christoph menke - impact of pv and wind power to the grid

8/6/2019 Christoph Menke - Impact of PV and Wind Power to the Grid

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Impact of PV and Wind Power to the Grid -What needs to be done to manage it?German Approach

Session 4: Addressing Technical Challenges

Asia Clean Energy Forum 2011June 20 21, 2011 in Manila

Prof. Dr.Ing. Christoph MenkeUniversity of Applied Science, Trier, Germany

Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Bangkok,Thailand

Senior Consultant for Renewable Energy Policy, GIZ GmbH,Germany


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Scenario 2010- 2030 Germany (Guiding Scenario 2010)


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Generation of Wind & PV in January 2010(presently > 36.000 MW installed)

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313 337 361 385 409 433457 481505 529 553 577 601 625 649 673 697 721

Photovoltaik

Wind

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Wind: 26.000 MWPV: 9.800 MW(Stand 1.1.10)

Source: Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy,Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&Renewables, Christoph Weienborn,BDEW


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Generation of Wind & PV20.6. 05.07. 2010

0

5.000

10.000

15.000

20.000

25.000

30.000

35.000

1 25 49 73 97 121 145 169 193 217 241 265 289 313 337 361

Photovoltaik

Wind

20.6. 21.6. 22.6. 23.6. 24.6. 25.6. 26.6. 27.6. 28.6. 29.6. 30.6. 1.7. 2.7. 3.7. 4.7. 5.7.

During that time less then 10% frominstalled Wind power!

123 MW Wind am 23.6. (Stundenmittelwert 8:00 bis 9:00 Uhr)

entspricht 0,46% der inst. Leistung

3.520 MW Wind am 3.7. (Stundenmittelwert 0:00 bis 1:00 Uhr)

entspricht 13,5% der inst. Leistung

Wind: 26.000 MWPV: 9.800 MW(Stand 1.1.10)


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Renewable energies make electricity productionmore volatile

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

Day (January 2008)

Capacity in MW Daily min and max available wind capacity in Germany in January 2008

Scource: bdew



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Renewable energies make electricity productionmore volatile

Source: BDEW

Example: Demand and renewable input 2.10.08 7.10.08 in East-Germany

Netzlast und EEG-Einspeisung 02.10.08 - 07.10.08

0

20000

40000

60000

1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100 111 122 133 144

h

MW

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

/MWh

Ist-EEG

Netzlast

Band

Preis



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01.

05.2

009

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

01.

10.2

008

01.

11.2

008

01.

12.2

008

01.

01.2

009

01.

02.2

009

01.

03.2

009

01.

04.2

009

01.

06.2

009

01.

07.2

009

01.

08.2

009

01.

09.2

009

01.

10.2

009

01.

11.2

009

/ MWh

Times with negative prices increase

Tglicher Hchstpreis

Tglicher Tiefstpreis(rot falls negativ)

494.26

-500.02Source: Holger Gassner,RWE Innogy,Thorsten Schneiders, E.ON Climate&Renewables, Christoph Weienborn,BDEW


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Requirements for the future:Change of the Grids

Changes are required from a conventionalgrid to a new grid with:

1.Power Quality and Grid Management2.Wind energy and power plant scheduling3.Energy and Cost Management4.Energy and communication

5.Extension of the grid (Super grid)


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Energy supply structures are changing

Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISES, Kassel

Kohle Kernkraft Wasser

Hoch-

spannungs-netz

Mittel-spannungs-

netz

Nieder-

spannungs-netz

So far: conventionell gridCentral Large Power Plants

Designed for max. demand coverage

Constant tariffs no dependence on time of day

Clients are disconnected if required

No information at client sideabout grid impact

Strict Powerlimits for supplier

Hugh reserve margin required for unpredicted

grid equirements in case of power plant failure

Only one way control required


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Windpark

BZPV Wind BZPV KWK

Kohle Kernkraft Wasser

Future grids:

Additional decentralized supply

Demand coverage through trade

Tarifs are dependent on time of day

Demand and Supply optimisationthrough dialog and trade/pricing

Variable supply limits, dependingon actual grid load

Reserve margins reduced/

optimized through tradeBi-directional communicationand high information needs

Energy supply structures are changing



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Power

0 0 5 7 73

time

Decentralisedsupply

Consumer

ConventionellPower supply

Supply


Changing Supply and demand curves

Power-Quality- und Gridmanagement


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Predicted and observed (measured) wind power

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

07.07 08.07 09.07 10.07 11.07 12.07

Megawatts

prediction

observed

Wind energy and power plant schedulingare improved through forecast


Quality of windforecast todayIn Germany:

> 90% for48 h forecast

95% for3h forecast

=> EEX publishdaily wind and PVforecst for nextday


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Informationgrid

Power Grid

Effective Powwer (P)Effective Power (P) +

Reactive power compensation (cos ) + Reduction of distortion

Converter withFixed rotation:

Windpower

HydropowerRecipr. engines

P, cos , THDjP, cos , THDP, cos , THDP, cos , THDP jj

j

j

Fly wheelstoragewith bidirecc-

tionalConverters

Battery-storageswith bidirecc-tionalconverters

Converter withVariable rotation:

WindpowerHydropowerRecipr. enginesMicroturbines

Direct Converters

PhotovoltaikThermophoto-voltaicFuell Cells

Power-Quality- und Gridmanagement


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Source: Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, ISET, Kassel

Month Day

Price

Absatz

Price

Absatz

Variable Power Tariffs Power Trading floor Leipzig LPX EEX

Energy and Cost Management


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Requirements:Optimization of grid integration

Overhead lines: seasonal standards and/or temperaturemonitoring

New storage systems (e.g. compressed air energy storage

power plants) Improved forecast of load and wind generation

Betterfeed-in management

Establishment of an intraday market

Demand side management

System Service Bonus


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System Service Bonus

Past:

Wind turbines had to be shut off when grid stability problemsoccured

Conventional power plants have to ensure grid stability if not

enough renewables are online.

Present and future:

Windpower turbines are sophisticated and increasingly able toprovide system services to contribute to the stability of the grid.

They have to remain connected in case of grid stabilityproblems.


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Finally: Large and extensive capacity Building on alllevels is required to cope with the energy future

In Germany are more60 universities/cities,where you can studydifferent aspects ofRenewable energy and

Energy Efficiency

Map shows location ofActor in RE education fromGerman DGS RE group:

We meet once a year anddiscuss required academicissues in RE education..

Source: Prof. K. Vajen, DGS University Group, Kassel


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Thank you for your kind attention!

Prof. Dr.Ing. Christoph Menke

University of Applied Science, Trier, Germany

Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, Bangkok, Thailand

Senior Consultant for Renewable Energy Policy, GIZ GmbH, Germany

[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]

christoph menke - impact of pv and wind power to the grid

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