climatic changes in south brazilian amazonia (alta floresta/mt, são benedito/pa): a comparision...
TRANSCRIPT
CLIMATIC CHANGES IN SOUTH BRAZILIAN AMAZONIA
(Alta Floresta/MT, São Benedito/PA): A COMPARISION BETWEEN LAND
USE CHANGE AND PALEOCLIMATIC RECORDS.
Renato de Aragão Ribeiro Rodrigues
Orientador: Dr. Renato Campello Cordeiro
Co-orientador: Dr. Bruno Jean Turcq
PALEOCLIMATIC STUDIES
Adaptaded from Ruddiman, 2001
PALEOCLIMATIC RECORDS
CO2 and Temperature
2005
“Business as Usual”(fossil intensive)
2100
CO2 and Temperature
Turcq et al., 2002
CSS2
Levoglucosan – Study case
Elias et al., 2001
Biomass burning –
dryer periods
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES
CO2: LGM 180-200 ppmv Before Industrial Revolution 280 ppmv 1958 315 ppmv 2006 384 ppmv
1850–1980 90 – 120 Gt C (Forest fires)
165 Gt C (Fossil fuel)
Burning of fossil fuel 5,6 Gt C.ano-1
Biomass burning 2,4 Gt C.ano-1
Biomass burning could had influenced the atmospheric CO2 in the past.
Source: Keeling, 2005
7000-1000 years BP:
25 ppmv CO2 concentration.
Input of ~ 260 Gt C
to the atmosphere. Origin?
H1: Only variations in biomass burning;
H2: Biomass burning + SST
H3: CaCO3 cycle.
H4: Corg sea cycle
Land biomass
Indermuhle et al., 1999 Nature
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
C a lib ra d a AP
Pa rtic u la s. ,c m .yr
Ro ra im a Do m He lvé c i (M G )
-2 -1
1 5 7 1 2 3 4
1 0 1 0 1 0
3 1 2 3 1 0
4 23
Pa rtic u la s. c m .yr Pa rtic u la s. c m .yr-2 - 1
-2 -1
Ta ylo r Do m e Antá rtid a
- 6.7 - 6.5 - 6.3 C C O p p m
1 3
2
260 27 0 28 0 290 2 4 666 810
4
Pa rtic u la s. c m .yr-2 -1
Sa o G a b rie l (AM )oCarajás (PA)
Forest fires in the Holocene were recorded by charcoal fragments in many sites in Brazil. The hypothesis that these holocenic events would be related to a global carbon cycle is noted by the relation with the Taylor Dome Ice Core.
Comparision between the charcoal particles fluxes in N4 lake, Serra Norte dos Carajás (Cordeiro, 1995), lake Caracaranã, RR (Simões Filho, 2000), lake Dom Helvécio, MG (Albuquerque, 1998) e Pata lake, AM (Mendes, 2004).
Amazonic Climatic Changes during the Holocene
Lower and middle Holocene: Dry phase!
- Savanas expansion in RO and AM (Pessenda et al., 1998; de Freitas et al., 2001).
- Forest fires between 7000 and 3000 yr BP in Pará (Turcq et al., 1998);
- Savanas pollen and fires in Bolívia (Mayle et al., 2000);
- Titicaca – 8500 and 4500 yr BP – the dryest period of the last 25000 yr BP (Baker et al., 2001);
- This dry phase (8500 and 4500 yr BP) was recorded in many others South American sites:
- Carajás (Absy, 1991 e Cordeiro, 1995); - Magdalena Cauca-San Jorge, Colômbia (Van der Hammen, 1991); - Lago La Yeguada, Panamá (Bush et al., 1992); - Lago Ayauch, Equador (Bush e Colinvaux, 1988)
Upper Holocene: Wetter phase.
- Expansion of the forest (Mayle et al., 2004)
- Precipitation increases in Bolivian “Chaco” (palinological studies). (Mayle et al., 2004);
- Smaller charcoal concentrations in Carajás, PA (Turcq et al., 1998);
The carbon reservoir in Amazonia in this period was the biggest of the last 21000 yr BP. (Behling, 2001)
Hypothesys:
- The middle holocene dry phase extended until the south Amazonia.
- There is a conexion between a possible dry phase in this study area with the CO2 increase in Taylor Dome, Antartica.
- The biomass burning events in the Holocene produced smaller impacts than the land use change (in the present).
Major Objective
Identificate the occurence and dimensions of forest fires, by sediment cores in lakes and dams in the Alta Floresta region in different time scales.
Alta Floresta (MT) - Land use change events
Results
0,0E+00
2,5E+05
5,0E+05
7,5E+05
1,0E+06
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
Idades calendário (AC/DC)
N°
of
char
coal
par
ticu
les
flu
x (n
°/cm
²/yr
)
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
Pro
du
to In
tern
o B
ruto
Bra
sile
iro
(x
10*3
)
Fluxo de Partículas de Carvão
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
Ror M
ed
Ror M
ax
LP L
GM
CSS93/6
méd
ia
PV úm
ido
LP A
pLG
M
LP A
nLG
M
LP m
édia
PV Sec
o
CSS93/6
atu
al
CSN 93/
3 HS
CSN 93/
3 at
ual
CSN 93/
3 HM
CSN 93/
3 HS
PV méd
ia
CSN 93/
3 m
ax
CSS93/6
max
HS
CSS93/2
atu
al
Saci m
édia
PV máx
imo
em M
aio
CSS 93/
2 m
édia
CSS93/6
max
CSS 93/
2 HS
AF IC
CSS 93/
2 HM
AF m
édia
Saci m
ax
CSS93/2
max
AF m
áxim
o
(n°/
cm²/
ano
)
Mudanças no uso da terra
Mudanças paleoambientais
Deposição atmosférica
Charcoal particles fluxes
Land Use Change
Paleoclimate Changes
Atmospheric Deposition
What do we want?
Increase the date base about the biomass burning proxies in different time scales;
Determinate the cronology of changes between dry and wet phases, linkage with the CO2 increase in Taylor Dome and the charcoal fluxes in Amazonia and Atlantic Forest.
Thanks!