chapter 6: the role of profit
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Chapter 6: The Role of Profit. Chapter Focus. The profit-maximizing rule How businesses in each market structure maximize profits The effects of profit-maximizing behavior on consumers in each market structure - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6: The Role of Profit
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Chapter Focus
The profit-maximizing rule How businesses in each market structure
maximize profits The effects of profit-maximizing behavior on
consumers in each market structure The short-run and long-run outcomes of
profit-maximizing behavior natural monopolies and how governments regulate them
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Perfect Competition:
Average Revenue: • a business's total revenue per unit of output
• AR= Total Revenue (TR)/ Quantity of Output (q)
Marginal Revenue:• The extra total revenue earned from an
additional unit of output
• Marginal Revenue (MR) = ∆ TR/ ∆ q
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Relationship Between Revenue Conditions and Demand :
• Price (P) = average revenue (AR) = marginal revenue (MR)
Profit Maximization:
• Profit-maximizing rule: marginal revenue (MR) = Marginal cost (MC)
Breakeven Point:
• The level of out put where price (or AR) equals average cost
• P = AC
Shutdown Point:
• The level of output where price (AR) equals average variable cost
• VC = TR →(AVC x q) = (p x q) → AVC = P
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Revenues for a perfect Competitor:
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Profit Maximization for a Perfect Competitor:
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Supply Curves for a Perfectly Competitive Business and market:
Business’s supply curve:• A curve that shows the quantity of output supplied by a
business at every possible price
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Market Supply Curve
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The Long Run
Benefits of Perfect Competition:
1. Minimum-Cost Pricing: the practice of setting price where it equals minimum average cost
2. Marginal-Cost Pricing: the practice of setting price where it equals marginal cost
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Monopolistic Competition:
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Revenues for a Monopolistic Competitor:
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Oligopoly:
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Monopoly:
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Monopoly versus Perfect Competition:
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Regulation of Natural Monopolies:
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Average-Cost Pricing: the practice of setting price where it equals average cost
Accounting-profit rate: a measure of a business’s profitability, calculated as its accounting profit divided by owner’s equity
Fair Rate of Return: the maximum accounting-profit rate allowed for a regulated monopoly