civil rights movement african american reactions to segregation llach

7/29/2019 Civil Rights Movement African American Reactions to Segregation Llach

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Civil Rights Movement

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2/21

African American Reactions to

Segregation

Important men during the Desegregation

Malcolm X Martin Luther King Jr.

Black Panthers


3/21

The Montgomery Bus Boycott

Four days after Brown, Bus drivers could no force

colored people to yield the seats to the whites.

The Mayor refused.

On December 1, 1996, Rosa Parks, took a seat on

the front part of the bus and didnt yield her seat

to a white man.

She was sent to jail and news of Parks arrest spreadrapidly. A bus boycott began and the NAACP chose

Martin Luther King Jr. to lead the group.


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Walking for Justice

On the night of December 5, 1955, Dr. King madethe following statement to a crowd between5,000 and 15,000 people.

There comes a time when people get tired of beingtrampled over by the iron feet of oppression. I wantit to be known that were going to work with grimand blood determination to gain justice on buses inthis city. And we are not wrong. If we are wrong

the Supreme Court of this nation is wrong. If we arewrong God Almighty is wrong If we are wrong

justice is a lie.


5/21

Walking for Justice

Kings speech brought people to their feet and

filled the audience with a sense of mission.

For 381 days, African-American people

refused to ride the buses in Montgomery.

Finally, in 1956, the Supreme Court outlawed

bus segregation.


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Martin Luther King and the SCLC

The bus boycott proved the world that the

African-American community could unite and

organize a successful protest movement.

It also proved the power of nonviolent resistance

and peaceful refusal to unjust laws

King called his brand of nonviolent resistance

soul force


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From the Grassroots Up

After the bus boycott ended, King joined a

group with ministers and civil rights leaders in

1957 to found the Southern Christian

Leadership Conference.

Its purpose was to carry on nonviolent crusades

against the evils of second-class citizenship


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SNCC

Student Nonviolent Coordinating committee

The SNCC adopted Kings ideas, and found astrategy to reshape the civil rights movement.

The SNCC made many sit-ins in which African-American students went to eat at a whites-only lunch counter. Many whites through food

and drinks at them, and when reporters cameto the scene, the true and ugly face of racismwas exposed.


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Martin Luther King Jr.

On October 14, 1964, King received the Nobel

Peace Prize for combating racial inequality

through nonviolence

He was also killed in April 4, 1968

His death followed by many riots in U.S.


10/21

Malcolm X

Born Malcolm Little

Father killed by white racists.

Mother had emotional collapse

Under care of the state

Quit school in 8th grade

Criminal activity and jailed at

age 20

Burglary


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Malcolm X

While in prison he studied Elijah Muhammad Nation of Islam (Black Muslims)

Changed his name to Malcolm X Dropped the slave name

Believed that whites were the cause of black problems Believed blacks should

separate from white society.

Advocated armed

self-defense Frightened whites

Resented by somemembers of Nation of Islam

because of the attention he got


12/21

Malcolm X

Split from Elijah Muhammad

Formed another Muslim organization

Went to Mecca

A tradition in the Islamic faith and an obligation in

more orthodox sects

New attitude towards whites

Ballots of bullets

Shot and killed on February 21, 1965


13/21

Malcolm X

Split from Elijah Muhammad

Formed another Muslim organization

Went to Mecca

A tradition in the Islamic faith and an obligation in

more orthodox sects

New attitude towards whites

Ballots of bullets

Shot and killed on February 21, 1965


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The Black Panther Party


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Background and Ideology

Oakland, CA

Oct. 1966

Huey Newton and Bobby Seale

Protection of black neighborhoods from policebrutality

Advocate of self sufficiency for black

communities, as well as full employment anddecent housing.

Black militantism


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Influences

Marxism

Followed a mix of marxism and black nationalism

Sold copies of Mao Zedongs writings

Got them in a lot of legal issues with the government

Malcolm X

They needed to become more independent from

white people Become a major influence

Ten Point Program


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Actions

Free Breakfast for Children Program Provided free breakfast only for black children

Inspired by Mao Zedongs writings

Located in the Oakland church.

Clothing Distribution

Education

Free medical clinics

Intercommunal Youth Institute Skill levels instead of grade levels

Children were given free clothes, medical checkups,food, and education


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Legal Persecution

Neighborhood Patrols Members of the BPP took turns in order to act as local guards

Violent confrontations Police raids

Shootouts

Internal conflicts

Huey Netwons incarceration death of Officer John Frey duringa traffic stop

Free Huey

FBI investigations of group members involving the use of illegaltactics.

Support in the ghettos does not end.


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20/21

Quiz

3. What did Malcolm X believeshould the blacks do?

a) Separate from whitesociety and form a blacksociety.

b) Hang all the whites

c) Move out of the UnitedStates

d) Help the Soviet Union

2. What was the organizationMalcolm X joined while inprison?

a) Nation of Christianity

b) Nation of Islamc) National Association for

the Advancement ofColored People (NAACP)

d) CCCP


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Quiz

4. What were two major entities that influenced theBlack Panthers in their ideologies?

a) Mao Zedong and Malcolm X

b) Marx and Obamac) Ernest Withers and Kennedy

d) Martin Luther King Jr. and Stokely Carmichael

5. Name two ways in which the Black Panthershelped their black community:

civil rights movement african american reactions to segregation llach

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