cohesion and norm enforcement. cohesion = norm enforcement egsocial capital egcollective efficacy
TRANSCRIPT
Cohesion and Norm Enforcement
Cohesion = Norm Enforcement
EG Social Capital
EG Collective Efficacy
Cohesion ≠ Norm Enforcement
Empirical Findings
Theory
Cohesion = Norm Enforcement
OR
Cohesion ≠ Norm Enforcement
How is cohesion related to social norms?
????
Cohesion Social Norms
Theory
• Benefits of Norms– Direct
• Valued in and of themselves
– Indirect• Enhance ability to exchange
• Cohesion• Enhance interest in exchange
Indirect x Cohesion Benefits
Metanorms
Norms
Hypotheses
H1: Indirect benefits x Cohesion Norms
H2: Indirect benefits x Cohesion Metanorms
H3: Metanorms Norms
Experiment
Design
Indirect
Benefit
No Indirect Benefit
Cohesion
No Cohesion
Procedures
Overview
- Receive Income
Receive Income_______________________________________________
Your personal income is 30. 30 Personal Income
0 TotalSavings
_______________________________________________
Overview
- Receive Income
- Deviance
Deviance________________________________________________________
V has stolen 10 points from W.30Personal Income
0Total Savings
_________________________________________________________
Overview
- Receive Income
- Deviance
- Sanctioning decision
Sanctioning Decision________________________________________________________
Please wait for W to decide what to do.30PersonalIncome
0Total Savings
________________________________________________________
Sanctioning Decision_______________________________________________________
W decided to punish V. 33Personal
As a result of W’s choice, Income3 points are given to you, W, Y, and Z. 0
Total Savings
________________________________________________________
Overview
- Receive Income
- Deviance
- Sanctioning decision
- Rewarding decision
Rewarding Decisions________________________________________________________1 point from giver = 3 points for receiver
33You may decide what to do with Personalyour income points. Income
Keep __ points in your personal income 0Give __ points to W. TotalGive __ points to Y. SavingsGiver __ points to Z. _______________________________________________________
Rewarding Decisions______________________________________________________1 point from giver = 3 points for receiver
??You kept __ points. Personal
IncomeYou gave: You received:__ to W __ from W 0__ to Y __ from Y Total __ to Z __ from Z Savings
______________________________________________________
Overview
- Receive Income
- Deviance
- Sanctioning decision
- Reward decisions
- End of trial
End of Trial and Beginning of New Trial_______________________________________________
Points from your personal income 30have been moved into your Personalsavings. Income
Your new personal income is 30 points. ??TotalSavings
_______________________________________________
Independent Variables
Benefits of Sanctioning
Indirect Benefit Benefits of sanctioning placed in Personal Income and can be used in exchange.
No Indirect Benefit Benefits of sanctioning placed in Total Savings and cannot be used in exchange.
Sanctioning Decision______________________________________________
W decided to punish V. __Personal
As a result of W’s choice, Income3 points are given to you, W, Y, and Z. __
Total Savings
______________________________________________
Cohesion
Cohesion
Points received from others worth 3 times one’s own points. (1:3)
No Cohesion
Points received from others worth the same as one’s own points. (1:1)
Rewarding Decisions________________________________________________________1 point from giver = 3 points for receiver1 point from giver = 1 point for receiver
33You may decide what to do with Personalyour income points. Income
Keep __ points in your personal income 0Give __ points to W. TotalGive __ points to Y. SavingsGiver __ points to Z. _______________________________________________________
Dependent Variables
Norms
Punishment rate for the group.
Metanorms
Difference between rewards given to victims who punished and to victims who did not punish.
Results
Table 1. Mean Norms and Metanorms
Indirect Benefit
No Indirect Benefit
Cohesion Norms
Metanorms
.898 (.136)
5.47* (1.96)
.597 (.293)
2.58* (2.81)
No Cohesion
Norms
Metanorms
.690 (.182)
2.82 (1.43)
.745 (.149)
3.19 (1.58)
N=14 except for starred items where N=13.
Table 2. Regression ResultsModel 1a
Norms
Model 2b
Metanorms
Model 3b
Norms
Intercept .745**** (.0535) 3.19**** (.535) .631**** (.0640)
Cohesion -.148+ (.0756) -.609 (.771) -.157* (.0709)
Indirect Benefit -.0543 (.0756) -.370 (.756) -.0412 (.0693)
Cohesion * Indirect Benefit
.356*** (.107) 3.27*** (1.09) .263* (.108)
Metanorms ----- ----- .0356** (.0129)
R-square .24 .26 .37
a N=56; b N=54
**** p<.0001; *** p<.005; ** p<.01; * p<.05; + p<.1
Indirect x Cohesion Benefits
Metanorms
Norms
Relative size and direction of direct and indirect benefits
EG American South
Norm content and indirect benefits?
EG Reciprocity
Social institutions and indirect benefits?
EG Formal Rules
If we can identify
direct and indirect benefits, and
the structure of social relations
Then we can more accurately predict norms.