chapter 38- activity and exercise (s)

7/28/2019 Chapter 38- Activity and Exercise (s)

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Chapter 38

1

ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE


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Overview of exercise and activity:

Body alignment

Relationship of one body par t to another

Body balance

Achieved by low center of gravity; enhanced by posture

Coordinated body movement

A result of weight, center of gravity, and ba lance

SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE BASE


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Overview of exercise and activity:

Friction

Force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement

Exercise and activity

A patients individualized exercise program depends on thepatients activity tolerance or the type and amount of exercise oractivity that the patient is able to perform.

Isotonic exercises

Isometric exercises

SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE BASE

(CONTD)


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Skeletalsystem

JointsLigaments,tendons,cartilage

Skeletalmuscle

Musclesconcerned

withmovement

Musclesconcerned

with posture

Musclegroups

Nervoussystem

Proprioception Balance

REGULATION OF MOVEMENT


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Developmental changes

Infants through school-aged children

Adolescence

Young to middle adults

Older adults

Behavioral aspects

Patients are more likely to incorporate an exercise program if

those around them are supportive.

Environmental issues

Work site

Schools

Community

Cultural and ethnic influences

Family and social support

FACTORS INFLUENCING ACTIVITY

AND EXERCISE


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ASSESSMENT: STANDING


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Sitting

Head is erect.

Neck and vertebral column are in straight alignment.

Body weight is distributed on the buttocks and thighs.

Thighs are parallel and horizontal. Feet are supported on the floor.

Forearms are supported on the armrest, in the lap, or on a

table in front of the chair.

ASSESSMENT: SITTING


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Recumbent position

Mobility

Range of motion

Gait

Exercise

Activity tolerance

ASSESSMENT


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Activity intolerance

Ineffective coping

Impaired gas exchange

Risk for injury

Impaired physical mobility

Imbalanced nutrition: more than body requirements

Acute or chronic pain

NURSING DIAGNOSIS


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Goals and outcomes

Participates in prescribed physical activity while maintaining

appropriate heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate

Verbalizes an understanding of the need to gradually increase

activity based on tolerance and symptoms

Expresses understanding of balancing rest and activity Setting priorities

Teamwork and collaboration

PLANNING


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Health promotion

Teach patients to calculate maximum hear t rate.

Body mechanics

Acute care

Musculoskeletal system

Joint mobility

Walking

Restorative and continuing care

IMPLEMENTATION


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CONTROLLED FALL


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When moving a patient, knowledge of safe transfer and

positioning is crucial.

Pathological influences on body alignment and mobility:

Congenital defects

Disorders of bones, joints, and muscles

Central nervous system damage

Musculoskeletal trauma

PRINCIPLES OF TRANSFER

AND POSITIONING TECHNIQUES


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Walkers

Canes

Crutches

Measuring for crutches

Crutch gait

Sitting in a chair with crutches

ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR WALKING


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ASSISTIVE DEVICES FOR WALKING

(CONTD)


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ASCENDING STAIRS


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DESCENDING STAIRS


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SITTING IN A CHAIR


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Restoration of activity and chronic illness

Coronary heart disease

Hypertension

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Diabetes mellitus

IMPLEMENTATION


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Patient outcomes

Reassess the patient for signs of improved activity and exercise

tolerance.

Ask for the patients perception of activity and exercise status

after interventions.

Ask if the patients expectations are being met.

EVALUATION


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1. A patient with a long history of arthritis complains of

sensitivity and warmth in the knees. To determine the

degree of limitation, the nurse should assess

A. Posture.

B. Activity tolerance.C. Body mechanics.

D. Range of joint motion.

QUICK QUIZ!

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chapter 38- activity and exercise (s)

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