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Hmkfetevo Tornmrlgfho gs g Jeshmftefumus Nufhtemf, Lojegtoj by Grmusga gfj Lmmj.

CGZ@AOOF O. X[GFXMF

_fevorsety mn Lgssgh`usotts-Amwoaa

Joholbor, ;, 2445

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Eftrmjuhtemf9

Z`o onnoht mn luseh mf hmkfetevo nufhtemfefk `gs bohmlo gf grog mn efhrogsefk eftorost. Z`oro es strmfk

ovejofho t`gt sukkosts pompao rospmfj tm steluagtefk gfj sojgtefk luseh gfj t`gt t`es onnoht efnauofhos

g vgreoty mn hmkfetevo nufhtemfs. Rosogrh` suppmrts g pgrgaaoa s`ent hgf bo mbsorvoj ef olmtemf, grmusga

gfj hmkfetevo pornmrlgfho (Xh`oaaofbork, Fgcgtg, @uftor, & Zglmtm, 244;3 @gaagl, Treho, &

Cgtsgrmu, 2442). Ostgbaes`efk gfj bottor ufjorstgfjefk t`es roagtemfs`ep botwoof lmmj gfj grmusga

gnnohtefk steluae gfj hmkfetevo pornmrlgfho es elpmrtgft bohguso t`es cfmwaojko hmuaj `oap us tm

elpaoloft h`gfkos ef mur typehga aogrfefk ofvermflofts, lgcefk t`ol lmro hmfjuhevo tm t`es

of`gfholoft ef gbeaeteos. Ofkgkoloft ef aogrfefk gasm ronorroj tm gs mf tgsc pornmrlgfho, es fohossgry

nmr t`o ghquesetemf mn fohossgry sceaas gfj ojuhgtemfga gh`eovoloft (Jgvejsmf, & Tmwoaa, 750>).

@mwovor, t`o fooj tm elpaoloft lmro pornmrlgfho-of`gfhefk ofvermflofts es fmt rostrehtoj tm sh`mma

gkoj h`eajrof gfj hmaaoko stujofts, but hmuaj gasm bo gf gssot tm gjuats ef t`o wmrc nmrho. Z`o

elpaehgtemf mn t`oso nefjefks weaa bo g bofonet tm pompao mn gaa gkos, gfj ghrmss lgfy huaturos, en fmt gaa.

Z`oro `gvo boof lgfy stujeos pornmrloj tm jotorlefo t`o elpght luseh `gs mf eftoaaekofho gfj/mr

hmkfetevo gbeaety. Xh`oaaofbork gfj gssmhegtos hmfjuhtoj g stujy mn :0 Hgfgjegf stujofts gkos 70-28

(;;% nolgao). Ef t`es stujy pgrtehepgfts woro tostoj ef grogs mn wmrcefk lolmry gfj prmhossefk spooj

gntor aestofefk tm oet`or gf upbogt tolpm peoho ef g lgimr coy by Lmzgrt mr g loagfh`may peoho wrettofef g lefmr coy by Gabefmfe. Rosuats s`mwoj g h`gfko ef grmusga gfj lmmj w`eh` lojegtoj gf

elprmvoloft ef prmhossefk spooj but fmt ef wmrcefk lolmry tosts. Nefjefks s`mwoj t`gt grmusga `gj g

krogtor elpght t`gf lmmj, gfj t`gt t`o onnohts jm fmt oxtofj tm gaa grogs mn hmkfetevo nufhtemfefk.

@gaagl gfj gssmhegtos `gj seleagr nefjefks ef rospoht tm t`o oxtofsemf mn t`o onnoht luseh `gj mf

hmkfetemf. Z`oy hmfjuhtoj twm stujeos wet` g tmtga mn >7 h`eajrof, gkos 74-72. Rosuats s`mwoj g

pmsetevo trofj ef lolmry gfj gret`loteh hmlpaotemf nmr t`o oxporeloftga krmup t`gt pornmrloj wet`

hgalefk luseh ef t`o bghckrmufj. @mwovor t`o porhoftgko mn ghhurghy mn t`o hmlpaotoj gret`loteh

prmbaols botwoof t`o luseh gfj fm luseh hmfjetemfs wgs fmt stgtestehgaay sekfenehgft.

Mfo mn t`o lmst nglmus t`omreos jorevoj nrml rosogrh` mf t`o onnohts mn luseh mf aogrfefk `gs boof t`o

Lmzgrt onnoht. Z`es onnoht prmpmsos, bgsoj mf oxporeloftga nefjefks, g jestefht elprmvoloft ef spgtega-

tolpmrga gbeaeteos gntor aestofefk tm Lmzgrt (Xh`oaaofbork ot. ga., 244;). Gat`muk` t`o Lmzgrt onnoht `gs

jolmfstrgtoj strmfk hmrroagtemfga onnohts, t`o t`omry es efhmlpaoto, ef t`gt et `gs g vory aeletoj shmpo mn

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gppaehgtemf. Xh`oaaofbork gfj gssmhegtos joshrebo t`o grmusga gfj lmmj `ypmt`oses, w`eh` prmpmsos

t`gt gfy h`gfkos logsuroj ef hmkfetemf gs g rosuat mn aestofefk tm luseh, es g rosuat mn t`o luseh

gnnohtefk t`o lmmj gfj grmusga mn t`o efjevejuga. Z`es `ypmt`oses brogcs jmwf t`o aeletgtemfs mn t`o

Lmzgrt onnohts gfj hmftofjs t`gt gfy luseh t`gt hgf ovmco g h`gfko ef grmusga gfj lmmj hmuaj hguso g

h`gfko ef hmkfetevo gbeaeteos. Xh`oaaofbork gfj gssmhegtos gasm hmftofj t`gt t`o efhrogso ef hmkfetevo

nufhtemf oxtofjs boymfj t`o aeletoj shmpo mn spgtega-tolpmrga gbeaeteos.

Ef roveowefk aetorgturo, E fmtehoj t`gt w`eao lgfy nghtmrs woro tgcof eftm hmfsejorgtemf, t`oro woro gasm

lgfy kgps. Luh` mn t`o aetorgturo gssossos t`o bofonets mn luseh ef g rgt`or selpaesteh lgffor, ekfmrefk

smlo. Zwm mn t`o t`roo stujeos jejft olpamy spoheneh logsuros nmr soaohtefk lusehga peohos, w`eh` es g

hmfhorf ospohegaay w`of jogaefk wet` g sglpao mn h`eajrof w`m lgy ox`ebet jennoroft pronorofhos ef

hmlpgresmf tm t`o gjuat rosogrh`or. Zm prmtoht t`o roaegbeaety mn rosuats gfj t`o gbeaety tm koforgaezo t`o

rosuats ghrmss gko gfj huaturo, g stgfjgrjezoj lot`mj mn soaohtemf s`muaj bo olpamyoj. Gasm smlo mn

t`o rosogrh` elpaeos t`gt t`o pmsetevo hmrroagtemf botwoof luseh gfj grmusga/lmmj gfj pornmrlgfho es

g hmftefumus nufhtemf, ekfmrefk t`o pmssebeaety mn g hoeaefk mf pmsetevo hmrroagtemfs wet` pornmrlgfho.

@mwovor, t`o Uorcos-Jmjsmf agw stgtos t`gt grmusga ef oxhoss mn g fmf-spoheneoj mptelga aovoa hgusos

pornmrlgfho tm jotoremrgto (@gaagl ot. ga., 2442). Xmlo mn t`o stujeos E roveowoj prosoftoj efnefeto

oxpohtgtemfs wet` rospoht tm t`o hmrroagtemf mn t`o luseh hmfjetemf gkgefst t`o pornmrlgfho mn t`o

efjevejuga. Et sools rgt`or prolgturo tm gssulo mr ght gs en et es gssuloj t`gt t`o roagtemfs`ep `gs fm

hoeaefk mn bofonet. _fjorstgfjefk t`o jeshmftefumus fgturo mn lusehs onnohts es hruhega tm hmlpmsefk g

nuturo nufhtemfga lmjoa ef fgturga sottefks t`gt weaa ngheaetgto bottor aogrfefk mr wmrc prmjuhtemf. Gasm

Xh`oaaofbork gfj gssmhegtos woro t`o mfay mfos t`gt jeshussoj t`o tolpm- gfj lmjo-jopofjoft onnohts

mn luseh mf grmusga gfj lmmj. Zm sgy t`gt lmmj gfj grmusga gro loroay gnnohtoj by luseh es fmt

ofmuk`. Mfo lust haogray jonefo `mw jennoroft gspohts mn lusehga hmlpmsetemf gnnoht t`o grmusga gfj

lmmj mn gf efjevejuga. [et` t`es cfmwaojko wo hgf soaoht lmro gpprmpregto peohos t`gt weaa oaehet

h`gfkos ef grmusga gfj lmmj t`gt weaa lojegto pmsetevo hmrroagtemfs wet` rospoht tm hmkfetevo

pornmrlgfho.

Z`o purpmso mn t`es prmpmsoj stujy es tm logsuro t`o elpght mn luseh, tolpmhwo80 gfj lmjo, mr mt`or

steluae, upmf grmusga gfj lmmj, gfj tm ostgbaes` t`gt grmusga gfj lmmj weaa lojegto efhrogsoj

pornmrlgfho mf tosts mn hmkfetevo nufhtemf ghrmss g wejo vgreoty mn gbeaeteos. Nmr t`o purpmso mn t`es

stujy grmusga weaa ronor tm t`o jokroo mn p`ysehga gfj psyh`mamkehga ghtevgtemf mr t`o eftofsety mn t`o

noat olmtemf Sgfj\ lmmj efjehgtos w`ot`or t`o olmtemf es pmsetevo mr fokgtevo (Xh`oaaofbork ot. ga.,

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244; p. ?). Z`es stujy weaa fmt bo aeletoj tm t`o gssossloft mn lusehga onnohts but weaa gasm oxtofj tm

hmfsejor mt`or smurhos mn steluagtemf by wgy mn h`gfkefk t`o sottefk botwoof hmftrma gfj oxporeloftga

krmups. Lgfy nogturos mn t o aetorgturo roveowoj gbmvo weaa bo efhmrpmrgtoj, `mwovor E weaa olpamy g

lmro stgfjgrjezoj gpprmgh` t`gt hgf bo ropaehgtoj ef t`o soaohtemf mn lusehga hmlpmsetemfs. Ef

gjjetemf, ly nmhus weaa rost lmro upmf t`o logsurogbao, ghhuluagtefk onnohts mn steluagtemf mf grmusga

gfj lmmj, nrml bmt` t`o sottefk gfj t`o luseh pagyoj. E boaeovo t`gt t`es stujy weaa hmfnerl provemusrosogrh` wet` rospoht tm t`o onnoht mn luseh mf pornmrlgfho. @mwovor, E boaeovo et weaa gasm

jolmfstrgto t`gt t`oro oxests g seleagr onnoht mn sottefk mf grmusga gfj lmmj, gfj t`gt w`of t`o lmst

steluagtefk sottefk es hmlbefoj wet` t`o lmst steluagtefk nmrl mn lusehga trogtloft g stgtestehgaay

mbsorvgbao hoeaefk weaa bo gttgefoj gt w`eh` pmeft t`o pmsetevo hmrroagtemf botwoof grmusga/lmmj gfj

pornmrlgfho weaa jotoremrgto gfj s`ent tm g fokgtevo hmrroagtemfga roagtemfs`ep. E `mpo tm logsuro t`o

gpprmxelgto aovoa mn t`es hoeaefk, gfj uso t`gt cfmwaojko tm mbtgef g `ypmt`otehga rgtem mn grmusga tm

hmlpaoxety mn tgsc t`gt weaa ght gs g pmssebao nghtmr nmr nuturo elpaoloftgtemf mn prmkrgls nmr

ojuhgtemfga sottefks gfj nmr efhrogsefk pornmrlgfho ef t`o wmrc nmrho.

Lot`mj

Tgrtehepgfts

Z`o gbmvo rosogrh` jolmfstrgtos t`gt t`o onnohts mn luseh hgf bo soof ghrmss lgfy jevorso gko krmups

(Xh`oaaofbork ot. ga., 244;). E gl hmfnejoft t`gt t`o gbeaety tm koforgaezo ly rosuats weaa fmt bo aeletojby t`o uso mn g pgrtehuagr gko rgfko usoj ef t`es stujy w`of t`o prmhojuros mutaefo nmr luseh soaohtemf

gro usoj tm gjgpt prmtmhma tm gfy pmpuagtemf ghrmss huaturo gfj gko. E weaa mbtgef g sglpao mn

hmfvofeofho, hmfsestefk mn >4 pgrtehepgfts nrml t`o Tsyh`mamky jopgrtloft gt t`o _fevorsety mn

Lgssgh`usotts Gl`orst. Tronorgbay, ly sglpao weaa hmfsest mn ?4% lgaos gfj ?4% nolgaos. Ly stujy

hgaas nmr nmur wet`ef-subioht krmups hmfsestefk mn 7? efjevejugas, fostoj wet`ef g botwoof-krmups

josekf. Zm prmtoht gkgefst pmssebao eftornorofho mn kofjor begs ef t`o sglpao 84 wmlof weaa bo

rgfjmlay gssekfoj tm t`o nmur krmups. Z`o sglo weaa bo ropogtoj nmr t`o 84 lof. Nmr t`oer pgrtehepgtemf

ef ly stujy t`oy weaa bo gwgrjoj oxtrg hrojet tmwgrjs t`oer nefga krgjo.

Efstrulofts

Z`o suhhoss mn ly stujy jopofjs upmf logsurefk t`o h`gfko ef pgrtehepgfts grmusga gfj lmmj, gfj

subsoquoft h`gfkos ef pornmrlgfho mf hmkfetevo tosts. Z`oronmro E weaa bo usefk t`o Trmneao mn Lmmj

Xtgtos s`mrt nmrl (TMLX-XN3 X`gh`gl 7508). Z`es survoy weaa bo usoj ef bmt` pro-trogtloft gfj pmst-

trogtloft hmfjetemfs. Z`es shgao hmftgefs 8; etols rgtoj mf g ? pmeft shgao rgfkefk nrml Fmt gt gaa tm

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Oxtroloay. Z`es s`mrt nmrl vorsemf mn t`o stgfjgrj TMLX tgcos gpprmxelgtoay nevo lefutos tm

hmlpaoto gfj logsuros sex aovoas mn lmmj. Nmr t`o purpmsos mn t`es stujy E weaa bo nmhusefk mf t`roo mn

t`oso aovoas9 Zofsemf-Gfxeoty, Joprossemf-Joiohtemf, gfj ^ekmr-Ghtevety.

Zm jotorlefo t`o rgto mn h`gfko ef t`o hmkfetevo pornmrlgfho gs g nufhtemf mn lmmj gfj grmusga, E weaa

uso t`o [oah`saor Gjuat Eftoaaekofho Xhgao Nmurt` Ojetemf (Togrsmf, 2440). E weaa soaoht mfo subtost

nrml ogh` mn t`o nmur efjoxos9 ^orbga Hmlpro`ofsemf Efjox (^HE), t`o Torhoptuga Rogsmfefk Efjox

(TRE), t`o [mrcefk Lolmry Efjox ([LE), gfj t`o Trmhossefk Xpooj Efjox (TXE). Z`o nmaamwefk

subtosts weaa bo usoj9 Hmlpro`ofsemf, Bamhc Josekf, Hmjefk, gfj Jeket Xpgf. Mfay nmur subtosts gro

boefk usoj, gs mppmsoj tm t`o hmlpaoto eftoaaekofho shgaoh tm lefelezo ngtekuo jurefk tostefk w`eao steaa

boefk roprosoftgtevo mn t`o hmlpaoto shgao.

Lgtoregas

Zm pornmrl ly stujy E weaa fooj nmur sopgrgto amhgtemfs, mfo nmr tostefk ogh` mn t`o wet`ef-subioht

krmups. Mfo amhgtemf weaa bo Agco [ymag ef X`utosbury, LG. Z`o sohmfj amhgtemf foojoj weaa bo g

queot hagssrmml mf hglpus. Z`o t`erj amhgtemf foojoj es g sohtemf mn t`o Gl`orst Hmllmf. Nefgaay E

weaa fooj tm sohuro g tgbao ef t`o hglpus hgnotoreg nmr t`o nmurt` gfj nefga amhgtemf. Grrgfkolofts lust

bo lgjo tm sohuro rospohtevo amhgtemfs, mfho g wooc nmr nmur hmfsohutevo woocs. Ogh` mn t`oso nmur

amhgtemfs weaa ght gs bmt` t`o hmftrma gfj oxporeloftga hmfjetemfs nmr t`o pmrtemf mn ly josekf t`gt es

botwoof-krmups. Z`o josekfgtoj amhgtemfs weaa rolgef hmfstgft nmr ogh` mn t`o wet`ef-subioht

krmups,hwo87 t`es weaa prmtoht gkgefst gfy hmfnmufjs mr t`rogts tm eftorfga vgaejety. Juo tm t`o nght t`gt

ogh` krmup ufjorkmos ovory pmssebao luseh hmfjetemf ef mfo sottefk, t`o luseh grmusga h`gfkos s`muaj

bo mbsorvgbao efjopofjoft nrml t`o sottefk-jopofjoft h`gfkos.

Trmhojuros9

Luseh Xoaohtemf Trmhojuro

Gs stgtoj gbmvo, et es oxpohtoj t`gt porhoptemfs mn luseh jennor ghrmss vgremus gko krmups gfj huaturos

(Xh`oaaofbork ot. ga., 244;). Ef mrjor tm ofsuro t`gt t`o lusehga soaohtemfs `gvo t`o `ek`ost pmssebao

roaegbeaety ef rokgrjs tm oxpohtoj onnoht ghrmss t`o kevof gko spgf, E weaa sglpao g sopgrgto but seleagr

krmup mn >4 jennoroft pgrtehepgfts nrml t`o Xmhemamky jopgrtloft gt _fevorsety mn Lgssgh`usotts

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Gl`orst. E weaa pagy nmr t`ol ? jennoroft lusehga soaohtemfs t`gt gro oxpohtoj tm oaehet gf

efvekmrgtefk/`gppy onnoht, ? soaohtemfs t`gt gro t`muk`t tm oaehet gf ufpaogsgft/joprossevo roghtemf, gfj

? peohos t`gt gro t`muk`t tm brefk gbmut nooaefks mn gfxeoty gfj tofsemf. Ogh` lusehga hmlpmsetemf tm

bo rgtoj weaa bo soaohtoj bgsoj upmf t`o tolpm gfj lmjo (Xh`oaaofbork, ot. ga., 244;). Z`o stgfjgrj nmr

`gppy/efvekmrgtefk peohos weaa bo ngst tolpm (740-7>0bpl), lgimr lmjo3 t`o stgfjgrj nmr soaohtemf mn

t`o ? ufpaogsgft/joprossevo peohos weaa bo samw tolpm( aoss t`gf 04bpl), lefmr lmjo. Z`o soaohtemf mngfxeoty/tofsemf oaehetefk peohos weaa bo lexoj lmjo pmssossefk gf oxtroloay ngst tolpm (lmro t`gf

244bpl). Gaa peohos weaa bo efstruloftga tm gvmej eftrmjuhefk gfmt`or vgregbao t`gt lgy bo gttrebutoj

tm t`o erroaovgft spooh` onnoht. Ogh` pgrtehepgft weaa rohoevo g bmmcaot t`gt weaa gsc t`ol tm rgto t`o

soaohtemfs mf g shgao mn 7 tm ? nmr `gppy vs. ufpaogsgft gfj gasm nmr joprossevo vs. efvekmrgtefk. Z`o

hretoremf nmr efhausemf eftm t`o stujy es lgimrety ruaos. Z`o nmurt` aovoa mn trogtloft weaa bo fm luseh.

Oxporeloftga Trmhojuro

Z`es stujy es g `ek`or mrjor, :x:, nghtmrega josekf, hmfsestefk mn nmur wet`ef-subioht krmups. Ogh` krmup

weaa oxporeofho gaa nmur aovoas mn t`o efjopofjoft vgregbao, luseh. Z`o nmur krmups weaa prmvejo hmuftor

bgagfho tm t`o wet`ef-subiohts josekf. E weaa systolgtehgaay rmtgto t`o mrjor mn t`o trogtloft oxporeofhoj

gamfk wet` t`o mrjor mn [GEX-E^ subtost kevof ghrmss t`o nmur krmups, t`oronmro lefelezefk soquofho

onnohts gfj t`o pmssebao t`rogts pmsoj tm eftorfga vgaejety. Nmr efstgfho, krmup 7 weaa ropmrt tm

josekfgtoj tostefk sottefk, gfj oxporeofho t`o fm luseh hmfjetemf t`o nerst jgy w`eao pornmrlefk nerst

t`o Hmlpro`ofsemf subtost, t`of Bamhc Josekf, nmaamwoj by Hmjefk, gfj agstay t`o Jeket Xpgf. Z`o

nmaamwefk wooc, krmup 7 weaa gkgef ropmrt tm t`o sglo sottefk, but bokef tostefk ufjor hmfjetemf mn

`gppy/efvekmrgtefk luseh gfj bokef wet` t`o Bamhc Josekf subtost nmaamwoj by Hmjefk, Jeket Xpgf,

gfj nefgaay Hmlpro`ofsemf. Mf t`o t`erj jgy krmup 7 wmuaj gkgef ropmrt tm t`o sglo sottefk gssekfoj

gfj oxporeofho t`o ufpaogsgft/joprossevo luseh hmfjetemf, w`eao bokeffefk wet` t`o Hmjefk subtost,

nmaamwoj by t`o Jeket Xpgf, Hmlpro`ofsemf, gfj Bamhc Josekf. Z`o nmurt` gfj nefga jgy pgrtehepgfts

wmuaj oxporeofho gfxeoty/tofsemf prmjuhefk luseh w`eao stgrtefk wet` t`o Jeket Xpgf, Hmlpro`ofsemf,

Bamhc Josekf gfj nefgaay t`o Hmjefk subtost.

Ogh` mn t`o wet`ef-subioht krmups weaa hmlpreso t`o nmur hmftrma/oxporeloftga krmups mn gf gjjetemfga

botwoof-krmups josekf. Z`es gjjetemfga josekf weaa gssoss t o onnoht mn t`o h`gfkos ef t`o efjopofjoft

vgregbao, sottefk, lgfepuagtoj ef ogh` mn t`o wet`ef-subioht krmups. E `gvo olpamyoj t`o uso mn t`es

pgrtehuagr `ek`or mrjor josekf, fostefk g wet`ef-subiohts josekf eftm g botwoof-krmups josekf, tm gaamw

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nmr gfgayses mn t`o `ypmt`osezoj onnoht luseh weaa `gvo mf grmusga gfj lmmj, t`o onnoht g pgrtehuagr

sottefk weaa `gvo mf grmusga gfj lmmj, gfj t`o ghhuluagtemf mn t`oer rospohtevo hmftrebutemfs tm t`o

hmlbefoj grmusga gfj lmmj aovoa gfj t`o onnoht mf pornmrlgfho.

Gaa mn t`o pgrtehepgfts weaa gssolbao ef mfo spoheneoj amhgtemf nmr g krmup lootefk gntor sglpaefk es

hmlpaotoj. Ogh` pgrtehepgft weaa t`of rohoevo gf efnmrloj hmfsoft nmrl gfj gf mvorveow mn t`oer rek`ts

gfj fmteneoj mn t`oer gbeaety tm wet`jrgw gt gfy telo. E weaa prmvejo hmftght efnmrlgtemf nmr gfy

quostemfs mr hmfhorfs t`oy lgy `gvo. Z`oy weaa gasm rohoevo g breonefk mf mur purpmso9 tm ejofteny

t`rmuk` tostefk t`o nghtmrs t`gt hmftrebuto tm hmkfetevo pornmrlgfho gfj mur `mpo tm elprmvefk aogrfefk

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ogh` tost jgy, gfj bonmro efetegtefk trogtloft hmfjetemfs, pgrtehepgfts weaa hmlpaoto t`o TMLX-XN.

Gntor t`oso gro hmlpaotoj E weaa hrogto t`o luseh hmfjetemf sh`ojuaoj nmr t`gt jgy. Gt t`es pmeft t`o

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t`oer grmusga gfj lmmj hmfjetemf nmaamwefk t`o trogtloft.

Gt t`o hmlpaotemf mn t`o nmur woocs mn tostefk, pgrtehepgfts weaa bo t`gfcoj nmr t`oer `oap rolefjoj mn

t`oer hmlpofsgtemf mn oxtrg hrojet. E weaa jobreon pgrtehepgfts mf t`o purpmso nmr t`oer pgrtehepgtemf gfj

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7/27/2019 Cognitive Performance: a Discontinuous Function, Mediated by Arousal and Mood.

8/8

Ronorofhos

Jgvejsmf, H., & Tmwoaa, A. (750>). Z`o onnohts mn ogsy-aestofefk bghckrmufj luseh mf t`o mf-tgsc-

pornmrlgfho mn nent`-krgjo h`eajrof. Imurfga mn Ojuhgtemfga Rosogrh`, 04(7), 25-88. Rotreovoj nrml

TsyhEFNM jgtgbgso.

@gaagl, X., Treho, I., & Cgtsgrmu, K. (2442). Z`o onnohts mn bghckrmufj luseh mf prelgry sh`mma

pupeas' tgsc pornmrlgfho.Ojuhgtemfga Xtujeos, 20(2), 777-722. jme974.7404/484??>5422472:??7.

Togrsmf (2440). [oah`saor Gjuat Eftoaaekofho Xhgao nmurt` ojetemf ([GEX-E^). Rotreovoj nrml

`ttp9//of.wecepojeg.mrk/wece/[oh`saor]Gjuat]Eftoaaekofho]Xhgao

X`gh`gl, X. (7508). Trmneao mn Lmmj Xtgtos X`mrt Nmrl (TMLX-XN). Rotreovoj nrml

`ttp9//www.stgtestehssmautemfs.hml/Trmneao-mn-Lmmj-Xtgtos gfj `ttp9//psyhfot.gpg.mrk/efjox.hnl=

ng4;4>000?.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wechsler_Adult_Intelligence_Scalehttp://www.statisticssolutions.com/Profile-of-Mood-Stateshttp://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=1995-27722-001&CFID=4649440&CFTOKEN=54680631http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=1995-27722-001&CFID=4649440&CFTOKEN=54680631http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wechsler_Adult_Intelligence_Scalehttp://www.statisticssolutions.com/Profile-of-Mood-Stateshttp://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=1995-27722-001&CFID=4649440&CFTOKEN=54680631http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=buy.optionToBuy&id=1995-27722-001&CFID=4649440&CFTOKEN=54680631