lcome to the world of urnalism, where porters have been gging dirt, raking muck, king headlines and adlines for centuries w. It’s a history full of bloid trash, of slimy nsationalists, of runkards, deadbeats and mmers” (as a Harvard iversity president once scribed reporters). But it’s a history full of roes, too: men and men risking their lives tell stories of war and agedy, risking prisonment to defend ee speech. And as you n see here, reports have come beloved characters p culture, too, turning up movies, comics and TV ows as if guided by an cult hand.

Every culture seeks effective ways to spread new information and gossip. In ancient times, news was written on clay tablets. In Caesar’s age, Romans read newsletters compiled by correspondents and handwritten by slaves. Wandering minstrels spread news (and the plague) in the Middle Ages. Them came ink on paper. Voices on airwaves. Newsreels, Web sites, And 24-hour cable news networks. Thus when scholars analyze the rich history of journalism, some view it in terms of technological progress—for example, the dramatic impact of bigger, faster printing presses. Others see journalism as a specialized form literary expression, one that’s

constantly evolving, reflecting and shaping its culture. Others see it as an inspiring quest for free speech, an endless power struggle between Authority (trying to control information) and the People (trying to learn the truth). Which brings to mind the words of A.J. Liefling: “Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to htose who own one.” In the pages ahead, we’ll take a quick tour of 600 years of journalism history, from hieroglyphics to hypertext: the media, the message and the politics. Technical advances and brilliant ideas forged a new style of journalism. It was a century of change, and newspapers changed

dramatically. The typi newspaper of 1800 wa undisciplined mishma legislative proceeding long-winded essays a secondhand gossip. B 1900, a new breed of tor had emerged. Jour had become big busin Reporting was becom disciplined craft. And newspapers were bec more entertaining and essential than ever, w most of the features w expect today: Snappy headlines, Ads, Comic Sports pages. And an “inverted pyramid” sty writing that made stori tighter and newsier. Radio and television brought an end to newspapers’ media monopoly. Why? Well yourself: Which did yo

Online  repor*ng  

Inside Reporting Tim Harrower

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From  print  to  the  Web  Media  convergence  Online  storytelling  op9ons  Wri9ng  for  online  media  

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� Online  media  offers  readers  more  variety  and  control  

� Naviga9on  crucial  factor  

Electronic newspapers may replace dead-tree newspapers!

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�  Tradi9onal  papers   • Online news sites

Arranging stories!

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� Need  to  develop  new  ways  to  tell  stories.  

�  Tomorrow’s  journalists  will  plan  and  produce  news  stories  in  different  ways.  

To fulfill the potential of new media!

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�  Timeliness  �  Print  uses  large  photo  to  catch  eye;  Web  uses  smaller  image  

�  Print  uses  smaller  text;  Web  uses  larger  text  

Navigating online news sites!

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� Home  page  is  gateway  to  online  news  � Must  be  comprehensive  � Must  be  easy  to  navigate  � Compelling  headlines  for  links  

Navigating online news sites!

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� Gatekeeper  (past)  

�  Journalist  shares  with  readers  informa9on  to  which  only  she  has  access.  

The role of the journalist is changing along with the media !

Navigator (present)

Journalist helps to guide readers through an ever-increasing body of information on a specific topic.

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�  Time/date  �  Index  �  Lead  story  �  Page  design  for  single-­‐screen  display  

� Naviga9on  buXons  

Key home page elements!• Search engine • Ads/promotions • Interactive extras • Links • Footer

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� Newsroom  convergence  �  Journalists  from  different  media  share  same  workspace.  

Technological innovations transforming 21st-century journalism!

Newsgathering convergence

Reporters, editors and photographers collaborate on reports.

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�  Content    convergence  �  Final  story  combines  

�  Text.  �  Images.  �  Blogs.  �  Podcasts.  �  Slideshows.    

Technological innovations…!

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� Use  print  to  explain.  � Use  mul9media  to  show.  � Use  interac9ves  to  demonstrate  and  engage.  

New forms of news deliveries!

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�  Video  �  Audio  �  Webcams  and  Webcasts  �  Podcasts  �  Animated  graphics  

• Archives    • Other  Web  sites  • Organiza9ons  • Editorials  and  columns  • Addi9onal  story  elements  

Multimedia Interactive Links

• Live  chats  • Reader  feedback  and  comments  • Online  polls  and  quizzes  • Downloads  

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� Who  creates  blogs?  �  Journalists  �  Par9cipants  in  breaking  news  � Bloggers  who  monitor  what’s  new  and  newsworthy  

� Are  blogs  important?  �  Everyone  has  a  voice  

BLOGS: a way to add viewpoints!

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�  “Chunk”  your  informa9on.  �  Tweak  your  type  to  make  it  easier  to  scan.  

� Rethink  what  a  “story”  is.  

Tips for creating readable, user-friendly news stories for Web sites 5

• Enhance your story with extra elements. • Collaborate.

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�  Photocopy  page  161.  � Ask  the  team  what’s  this  story  really  about.    �  Summarize  in  25  words  or  less.  

Online package planning guide!

• Think like a reader. • Organize.

• Distribute copies.