Community Systems Foundation so" Anniversary

OUTLINE for CSFHistoryby Bart Burkhalter

October 10, 2011

A. Antecedents and founding1. U of Michigan Department of Industrial Engineering

2. Hospital industrial engineering studies program (Prof Clyde Johnson)3. Hospital staffing methodologies (concurrent with CSFfounding)

4. Founders: Karl Bartscht, Bart Burkhalter, Dean Wilson

B. Phase 1- Hospital and other community institution operations studies (1963-72)1. Funding mostly from community institutions, primarily hospitals. CSFtotal revenue grew from

$102,000 in FY63 to $1,682,000 in FY72.

2. Management. Board of Trustees grew to include client institution reps, academics, top staff.

CEO: Karl Bartscht, ExecDir (June-Sep, 1963). Bart Burkhalter, ExecDir-Pres (Sep, 1963-Jan, 1973).

3. location. Headquarters in Ann Arbor. Grew to include offices in Grand Rapids, Baltimore,

Indianapolis, New Haven, Minneapolis, Concord NH, Augusta Me.

4. Hospitals. Hospital management engineering programs (including hospital information systems),

in about 400 hospitals, especially with hospital associations in Maryland, Indianapolis,

Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Maine. About 1,200 studies in most areas of hospital (e.g.,

nursing, lab, laundry, etc). By far the largest sales in Phase I. (Key persons: Karl Bartscht, Matt

Steiner, Jack Segall, Forbes Pol liard, leroy Anderson, Vern Macleod, Dick Altman.)

5. Health research and policy development. Participant in several large U.S.Gov't supportedstudies/projects: (1) Incentive reimbursement to hospitals by SocSecurity; (2) Computer systemat Detroit-Macomb hospitals; (3) Burn care research; (4) Secretariat to PHSpolicy development.

Also, smaller ones. (Key persons: Karl Bartscht, Dick Altman, Jack Segall, Ron Gregg.)

5. local government. Information systems, analysis and simulations for regional planning agencies.

Operations analysis and information systems for municipalities, primarily City of Ann Arbor.

Housing studies for U.S. Dept of HUD, and other. (Key persons: Dick Duke, Jerry Mader.)

6. Educational and libraries. Management engineering at U of Michigan library. Numerous diverseactivities related to educational technology and schools. (Key persons: Fred Goodman, Bart

Burkhalter.)

7. International Activities. A few international activities (other than CSFAustralasia), including

Peace Corps in Venezuela, local Gov't Operational Research Unit in England, Rockefeller

Foundation in Columbia. (Key persons: Dean Wilson, Bart Burkhalter.)

8. Reports and publications. CSFcreated library of about 1,250 reports of its studies, which itreproduced in its regional offices and state hospital associations. Also journal articles and books.

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9. Community Systems Foundation - Australasia. Separate organization from CSF,but with

interlocking Membership and contractual relationships. After 3 years in planning, started

officially in July, 1972 under Peter Cabban leadership. Extensive management engineering and

funding in hospitals throughout Australia and New Zealand. Received Kellogg Foundation funding

for development activities. CSFAustralasia functioned successfully for many years (See Peter).

10. Transition from community institution phase. A for-profit spin-off (CHI Systems) of health

research staff was supported by CSFand implemented in 1969 (key person: Karl Bartscht). Local

government activities (primarily housing) transferred to new non-profit company (OASIS) in early1972 (key person: Jerry Mader). Hospital activities transferred to a new for-profit company (CSF

Ltd) owned by CSFstaff Jan 1973. (Key persons: Bart Burkhalter, Leroy Anderson, Matt Steiner).

C. Phase" -International nutrition (1973-1995??)

1. Funding. Most funding from USAID.

2. Leadership. Initial leadership from Dean and to some extent Bart. Bill Drake took over leadership

as President after a few years. Can divide this phase into two sub-phases: first few years when

Dean and Bart were more active, and all subsequent years when Bill and CSFwere active in

nutrition research. Major change in Trustee composition.

3. First sub-phase. (1973- ~1976) Rockefeller Foundation funded Dean at Universidad in Cali,Columbia, which produced the famous "nutrient flow" model. In Chile, contract from USAID to

provide TA to national nutrition unit (Key persons: Bart, David Nelson, Conrado Briceno). In Zaire

(now DRC), Dean provided nutrition planning TA to USAID and gov't, but CSFdecided not to

pursue larger long-term TA contract there. Funding from USAID for technical report on

community nutrition (Key person: Bart). Also funding from USAID for Nutrition Planning:

International journal of abstracts ... (Bart editor) that continued until 1981-2 when transferred toOGH Publishers. (CSFpurchased Hill Street office at this time.)

4. Second sub-phase. ("1976- "'1995)Bill Drake took presidency and generated USAID funds for

many nutrition TA and research activities, including big Indonesia study with Indonesians at Hill

Street one summer, the famous "Red Potato" project, and many others. Some bumpy parts

during this sub-phase (e.g., Kip Eckroad took over Presidency for part of a year). (Key persons:

Roy Miller, John Nystuen, other?)

5. Transition to International Database phase. Drake worked with Kris Oswalt who developed adatabase for UNICEFeventually called Childlnfo, which eventually beame Devlnfo.

D. Phase III-International database (1995??-present)

1. Funding mostly from U.N. McArthur grant. Some others (e.g., USAID-supported CIHI).

2. Leadership. Kris leads development of database and interaction with U.N., and becomes

President upon Bill's death in 2004.

3. Key events for U.N. database. I do not know this, but clearly the decision by the U.N. to make

Childlnfo/Devlnfo the center of its monitoring of the MDGs was a (if not the key event). And

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CSF'sdecision to donate it lock-stock-and-barrel to the U.N. was part of this event. Also

MacArthur-supported training project.

E. Other

1. Drake room at SNR. Community Systems Learning (Dean). Friends of SNR. CSFwebsite and

reports. What else?

**********************************************************************************Here are some early words that became too long for an outline, but might be useful. ...BB

B. Phase1- Hospital and other community institution operations studies (1963-72)1. Funding mostly from community institutions. Primarily hospitals, some regional planning

agencies and municipalities, some federal grants, a little from UofM library. Annual funding

("sales") grew from each year from $102,000 in FY1964 to $1,682,000 in FY1972.

2. Leadership in Phase I: Karl Bartscht, Exec Dir (June-Aug. 1963); Bart Burkhalter (Exec Dir,

President, Sept 1963-1973). Board of Trustees expanded to include representatives of key

clients, technical areas and management, and staff management also expanded as number of

new programs expanded. (See list of Trustees and of staff managers during this period.)

3. Growth in hospital management engineering ("ME") in terms of number of topics, hospitals and

state programs. Did approximately 1,200 studies in about 400 hospitals throughout the Midwest

and east of the U.S. Had hospital ME programs in association with state hospital associations in

Connecticut, D.C., Maine, Maryland, New Hampshire and Vermont, and with the Indianapolis

Hospital Development association. (This was an important contribution to the development of

state hospital association ME programs throughout the country. Many non-CSF programs funded

by Kellogg Foundation, which acquired technical leadership by hiring CSFstaff: Pat Ludwig in

New York, Dave Harris in Massachusetts, George Didier in Ohio.)3.1. Michigan hospitals. Grew out of Dept of I.E. hospital studies program, especially

SUoseph Mercy in Ann Arbor (1st office of CSF). CSFvery active in Michigan hospitals, especially

in its first few years. Included some work in Ohio (e.g., Akron City Hospital) and elsewhere.

Different individuals headed the Michigan hospital activity: 1st Pat Ludwig (Ann Arbor) and Matt

Steiner (Grand Rapids), 2nd Steiner state-wide, 3rd Jack Segall, 4th Bob French.

3.1.1. Hospital computer system research. Two grants from USPHSfor CSFto

investigate advantages of a single computer system for two hospitals.

3.2. Maryland hospitals. Invited by Maryland Hospital Association to establish a resident

ME program in Maryland in 1966. Big deal. Pat Ludwig moved to Maryland to lead it, and Rudy

Pendall, Association Director, and Ludwig joined CSFBoard. Johns Hopkins, Sinai and several

other Maryland hospitals initiated program, which grew to 26 at its peak. Vern MacLoed headed

program after Ludwig left. Very successful.3.2.1. D.C. Hospital Association and hospitals. Managed from Maryland.

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3.3. Indianapolis hospitals. In 1967 the Indianapolis Hospital Development Association

(IHDA) invited CSFto establish an office there to help implement a new computer information

system. Forbes Polliard, director of IHDA, joined CSFBoard, and Robert Vaughan (from Maryland

CSFprogram) was first director for CSF.Later Leroy Anderson became director. (This program

was closed late in 1968 after the computer system was implemented and IHDA came under wing

of the Indiana Hospital Association, and Polliard left, eventually to join CSFstaff.)

3.4. Connecticut hospitals. Connecticut Hospital Association invited CSFto establish ME

program in their state in 1968, similar to one in Maryland. Herb Anderson, Association Director,

joined CSFBoard, and Richard Altman (from Indianapolis CSFprogram) headed the Connecticutprogram. Very successful.

3.4.1. Cost-reimbursement research. Important research in 34 Conn hospitals funded by

u.S. Social Security to U of Michigan, Conn Hosp Assoc and CSF.3.5. Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont hospitals. Resident offices were established in

Maine and New Hampshire. Richard Friedland was resident director in New Hampshire and

D'anne Schick in Maine, both reporting to Forbes Polliard. Vermont hospitals serviced out of New

Hampshire.

3.6. Minnesota hospitals. Polliard led this.

4. Urban and Local Government.4.1. Regional Planning Agencies. Information systems and simulations. Work for Lansing,

Louisville and Kansas City regional planning agencies. Richard Duke established and oversaw this

work.

4.2. Local Government. Management engineering over several years with the city of Ann

Arbor. Studies with numerous other local government institutions at different times, including

Washtenaw County, City of Ypsilanti, City of Toledo, Michigan Municipal League.4.3. Housing. Developed training programs for the Michigan state Housing Development

Authority.

5. Education and Library.

6. Health research.

7. (SF Australasia.

8. Other International.

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