Chapter Fifteen Career and Lifestyle Planning in Vocational Rehabilitation SettingsMark D. StaufferDavid CapuzziJerry A. OlsheskiCareer Counseling: Foundations, Perspectives, and Applications edited by David Capuzzi and Mark Stauffer

Career Development Issues for People With Disabilities Lack of participation in the workforce Chronic unemployment Functional limitations

Career Development Issues for People With Disabilities (cont.) Environmental barriers Discrimination/stereotyping Lack of accessible/available transportation Fear of losing benefits Lack of education and training and supports to secure, retain, or advance in employment

Career Theory and Disabilities

Career theory relevancy

Disabilities omission from career research Class-biased research Castification

More Appropriate Theoretical ModelsHershensons TheoryModel for work adjustment Work personality Work competencies Appropriate work goals

More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.)Hershensons (2005) INCOME MODELImaginingiNformingChoosingObtainingMaintainingExiting.

More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.)Szymanski and Hershensons Ecological model of vocational behavior Five theoretical construct groupings Six processes

More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.)Ecological Models Five Theoretical Construct Groupings Individual Context Mediating Environment Outcome

More Appropriate Theoretical Models (cont.)Ecological Models Six Processes Development Decision making Socialization Allocation Chance Labor market forces

Americans With Disabilities ACT (ADA) 1990Title I Access to employment Title IIPublic services Title III Public accommodation Title IV Telecom. provisions Title V Miscellaneous provisions

Americans With Disabilities ACT(ADA) 1990 (cont.) Qualified individual with a disability Reasonable accommodations Job accommodation process Undue hardship/direct threat

Americans With Disabilities Amendments Act(ADAA) 2008 Shifted the general emphasis from a burden on the individual to prove disability to focusing on the act of discrimination itself

Individual subjected to an action prohibited by the ADA because of an actual or perceived impairment will meet the regarded as definition of disability.

Expanded definitionsE.g., major life activities now included bending, reading and communicating

Functional CapacityFunctional limitationsvs. Disability performance

Categorization of limitationsBrodwin, Parker, and DeLaGarza (2003)

19 Categories of LimitationsBrodwin, Parker, and DeLaGarza (2003)

difficulty in interpreting informationlimitations of sight and total blindnesslimitations of hearing and total deafnessfainting, dizziness, and seizuresin-coordination; limitation of staminalimitation of head movementreaching, lifting and carryingdifficulty in handling and fingeringinability to use the upper extremitiesdifficulty in sittingdifficulty in using the lower extremitiespoor balancecognitive limitationemotional limitationlimitation due to disfigurementsubstance abusepain limitation

Job Analysis Information

Job analysis describes in a systematic manner:

What the worker does How the work is done Results of the work Worker characteristics Context of work Organization & environmental factors(U.S. Department of Labor, 1982)

Job Analysis Information (cont.)

Five physical demand categoriesof Dictionary of Occupational Titles (U.S. Department of Labor, 1991)

Sedentary work Light work Medium work Heavy work Very heavy work

Vocational Rehabilitation Services

Vocational rehabilitation services are defined as continuous and coordinated services that are designed to enable a person with a disability to secure and retain suitable employment. (Wright, 1980)

Vocational Rehabilitation Services (cont.)

Public rehabilitation services Private rehabilitation services Employer-based rehabilitation services

Vocational Rehabilitation Services (cont.)

Work adjustment training Work evaluation (e.g., work samples, situational approach, on-the-job evaluation)

Supported employment(e.g., job coaching, place-train-follow-up)

Vocational Rehabilitation Services

Job seeking skills training (JSST) Assistive technology/rehabilitation engineering Physical restoration services

Legislative Acts

Soldier Rehabilitation Act of 1918

Smith-Fess Act of 1920

Social Security Act in 1935

Barden-LaFollette Act of 1943

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

References

Brodwin, M., Parker, M., & DeLaGarza, D. (2003). Disability and accommodation. In E.M. Szymanski & R.M. Parker (Eds.). Work and disability: Issues andstrategies for career development and job placement (2nd ed.).(pp. 201-246). Austin, TX: Pro-ed.

Hershenson, D. (1981). Work adjustment, disability, and the three rs of vocational rehabilitation: A conceptual model. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 25, 91-97.Hershenson, D. (2005). INCOME: A culturally inclusive and disability-sensitive framework for organizing career development concepts and interventions. The Career Development Quarterly, 54, 150-161.United States Department of Labor (1991). Dictionary of occupational titles (4th ed.).Indianapolis, IN: JIST Works.United States Department of Labor (1982). Handbook for analyzing jobs. Washington,DC: Government Printing Office.Wright, G. (1980). Total rehabilitation. Boston: Little, Brown & Company.