communication and theatre 4/516: leadership seminar structure and organizational design
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Communication and Theatre 4/516: Leadership Seminar
Structure and Organizational Design
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Morgan: from bureaucracies to networks (six models of structure)•Rigid bureaucracy (chain of command)
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bureaucracy with senior management team
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bureaucracy with project teams and task forces
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•Matrix for an aircraft company
Design
Production
Marketing
Civilian Commercial Military
Thus each type of project must cooperate with each department at every level
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The project organization (a network of interaction)
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The loosely-coupled organic network (outsource, subcontract)
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Nohria: characteristics of networks (which are the communication links we maintain.)
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Because of complexity and information overload, the way to keep up is to belong to a sufficient number of networks to ensure access to information needed somewhere in the network system.
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Characteristics of networks:
organizations are social networks (formal & informal)
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an organization exists in and participates in a sea of networks.
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Individual actions are a result of position in the networks.
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networks inform actions, and actions shape networks (reflexivity).
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Advantages of looking at organizations as networks:
Centrality in networks is a source of power.
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Advantages, cont.
One can be a central member in a group
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Advantages, cont. One can be a link between groups
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Advantages, cont. One can belong to many groups
Steve’s memberships: spouse, father, grandfather, son, uncle, father-in-law, teacher, colleague, Provost’s council, union, elearning trainee, friends, fisherman, muscian, church, aarp, nca, costco, seattle art museum, YAM, PBS, KEMC, man, older, home owner, etc.
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Advantages, cont.
Who gets to play (be involved in a project) is dependent on chooser’s networks
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Advantages, cont.
In a very dense network system, alliances among companies can be formed.
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Advantages, cont.
Networks are a distinct form of organizing
•efficient,
•governable,
•flexible,
•linking pin.
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Fisher: self-directed work teams, or we must use our human resources.I like the empowerment formula
e (empowerment) = f (functionality)
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f = authority +
resources +
information +
accountability
http://scholar.google.com/schhp?ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tab=ws
http://tinyurl.com/38td5h
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Review this and come to class being able to state why empowerment = 0 if any of A,R,I,A = 0.
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The Empowerment Continuum
low high
Employee Suggestions
Task Forces,
Quality Circles
Self-Directed Work Teams
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Comparing SDWT with Traditional Orgs.
Customer driven, multi-skilled workforce
vs.
management-driven work force of isolated specialists
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Few job descriptions
vs.
Many jobs descriptions
Mention job description
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Information shared widely
vs.
Information limited
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Few levels of
management
vs.
Many levels of
management
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Whole business focus
vs.
Departmental focus
Welcome to the Department of Communication and
Theatre
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Shared goals
vs.
Segregated goals
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Purpose achievement emphasis
vs.
problem-solving emphasis
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High worker commitment
vs.
High management commitment
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Continuous improvements
vs.
Incremental improvements
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Self controlled
vs.
management controlled
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Values based
vs.
Policy/procedures based
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Smith & Sims: teams at the top, or at least it takes commitment of top management to encourage teamwork throughout the organization
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