Chiroptera (hand-wing)

Modes of Flight• Bats– High speed w/ extreme maneuverability.– Can fly up to ________but average about ______– Bats _________ and _______ on the wing.

Order Chiroptera

• Only __________________• Date to Eocene (50 mya)• worldwide– 17 families– 170 genera– _______________

• Suborders– ________________-flying foxes of tropics– ________________-worldwide

Basic Bat : Townsend’s big-eared bat.

Modes of Flight:

Flight surface is covered with skin and supported by :

What is the fifth finger used for?_______________________Why is the pelvis so small and the thoracic region so large?______________________________________________

basic body plan of bat video

Echolocation• occurs only in the

.– Sound is produced in the .– Sound is emitted through the

.– Echolocation is used for catching prey and flying.

http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/wss&CISOPTR=1001

So how can the bat be removed?????

How echolocation works: Animals calls, then to the echoes that return from various objects. They use these echoes to and the objects.

Echolocation

• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/animals/bats-videos.htm

• Why can we hear some of the bat sounds and not others?___________________________.

• bats such as the ___________ we can not hear.

• _____________: Humans hear sounds ranging up to 20 kHz, while most bats use a broader range (from about 9 kHz to 200+ kHz)

Echolocation• Why we can we hear some of the bat sounds and

not others. Video explanation.• Whispering bats such as the vampire bat we can not

hear• Humans hear sounds ranging up to 20 kHz, while

most bats use a broader range (from about 9 kHz to 200+ kHz)

• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/animals/bats-videos.htm

Echolocation• Used primarily by and piscivores bats why?__________________________________

– Molossids– Noctilionids– Vespertilionids

• Some bats emit the pulses through the .– Rhinolophids.

• Why use high frequency sounds?– High frequency in air.

MicrochiropteraMicrochiroptera

Bat Diversity• Earliest bat fossils are from the early Eocene

of North America:– Icaronycteris index

• There are no intermediate forms - earliest bats are good bats. Why?_______________________ Mosquito

100 mya

Bat Fossil 50 mya

the

Long Island Bats• all are, ‘evening’ bats

• all are , hence migrate or hibernate

• found on Long Island

• Where do these bats roost?____________________

Little Brown MyotisMyotis lucifugus

Little Brown MyotisJust the facts:• NY’s most common bat• 6-9 grams• may live to _______________• favors ponds and streams for foraging• forages at about 13 mph, 3-6 m above ground• mate in early autumn; fertilization in spring; 50-60 day gestation• move to maternity colonies of hundreds• born after 30 minute labor in late May weighing1.5 grams• reaches sexual maturity at 8 mos.• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=brjYYaZavoQ&safety_mode=t

rue&persist_safety_mode=1

Little Brown Myotis __________

Northern MyotisMyotis septontrionalis

Formerly Keen’s Myotis, Myotis keenii

Indiana Myotis/Pink-faced BatMyotis sodalis

Federally Endangered

Small-footed MyotisMyotis leibii

Threatened

Silver-haired BatLasionycteris noctivagans

Eastern PipistrellePipistrellus subflavus

Big Brown BatEptesicus fuscus

Red BatLasiurus borealis

Hoary BatLasiurus cinereus

Interested about Long Island Bats

Adopt a Bat :)

Vampire Bat

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammals-animals/bats/bat_woollyfalsevampire_eatsbat.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oFAjf_kwwg0&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1http://animal.discovery.com/videos/raw-nature-vampire-bats.html

Based on the pastVideo, Vampire bats cause what Illness: __________

Comparisons of Deaths in the U.S. to Bat Rabies:

Bat Transmitted Rabies (1980-2000): _______________

Accidents Involving Deer: 200 people per year

Lightning Strikes: about 90 people per year

Dog attacks: 15-25 people per year

Toppling Vending Machines: 2.2 people per year (So, more people are killed from toppling vending machines than bat rabies)Still Please Don't Pick Up or Touch Any Bats!

Megachiroptera• Pteropodidae– Also called ____________and flying

foxes and found only in the tropics.– 154 species– Predominantly nocturnal – ________ body sizes ranging from 15g to 1.6Kg. (up to 5 feet and 3

pounds)– They are specialized for feeding on

fruit and nectar. (Crush and drink the fruit _________)

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhMXptEj6z8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

No Echolocation: Megachiroptera Contrary to popular belief, not all

bats can . , they do not

echolocate like _____________. Large-bodied, and feed on

, and . They rely mainly on and to find food and are often referred to as flying foxes because many have dog-like faces.

http://www.derm.qld.gov.au/wildlife-ecosystems/wildlife/sounds/black_flying_fox.mp3

MegachiropteraSpecies

__________________________________(Largest Bat, 5 feet)

Flying foxes(bats)

Fruit bats