climate resilient technology rw
TRANSCRIPT
GrAT (Center for Appropriate Technology) TU Wien
Dr. Robert Wimmer
Managing Director/Chairman
Dr. Myung-Joo Kang
Project Manager
Low Carbon & Climate Resilient
Industrial Development:
Identified Opportunities
and Challenges
• Introduction of GrAT (Center for Appropriate Technology) TU Wien
• Activities in the LCCR project
• Technologies for climate recilience
• Priority issues across the countries
• Importance of assessment, measuring and monitoring
• Cost savings and carbon emissions calculation
• Preview: workshop for replication plan (Day 2)
Contents
Human needs and natural boundary conditions in the center of
technological developments
Technologies that allow sustainable development, improve resource
efficiency and mitigate environmental risks at the same time
Applicable both for developing and industrialized countries
Appropriate Technology
Expertise & Key ProjectsRenewable-based materials
Sustainable building
Straw bale insulation
Bio-polymer/ bio-composite
Straw bale building
“S-House”
Renewable energy
System solutionsfor sustainability
Product Service Systems (PSS)
for green business
Energy self sufficiency
“Zero Carbon Resorts”
Life Cycle Habitation
Resource efficiency & Cleaner productionGreen services
Design for Green Growth
TrainingSustainable industrial development of Nepal and Bhutan
Appropriate technology
Do-it-yourself solutions
“Zero Carbon Resorts”
Offices
Headquarter at
TU Vienna
AUSTRIA
Branch office in
Boeheimkirchen
Branch office in
Manila, the Philippines
Branch office in
Kathmandu, Nepal
Future Award federal gov. NÖ
Awards
National award for sustainability
and ArchitectureRio Award
Global 100 Eco-Tech Award
Japan
Energy Globe Award 2009 Energy Globe Award 2011
Global Human Settlements Award, NY
Low Carbon and Climate Resilient
Industrial Development - Phase III
Site visits
UNIDO general conference
Japan study tour
Technologies for Climate Resilience and Adaptation
technical measures and solutions to strengthen
(1) the capacity of companies to absorb stresses
imposed by climate change and maintain productive
functions,
and
(2) the capacity to adapt, renew, re-organize, and
develop desirable pathways and more sustainable
practices that help industries to better prepare for
future climate change impacts.
Common issues across the countries
• Agriculture, agri-business and agro-industries
- The share of all agribusiness and food-related
business in national GDP is typically around
20% in Africa (World Bank, 2013)
- “Agriculture and agribusiness together are
projected to be a US$ 1 trillion industry in Sub-
Saharan Africa (SSA) by 2030 (compared to US$
313 billion in 2010)” – World Bank, 2013
- The most vulnerable industry to climate
change risks
“The time has come for making African
agriculture and agribusiness a catalyst for
ending poverty,” says Makhtar Diop, World
Bank Vice President for Africa Region.
Byproduct filter cake, possible ingredient for
organic fertilizer
Bagasse waste –
the bagasse surplus is 250 tons/day
Biomass Boiler (Wood)
Outdated boiler
Kenya
Kenya
Recommended/existing technologies Relevance for climate resilience and adaptation
Tea More efficient withering blowers with VSD Electricity saving, better process control
Fuel feed, wood chipper Forest protection (less firewood)
Biomass (agricultural by-products and
residues) gasification
Forest protection (less firewood), resource efficiency: value
added product, Waste management
Sugar Sugarcane productivity, farmers training
(Corporate social responsibility)
Value chain improvement (upstream activities)
Pelleting or belt dryer for bagasse Renewable energy, energy self-sufficiency, excess energy
production, waste management
Partnership with Sugar Research Institute Value chain improvement (upstream activities)
Bio fertilizer (Bokashi) from by-products Resource efficiency: value added product, Waste
management, reduction of agro-chemical fertilizers
Improvement of soil quality (upstream activities)
Milk Biomass boiler (agricultural waste) Renewable energy, resource efficiency: value added
product
Collection and storage points for farmers +
a simple drying facility for agro products
(use of waste heat from the refrigerator)
Value chain improvement (upstream activities), better
product quality, resource efficiency: value added product,
energy management
More efficient cold storage, refrigerator Electricity saving, better product quality
Old and inefficient chillers
Discharge of pig blood in water
South Africa
South Africa
Recommended/existing technologies Relevance to climate resilience an adaptation
Juice More efficient cooling, refrigerator Electricity saving
Heat recovery for hot water, pipe insulation Electricity saving, better work environment
Maintenance of the strip freezer curtains Electricity saving, better product quality
Extraction of essential oil from citrus pulp Resource efficiency: value added product
Tracking / route planning system Fuel saving, Value chain improvement (upstream
activities)
High pressure washer Water saving
Alternative glue for labelling Water saving, electricity saving (hot water from
electric geysers)
Repaint the roof in white Better work environment, electricity (AC,
refrigeration) saving
Meat Ammonia based refrigeration Electricity saving
Heat recovery for hot water Electricity saving
Pigs’ blood (5-6,000 liters/day) and internal
organs (15 tons/day)
Resource efficiency: value added product, waste and
waste water management
Biogas from non-edible internal organs Renewable energy (methane)
Capacity increase of reed bed treatment Environmental protection
Self-made biomass burner
LPG dryer
Fish waste
Senegal
Senegal
Recommended/existing technologies Relevance to climate resilience and
adaptation
Fish Ice maker on site Fuel saving, reduction of GHG emission
Heat recovery from compressors Energy management
Use of fish wastes (40%), industrial symbiosis with
fish meal producer
Resource efficiency: value added product
Automatic water shut-off system at the filleting
station (e.g. a foot switch)
+ Rainwater harvesting
Water saving
Pipe insulation Electricity saving
CSR against shark fin drying in the area Biodiversity, sustainable fishing , Value chain
improvement (upstream activities)
Millet LPG burner � Solar dryer Renewable energy, better product quality
Low pressure extrusion machines Water saving
Improved biomass burner (gasifier) Renewable energy, reduction of GHG emission
Juice Biomass-gasifier combined with a oil-fired steam
boiler
Renewable energy
Bio char (fertilizer) production as by-product of
combustion
Resource efficiency: value added product
Heat recovery unit installed on one of the compressorsPeel: waste of pomegranate
Ventilator out of order
Egypt
Recommended/existing
technologies
Relevance to climate resilience and adaptation
Frozen
potato
fries
More efficient screw compressor Electricity saving
Heat recovery from a compressor Electricity/fuel saving, thermal energy
Ethanol production from potato waste Resource efficiency: value added product, waste management
Repaint the roof in white Better work environment, electricity (AC, refrigeration) saving
Effective use of exhaust fans Better work environment, electricity (AC, refrigeration) saving
Wastewater treatment on site Environmental protection
Poultry Ice maker (pre cooling water) Better product quality
Alternative to ice maker: CO2 cooling Compliance with ozone depleting refrigerant (mitigation), but
controversial
Waste Water Treatment (rotating
biological contactor, RBC)
Environmental protection
Egypt
Recommended/existing
technologies
Relevance to climate resilience and adaptation
Fresh
fruits
Processing fruits near the origin Better product quality, reduction of transportation volume,
Value chain improvement (upstream activities)
No use of ripening agents such as
ethylene
Environmental protection, better product quality
Heat recovery from compressors (hot
water)
Electricity/fuel saving
PV panels Renewable energy
Absorption chiller (using the waste
heat recovered from the compressors)
Electricity saving
Highly reflective roof coating Better work environment, electricity (AC, refrigeration) saving
By-product from pomegranate waste
(60-70%)
Resource efficiency: value added product
Egypt
Common Findings
• Extensive use of steam boilers, compressors for refrigeration,
diesel generator
• Outdated facilities (e.g. boiler installed in 1976/ compressor
chillers since 1978)
• High energy costs (diesel, furnace oil, electricity) more than
50% of total cost
• Environmental degradation (firewood, fossil fuel)
• High potential of industrial symbiosis (agricultural waste for
energy production, value-added products)
• Awareness?
• Motivation
- To lower the fixed cost, mostly energy cost
- Compliance with rules and regulations (e.g. BOD of waste
water)
Assessment, measuring and monitoring
are important for…
• Verification of the baseline
• Verification of the effectiveness of implemented technical
measures
• Computation of Return of Investment (cost savings)
• Computation of carbon savings
• Replication and upscaling
• Selection of beneficiaries for financial support
• Evaluation of policy measures (rules, regulations, subsidy) and
financial measures (e.g. loan, green investment)
• Current practice, consumption,
• Quantitative information
-> Benchmark for measuring project success or failure, for all
future activities
Solar Water Heater in Bhutan
Red: T thermal fluid at the top of the solar absorber
Green: T of the thermal fluid returning from the thermal tank
Blue: T of the heated water for use
If the hot water is used cautiously, warm water at 30°C can be stored to be used next morning.
“Metering Campaign”
• Industries are required to keep records of all utility consumption, in order to sense leakage, and act in time.
• Correcting/ checking the equipment installed for metering every 6 months e.g. water meter, power logger
• Need to set quantitative goals in comparison to the current consumption (baseline data)
• National meteorology data into international online computation sites
Estimation of cost savings
Kenya
Reduction of air volume Potential savings in power consumption
10% � Approximately 27%
20% � Approximately 49%
30% � Approximately 65%
• Technological solution to be installed:
More efficient withering blowers with VSD from Taiyo
• Estimated power savings:
Energy Prices and specifications (Historical averages)*
Electricity 9.45 KSh/ kWh
Demand Charge 800.00 KSh/kVA/month
Fixed charge 2000.00 KSh /month
Actual electricity cost 18.47 KSh/kWh
* Data from Energy Audit Report Sept 2016
Return of Investment (RoI)
Electricity consumption (kWh/year) 1,904,400 kWh/year
Electricity consumption for the
withering process
Up to 60% (=1,142,600 kWh/year)
If air volume is reduced by 30% Approximately 65% electricity will be
saved. (saving: 742,700 kWh/year)
Electricity price 9.45 KSh/kWh
Cost savings 7,018,700 KSh/year
Electricity consumption for the
withering process will become 27%.
Actual electricity price 18.47 KSh/kWh
Cost savings 13,718,000 KSh/year
Investment 79,200 USD (= 8,011,300 KSh)
1) Electricity price 9.45 KSh/kWh � 1.14 years of RoI
2) Actual electricity price 18.47
KSh/kWh �
0.58 years of RoI (7 months)
• Computation of cost savings:
Estimation of cost savings
• Technological solution to be installed:
More efficient cooling (refrigerator)
Heat recovery for hot water by Mayekawa
South Africa
Compressor Nr. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Voltage (V) 3-phase 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
Frequency (Hz) 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
MCC (maximum
continuous current) (I) 36 36 36 12 12 6.2 6.2
Nominal cooling capacity (kW)
according to manufacturers 35 35 35 11.2 11.2 9.9 9.9
cos φ (PF) - assumed 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.87 0.87 0.85 0.85
Input Power (rated) (kW) 22.4 22.4 22.4 7.2 7.2
3.7 (3.4
according to the
manufacturer)
3.7 (3.4
according to the
manufacturer)
COP 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56
2.68
(2.94 according
to the
manufacturer)
2.68
(2.94 according
to the
manufacturer)
Currently operated chillers
Return of Investment (RoI)
• Estimated power savings:Total cooling capacity of six chillers 112.2 kW (as one of the chillers 1/2/3
remains as a reserve)
Total electric power input 66.6 kW
Annual electric energy use for
chilling
525,100 kWh at an (assumed) power-
on time of 90%
Annual costs 945,000 ZAR (South African Rand)
based on the assumption that
electricity costs about 1.8 ZAR/kWh
The efficient cooling device: overall
COP
4.07
Cooling capacity of new chillers 115.3 kW at 28.3 kW input power
Total annual electric power for
chilling
223,000 kWh (with the same
assumption of power-on time of 90%)
Difference:301,957 kWh
Cost savings�
543,500 ZAR (approximately 43,500
USD)
ROI 2 years
CO2 emissions depend on energy mix
CO2 emissions from electricity and heat production, total (% of total fuel combustion) https://knoema.com/WBWDIGDF2017Sep/world-development-indicators-wdi?tsId=1897390
� another reason to think holistically and to develop integrated national policy
framework. Also, learn from each other.
Thank you!
Dr. Robert Wimmer
Dr. Myung-Joo (MJ) Kang