chapter 3, section 4-5 the market revolution and … 3, section 4-5 the market revolution and...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 3, Section 4-5
The Market Revolution and
Reforming American Society
Inventions and economic developments in the early
19th
century helps transform American society.
CA Social Science Content Standards: 11.2.1, 11.1.3, 11.3.1, 11.3.2, 11.10.7
Opening Activity:
In a paragraph discuss what
inventions or new technologies
have improved your life. How has
these technologies affected the
American economy?
Taking Notes
Define the following terms:
market revolution National Trades’ Union Transcendentalism
free enterprise Commonwealth v. Hunt William Lloyd Garrison
Samuel F.B. Morse Abolition Frederick Douglass
Lowell textile mills Unitarians Seneca Falls convention
1807
Directions:
On the timeline, label and date important developments in manufacturing
during the early 19th century.
I. The Market Revolution
A. U.S. Markets Expand
-Market Revolution—people buy and sell goods rather than make
them.
-In 1840s economy grow more than in previous 40 years.
-Free enterprise—private businesses free to operate for profit.
-Entrepreneurs invest own money in new industries.
B. Inventions and Improvements
-Samuel F.B. Morse’s telegraph helps
business, railroads, communicate.
-Improved transportation systems cut freight costs, speed travel.
C. The Market Revolution Transforms the Nation
-Many manufactured goods become affordable in early 1800s.
-Transportation, communication links make regions
interdependent.
-Northeast becomes industrial, commercial; farmers go to
Midwest.
II. Changing Workplaces
A. Effect of Factories
-Families split, towns created, employer-worker relationships
change.
-Machines allow unskilled workers to do jobs of skilled artisans.
B. The Lowell Textile Mills
-In 1820s, Lowell textile mills employ young farm women.
-Women get low pay, but factories pay more than other jobs.
-Conditions worsen: work over 12 hours; dark, hot, cramped
factories.
III. Workers Seek Better Conditions
A. Workers Strike
-1830s, 1840s U.S. workers begin to strike—work stoppage over
job issues.
-Employers defeat strikes, replace workers with 3 million new
immigrants (1830-1860)—Potato Famine brought the Irish.
B. National Trades’ Union
-1830s, trade unions in
different towns join to
expand their power.
-Groups from several
industries form National
Trades’ Union (1834).
-Commonwealth v. Hunt:
Massachusetts Supreme
Court supports right to
strike.
IV. A Spiritual Awakening Inspires Reform
A. Roots of Reform Movements
-Sense of responsibility to seek salvation, improve self, society.
-Jacksonian democracy’s stress on importance, power of common
person.
B. The Second Great Awakening
-1790s-1840s, Second Great Awaking arouses religious feeling.
-Revival meetings last for days: impassioned preaching, Bible Study.
-Membership in churches rise dramatically—new ones form based on Restorationist and Holiness movements.
C. Unitarians and Transcendentalists
-Unitarians have faith in individual, but stress reason, not emotion.
-Philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson develops transcendentalism—truth in nature, emotional, spiritual experience.
D. The African-American Church
-South: slaves interpret hymns, Bible stories differently from whites.
-North: churches are political, cultural, educational, social centers.
V. Slavery and Abolition
A. Abolition Movement
-Abolition—movement to end slavery.
-1820s over 100 antislavery societies call for resettlement of Africa.
-William Lloyd Garrison, white abolitionist, publishes The Liberator, demands emancipation.
-Frederick Douglass, former slave, speaks out on slavery—begins his own antislavery newspaper, The North Star.
B. Turner’s Rebellion
-1700s most slaves African; by 1830 most claves American.
-Few slaves are freed; lives filled with hard work, suffering.
-Nat Turner leads slave rebellion in 1831; about 60 whites killed—
Turner and followers captured and killed.
VI. Women and Reform
A. Women’s Rights Movement Emerges
-Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott call women’s rights
convention.
-1848 Seneca Falls Convention approves declaration of women’s
rights.
Review Questions
1. The _______________ is the early industrialization of the U.S. where
people began to sell goods rather than make them.
2. The Second _______________ promoted an optimistic message that
inspired people to try to reform society.
3. The _____________ movement promoted ending the institution of
slavery.
4. In 1848 many women meet at the _________________ Convention
which approved a declaration of a women’s right to vote.
5. With the Market Revolution and factory work came the increase of
_____________.
Words:
abolition trade unions Great Awakening
Market Revolution Seneca Falls