COMMON CELL TRAITSA cell is the basic unit of all living

organisms.

Prokaryotic Cells(Pro = before Karyotic = nucleus)

cells without membrane-bound structures

No real nucleus, the DNA is in the cytoplasm

Examples: bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells(Eu= real karyotic = nucleus)

cells with membrane-bound structures

Has a real nucleusEX: animals,

plants, fungi

Prokaryotic vs Eukaryotic Cells(Pro = Before Eu= real Karyotic = nucleus)

Eukaryotes are larger

3 types of Eukaryotes

AnimalsPlantsFungi

Plant Cells and Animal Cells

Plant Cells and Fungi Cells

Comparing CellsSize Cell Wall Nucleu

sChloroplasts

Vacuole

Bacteria

Small Made of Peptidoglycan

N0 No Some bacteria have a large vacuole

Fungi Big Made of Chitin Yes No Yes

Plant Big Made of Cellulose

Yes Yes Large

Animal

Big No Yes No Small or absent

COMPARING CELLS

The size & shape of a cell relates to its function.

Specialised CellsYou are expected to be able to recognise the following specialised cells

Root hair cells – absorptionXylem vessels – conduction (transport) and supportPalisade Mesophyll – PhotosynthesisCiliated cells – in respiratory tractMuscle cells – contractionRed blood cells – transportNerve Cells – Conduction of impulsesSperm & Egg cells - Reproduction

Root hair cell

Absorbs minerals and water from the soil

Large Surface area

Xylem Cells

Transports water and minerals from roots to rest of plant

Dead cells: cell walls form a tube

Palisade Mesophyll Cells

Boxy shape to pack as many cells as possible at the top of the leaf

Ciliated Cells

Found in the Airways

Cilia move out mucus

Muscle cells

Long CellsFunction is to

contractMany cells form

a regular pattern3 types (skeletal,

smooth, cardiac)

Red Blood Cells

Transports oxygen

Large surface area

No Nucleus

Nerve CellsLong Axon to

transport electrical signals

Sperm Cells

Sperm cells have a tail (flagellum) for swimming

Egg Cells

Egg Cells are large because they contain food for the developing embryo

White Blood Cells

White Blood Cell destroys germs

Brain Cells

Brain Cells control

Cell structuresYou are expected to be able to recognise the following parts of a cellCell surface membraneCytoplasmNucleusVacuole(Mitochondria)

Cell Wall (plant cells only)Chloroplast (plant cells only

Other structures are

Animal Cells

Cell (Surface) MembraneOuter covering,

protective layer

Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell

allows waste products out of the cell.

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like, inside cell membrane

constantly flows

Organelles

The Cytoplasm contains several specialized structures

They are called organelles

Nucleus

Controls all cell activities

Contains DNAUsually the largest

organelleIt is the ‘brain’ of

the cell

Mitochondria

Organelles where Respiration happens

They are the ‘Power Plant’ of the cell

Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria

1 Mitochondrion – 2 Mitochondria

VACUOLES

Used for Food Storage

Animal cells can have more than 1 small vacuole

Plant Cells have 1 big vacuole

PLANT CELLSPlant Cells

have all organelles animal cells have

And a few that are only found in plant cells

CELL WALLProtects the

plant cellGives shapeMade of

Cellulose

CHLOROPLASTSGreen make food by

Photosynthesisfound only in

plant cells

CHLOROPHYLL A green pigment that

gives leaves & stems their color

Captures sunlight energy that for Photosynthesis to produce Glucose

Animal Cell

Animal Cell

Plant Cell

Plant Cell

1- Nucleus

2- Chromosomes

3- Mitochondria4- Ribosomes

5- Chloroplasts

6- Vacuoles

7- ER

8- Cell Membrane

NAME THE ORGANELLE

d. Mitochondriab. Chloroplast

c. Golgi body a. Nucleus

FROM CELL TO ORGANISMCell

The basic unit of life

TissueGroup of cells working together

OrganGroup of tissues working together

OrganismAny living thing made of 1 or more cells

Organ SystemGroup of organs working together