cocos malays' dwelling culture (research proposal)

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

THE COCOS MALAYS: THE JOURNEY FROM COCOS

(KEELING) ISLAND TO SABAH AND THE CULTURAL

AFFILIATION IMPACT ON THEIR DWELLING CULTURE.

PREPARED BY:

NURUL AIN BINTI OSRI

G 1421308

SUPERVISOR:

ASST. PROF. DR. NOOR AZIAH BINTI MOHD. ARIFFIN

CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION

• RESEARCH BACKGROUND

• LITERATURE REVIEW

• TIMELINE

• DEFINITIONS

• PROBLEM STATEMENT

• AIM AND OBJECTIVES

• RESEARCH QUESTIONS

• RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

A tear-drop shaped coral atoll in the centre of the Indian Ocean, an

opal in a sea of deepest blue, a tiny 14 sq km of land – truly, just a

“drop in the ocean”.

A diary entry by Pauline Bunce on her first

arrival at Cocos, 26th January 1982.

The Cocos Islands today gives little hint of their colourful past, their human

dramas and tragedies or the different rulers who controlled them.

From 1st settlement in 1826 by English merchant Alexander Hare, then,

under the Clunies-Ross dynasty, most island inhabitants had little freedom

or contact with the outside world.

After several years, in order to find a better life, the Cocos’s people started

to emigrate to other places i.e. West Australia, Singapore, Malaya, North

Borneo .

RESEARCH BACKGROUND The islanders life were controlled by the

ruler (Clunies Ross dynasty).

Up until the 1950s, the houses were

constructed with local building materials.

Currently, it was developed based on the family

living pattern and community desires

In 1950s, the first community of the

Cocos’s people, emigrated to North Borneo and

built their settlements in Tawau.

Along with them, they brought their unique

culture.

The origin and history of this minor ethnic

remain unclear in the history.

Thus, the focus of this study is to

investigate the journey of Cocos Malays from

Cocos (Keeling) Island to Sabah and how does

the culture affiliation influencing their current

dwelling culture.

Above: Cocos (keeling) Island Map

Source: Western Australia Now

and Then, 2015

Right: Travel Map of Cocos

(Keeling) Island.

Source: University of Texas

Libraries, 2013

LITERATURE REVIEW

Cocos (Keeling) Island Overview

Independence none (territory of Australia)

Nationality Cocos Islander

Population

(July 2014 est.)596 people

Climate Tropical with high humidity

Location/ Size Southeastern Asia, group of islands in the Indian

Ocean.

Southwest of Indonesia, about halfway between

Australia and Sri Lanka. / 14 sq km

Capital West Island

Language Malay (Cocos dialect), English

Ethnic Groups Europeans and Cocos Malays

Religions (2002 est.) Sunni Muslim (80 per cent), others (20per cent)

TIMELINE

1609

• Captain William Keeling (English’s merchant) exploring the East for the East India company.

• He discovers the Cocos Atoll during one of his voyages from Java to England.

1825

• Captain John Clunies Ross (Scottish trader) lands on the islands. His order are to investigate Christmas Island for settlement.

• Bad weather prevents these plans but he surveys the Cocos-Keeling Islands, digs wells and plants fruit trees.

1826

• Alexander Hare (British merchant) and a group of his slaves are brought to the islands by Robert Clunies Ross (brother of John).

• Hare sets up the first settlement on Home Island (then called Goose Island)

TIMELINE

1827

• John Clunies Ross and party arrive and settle on Pulau Gangsa(now the cemetery).

• But, later move to South Island due to tension with Hare.

1831

• Increasing disputes between Alexander Hare and John CluniesRoss lead Hare to travel back to Batavia.

• John Clunies Ross assumes control of the islands.

1834

• Hare dies in Java.

• John Clunies Ross moves to Home Island and takes over Hare’s operations.

TIMELINE

1836

• John Clunies Ross travels to Mauritius to seek British annexation of the islands.

1854

• John Clunies Ross dies.

• John George Clunies Ross takes over.

1857

• Captain Fremantle arrives to annex the islands for Britain, but makes a mistake as he was supposed to annex the Cocos Islands in the Andaman Group.

• This means that John George Clunies Ross is designated as governor of Cocos.

TIMELINE

1871

• John George Clunies Ross dies.

• George Clunies Ross assumes control over the CocosSettlement.

1910

• George Clunies Ross returns to the UK and dies on the Isle of Wight (his body is later reburied on Home Island).

• His son John Sidney Clunies Ross assumes control of CocosIslands.

1944• John Sidney Clunies-Ross dies.

TIMELINE

1946

• John Sidney Clunies-Ross’s widow returns to Cocos with her son John Cecil Clunies-Ross.

1949• John Cecil Clunies-Ross commences as ruler of Cocos Islands.

1951

• The Australian Government purchases 367 acres for an aerodrome on West Island.

• The emigration of Cocos Malays started - they came to LahadDatu to plant tobacco.

DEFINITIONS

• JOURNEYAn act of travelling from one place to another. (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015)

• MIGRATIONMigration is the movement of people from one place in the world to another for the

purpose of taking up permanent or semi permanent residence, usually across a

political boundary. (National Geography Society, 2005).

• EMIGRATIONEmigration is the act of leaving one's native country with the intent to settle

elsewhere. It is an act of migration across national boundaries.

(Oxford Dictionaries, 2015)

• CULTURAL AFFILIATIONA relationship of shared group identity which can be traced historically.

(National Park Service, 2013)

DEFINITIONS

• DWELLING CULTURE

- Dwelling (Persian language): A place for getting tranquility and residence, and it is

called to a place which a human lives in it. (Shadab Shidfar, 2013)

- Dwelling compound is a built environment which is customarily enclosed by a wall or

a hedge. (Oliver, 1997).

- Culture: The societal customs, myth, ideas and values of the people.

(Livin H. Mosha, 2012).

- Dwelling culture is a set of knowledge embedded in the process of living

phenomenon with an affiliation of cultural and socio-economic involvements for a

particular society. (Livin H. Mosha, 2012).

- A part of common culture is only a framework for scientific research, a method to

analyze the elements that compile it, useful and successful method to study identity

of housing architecture. (Igor Kalcic)

PROBLEM STATEMENTS

• The lack of research on the dwelling culture of Cocos Malays in

Sabah after the emigration from Cocos (Keeling) Island.

• There is a gap on understanding the Cocos Malays journey from

Cocos (Keeling) Island to North Borneo and the cultural affiliation

impact on their current dwelling culture.

Pauline Bunce (1988) has discussed:

1. History has recorded much about the founder, Alexander Hare and the

settlement by Clunies Ross family.

2. A very little cultural practices and traditions have been recorded - either

now or in the past.

3. Housing design has recently changed throughout the years.

4. Elements of English-Scottish have been absorbed into Cocos Malays

cultural practices. (Asmah Hj. Omar, 2008)

RESEARCH QUESTIONS &

OBJECTIVES

AIM RESEARCH OBJECTIVE RESEARCH QUESTION

This research is aimed to

study the journey of the

Cocos Malay from Cocos

(Keeling) Island to North

Borneo and the cultural

affiliation impact on their

dwelling culture.

To investigate the journey of

Cocos Malays from Cocos

(Keeling) Island to North

Borneo.

What are the factors that

influenced the emigration of

Cocos Malays to North

Borneo?

To analyze the dwelling

culture of Cocos Malays

before and after the

emigration to the North

Borneo.

What are the differences in

the dwelling culture before

and after the emigration?

To justify the factors that

influencing the current

dwelling culture of Cocos

Malays.

How far the culture

affiliation influencing the

present dwelling culture of

Cocos Malays?

RESEARCH DESIGN

PRELIMINARY STUDY

DEVELOPMENT OF TOPIC

(Problem statement and Identification of issues and problems)

FORMULATING IDEAS

(Formulation of aim, objectives and scope of study)

METHODOLOGY

(Formulation of methodology for the research )

DATA COLLECTION

(Fieldwork in Sabah-Perkampungan Orang Cocos)

PRIMARY DATA

• In-depth interview

• Observation (Non

Participatory)

• Measured Drawing

SECONDARY DATA

•Books

•Journal/Articles/Reports

•Internet resources

DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

•Content/document analysis

•Qualitative data analysis

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

Stage 5

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

OBJECTIVES SAMPLE METHODS TOOLS

To investigate the

journey of Cocos Malays

to North Borneo. Population:

Cocos Malays.

Sample:

1. Original born in

Cocos.

2. Born in transit to

Sabah.

3. Born in Sabah-

(parents born in

Cocos).

4. Born in Sabah-

(father/mother born in

Cocos).

- Literature Review

- In-depth Interview

- Interview

schedules and

questions.

To analyze the dwelling

culture of Cocos Malays

before and after the

emigration to North

Borneo.

- Literature Review

- In-depth interview

- Non Participatory

Observation

(photography &

videography)

-Measured Drawing

- Interview

schedules &

questions.

- Observation

checklists

-camera, video

camera

-LDM, measuring

tape

To justify the factors that

influencing the current

dwelling culture of

Cocos Malays.

-Literature Review

-In-depth interview

- Non Participatory

Observation

(photography &

videography)

- Interview

schedules &

questions.

- Observation

checklists

- camera, video

camera

PROCEDURE

SECONDARY DATA

Library search on literature review and

documentation

Download from official web of related

agencies

PRIMARY DATA

Development of in-depth interview

and structure questions

Development of criteria and checklist

for evaluation and observation

purposes

Review and revise interview questions

and observation checklist based on the

supervisors input

Pilot test and amend based on

preliminary result

Embark on the interview and

observation session DATA MANAGEMENT

DATA COLLECTION PROCEDUREDATA COLLECTION PROCEDURE

GANTT CHART

TIMELINE

PROJECT ACTIVITIES J F M A M J J O S O N D J F M A M J J O S O N D J F M

(February - June)

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

1. Literature review

2. Write up

3. Proposal Defense

4. Proposal approved

INTRODUCTION

1. Chapter 1 write up

2. Chapter 1 approved

LITERATURE REVIEW





(June - August)

RESEARCH METHODOLODY

1. Literature review/ observation

2. Prepare observation checklist

3. Prepare interview schedules and

questions.

4. Prepare list of respondents

5. Approved

2015 2016 2017

SEM 2

SEM 3

TIMELINE


(September - January)

RESEARCH METHODOLODY



COLLECTION OF DATA

1. Feedbacks compiled


DATA ANALYSIS

1. Analysis of data



(February - June)

DATA ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION






6. Edit and formatting

20172015 2016

SEM 1

SEM 2

TIMELINE


(June - August)

SUBMISSION

1. Final draft proofread

2. Final draft approved

3. Submit to examiner

4. Corrections made

5. Send for binding

6. Submit

20172015 2016

SEM 3

SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

• Knowledge:

-To document the anthropology of The Cocos

Malays in Sabah.

-The content is useful for the existing and the

future development of Cocos Malays dwelling

culture in Sabah.

EXPECTED FINDINGS

At the end of the study, it is expected that:

-The findings illustrate the actual scenario of the history and dwelling culture of Cocos Malays.

- Dwelling culture that is in existence currently is a result of the cultural affiliation through the process of migration.

REFERENCESBunce, P. (1988). The Cocos (Keeling) Islands. Australian Atolls in the Indian Ocean.

Australia: The Jacaranda Press.

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods

Approaches. California: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Kalcic, I. Today's Dwelling Culture as Result of Inherited Principles, Customs and Needs.

Conference on Vernacular Architecture.

Mosha L. H. (2012). Imposition of Architectural and Spatial Planning Concepts into Local

Dwelling Culture. Prime Journal.

O'Leary, Z. (2010). The Essential Guide to Doing Your Research Project. London: SAGE

Publications Ltd.

Omar, A. H. (2008). The Malays in Australia. Language, Culture, Religion. Kuala Lumpur:

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

REFERENCES

Pauline Bunce, P. H. (1993). Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling). Masyarakat Melayu di

Australia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan

Malaysia.

Raymundo Campos-Vazquez. (2012). The Development and Fiscal Effects of Emigration

on Mexico. (Mosha, 2012)

Shadab Shidfar. (2013). The Different Between Dwelling and Home in Architecture. IJCSI

International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 10, Issue 4, No 2.

Visocnik, N. (2015). A house - Space of Identity.

Wan Hashim Wan Teh, A. H. (1999). Rumpun Melayu Australia Barat. Bangi: Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia.

cocos malays' dwelling culture (research proposal)

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