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Body Mechanics

Activity and Exercise

Activity and Exercise

Refers to persons routines of exercise, activity, leisure and recreation needs for rest and mobility.

Exercise

Any physical activity involving muscles that elevates the heart rate above resting levels

Reduces joint pain and stiffness. Increases flexibility, muscle strength, and

endurance. Weight reduction and improved sense of

well-being

Types of exercise:

Isotonic (dynamic exercise): Muscle shortens to produce contraction and active

movement .e.g. running, walking, swimming, cycling) * Advantages: 1- Increase muscle tone, mass, strength 2- Maintain joint flexibility and circulation

Isometric (static or setting) * as strengthen abdominal, gluteal muscle)

* No change in muscle length * No joint movement * Maintaining strength in immobilized muscle

Types of exercise:

Isokinetic: (resistive exercise) * Muscle contraction or tension against resistance can

be either isometric and isotonic

Benefits of exercise on body system

Musculoskeletal System: * Increase and maintain muscle tone, size, shape

* Increase joint mobility, flexibility, and range of motion.

* Maintain ob bone intensity.

Cardiovascular System: * Improve cardiovascular function, by increasing

cardiac output and strength of heart muscle contraction.

Benefits of exercise on body system

Respiratory System: *Increase ventilation

GI tract System: *Improve appetite, digestion and elimination Metabolic System: *Increase metabolic rate

Urinary System: *Improve excretion of the urinary waste

Benefits of exercise on body system

Psychoneurologic System: * Enhance sense of wellbeing and improve tolerance

to stress

* Enhance of sleep pattern related to increase energy level

* Improve self concept and self esteem by decrease depression

Intigumentary System: * Maintain skin integrity

Positions

Performing by the nurse for procedure and protect client body from injury and maintain muscle tone and prevent complication.

Positions and Uses

Dorsal (supine): * Place patient on back for comfort, change position

* used for physical assessment

Dorsal recumbent: * Place patient on back, legs flexed and slightly rotated outward

*Used for pelvic examination, female catheterization, perinal care

Semi-fowler’s position: * Sitting position with or without positioning pillow at

head 45-60 degree. used for eating and facilitate breathing

Positions and Uses

High fowler’s position: *Patient sits straight up in the bed at 90 degree angle

Lithotomy position: * Supine position with flexed knee and hips, thigh abducted and

rotated externally

* Used for Vaginal examination, vaginal hysterecectomy

Prone position: * Laying flat on the abdomen, arm flexed toward head,

head aside

Factors Affecting Mobility

Health Status Developmental Stage

• Children• Adolescents• Adults

Factors Affecting Mobility

Environment• Attitudes and Beliefs• Lifestyle

Nursing Diagnoses

Activity Intolerance Impaired Physical Mobility Risk of Disuse Syndrome Self-Care Deficits Altered Health Maintenance Risks for Falls

Planning and Outcome Identification

Interventions• Bed Rest• Restorative Nursing Care• Health Promotion and Fitness

Implementation

Range-of-Motion Exercises• Performed several times a day.• Each joint is placed through its full functional

motion.

Implementation

Transfer Techniques• Moving clients• Logrolling the client• Transferring from bed to chair• Transferring from bed to stretcher• Assistive devices

Implementation

Assisting with Ambulation• Preparing the client to walk• Client education• Preambulating exercise

Assisting with Ambulation

Nurse promotes safety of a client using a quad cane.

Assisting with Ambulation

Assistive Devices• Canes• Walkers• Crutches