Chemistry Day 4

Tuesday, September 5th – Wednesday, September 6th, 2017

Do-Now: 1.  Take out your lab notes from the last class 2.  Take out your dwelling materials 3. We will complete the lab today. You will

need to work on your final lab report outline as you complete the lab.

Finished? Take out your planner and table of

contents.

Announcements

• Bringplannerstoclasseveryday• CompletelabsafetyquizandCh.1

quizretakesthisweekàbesure

yourstampsareuptodate

Planner: •  Lab packet AND report due by Friday (9/7) •  Get missing stamps & then complete quiz

retakes •  Bring calculators!

Table of Contents #1: • No new assignments today

FLT •  I will be able to design a model to

minimize heat transfer by completing Penguin Lab

Standard HS-ETS1-1: Analyze a major global challege to specify qualitative and quantitative criteria and constraints for solutions that account for societal needs and wants

Last Class 1.  In your lab groups, brainstorm what materials

you will bring. Remember, you will need to revise your model.

2.  What is the guiding question of this lab? What are we trying to accomplish? Write this down.

3.  Develop a hypothesis for this lab. A hypothesis is written in the “If ____, then____ because____” form.

–  Ex/ If I slowly pour hot water over cold water, then the hot water will initially settle on top of the cold water because cold water has a greater density.

4.  Two data tables should be on a separate piece of paper

Scientific Investigation Step 1: Observe

•  We observed the situation with penguins and ice cubes

Scientific Investigation Step 2: Question

•  What is the guiding question? •  You MUST include the major issue you’re trying to find

a solution for.

Scientific Investigation Step 3: Hypothesis

•  Come up with an initial hypothesis for your question.

•  *It must be an “If____, then____, because____” statement

Scientific Investigation Step 4: Experiment

•  Design an experiment to test your hypothesis. •  Think about how will you try to prove that your

hypothesis is correct?

Scientific Investigation Step 5: Analyze Data

•  How will you collect data? •  What does your data tell you? •  According to your data, is your

hypothesis correct or incorrect?

•  What happens if you’re hypothesis is incorrect? What steps will you take to make your experiment better? How will you IMPROVE your hypothesis?

Scientific Investigation Step 6: Conclusion

•  Write a thorough conclusion summarizing your data and results. What did you learn? What are you going to take away from this experiment? What was the purpose of this experiment? Were there any errors you made? How did you improve your experiment for a better grade? What were some problems you ran into?

Save Your Penguin!

Using a Triple Beam Balance

Using a Digital Balance

Place weigh boat or paper on balance first

Press the “Zero” or “Tare” Button

Add Materials to Weigh Boat

Record Mass

Remove Material from Weigh Boat and Wipe Clean

Experiment Outline: 4 Trials •  10 minutes to finalize design/construct dwelling •  Take mass of ice cubes using weigh boats •  5 minutes in the oven while you work on report •  Re-mass ice cube, take picture, and make notes on

observations •  10 minutes to design trial 2 (no sharing materials

with other groups) •  Mass + 5 minutes in the oven + work on report •  Re-mass + record observations/data •  Repeat

Procedure steps •  Check pre-lab with group. Have Ms. Fleming approve

your data tables and hypothesis. – THIS WILL BE STAMPED OFF

•  Grab materials you may need: ruler, scissors, glue, etc. •  Take 10 minutes to design your dwelling (MUST

TIME) –  It should be 2” x 2” x 2”

•  Tip: Take a picture of your dwelling each trial! •  Take the mass of your ice cube •  Place in chamber for 5 minutes (MUST TIME) •  Remove and re-mass. •  Repeat for 2-3 more trials, checking with Ms. Fleming

each time. You will get a new ice cube each trial.

Post-Lab • Work on your lab report •  I will come around to stamp while you

work •  Final report should be submitted by

Friday

Chemistry Thursday, September 7th, 2017 – Friday,

September 8th, 2017

Do-Now Title: “BrainPOP: States of Matter” 1. Write down today’s FLT 2.  List two examples of gases 3.  List two examples of things that are liquid 4.  List two examples of things that are solid 5.  How can you turn water into ice, and ice

into water? What do you need to do? 6.  Underneath your do-now, write “brainpop

practice” and number 1-10 Finished? Take out your planner and table of

contents.

Announcements

Labsshouldbe

submi?edJ

Seemewith

quesAons/concerns

aboutlabs

Announcements • Quizzes/Exams

• Foreachchapterwewillhaveachapter“quiz”

• Thesemayrangeinvaluefrom5-20

points

• Attheendofeachunit,wewillhaveatest.Thesewillbeworth

100points.

Announcements

• Grades:– Missingassignmentswillturnintozeroes

–clearASAP

Announcements

• Officehours(adjusted):

– 6:30-7:50amdaily

– Lunchdaily(Bdaysbest)– A\erschoolbyappointment

Planner: •  Lab report due! •  Study 13.1 (inc. conversions) •  Finish WS •  Clear missing assignments

Table of Contents #1: 8.  BrainPOP: States of Matter 9.  13.1 Notes 10.  13.1 WS

BrainPOP:StatesofMa?er

• WatchtheBrainPOPvideo

• A2erthevideo,answertheques8onsinyourgroup–every

membermustcopydownthe

sameanswer

• Thegroupwiththemostcorrect

answersà+5dojopointseachh?ps://www.brainpop.com/science/ma?erandchemistry/statesofma?er/

Notes Protocol • Title your notes & add assignment # • Complete Cornell-style • Copy down all bolded ideas • Noise level 0 • Raise hand to question/comment • Be prepared to pair-share-respond

Chapter 13 Notes Intro

Identifying Substances •  Ma?erthathasauniformanddefinitecomposiAon

iscalledasubstance

•  Ex:GoldandCopper

States of Matter •  3statesofmaEer:solid,liquid,andgas.

•  Allma?erismadeupofAnyparAcles

States of Matter •  Solid:•  Definiteshape•  Definitevolume.

•  TheparAclesinasolidarepackedAghtly

together,hasanorderly

arrangement,and

vibratesinplace

dopamine

States of Matter •  Liquid:Indefiniteshape&definitevolume.Flows.

Liquidsarenoteasilycompressed

•  TheparAclesinaliquidhaveenoughenergytomovefreelyinrandomdirecAons,butremainclose

toeachother.

States of Matter •  Gas:Indefiniteshapeandvolume(takestheshape

andvolumeofitscontainer)

•  It’seasilycompressedbecausethere’ssomuch

emptyspace.

•  GasparAclesmoveathighspeedsandrandomly.

Pair-Share-Respond 1. What are the 3 states of matter? 2. Describe each of the three states.

13.1: The Nature of Gases

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Energy •  Kine8cenergy:Energyanobjecthasbecauseofitsmo8on

•  Thinkaboutit:Toaccelerateanobject,wemust

applyaforce.Butonceapplied,energyhasbeen

transferredtothemovingobject.

•  KineAcenergyissimplytheenergyanobjecthas

becauseofitsmoAon

Kinetic Energy

Kinetic Energy •  Allma?erconsistsofAnyparAclesthatarein

constantmoAon.

•  Inagas,theseparAclesaremoleculesoratoms

Kinetic Energy & Gases •  Inthe1800s,scienAstswerestudyinggases.HowcouldtheydescribetheproperAesofsubstances

withnofixedshapeorvolume?

Kinetic Theory Applied to Gases 1.   Gasesaremadeofmolecules.

TheseareAnysphereswith

insignificantvolume

2.   Moleculesareinconstant,

randommo8on.Theyhave

kineAcenergy.

3.   Collisionsareperfectlyelas8c.Whenmoleculescollide,they

donotlosekineAcenergy

Behavior of Gases

Properties of Gases •  ThemoleculesingasesareinconstantmoAon

•  ThisallowsgasestoexpandunAlitfillsitscontainer

Gas and Temperature •  Astemperatureincreases,moleculesmovefaster

•  Astemperaturedecreases,moleculesmoveslower

•  AvgKEisdirectlypropor8onaltotemperature

•  NOTE:Atabsolutezero(Kelvin),thereisnomovementofparAcles.

Gas Pressure

Gas Pressure •  Pressureisdefinedasforceperunitarea•  Forexample,ahighheelshoeexertsagreater

pressurethananormalshoeduetothesmaller

areaofcontact

•  Largershoesspreadouttheforceoveragreaterarea

Gas Pressure •  GasparAclesexertpressurewhentheycollidewiththewallsoftheircontainer

•  Individualgasmoleculesexertaminimalpressure

•  Gaspressureiscausedbycollisionsofmany

par8clesagainstobjects

Air Pressure •  Airisamixtureofgases

Air Pressure •  BecauseairparAclesareinconstantmoAon,theyexert

pressure.

•  Wecallthispressure

“atmosphericpressure”or

“airpressure”

Gas Pressure

Atmospheric Pressure •  Atmosphericpressure=pressureduetocollisions

byairmolecules.

•  PressuredecreaseswithincreasingalAtudes

Barometer •  Barometer–measuresatmosphericpressure

Pair-Share-Respond 1. Define or describe kinetic energy 2.  Identify the three parts of the kinetic

molecular theory applied to gases 3. What happens to kinetic energy as

temperature increases? 4. What is atmospheric pressure?

Measurements

Measurements •  Inchemistry,weo\enusemeasurementsat

standardtemperatureandpressure(STP)

•  Standardtemperatureandpressure(STP)=273K

(0°C)and1atmpressure

Measurements •  Inchemistry,weo\enusedifferentunitsforthe

samemeasurement

– Ex/temperaturecanbemeasuredinFahrenheit,Celsius,

orKelvinunits

– 0°C=32°CF=273K•  Consequently,weneedtobeabletoconvertbetweentheseunits

Converting Between Units of Pressure •  UnitsofPressure:

– Pascal(Pa)–SIunit– Kilopascal(kPa)– Millimetersofmercury(mmHg)

– Atmospheres(atm)

– Torr

Converting Between Units of Pressure •  ConversionFactorsforPressure:•  1atm=760mmHg=760torr=101,325Pa

=101.325kPa

Converting Between Units of Pressure •  First:Writewhatyoustartwith

•  Second:Drawaconversionfactor(raAo)–thisiscalleddimensionalanalysis

Converting Between Units of Pressure •  Ex/Convert0.875atmtommHg

•  Recall:1atm=760mmHg=760torr=

101,325Pa=101.325kPa

Now you try! • Convert 98.35 kPa to atm

• Convert 9.1 torr to mm Hg

CW 1.  Complete the conversion worksheet 2.  Study Ch. 13 3.  Turn in/finish lab reports