chapter menu lesson 1:producers and consumersproducers and consumers lesson 2:energy in...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter Menu
Lesson 1: Producers and Consumers
Lesson 2: Energy in Ecosystems
Lesson 3: Matter in Ecosystems
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding lesson.
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ecology
producer
photosynthesis
consumer
protozoan
13.1 Producers and Consumers
herbivore
carnivore
omnivore
decomposer
scavenger
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Ecosystems
• An ecosystem includes biotic and abiotic factors.
13.1 Producers and Consumers
• Ecology is the study of the interactions between living things and their environment.
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Producers
• Producers are organisms that use light energy from the Sun or energy from chemical reactions to make their own food.
• Only a few types of producers on Earth make food without energy.
• Producers use carbon dioxide and water to make sugars, which they use as food.
13.1 Producers and Consumers
Types of Producers
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The Sun• Photosynthesis is a process that some producers
use to make their own food using light energy.
13.1 Producers and Consumers
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Plants
• Most green plants are producers.
• Plants use light energy, water, and carbon dioxide and make simple sugars.
• These sugars are a source of energy and carbon.
13.1 Producers and Consumers
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Protists and Bacteria• Some protists are producers, such as algae,
dinoflagellates, and euglenas.
• Some bacteria, called cyanobacteria, carry out photosynthesis.
13.1 Producers and Consumers
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Chemosynthesis• Some bacteria make food using energy from chemical
reactions in a process called chemosynthesis.
• Some chemosynthetic bacteria live deep in the ocean where sunlight never reaches.
13.1 Producers and Consumers
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Consumers• Consumers are organisms that cannot make their
own food.
– All animals are consumers because they eat other organisms or their wastes.
– Some consumers eat producers, and some eat other consumers.
– Some consumers, such as protozoans, are single-celled.
13.1 Producers and Consumers
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Types of Consumers
• Herbivores are animals that eat only plants.
• Carnivores are animals that only eat other animals.
• Omnivores are animals that eat other animals and plants.
13.1 Producers and Consumers
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Types of Consumers (cont.)
• Scavengers are organisms that eat dead animals.
• Decomposers break down dead organisms, and animal droppings, and other wastes produced by living things.
13.1 Producers and Consumers
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Lesson 1 Review
_____ is the science of the interactions of living things and their environments.
A Chemistry
B Biology
C Ecology
D Environmentalism
13.1 Producers and Consumers
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Lesson 1 Review
What process do some bacteria that are deep in the ocean use and make food?
A photosynthesis
B chemosynthesis
C decomposition
D consumption
13.1 Producers and Consumers
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
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Lesson 1 Review
Which consumer breaks down dead organisms and wastes produced by living things?
A decomposers
B herbivores
C omnivores
D scavengers
13.1 Producers and Consumers
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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End of Lesson 1
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food chain
food web
primary consumer
secondary consumer
tertiary consumer
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
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Energy Through the Ecosystems
• Organisms do not create or destroy energy; they change it from one form to another.
• Energy moves one way through an ecosystem—from producers to consumers and decomposers.
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
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Food as Energy
• Energy passes through ecosystems as food.
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
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Food Chains• A food chain is an illustration of how energy moves
though an ecosystem.
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
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Food Webs• An ecosystem contains more than one type of producer,
and most organisms eat more than one type of food.
• A food web is a more complicated model of the flow of energy in an ecosystem.
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
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Food Webs (cont.)
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
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Energy Pyramids• An energy pyramid is a diagram that shows how much
energy is available to each type of consumer.
– The bottom layer has the most available energy and contains the producers.
– The middle layers contain primary consumers and secondary consumers.
– The small top layer has the least available energy and contains tertiary consumers.
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
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Energy Pyramids (cont.)
Temperate Deciduous Forest
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
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Energy Pyramids (cont.)
Desert
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
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Energy Pyramids (cont.)
Tropical Rainforest
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
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Releasing Thermal Energy• All organisms release some energy in food as thermal
energy.
• This is why less energy is available with each step up an energy pyramid.
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
How is energy transferred through a community of organisms?
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Lesson 2 Review
Which accurately represents the flow of energy in an ecosystem?
A food chain
B food pyramid
C food web
D energy pyramid
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Lesson 2 Review
What does the bottom layer of an energy pyramid represent?
A primary consumers
B producers
C tertiary consumers
D herbivores
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Lesson 2 Review
The energy in an energy pyramid is dependent on the number of _____ in an ecosystem.
A producers
B tertiary consumers
C primary consumers
D secondary consumers
13.2 Energy in Ecosystems
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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End of Lesson 2
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nitrifying bacteria
nitrogen cycle
phosphorus cycle
carbon cycle
13.3 Matter in Ecosystems
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Cycles of Matter• The amount of matter—anything that has mass and takes
up space—on Earth never changes.
• Elements that make up matter cycle among living things and between abiotic and biotic environments.
13.3 Matter in Ecosystems
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Nitrogen Cycle• Nitrifying bacteria change atmospheric nitrogen into forms
of nitrogen that plants can take up through their roots.
• The nitrogen cycle describes how nitrogen moves from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and then back to the atmosphere.
13.3 Matter in Ecosystems
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Nitrogen Cycle (cont.)13.3 Matter in Ecosystems
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Phosphorus Cycle• The phosphorus cycle describes how
phosphorus moves from soil to producers and consumers, and back to soil.
13.3 Matter in Ecosystems
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The Carbon Cycle• The carbon cycle describes how carbon moves
between the living and nonliving environments.
• Carbon is the key element in sugars, proteins, starches, and many other compounds that make up living things.
13.3 Matter in Ecosystems
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The Carbon Cycle (cont.)13.3 Matter in Ecosystems
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Lesson 3 Review
_____ is anything that has mass and takes up space.
A Matter
B Carbon
C Nitrogen
D Phosphorus
13.3 Matter in Ecosystems
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Lesson 3 Review
What process changes nitrogen into a form that plants can take up through their roots?
A photosynthesis
B chemosynthesis
C nitrogen cycling
D carbon cycling
13.3 Matter in Ecosystems
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Lesson 3 Review
Which element is the key element in sugars, proteins, and starches?
A nitrogen
B phosphorus
C oxygen
D carbon
13.3 Matter in Ecosystems
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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End of Lesson 3
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Chapter Resources Menu
Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.
Chapter Assessment
California Standards Practice
Image Bank
Science Online
Interactive Table
Virtual Lab
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Green plants are ____.
A consumers
B producers
C scavengers
D decomposers
Chapter Assessment 1
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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What are organisms that cannot make their own food called?
A producers
B algae
C consumers
D chemosynthetic
Chapter Assessment 2
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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What does a food chain show?
A how carbon moves through an ecosystem
B how consumers move through an ecosystem
C how producers move through an ecosystem
D how energy moves through an ecosystem
Chapter Assessment 3
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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What does an energy pyramid represent?
A how much matter is inan ecosystem
B how much energy is available in an ecosystem
C which consumers eat which producers
D the number of species in an ecosystem
Chapter Assessment 4
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Most humans are _____.
A producers
B scavengers
C herbivores
D omnivores
Chapter Assessment 5
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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What to herbivores eat?
A animals
B plants
C plants and animals
D dead matter
CA Standards Practice 1
SCI 5.c
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Why is the carbon cycle essential to life on Earth?A Carbon is the key
element in sugars, proteins, and starches.
B Carbon allows sunlight to penetrate Earth’s atmosphere.
C Carbon keeps harmful UV rays from entering Earth’s atmosphere.
D Carbon is broken down during decomposition of plants and animals.
CA Standards Practice 2
SCI 5.c
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Which level in an energy pyramid has the least amount of available energy?
A bottom layer
B first middle layer
C second middle layer
D top layer
CA Standards Practice 3
SCI 5.a
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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What do secondary consumers eat?
A primary consumers
B producers
C primary consumers and producers
D secondary producers
CA Standards Practice 4
SCI 5.a
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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What is the main source of energy for most producers?
A light
B nitrification
C chemosynthesis
D scavenging
CA Standards Practice 5
SCI 5.a
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
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Image Bank
![Page 55: Chapter Menu Lesson 1:Producers and ConsumersProducers and Consumers Lesson 2:Energy in EcosystemsEnergy in Ecosystems Lesson 3:Matter in EcosystemsMatter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e7e5503460f94b81b44/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Interactive Lab
Types of Producers
![Page 56: Chapter Menu Lesson 1:Producers and ConsumersProducers and Consumers Lesson 2:Energy in EcosystemsEnergy in Ecosystems Lesson 3:Matter in EcosystemsMatter](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022081519/56649e7e5503460f94b81b44/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
End of Resources