ci as a means to enhance competitiveness in africa adeline du toit university of johannesburg, south...
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CI AS A MEANS TO ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS IN AFRICA
Adeline du ToitUniversity of Johannesburg, South
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AGENDA
• Economic & political overview of Africa• Need for CI in Africa• Establishing a CI culture in Africa• CI practices in South Africa• Recommendations
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‘Africa is a myriad of people & ways. Africa is change. Africa is contradiction. Africa is not for sissies’
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BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN AFRICA
• Growth rate– 2003: 4,1%– 2004: 5,1%
• Return on equity on individual investments– 4 X higher than G-7 countries– 2 X higher than Asia
• Huge market potential– 850 million people
• Foreign direct investment– Political instability
• Quality and delivery requirements
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AFRICA IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
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NEED FOR CI
• CI fragmented• Nepad• Pressure to liberalize trade• Open up domestic markets to international competition
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CI CULTURE
• Awareness of CI• Culture of competitiveness• Zambia
– Client satisfaction• Morocco
– National CI System • Appropriate education about CI• South Africa: ‘gateway’ to Africa
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CI PRACTICES IN SA
• Competitiveness a topical issue• Strong case for CI as instrument to enhance competitiveness• Global competitive rankings
– 2003/2004: 42nd out of 102 economies– 2004/2005: 41st out of 102 economies
• Mid 1990s CI introduced• Growth not fast – few SCIP members• Inhibiting factors: cost, value difficult to assess• Forums established: SAACIP• CI Consultancies• Since 2000, CI awareness, practices increased• CI education
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CI IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
•Largest industry in South Africa
•Questionnaires sent to 108 enterprises (randomly drawn)
•78 respondents (72,2%) returned completed questionnaires
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CI ACTIVITIES
0
5
10
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1 person part-time1+ person part-time1 person full-timeCI department
CI integratedwith activities
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TECHNIQUES TO COLLECT DATA
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30
35
Aerial photographs
Observation
Attending tradeshows
Studyingadvertisements
Consult publishedsources
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INFORMATION SOURCES REGULARLY USED
05
10
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30
35
40
45
50Advertising
Annual reports
Collegial relationships
Conference reports
Customers
Distributors
Government departments
Internet
Newspapers
Suppliers
Trade journals
Trade shows
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TECHNIQUES TO ANALYZE INFORMATION
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5
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25 Five-forcesanalysis
Competitorprofiling
SWOT analysis
FinancialstatementanalysisBenchmarking
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CI DIVISION REPORT TO
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10
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60
MarketingdivisionStrategicplanning divisionManagingdirectorOther
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EFFECTIVENESS OF CI SYSTEMS
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10
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60
70
Insufficient
Sufficient
Excellent
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HOW CEOs VIEW CI
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Extremelyimportant
Very important
Somewhatimportant
Neutral
Unimportant
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OTHER FINDINGS
CEOs are regularly interviewed to understand their needs 12%
Use information that is transformed orally in organizational communication networks
50%
Company intranet is used to disseminate information 12%
Senior management is directly involved in the CI function 10.7%
Top management use information in decision making 87%
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CI IN SA COMPANIES
• Questionnaires to 2 462 companies• 120 (4,87%) questionnaires were received• Findings:
– Planning & focus OK (B)– Collection OK (B)– Analysis Bad (C-)– Communication Not good (C)– Process & structure Not good (C)– Awareness & culture OK (B)
– Viviers, Saayman & Muller, 2001
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RECOMMENDATIONS
• CI is necessary– More competition in global business environment.
• SA managers in general recognize need to better integrate CI in business processes
• CI as strategic management tool must form part of efforts to enhance competitive behaviour of African companies
• Commitment of government leaders in a CI campaign– Database on intelligence expertise– Publication of CI articles on government web sites– Professional organizations (SCIP, SAACIP)
• Co-operative ventures between African countries should be explored
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CONCLUSION
• SA dominates CI scene in Africa– Superior technology– Business knowledge– Information infrastructure– Financial strength
• Other African countries lack adequate CI capabilities• CI could enhance competitiveness in Africa• Benefit development efforts of African nations• Challenge to develop global competence• Educate governments about the importance of CI
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THANK YOU
• ‘Africa is the birth of mankind. Africa is the land of my ancestors … but I hardly know this place at all’.
– Teresa Carmichael, Managing diversity in Africa
• ‘Doing business in Africa will be a challenge but if one embraces the challenges then the opportunities are greater here than almost anywhere else’.
– John Luiz, Managing business in Africa