ChinaMing

DynastyZheng He

1405-1433

Animated Zheng He’s Ship

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sultan/media/expl_01q.html

European MotivesGoldGloryGod

Treaty of

Tordesillas

Desire for new trade

routes– Controlled by Muslims

and Italians– Spices and luxury goods– High prices and profits

Portugal

Prince Henry the

Navigator– Conquers Ceuta– Desire to spread

Christianity– Desire to find new

lands– Died in debt

Bartolomeu Dias-1481

First to round Cape of Good Hope

New Technologies

Christopher Columbus

1492

• Claimed San Salvador for Spain• First voyage as explorer• Future voyages as empire builder

Vasco da Gama-1497

• Reaches Calicut – Spices– Silks– Gems– Cargo worth 60

times cost– Direct route to

India

Ferdinand Magellan1519

Circumnavigate globe

James Cook1769-1770

Samuel de Champlain1608

Founded Quebec

Commercial Revolution

A. Social and Economic Background

1. European Population Increases

1500-1700 82 million to 115 million

1500-1600 London 50,000-200,000

Increase in demand for goods leads to…

2. Inflation

a. population increase

b. influx of precious metals from America by Spain

Average of 5 tons of gold and 250 tons of silver per year during 16th century.

B. Growth of business and capitalism

1. Capital accumulated by merchants= new ventures for increased profit

2. Changes in Commercial Organization

a. Trading company –

Joint-stock company chartered by the government and given a monopoly to trade and settle a given area.

b. Stock Exchanges-

First in Amsterdam 1611.

c. Banking Expanded

d. Insurance developed.

1666 London Fire - Lloyd’s of London

e. Monetary changes

promissory notes

coins

MercantilismBecame a national policy

Definition:

1. Gold & Silver = wealth of nation

2. Export more than it imports - difference paid in gold and silver

3. Nation increases exports by stimulating domestic industries with “bounties” -subsidies

4. Tariffs

5. Colonies = raw materials and markets

6. Restrict colonial manufacturing to protect manufacturing in mother country

7. Forbid colonies to trade with outside nations

Effects on Pre-Columbian World

A. Africa- slave trade

B. European migration

C. Columbian Exchange

Europeanmigration

The Columbian Biological Exchange

Forms of Biological Life Going From:Old World to New World: New World to Old World:

Diseases:

Smallpox Yellow FeverMeasles InfluenzaChicken Pox The Common ColdMalaria

Animals: Horses SheepCattle GoatsPigs Chickens

TurkeysLlamasAlpacasGuinea Pigs

Plants: RiceWheatBarleyOatsCoffeeSugarcaneBananasMelonsOlivesDandelionsDaisiesCloverRagweedKentucky Bluegrass

Corn (Maize)Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima Varieties)TobaccoPeanutsSquashPeppersTomatoesPumpkinsPineapplesCacao (Source of Chocolate)Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)PapayasManioc (Tapioca)GuavasAvocados

Girl infected

with smallpox

What plant and animal materials were partof the Colombian Exchange?