comparative study of helminth parasites of the many-ribbed

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Volume 68 Article 15

2014

Comparative Study of Helminth Parasites of theMany-Ribbed Salamander, Eurycea multiplicataand Oklahoma Salamander, Eurycea tynerensis(Caudata: Plethodontidae), from Arkansas andOklahoma, AC. T. McAllisterEastern Oklahoma State College, [email protected]

M. B. ConniorSouth Arkansas Community College

C. R. BurseyPennsylvania State University

H. W. Robison

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Recommended CitationMcAllister, C. T.; Connior, M. B.; Bursey, C. R.; and Robison, H. W. (2014) "Comparative Study of Helminth Parasites of the Many-Ribbed Salamander, Eurycea multiplicata and Oklahoma Salamander, Eurycea tynerensis (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from Arkansasand Oklahoma, A," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 68 , Article 15.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol68/iss1/15

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 68, 201487

A Comparative Study of Helminth Parasites of the Many-Ribbed Salamander, Euryceamultiplicata and Oklahoma Salamander, Eurycea tynerensis (Caudata: Plethodontidae),

from Arkansas and Oklahoma

C.T. McAllister1*, M.B. Connior2, C.R. Bursey3, and H.W. Robison4

1Division of Science and Mathematics, Eastern Oklahoma State College, Idabel, OK 747452Health and Natural Sciences, South Arkansas Community College, El Dorado, AR 71730

3Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, Shenango Campus, Sharon, PA 1614649717 Wild Mountain Drive, Sherwood, AR 72120

*Correspondence: [email protected]

Running Head: Helminths of Eurycea spp.

Abstract

Ninety many-ribbed salamanders, Euryceamultiplicata and 135 Oklahoma salamanders, Euryceatynerensis were collected between April 2010 andApril 2014 from 14 counties of Arkansas andMcCurtain County, Oklahoma (E. multiplicata only)and examined for helminth parasites. Twelve (13%) E.multiplicata were infected, including two (2%) eachwith Brachycoelium salamandrae, Bothriocephalusrarus, Batracholandros magnavulvaris,Cosmocercoides variabilis, and Omeia papillocauda,and one (1%) each with an oligacanthorhynchidcystacanth and Fessisentis vancleavei. Forty-one(30%) of the E. tynerensis were infected, includingseven (5%) with Gorgoderina tenua, two (1%) eachwith Phyllodistomum solidum and cyclophyllideantapeworm cysticerci, one (0.7%) with Cylindrotaeniaamericana, six (3%) with B. rarus, eight (12%) withDesmognathinema nantahalaensis, 10 (7%) with O.papillocauda, two (1%) with Amphibiocapillariatritonipunctata and six (4%) with F. vancleavei. Wedocument 13 new host and two new distributionalrecords for helminths of these salamanders. Inaddition, a summary of the endoparasites of E.multiplicata and E. tynerensis is provided.

Introduction

The many-ribbed salamander, Euryceamultiplicata ranges south of the Arkansas River andthroughout the Ouachita Mountains of west-centralArkansas and adjacent southeastern Oklahoma (Trauthet al. 2004, Sievert and Sievert 2011). It is ametamorphic surface-dwelling plethodontid thatfrequents aquatic sites including abandoned mineshafts and spring seeps and can also be found under

damp rocks and logs in deciduous forest. Althoughmuch has been published on the ecology of E.multiplicata (Dundee 1965, Trauth and Dundee 2005),little is published about its helminth parasites.McAllister and Bursey (2010) examined 66 E.multiplicata from Arkansas and Oklahoma andreported three species of nematodes.

The Oklahoma salamander, Eurycea tynerensis(Ozark gray-belly salamanders, Eurycea multiplicatagriseogaster Moore and Hughes 1941 = E. tynerensis[sensu Bonett and Chippendale 2004]) ranges north ofthe Arkansas River in the state throughout the OzarkHighlands and westward to northeastern Oklahomawhere it is found in cool springs, spring-fed creekswith cherty gravel bottoms and cave streams (Trauth etal. 2004). Likewise, a great deal has been published onthe biology of this salamander (Dundee 1965, Ireland1976, Cline et al. 1989, 1997, 2001, Tumlison et al.1990a, b, Tumlison and Cline 2003, Bonett 2005, Emeland Bonett 2011, Martin et al. 2012, Connior et al.2014) but less is available on its helminths. However,most studies are of a fragmentary nature including:Hughes and Moore (1943a,b) who described anacanthocephalan (Fessisentis vancleavei) and amonogenean (Sphyranura euryceae) from E. tynerensisfrom Cherokee County, Oklahoma; Malewitz (1956)reported F. vancleavei from specimens from CherokeeCounty; Buckner and Nickol (1978) provided aredescription of Fessisentis vancleavei(Acanthocephala) from E. tynerensis from Oklahoma;McAllister et al. (1991) reported S. euryceae from E.tynerensis from Arkansas; Bonett et al. (2011) reportedon Clinostomum marginatum in E. tynerensis fromOklahoma; and McAllister et al. (2011) provided astudy of S. euryceae from E. tynerensis fromnortheastern Oklahoma. In the most thorough survey todate, McAllister et al. (1995b) reported trematode,

87

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 68 [2014], Art. 15

Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 2014

nematode, and acanthocephalan parasites fromtynerensisthe Arkansas River Valley. There have also beenseveral unpublished theses on parasites of thissalamander from Arkansas andnot mentioned specifically herein, they are referencedin McAllister et al. (1995b, 2011).

distribution records for some helminth parasites ofmultiplicataof their endoparasites is reported.

Materials and Methods

adult= 35.2 ± 6.6, 19aquatic dipClark (4), Conway (21), Garland (1), Montgomery(21), Polk (1) and Saline (40) counties, Arkansas, andMcCurtain (2) County, Oklahoma; 135 larval,paedomorphic and adult5.3, 23from Benton (3), Carroll (5), Cleburne (8), Franklin(5), Johnson (9), Marion (36), Searcy (68) andWashington (1) counties (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Arkansas and se corner of Oklahoma. Solid dots markcounties whereOuachita Plateau/Arkansas River Valley; open dots mark countieswhere

taken to the laboratory for necropsy. Salamanders werekilled by pr(chlorobutanol) solution. If gills were present, theywere examined for monogeneans under astereomicroscope. A mid


Here, we provide 13 new host and two newdistribution records for some helminth parasites ofmultiplicataof their endoparasites is reported.


Between April 2010 and April 2014, 90 larval andadult E. multiplicata= 35.2 ± 6.6, 19aquatic dipClark (4), Conway (21), Garland (1), Montgomery(21), Polk (1) and Saline (40) counties, Arkansas, andMcCurtain (2) County, Oklahoma; 135 larval,paedomorphic and adult5.3, 23from Benton (3), Carroll (5), Cleburne (8), Franklin(5), Johnson (9), Marion (36), Searcy (68) andWashington (1) counties (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Arkansas and se corner of Oklahoma. Solid dots markcounties whereOuachita Plateau/Arkansas River Valley; open dots mark countieswhere Eurycea tynerensis

Specimens were placed in habitat water on ice andtaken to the laboratory for necropsy. Salamanders werekilled by pr(chlorobutanol) solution. If gills were present, theywere examined for monogeneans under astereomicroscope. A mid


Here, we provide 13 new host and two newdistribution records for some helminth parasites ofmultiplicataof their endoparasites is reported.


Between April 2010 and April 2014, 90 larval andE. multiplicata

= 35.2 ± 6.6, 19aquatic dipClark (4), Conway (21), Garland (1), Montgomery(21), Polk (1) and Saline (40) counties, Arkansas, andMcCurtain (2) County, Oklahoma; 135 larval,paedomorphic and adult5.3, 23-53 mm) were collected in the samfrom Benton (3), Carroll (5), Cleburne (8), Franklin(5), Johnson (9), Marion (36), Searcy (68) andWashington (1) counties (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Arkansas and se corner of Oklahoma. Solid dots markcounties whereOuachita Plateau/Arkansas River Valley; open dots mark counties

Eurycea tynerensis

Specimens were placed in habitat water on ice andtaken to the laboratory for necropsy. Salamanders werekilled by pr(chlorobutanol) solution. If gills were present, theywere examined for monogeneans under astereomicroscope. A mid

nematode, and acanthocephalan parasites fromtynerensis (=the Arkansas River Valley. There have also beenseveral unpublished theses on parasites of thissalamander from Arkansas andnot mentioned specifically herein, they are referencedin McAllister et al. (1995b, 2011).

Here, we provide 13 new host and two newdistribution records for some helminth parasites ofmultiplicata andof their endoparasites is reported.



= 35.2 ± 6.6, 19aquatic dip-net from (sample sizesClark (4), Conway (21), Garland (1), Montgomery(21), Polk (1) and Saline (40) counties, Arkansas, andMcCurtain (2) County, Oklahoma; 135 larval,paedomorphic and adult

53 mm) were collected in the samfrom Benton (3), Carroll (5), Cleburne (8), Franklin(5), Johnson (9), Marion (36), Searcy (68) andWashington (1) counties (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Arkansas and se corner of Oklahoma. Solid dots markcounties whereOuachita Plateau/Arkansas River Valley; open dots mark counties

Eurycea tynerensis

Specimens were placed in habitat water on ice andtaken to the laboratory for necropsy. Salamanders werekilled by prolonged immersion in a dilute chloretone(chlorobutanol) solution. If gills were present, theywere examined for monogeneans under astereomicroscope. A mid

nematode, and acanthocephalan parasites from(=E. m. griseogaster

the Arkansas River Valley. There have also beenseveral unpublished theses on parasites of thissalamander from Arkansas andnot mentioned specifically herein, they are referencedin McAllister et al. (1995b, 2011).

Here, we provide 13 new host and two newdistribution records for some helminth parasites of

andof their endoparasites is reported.



= 35.2 ± 6.6, 19net from (sample sizes

Clark (4), Conway (21), Garland (1), Montgomery(21), Polk (1) and Saline (40) counties, Arkansas, andMcCurtain (2) County, Oklahoma; 135 larval,paedomorphic and adult


Figure 1. Arkansas and se corner of Oklahoma. Solid dots markcounties where Eurycea multiplicataOuachita Plateau/Arkansas River Valley; open dots mark counties

Eurycea tynerensis

Specimens were placed in habitat water on ice andtaken to the laboratory for necropsy. Salamanders were

olonged immersion in a dilute chloretone(chlorobutanol) solution. If gills were present, theywere examined for monogeneans under astereomicroscope. A mid

nematode, and acanthocephalan parasites fromE. m. griseogaster



and E. tynerensisof their endoparasites is reported.



= 35.2 ± 6.6, 19-48 mm) were collected by hand ornet from (sample sizes



Figure 1. Arkansas and se corner of Oklahoma. Solid dots markEurycea multiplicata

Ouachita Plateau/Arkansas River Valley; open dots mark countiesEurycea tynerensis






E. tynerensisof their endoparasites is reported.


Between April 2010 and April 2014, 90 larval andE. multiplicata (mean ± snout

48 mm) were collected by hand ornet from (sample sizes




Ouachita Plateau/Arkansas River Valley; open dots mark countiesEurycea tynerensis were collected on the Ozark Plateau.








Between April 2010 and April 2014, 90 larval and(mean ± snout


Clark (4), Conway (21), Garland (1), Montgomery(21), Polk (1) and Saline (40) counties, Arkansas, andMcCurtain (2) County, Oklahoma; 135 larval,paedomorphic and adult E. tynerensis



Ouachita Plateau/Arkansas River Valley; open dots mark countieswere collected on the Ozark Plateau.



C.T. McAllister, M.B. Co

Journal of the Arkansas Academy







Clark (4), Conway (21), Garland (1), Montgomery(21), Polk (1) and Saline (40) counties, Arkansas, andMcCurtain (2) County, Oklahoma; 135 larval,

E. tynerensis53 mm) were collected in the sam

from Benton (3), Carroll (5), Cleburne (8), Franklin(5), Johnson (9), Marion (36), Searcy (68) andWashington (1) counties (Fig. 1).




olonged immersion in a dilute chloretone(chlorobutanol) solution. If gills were present, theywere examined for monogeneans under astereomicroscope. A mid-ventral incision was made to



nematode, and acanthocephalan parasites fromE. m. griseogaster) from seven counties of



E. tynerensis. In addition, a sof their endoparasites is reported.









olonged immersion in a dilute chloretone(chlorobutanol) solution. If gills were present, theywere examined for monogeneans under a

ventral incision was made to



nematode, and acanthocephalan parasites from) from seven counties of

the Arkansas River Valley. There have also beenseveral unpublished theses on parasites of thissalamander from Arkansas and Oklahoma, and whilenot mentioned specifically herein, they are referencedin McAllister et al. (1995b, 2011).


. In addition, a sof their endoparasites is reported.






Figure 1. Arkansas and se corner of Oklahoma. Solid dots markEurycea multiplicata were collect








the Arkansas River Valley. There have also beenseveral unpublished theses on parasites of this

Oklahoma, and whilenot mentioned specifically herein, they are referenced


. In addition, a s

Between April 2010 and April 2014, 90 larval and(mean ± snout-vent length [SVL]




from Benton (3), Carroll (5), Cleburne (8), Franklin(5), Johnson (9), Marion (36), Searcy (68) and

Figure 1. Arkansas and se corner of Oklahoma. Solid dots markwere collect











. In addition, a s

Between April 2010 and April 2014, 90 larval andvent length [SVL]

48 mm) were collected by hand ornet from (sample sizes in parentheses)


([SVL] = 41.5 ±53 mm) were collected in the sam













. In addition, a s


48 mm) were collected by hand orin parentheses)


([SVL] = 41.5 ±53 mm) were collected in the sam













. In addition, a summary




([SVL] = 41.5 ±53 mm) were collected in the same manner


Figure 1. Arkansas and se corner of Oklahoma. Solid dots markwere collected on the











ummary




([SVL] = 41.5 ±e manner


Figure 1. Arkansas and se corner of Oklahoma. Solid dots marked on the





C.T. McAllister, M.B. Connior, C.R. Bursey and H.W. Robison


nematode, and acanthocephalan parasites from E.) from seven counties of



Here, we provide 13 new host and two newdistribution records for some helminth parasites of E.

ummary









olonged immersion in a dilute chloretone®

(chlorobutanol) solution. If gills were present, theywere examined for monogeneans under a


nnior, C.R. Bursey and H.W. Robison


E.) from seven counties of



Here, we provide 13 new host and two newE.

ummary







Ouachita Plateau/Arkansas River Valley; open dots mark counties


®

(chlorobutanol) solution. If gills were present, theywere examined for monogeneans under a



Journal of the Arkansas Academy88



expose the viscera and the entire gastrointestinal tract,liver, gawere examined for helminths.cestodes were stained with acetocarmine and mountedin Canada balsam, and nematodes andacanthocephalans were placed on a glass slide in a dropof undiluted glyceromean intensity, and range of infection are provided andare in accordance with terminology given in Bush et al.(1997).in the United States National Parasite Collection(USNPC),specimens were deposited in the Arkansas StateUniversity Museum of Zoology, HerpetologicalCollection (ASUMZ) as ASUMZ 3260532616.

Results and Discussion

trematodes,acanthocephalans. Six helminths were found inmultiplicatatynerensisTwelve (13%) of thethedetailed annotated list of the helminths recovered fromE. multiplicatawith a Table summarizing all helminths reported fromthese two hosts.

Digenea: Brachycoeli

Dujardin, 1845.salamandraelarval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.Hwy. 8, Montgomery County (93.845254°W)mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) possessed two and threeworms in their small intestine, respectively.McAllister et al. (1995) reportedE. tynerensisArkansas include six salamanders, four frogs/toads anda skink (McAllister 2013c, 2014). Interestingly,McAllister et al. (2014) recently noted they haddoubts about Old World and New WorldsalamandraeBursey et al. 2012), and suggested caution with theirformer conclusions (McAllister et al. 2013d) and untila molecular approach was completed (V.V. Tkach,





We found 13 helminths, including threetrematodes,acanthocephalans. Six helminths were found inmultiplicatatynerensisTwelve (13%) of thethedetailed annotated list of the helminths recovered fromE. multiplicatawith a Table summarizing all helminths reported fromthese two hosts.

Digenea: BrachycoeliBrachycoelium



of Science, Vol. 68, 2014



We found 13 helminths, including threetrematodes,acanthocephalans. Six helminths were found inmultiplicatatynerensisTwelve (13%) of thethe E.detailed annotated list of the helminths recovered fromE. multiplicatawith a Table summarizing all helminths reported fromthese two hosts.





expose the viscera and the entire gastrointestinal tract,liver, gall bladder, spleen, urinary bladder and gonadswere examined for helminths.cestodes were stained with acetocarmine and mountedin Canada balsam, and nematodes andacanthocephalans were placed on a glass slide in a dropof undiluted glyceromean intensity, and range of infection are provided andare in accordance with terminology given in Bush et al.(1997). Helminth voucher specimens were depositedin the United States National Parasite Collection(USNPC),specimens were deposited in the Arkansas StateUniversity Museum of Zoology, HerpetologicalCollection (ASUMZ) as ASUMZ 3260532616.


We found 13 helminths, including threetrematodes,acanthocephalans. Six helminths were found inmultiplicatatynerensis; four helminths were shared by both species.Twelve (13%) of the

E. tynerensisdetailed annotated list of the helminths recovered fromE. multiplicatawith a Table summarizing all helminths reported fromthese two hosts.





expose the viscera and the entire gastrointestinal tract,ll bladder, spleen, urinary bladder and gonads

were examined for helminths.cestodes were stained with acetocarmine and mountedin Canada balsam, and nematodes andacanthocephalans were placed on a glass slide in a dropof undiluted glyceromean intensity, and range of infection are provided andare in accordance with terminology given in Bush et al.

Helminth voucher specimens were depositedin the United States National Parasite Collection

Beltsville, Maryland. Host voucherspecimens were deposited in the Arkansas StateUniversity Museum of Zoology, HerpetologicalCollection (ASUMZ) as ASUMZ 32605


We found 13 helminths, including threetrematodes, three cestodes, five nematodes, and twoacanthocephalans. Six helminths were found inmultiplicata and 10 helminths were harbored by

; four helminths were shared by both species.Twelve (13%) of the

tynerensisdetailed annotated list of the helminths recovered fromE. multiplicatawith a Table summarizing all helminths reported fromthese two hosts.


Dujardin, 1845.salamandrae (Fig. 2) in three (3%)larval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.Hwy. 8, Montgomery County (93.845254°W)mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) possessed two and threeworms in their small intestine, respectively.McAllister et al. (1995) reportedE. tynerensis from Conway CArkansas include six salamanders, four frogs/toads anda skink (McAllister 2013c, 2014). Interestingly,McAllister et al. (2014) recently noted they haddoubts about Old World and New WorldsalamandraeBursey et al. 2012), and suggested caution with theirformer conclusions (McAllister et al. 2013d) and untila molecular approach was completed (V.V. Tkach,








We found 13 helminths, including threethree cestodes, five nematodes, and two

acanthocephalans. Six helminths were found inand 10 helminths were harbored by


tynerensisdetailed annotated list of the helminths recovered fromE. multiplicata andwith a Table summarizing all helminths reported fromthese two hosts.


Dujardin, 1845.(Fig. 2) in three (3%)

larval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.Hwy. 8, Montgomery County (93.845254°W) had six worms and two adults (34, 38mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) possessed two and threeworms in their small intestine, respectively.McAllister et al. (1995) reported

from Conway CArkansas include six salamanders, four frogs/toads anda skink (McAllister 2013c, 2014). Interestingly,McAllister et al. (2014) recently noted they haddoubts about Old World and New World

being conspecificBursey et al. 2012), and suggested caution with theirformer conclusions (McAllister et al. 2013d) and untila molecular approach was completed (V.V. Tkach,











tynerensis harbored at least one helminth. Adetailed annotated list of the helminths recovered from

andwith a Table summarizing all helminths reported from

TREMATODADigenea: Brachycoeli

BrachycoeliumDujardin, 1845. –

(Fig. 2) in three (3%)larval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.Hwy. 8, Montgomery County (

had six worms and two adults (34, 38mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) possessed two and threeworms in their small intestine, respectively.McAllister et al. (1995) reported






were examined for helminths.cestodes were stained with acetocarmine and mountedin Canada balsam, and nematodes andacanthocephalans were placed on a glass slide in a dropof undiluted glycerol for identification. Prevalence,mean intensity, and range of infection are provided andare in accordance with terminology given in Bush et al.






; four helminths were shared by both species.Twelve (13%) of the E. multiplicata

harbored at least one helminth. Adetailed annotated list of the helminths recovered from

and E. tynerensiswith a Table summarizing all helminths reported from

TREMATODADigenea: Brachycoeliidae

cf.– We tentatively document








were examined for helminths.cestodes were stained with acetocarmine and mountedin Canada balsam, and nematodes andacanthocephalans were placed on a glass slide in a drop

l for identification. Prevalence,mean intensity, and range of infection are provided andare in accordance with terminology given in Bush et al.






; four helminths were shared by both species.E. multiplicata


E. tynerensiswith a Table summarizing all helminths reported from

TREMATODAidae

cf. salamandraeWe tentatively document

















TREMATODAidae

salamandraeWe tentatively document















TREMATODA




from Conway County. Other hosts fromArkansas include six salamanders, four frogs/toads anda skink (McAllister 2013c, 2014). Interestingly,McAllister et al. (2014) recently noted they haddoubts about Old World and New World











E. tynerensis is presented below,with a Table summarizing all helminths reported from

TREMATODA


(Fig. 2) in three (3%) E. multiplicatalarval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.Hwy. 8, Montgomery County (

had six worms and two adults (34, 38mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) possessed two and threeworms in their small intestine, respectively.McAllister et al. (1995) reported B. salamandrae

ounty. Other hosts fromArkansas include six salamanders, four frogs/toads anda skink (McAllister 2013c, 2014). Interestingly,McAllister et al. (2014) recently noted they haddoubts about Old World and New World

being conspecific (see summary byBursey et al. 2012), and suggested caution with theirformer conclusions (McAllister et al. 2013d) and untila molecular approach was completed (V.V. Tkach,


were examined for helminths. Trematodes andcestodes were stained with acetocarmine and mountedin Canada balsam, and nematodes andacanthocephalans were placed on a glass slide in a drop






; four helminths were shared by both species.E. multiplicata and 41 (30%) of


is presented below,with a Table summarizing all helminths reported from

salamandrae (Frölich, 1789)We tentatively document

E. multiplicatalarval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.Hwy. 8, Montgomery County (

had six worms and two adults (34, 38mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) possessed two and threeworms in their small intestine, respectively.

B. salamandraeounty. Other hosts from

Arkansas include six salamanders, four frogs/toads anda skink (McAllister 2013c, 2014). Interestingly,McAllister et al. (2014) recently noted they haddoubts about Old World and New World

(see summary byBursey et al. 2012), and suggested caution with theirformer conclusions (McAllister et al. 2013d) and untila molecular approach was completed (V.V. Tkach,


Trematodes andcestodes were stained with acetocarmine and mountedin Canada balsam, and nematodes andacanthocephalans were placed on a glass slide in a drop






; four helminths were shared by both species.and 41 (30%) of



(Frölich, 1789)We tentatively document

E. multiplicatalarval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.Hwy. 8, Montgomery County (34.456421°N,

had six worms and two adults (34, 38mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) possessed two and threeworms in their small intestine, respectively.








Beltsville, Maryland. Host voucherspecimens were deposited in the Arkansas StateUniversity Museum of Zoology, HerpetologicalCollection (ASUMZ) as ASUMZ 32605-32611 and







E. multiplicatalarval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.

34.456421°N,had six worms and two adults (34, 38

mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) possessed two and threeworms in their small intestine, respectively.








Beltsville, Maryland. Host voucherspecimens were deposited in the Arkansas StateUniversity Museum of Zoology, Herpetological

32611 and







E. multiplicatalarval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.




Arkansas include six salamanders, four frogs/toads anda skink (McAllister 2013c, 2014). Interestingly,McAllister et al. (2014) recently noted they had seriousdoubts about Old World and New World







32611 and







E. multiplicata. Alarval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.



B. salamandrae fromounty. Other hosts from

Arkansas include six salamanders, four frogs/toads anda skink (McAllister 2013c, 2014). Interestingly,

seriousdoubts about Old World and New World







32611 and


acanthocephalans. Six helminths were found in E.and 10 helminths were harbored by E.




(Frölich, 1789)We tentatively document B.

. Alarval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.



fromounty. Other hosts from


seriousdoubts about Old World and New World B.







32611 and


E.E.




(Frölich, 1789)B.

. Alarval specimen (35 mm SVL) from Cox Spring off St.



fromounty. Other hosts from


seriousB.

(see summary byBursey et al. 2012), and suggested caution with theirformer conclusions (McAllister et al. 2013d) and until

88


http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol68/iss1/15

pers. commpers. commeventually verified, this is agenus

Figure 2.multiplicatascale bar = 200 µm. Abbreviations: O (ovary); T (testes). Inset: twoova; scale bar = 25 µ

Gorgoderidae

(3%)Ramblewood Trail, Searcy County (36.059975°N,92.59847°W) were infected with three and onesolidum(USNPthese salamanders, not the urinary bladder. Thisdigenean has been previously reported from northerndusky salamander,(Dyer 1986), New York (Goodchild 1943[experimental infecti1937a, b) and Ohio (Groves 1945) and northern twolined salamander,(Groves 1945). The life cycle involves fingernailclams (dragonfly nymphs as second

pers. commeventually verified, this is agenus Brachycoelium


GorgoderidaePhyllodistomum solidum

(3%)Ramblewood Trail, Searcy County (36.059975°N,92.59847°W) were infected with three and onesolidum(USNPthese salamanders, not the urinary bladder. Thisdigenean has been previously reported from northerndusky salamander,(Dyer 1986), New York (Goodchild 1943[experimental infecti1937a, b) and Ohio (Groves 1945) and northern twolined salamander,(Groves 1945). The life cycle involves fingernailclams (dragonfly nymphs as second

pers. commeventually verified, this is agenus Brachycoelium



(3%) E. tynerensisRamblewood Trail, Searcy County (36.059975°N,92.59847°W) were infected with three and onesolidum, respectively. Interestingly, the specimens(USNPC 108057) came from the intestinal tract ofthese salamanders, not the urinary bladder. Thisdigenean has been previously reported from northerndusky salamander,(Dyer 1986), New York (Goodchild 1943[experimental infecti1937a, b) and Ohio (Groves 1945) and northern twolined salamander,(Groves 1945). The life cycle involves fingernailclams (Pisidiumdragonfly nymphs as second

pers. comm.).eventually verified, this is a

Brachycoelium

Figure 2. Brachycoeliummultiplicata, Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;scale bar = 200 µm. Abbreviations: O (ovary); T (testes). Inset: twoova; scale bar = 25 µ


E. tynerensisRamblewood Trail, Searcy County (36.059975°N,92.59847°W) were infected with three and one

, respectively. Interestingly, the specimensC 108057) came from the intestinal tract of

these salamanders, not the urinary bladder. Thisdigenean has been previously reported from northerndusky salamander,(Dyer 1986), New York (Goodchild 1943[experimental infecti1937a, b) and Ohio (Groves 1945) and northern twolined salamander,(Groves 1945). The life cycle involves fingernail

Pisidiumdragonfly nymphs as second

.).eventually verified, this is a

Brachycoelium

Brachycoelium, Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;

scale bar = 200 µm. Abbreviations: O (ovary); T (testes). Inset: twoova; scale bar = 25 µ


E. tynerensisRamblewood Trail, Searcy County (36.059975°N,92.59847°W) were infected with three and one



Pisidiumdragonfly nymphs as second

However, regardless what species iseventually verified, this is a

Brachycoelium


scale bar = 200 µm. Abbreviations: O (ovary); T (testes). Inset: twoova; scale bar = 25 µm.

Phyllodistomum solidumE. tynerensis

Ramblewood Trail, Searcy County (36.059975°N,92.59847°W) were infected with three and one



Pisidium sp.) as first intermediate hosts anddragonfly nymphs as second


Brachycoelium.


scale bar = 200 µm. Abbreviations: O (ovary); T (testes). Inset: twom.

Phyllodistomum solidumE. tynerensis



these salamanders, not the urinary bladder. Thisdigenean has been previously reported from northerndusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus(Dyer 1986), New York (Goodchild 1943[experimental infection]), North Carolina (Rankin1937a, b) and Ohio (Groves 1945) and northern twolined salamander, Eurycea bislineata(Groves 1945). The life cycle involves fingernail

sp.) as first intermediate hosts anddragonfly nymphs as second


Brachycoelium cf., Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;

scale bar = 200 µm. Abbreviations: O (ovary); T (testes). Inset: two

Phyllodistomum solidumfrom 3 km S of Mull off



these salamanders, not the urinary bladder. Thisdigenean has been previously reported from northern

Desmognathus fuscus(Dyer 1986), New York (Goodchild 1943

on]), North Carolina (Rankin1937a, b) and Ohio (Groves 1945) and northern two

Eurycea bislineata(Groves 1945). The life cycle involves fingernail




cf., Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;


Phyllodistomum solidumfrom 3 km S of Mull off









However, regardless what species iseventually verified, this is a new host record for the

cf. salamandrae, Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;


Phyllodistomum solidum Rankin, 1937.from 3 km S of Mull off









However, regardless what species isnew host record for the

salamandrae, Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;


Rankin, 1937.from 3 km S of Mull off



















sp.) as first intermediate hosts andintermediate hosts















from, Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;






from Illinois(Dyer 1986), New York (Goodchild 1943


from Ohio(Groves 1945). The life cycle involves fingernail


Helminths of



from, Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;










Helminths of



from Eurycea, Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;


Rankin, 1937. –Twofrom 3 km S of Mull off








Helminths of



Eurycea, Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;


Twofrom 3 km S of Mull off

Ramblewood Trail, Searcy County (36.059975°N,92.59847°W) were infected with three and one P.




on]), North Carolina (Rankin1937a, b) and Ohio (Groves 1945) and northern two-



Helminths of



Eurycea, Saline County, Arkansas. Note uterus (U) with ova;


Twofrom 3 km S of Mull off

Ramblewood Trail, Searcy County (36.059975°N,P.




on]), North Carolina (Rankin-



Helminths of Eurycea


Eurycea


(Goodchild 1943). Thus, we document a new host anda significant new geographic record for

tynerensisMull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Cou(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)(1937a) describedsalamander (Carolina. There are currently at least 52 recognizedspeciesNorth American salamandersDesmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,Notophthalamusand Manis (1976) reported(Stafford, 1902) Staffordschistorchis(Lithobates catesbeianus(Necturus maculosus louisianensisrespectively. This is only the second report ofsince the original descriptihost and geographic record. Molecular analysis of theITS2/28S region is ongoing (T.J. Fayton,

Cyclophyllidea

Mull, Marion Countyharbcysticerci in the mesenteries. Cysticerci werespheroidal to ovoidal and possessed calcareouscorpuscles (USNPC 107940, Fig. 3). This is the firsttime cyclophyllidean tapeworm cysticerci have beenreported from this

Figure 3. Unknown tapeworm cysticerci fromMarion County, Arkansas. (A) Spheroidal shape (B) Ovoidal shape.Scale bars = 25 µm.

Eurycea



GorgoderinatynerensisMull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Cou(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)(1937a) describedsalamander (Carolina. There are currently at least 52 recognizedspeciesNorth American salamandersDesmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,Notophthalamusand Manis (1976) reported(Stafford, 1902) StaffordschistorchisLithobates catesbeianusNecturus maculosus louisianensis

respectively. This is only the second report ofsince the original descriptihost and geographic record. Molecular analysis of theITS2/28S region is ongoing (T.J. Fayton,

CyclophyllideaTwo

Mull, Marion Countyharbcysticerci in the mesenteries. Cysticerci werespheroidal to ovoidal and possessed calcareouscorpuscles (USNPC 107940, Fig. 3). This is the firsttime cyclophyllidean tapeworm cysticerci have beenreported from this


Eurycea spp.



GorgoderinatynerensisMull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Cou(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)(1937a) describedsalamander (Carolina. There are currently at least 52 recognizedspeciesNorth American salamandersDesmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,Notophthalamusand Manis (1976) reported(Stafford, 1902) StaffordschistorchisLithobates catesbeianusNecturus maculosus louisianensis


CyclophyllideaTwo

Mull, Marion Countyharbored unknown cyclophyllidean tapewormcysticerci in the mesenteries. Cysticerci werespheroidal to ovoidal and possessed calcareouscorpuscles (USNPC 107940, Fig. 3). This is the firsttime cyclophyllidean tapeworm cysticerci have beenreported from this


spp.



GorgoderinatynerensisMull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Cou(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)(1937a) describedsalamander (Carolina. There are currently at least 52 recognized

ofNorth American salamandersDesmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,Notophthalamusand Manis (1976) reported(Stafford, 1902) StaffordschistorchisLithobates catesbeianusNecturus maculosus louisianensis


CyclophyllideaTwo E. tynerensis

Mull, Marion Countyored unknown cyclophyllidean tapeworm

cysticerci in the mesenteries. Cysticerci werespheroidal to ovoidal and possessed calcareouscorpuscles (USNPC 107940, Fig. 3). This is the firsttime cyclophyllidean tapeworm cysticerci have beenreported from this




Gorgoderina(42.9 ± 3.3, 36

Mull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Cou(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)(1937a) describedsalamander (Carolina. There are currently at least 52 recognized

of GorgoderinaNorth American salamandersDesmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,Notophthalamusand Manis (1976) reported(Stafford, 1902) Staffordschistorchis Steelman, 1938 from American bullfrogLithobates catesbeianusNecturus maculosus louisianensis


CyclophyllideaE. tynerensis






Gorgoderina(42.9 ± 3.3, 36

Mull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Cou(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)(1937a) describedsalamander (Eurycea guttolineataCarolina. There are currently at least 52 recognized

GorgoderinaNorth American salamandersDesmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,Notophthalamus spp.)and Manis (1976) reported(Stafford, 1902) Stafford

Steelman, 1938 from American bullfrogLithobates catesbeianusNecturus maculosus louisianensis


CyclophyllideaE. tynerensis






tenua(42.9 ± 3.3, 36

Mull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Cou(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)(1937a) described

Eurycea guttolineataCarolina. There are currently at least 52 recognized

GorgoderinaNorth American salamandersDesmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,

spp.)and Manis (1976) reported(Stafford, 1902) Stafford



CESTOIDEA

E. tynerensisMull, Marion County

ored unknown cyclophyllidean tapewormcysticerci in the mesenteries. Cysticerci werespheroidal to ovoidal and possessed calcareouscorpuscles (USNPC 107940, Fig. 3). This is the firsttime cyclophyllidean tapeworm cysticerci have beenreported from this salamander.

Figure 3. Unknown tapeworm cysticerci fromMarion County, Arkansas. (A) Spheroidal shape (B) Ovoidal shape.



tenua(42.9 ± 3.3, 36

Mull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Cou(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)(1937a) described G. tenua


GorgoderinaNorth American salamandersDesmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,

spp.) (Mataand Manis (1976) reported(Stafford, 1902) Stafford



CESTOIDEA

E. tynerensisMull, Marion County

ored unknown cyclophyllidean tapewormcysticerci in the mesenteries. Cysticerci werespheroidal to ovoidal and possessed calcareouscorpuscles (USNPC 107940, Fig. 3). This is the firsttime cyclophyllidean tapeworm cysticerci have been

salamander.




tenua Rankin, 1937(42.9 ± 3.3, 36-46 mm SVL) from 3 km S of

Mull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Cou(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)

G. tenuaEurycea guttolineata

Carolina. There are currently at least 52 recognizedGorgoderina Looss, 1902 with five from

North American salamandersDesmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,

(Mataand Manis (1976) reported(Stafford, 1902) Stafford

Steelman, 1938 from American bullfrogLithobates catesbeianus) and Red River mudpuppyNecturus maculosus louisianensis


CESTOIDEA

(3%) from Panther Creek atMull, Marion County (36.082643


salamander.




Rankin, 193746 mm SVL) from 3 km S of

Mull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Cou(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W) were infected with one tofour (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)

G. tenuaEurycea guttolineata

Carolina. There are currently at least 52 recognizedLooss, 1902 with five from

North American salamandersDesmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,

(Mata-López et al. 2005). Rosenand Manis (1976) reported(Stafford, 1902) Stafford 1905 and

Steelman, 1938 from American bullfrog) and Red River mudpuppy

Necturus maculosus louisianensisrespectively. This is only the second report ofsince the original description and we document a newhost and geographic record. Molecular analysis of theITS2/28S region is ongoing (T.J. Fayton,

CESTOIDEA

(3%) from Panther Creek at36.082643


salamander.




Mull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Couwere infected with one to

four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)G. tenua


Looss, 1902 with five fromNorth American salamanders (Ambystoma, Eurycea,Desmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,

López et al. 2005). Rosenand Manis (1976) reported Gorgoderina attenuata

1905 andSteelman, 1938 from American bullfrog

) and Red River mudpuppyNecturus maculosus louisianensis

respectively. This is only the second report ofon and we document a new

host and geographic record. Molecular analysis of theITS2/28S region is ongoing (T.J. Fayton,

CESTOIDEA

(3%) from Panther Creek at36.082643


salamander.





four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1)G. tenua


Looss, 1902 with five fromAmbystoma, Eurycea,

Desmognathus, Pseudotriton, Necturus,López et al. 2005). Rosen

Gorgoderina attenuata1905 and


Necturus maculosus louisianensisrespectively. This is only the second report of

on and we document a newhost and geographic record. Molecular analysis of theITS2/28S region is ongoing (T.J. Fayton,

CESTOIDEA

(3%) from Panther Creek at36.082643°N



(Goodchild 1943). Thus, we document a new host anda significant new geographic record for P. solidum



four (mean intensity = 1.4 ± 1.1) G. tenuafrom three

Eurycea guttolineata) from NorthCarolina. There are currently at least 52 recognized



Gorgoderina attenuata1905 and


Necturus maculosus louisianensis) from Arkansas,respectively. This is only the second report of

on and we document a newhost and geographic record. Molecular analysis of theITS2/28S region is ongoing (T.J. Fayton,

(3%) from Panther Creek at°N, 92.594726


Figure 3. Unknown tapeworm cysticerci from Eurycea tynerensisMarion County, Arkansas. (A) Spheroidal shape (B) Ovoidal shape.

(Goodchild 1943). Thus, we document a new host anda significant new geographic record for P. solidum

Rankin, 1937 –46 mm SVL) from 3 km S of


G. tenuafrom three

) from NorthCarolina. There are currently at least 52 recognized



Gorgoderina attenuata1905 and Gorgoderina


) from Arkansas,respectively. This is only the second report of

on and we document a newhost and geographic record. Molecular analysis of theITS2/28S region is ongoing (T.J. Fayton, pers. comm

(3%) from Panther Creek at, 92.594726


Eurycea tynerensisMarion County, Arkansas. (A) Spheroidal shape (B) Ovoidal shape.

(Goodchild 1943). Thus, we document a new host andP. solidum

– Seven46 mm SVL) from 3 km S of


G. tenuafrom three




Gorgoderina attenuataGorgoderina


) from Arkansas,respectively. This is only the second report of

on and we document a newhost and geographic record. Molecular analysis of the

pers. comm




(Goodchild 1943). Thus, we document a new host andP. solidum

Seven46 mm SVL) from 3 km S of


G. tenua. Rankinfrom three






) from Arkansas,respectively. This is only the second report of G. tenua


pers. comm




(Goodchild 1943). Thus, we document a new host andP. solidum.

Seven46 mm SVL) from 3 km S of

Mull off Ramblewood Trail, Searcy Countywere infected with one to

. Rankinfrom three-lined






) from Arkansas,G. tenua


pers. comm

(3%) from Panther Creek at, 92.594726°W



(Goodchild 1943). Thus, we document a new host and

Seven E.46 mm SVL) from 3 km S of

ntywere infected with one to

. Rankinlined






) from Arkansas,G. tenua


pers. comm.).

(3%) from Panther Creek atW)


Eurycea tynerensis,Marion County, Arkansas. (A) Spheroidal shape (B) Ovoidal shape.

(Goodchild 1943). Thus, we document a new host and

E.46 mm SVL) from 3 km S of

ntywere infected with one to

. Rankinlined




GorgoderinaSteelman, 1938 from American bullfrog

) and Red River mudpuppy) from Arkansas,


(3%) from Panther Creek at


89



Cyclophyllidea: Cylindrotaeniidae

(2%)of Oark off St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (93.584011°Wtapeworms (USNPC 107961) in the small intestine thatmatch the description ofPrevioussalamander,slimy salamander,salamander,treefrog,Thereand its geographic range stretches north to south fromAlberta, Canada to Uruguay, including 18 U.S. states,two provinces of Canada, Trinidad, Costa Rica,Mexico, and seven South American countries (seeMcAllrecord and the first report of this tapeworm insalamanders of the genus

Pseudophyllidea: Bothriocephalidae

E. multiplicataShannon Hills, Saline County (34.60996°N,92.43227°W) each harbored one worm, and six (4%)E. tynerensisBenton County ((35.1 ± 4.5, 29Searcy County (infected with4) in their small intestines. Intensity of infection was1.5 ± 0.9, 1previously reported from the dwarf salamander,Eurycea quadridigitataEurycea longicauda melanopleura(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West VirginiaMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new hostrecords for

Seuratoidea: Quimperiidae

and Esch, 1987.5.6, range 28(mean intensity = 2.2 ± 1.9, range 1nantahalaensissmall intestines. One salamander came from S of Oarkoff St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (

Cyclophyllidea: CylindrotaeniidaeCylindrotaenia americana

(2%) E. tynof Oark off St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (93.584011°Wtapeworms (USNPC 107961) in the small intestine thatmatch the description ofPrevioussalamander,slimy salamander,salamander,treefrog,Thereand its geographic range stretches north to south fromAlberta, Canada to Uruguay, including 18 U.S. states,two provinces of Canada, Trinidad, Costa Rica,Mexico, and seven South American countries (seeMcAllrecord and the first report of this tapeworm insalamanders of the genus

Pseudophyllidea: BothriocephalidaeBothriocephalus rarus


Seuratoidea: QuimperiidaeDesmognathinema nantahalaensis



E. tynof Oark off St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (93.584011°Wtapeworms (USNPC 107961) in the small intestine thatmatch the description ofPrevious hosts from Arkansas include Ouachita duskysalamander,slimy salamander,salamander,treefrog, Hyla avivocaThere are many other amphibian hosts ofand its geographic range stretches north to south fromAlberta, Canada to Uruguay, including 18 U.S. states,two provinces of Canada, Trinidad, Costa Rica,Mexico, and seven South American countries (seeMcAllister et al. 2013c). We document a new hostrecord and the first report of this tapeworm insalamanders of the genus






E. tynerensisof Oark off St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (93.584011°Wtapeworms (USNPC 107961) in the small intestine thatmatch the description of

hosts from Arkansas include Ouachita duskysalamander,slimy salamander,salamander,treefrog, Hyla avivoca

are many other amphibian hosts ofand its geographic range stretches north to south fromAlberta, Canada to Uruguay, including 18 U.S. states,two provinces of Canada, Trinidad, Costa Rica,Mexico, and seven South American countries (see

ister et al. 2013c). We document a new hostrecord and the first report of this tapeworm insalamanders of the genus


E. multiplicataShannon Hills, Saline County (34.60996°N,92.43227°W) each harbored one worm, and six (4%)E. tynerensisBenton County ((35.1 ± 4.5, 29Searcy County (infected with4) in their small intestines. Intensity of infection was1.5 ± 0.9, 1previously reported from the dwarf salamander,Eurycea quadridigitataEurycea longicauda melanopleura(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West VirginiaMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new hostrecords for B. rarus




erensisof Oark off St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (93.584011°W) had nine immature cyclophyllideantapeworms (USNPC 107961) in the small intestine thatmatch the description of

hosts from Arkansas include Ouachita duskysalamander, Desmognathus brimleyorumslimy salamander,salamander, Plethodon angusticlavius

Hyla avivocaare many other amphibian hosts of

and its geographic range stretches north to south fromAlberta, Canada to Uruguay, including 18 U.S. states,two provinces of Canada, Trinidad, Costa Rica,Mexico, and seven South American countries (see



E. multiplicataShannon Hills, Saline County (34.60996°N,92.43227°W) each harbored one worm, and six (4%)E. tynerensis, one (30 mm SVL) from Spavinaw Creek,Benton County ((35.1 ± 4.5, 29-Searcy County (infected with B. rarus4) in their small intestines. Intensity of infection was1.5 ± 0.9, 1-3 worms. This tapeworm has beenpreviously reported from the dwarf salamander,Eurycea quadridigitataEurycea longicauda melanopleura(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West VirginiaMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new host

B. rarus


and Esch, 1987.5.6, range 28-47 mm SVL) harbored a total(mean intensity = 2.2 ± 1.9, range 1nantahalaensissmall intestines. One salamander came from S of Oarkoff St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (


erensisof Oark off St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (

) had nine immature cyclophyllideantapeworms (USNPC 107961) in the small intestine thatmatch the description of

hosts from Arkansas include Ouachita duskyDesmognathus brimleyorum

slimy salamander,Plethodon angusticlavius





(37, 38 mm SVL) collected fromShannon Hills, Saline County (34.60996°N,92.43227°W) each harbored one worm, and six (4%)

, one (30 mm SVL) from Spavinaw Creek,Benton County (36.353059°N, 94.552347°W) and five

-45 mm SVL) from 3 km S of Mull,Searcy County (36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)

B. rarus4) in their small intestines. Intensity of infection was

3 worms. This tapeworm has beenpreviously reported from the dwarf salamander,Eurycea quadridigitataEurycea longicauda melanopleura(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West VirginiaMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new host

B. rarus


and Esch, 1987. –47 mm SVL) harbored a total

(mean intensity = 2.2 ± 1.9, range 1(USNPC 107937, 107941) in their

small intestines. One salamander came from S of Oarkoff St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (


(40 mm SVL) from a spring seep Sof Oark off St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (



slimy salamander, Plethodon albagulaPlethodon angusticlavius






, one (30 mm SVL) from Spavinaw Creek,36.353059°N, 94.552347°W) and five45 mm SVL) from 3 km S of Mull,

36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)B. rarus

4) in their small intestines. Intensity of infection was3 worms. This tapeworm has been

previously reported from the dwarf salamander,Eurycea quadridigitataEurycea longicauda melanopleura(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West VirginiaMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new host

B. rarus.

NEMATODASeuratoidea: Quimperiidae

Desmognathinema nantahalaensisEight (12%)

47 mm SVL) harbored a total(mean intensity = 2.2 ± 1.9, range 1

(USNPC 107937, 107941) in theirsmall intestines. One salamander came from S of Oarkoff St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (





Plethodon albagulaPlethodon angusticlavius

Hyla avivoca (see McAllister et al. 2013c).are many other amphibian hosts of


ister et al. 2013c). We document a new hostrecord and the first report of this tapeworm insalamanders of the genus Eurycea




36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.


previously reported from the dwarf salamander,Eurycea quadridigitataEurycea longicauda melanopleura(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West VirginiaMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new host









) had nine immature cyclophyllideantapeworms (USNPC 107961) in the small intestine thatmatch the description of C. americana


Plethodon albagulaPlethodon angusticlavius

(see McAllister et al. 2013c).are many other amphibian hosts of


ister et al. 2013c). We document a new hostrecord and the first report of this tapeworm in

Eurycea

Pseudophyllidea: BothriocephalidaeBothriocephalus rarus Thomas, 1937.



36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.


previously reported from the dwarf salamander,and dark

Eurycea longicauda melanopleura(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West VirginiaMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new host









) had nine immature cyclophyllideantapeworms (USNPC 107961) in the small intestine that

C. americanahosts from Arkansas include Ouachita dusky

Desmognathus brimleyorumPlethodon albagula

Plethodon angusticlavius(see McAllister et al. 2013c).



Eurycea

Pseudophyllidea: BothriocephalidaeThomas, 1937.



36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.




NEMATODA






Cyclophyllidea: CylindrotaeniidaeJewell, 1916.








Eurycea.




36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.




NEMATODA

Desmognathinema nantahalaensisEight (12%) E. tynerensis





Cyclophyllidea: CylindrotaeniidaeJewell, 1916.











36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.


previously reported from the dwarf salamander,and dark-sided salamander,


Desmognathinema nantahalaensisE. tynerensis





Jewell, 1916.(40 mm SVL) from a spring seep S

of Oark off St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County () had nine immature cyclophyllidean

tapeworms (USNPC 107961) in the small intestine thatC. americana (Jewell 1916).


Plethodon albagula, Ozark zigand bird

(see McAllister et al. 2013c).are many other amphibian hosts of C. americana



Thomas, 1937.(37, 38 mm SVL) collected from

Shannon Hills, Saline County (34.60996°N,92.43227°W) each harbored one worm, and six (4%)


36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.


previously reported from the dwarf salamander,sided salamander,

from Arkansas(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West VirginiaMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new host

Desmognathinema nantahalaensis Baker, Goater,E. tynerensis






of Oark off St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (35.5929°N,) had nine immature cyclophyllidean

tapeworms (USNPC 107961) in the small intestine that(Jewell 1916).

hosts from Arkansas include Ouachita duskyDesmognathus brimleyorum, western

, Ozark zigand bird

(see McAllister et al. 2013c).C. americana



Thomas, 1937. – Two (2%)(37, 38 mm SVL) collected from



36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.




Baker, Goater,E. tynerensis


(USNPC 107937, 107941) in theirsmall intestines. One salamander came from S of Oarkoff St. Hwy. 103, Johnson County (35.5929°N,




35.5929°N,) had nine immature cyclophyllidean


hosts from Arkansas include Ouachita dusky, western

, Ozark zigand bird-




Two (2%)(37, 38 mm SVL) collected from



36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.




Baker, Goater,E. tynerensis (39.2 ±

47 mm SVL) harbored a total(mean intensity = 2.2 ± 1.9, range 1−6)

(USNPC 107937, 107941) in theirsmall intestines. One salamander came from S of Oark

35.5929°N,



Jewell, 1916. – One(40 mm SVL) from a spring seep S




, Ozark zig--voiced







36.059975°N, 92.59847°W) were(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.



from Arkansas(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and West Virginia (seeMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new host

Baker, Goater,(39.2 ±

47 mm SVL) harbored a total of 17−6)


35.5929°N,



One(40 mm SVL) from a spring seep S




-zagvoiced







were(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.



from Arkansas(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,

(seeMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new host


of 17−6) D.


35.5929°N,



One(40 mm SVL) from a spring seep S




zagvoiced







were(USNPC 107958, 107960) (Fig.



from Arkansas(McAllister and Bursey 2003, 2004) as well as severalother salamanders from California, Kentucky,Michigan, Missouri, New Hampshire, Ohio,

(seeMcAllister et al. 2013b). We document two new host


of 17D.


35.5929°N,


Journal of the Arkansas Academy90



93.584011°WCass off St.93.839612°W)Hwy. 59 N of Gentry, Benton County (94.450533°WCreek at Mull, Marion County92.594726Searcy CountyOklahoma salamander (assalamander,previously been reported as hosts of this nematode(McAllister and Bursey 2004, McAllister etIn addition,(McAllister and Bursey 2010) as well asDesmognathus quadramaculatusDesmognathus monticulaet al. 1987). Interestingly, the disjunct range ofnanthalaensisNorth Carolina, and Oklahoma.

Figure 4. Ovum ofmultiplicataScale bar = 50 µm.

multiplicataspecimen from Tanyard Springs, Conway County(35.115908°N, 92.916619°W)and one (32 mm SVL) salamander from 4 km NW ofCaddo Valley and 1 km W of St. Hwy. 7, Clark County(34.215204°N, 93.095655°W)maletynerensisat Mull, Marion Countyand seven (40.6 ± 7.2, 34





Omeia papillocaudamultiplicataspecimen from Tanyard Springs, Conway County35.115908°N, 92.916619°W)

and one (32 mm SVL) salamander from 4 km NW ofCaddo Valley and 1 km W of St. Hwy. 7, Clark County34.215204°N, 93.095655°W)

maletynerensisat Mull, Marion Countyand seven (40.6 ± 7.2, 34







male O. papillocaudatynerensisat Mull, Marion Countyand seven (40.6 ± 7.2, 34



93.584011°WCass off St.93.839612°W)Hwy. 59 N of Gentry, Benton County (94.450533°WCreek at Mull, Marion County92.594726°Searcy CountyOklahoma salamander (assalamander,previously been reported as hosts of this nematode(McAllister and Bursey 2004, McAllister etIn addition,(McAllister and Bursey 2010) as well asDesmognathus quadramaculatusDesmognathus monticulaet al. 1987). Interestingly, the disjunct range ofnanthalaensisNorth Carolina, and Oklahoma.

Figure 4. Ovum ofmultiplicata, Saline County, Arkansas. Note operculum (arrow).Scale bar = 50 µm.



O. papillocaudatynerensis, three (41at Mull, Marion Countyand seven (40.6 ± 7.2, 34



93.584011°W), one was collected from 3.2 km S ofCass off St. Hwy. 23, Franklin County (93.839612°W)Hwy. 59 N of Gentry, Benton County (94.450533°W), three were collected from PantherCreek at Mull, Marion County

°W) and two were taSearcy CountyOklahoma salamander (assalamander, Eurycea lucifugapreviously been reported as hosts of this nematode(McAllister and Bursey 2004, McAllister etIn addition, E. multiplicata(McAllister and Bursey 2010) as well asDesmognathus quadramaculatusDesmognathus monticulaet al. 1987). Interestingly, the disjunct range ofnanthalaensisNorth Carolina, and Oklahoma.

Figure 4. Ovum of, Saline County, Arkansas. Note operculum (arrow).

Scale bar = 50 µm.

Omeia papillocaudamultiplicata were infected, a single (35 mm SVL)specimen from Tanyard Springs, Conway County35.115908°N, 92.916619°W)


O. papillocauda, three (41

at Mull, Marion Countyand seven (40.6 ± 7.2, 34



), one was collected from 3.2 km S ofHwy. 23, Franklin County (

93.839612°W), one came from a wellhouse off St.Hwy. 59 N of Gentry, Benton County (

), three were collected from PantherCreek at Mull, Marion County

) and two were taSearcy CountyOklahoma salamander (as

Eurycea lucifugapreviously been reported as hosts of this nematode(McAllister and Bursey 2004, McAllister et

E. multiplicata(McAllister and Bursey 2010) as well asDesmognathus quadramaculatusDesmognathus monticulaet al. 1987). Interestingly, the disjunct range of

includes only three states, Arkansas,North Carolina, and Oklahoma.


Scale bar = 50 µm.

Omeia papillocaudawere infected, a single (35 mm SVL)

specimen from Tanyard Springs, Conway County35.115908°N, 92.916619°W)







, one came from a wellhouse off St.Hwy. 59 N of Gentry, Benton County (


) and two were taSearcy County (36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)Oklahoma salamander (as

Eurycea lucifugapreviously been reported as hosts of this nematode(McAllister and Bursey 2004, McAllister et














) and two were ta(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)

Oklahoma salamander (asEurycea lucifuga

previously been reported as hosts of this nematode(McAllister and Bursey 2004, McAllister et



Figure 4. Ovum of Bothriocephalus rarus, Saline County, Arkansas. Note operculum (arrow).




O. papillocauda, three (41-43 mm SVL) from Panther Creek







) and two were ta(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)

Oklahoma salamander (as E. m. griseogasterEurycea lucifuga


E. multiplicata(McAllister and Bursey 2010) as well asDesmognathus quadramaculatusDesmognathus monticula from North Carolina (Bakeret al. 1987). Interestingly, the disjunct range of


Bothriocephalus rarus, Saline County, Arkansas. Note operculum (arrow).

Omeia papillocauda Rankin, 1937were infected, a single (35 mm SVL)



O. papillocauda. In addition, 10 (7%)43 mm SVL) from Panther Creek

at Mull, Marion County (36.082643and seven (40.6 ± 7.2, 34-






) and two were ta(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)

E. m. griseogasterEurycea lucifuga


E. multiplicata from Oklahoma is a host(McAllister and Bursey 2010) as well asDesmognathus quadramaculatus

from North Carolina (Bakeret al. 1987). Interestingly, the disjunct range of



Rankin, 1937were infected, a single (35 mm SVL)



. In addition, 10 (7%)43 mm SVL) from Panther Creek

36.082643-52 mm SVL) from 3 km S




) and two were ta(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)

E. m. griseogasterEurycea lucifuga


from Oklahoma is a host(McAllister and Bursey 2010) as well asDesmognathus quadramaculatus





specimen from Tanyard Springs, Conway County35.115908°N, 92.916619°W) had one larval worm

and one (32 mm SVL) salamander from 4 km NW ofCaddo Valley and 1 km W of St. Hwy. 7, Clark County34.215204°N, 93.095655°W) had one larval and two

. In addition, 10 (7%)43 mm SVL) from Panther Creek

36.08264352 mm SVL) from 3 km S




) and two were taken 3 km S Mull,(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)

E. m. griseogasterfrom Arkansas have


from Oklahoma is a host(McAllister and Bursey 2010) as well asDesmognathus quadramaculatus


includes only three states, Arkansas,



specimen from Tanyard Springs, Conway Countyhad one larval worm

and one (32 mm SVL) salamander from 4 km NW ofCaddo Valley and 1 km W of St. Hwy. 7, Clark County

had one larval and two. In addition, 10 (7%)

43 mm SVL) from Panther Creek36.082643°N

52 mm SVL) from 3 km S




ken 3 km S Mull,(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)



from Oklahoma is a host(McAllister and Bursey 2010) as well as

(type host) andfrom North Carolina (Baker

et al. 1987). Interestingly, the disjunct range ofincludes only three states, Arkansas,


Rankin, 1937.were infected, a single (35 mm SVL)




43 mm SVL) from Panther Creek°N, 92.594726


), one was collected from 3.2 km S ofHwy. 23, Franklin County (35.646329°N,

, one came from a wellhouse off St.Hwy. 59 N of Gentry, Benton County (36.299061°N,

), three were collected from PantherCreek at Mull, Marion County (36.082643

ken 3 km S Mull,(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)






Bothriocephalus rarus from, Saline County, Arkansas. Note operculum (arrow).

. – Two (2%)were infected, a single (35 mm SVL)




43 mm SVL) from Panther Creek, 92.594726


), one was collected from 3.2 km S of35.646329°N,

, one came from a wellhouse off St.36.299061°N,

), three were collected from Panther36.082643

ken 3 km S Mull,(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)

E. m. griseogaster) and cavefrom Arkansas have

previously been reported as hosts of this nematode(McAllister and Bursey 2004, McAllister et al. 1995a).




from, Saline County, Arkansas. Note operculum (arrow).

Two (2%)were infected, a single (35 mm SVL)








), three were collected from Panther36.082643

ken 3 km S Mull,(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W). The

) and cavefrom Arkansas have

previously been reported as hosts of this nematodeal. 1995a).




from Eurycea, Saline County, Arkansas. Note operculum (arrow).









), three were collected from Panther36.082643°N

ken 3 km S Mull,. The






Eurycea, Saline County, Arkansas. Note operculum (arrow).





43 mm SVL) from Panther Creek, 92.594726°W




), three were collected from Panther°N,






et al. 1987). Interestingly, the disjunct range of D.includes only three states, Arkansas,

Eurycea, Saline County, Arkansas. Note operculum (arrow).

Two (2%) E.were infected, a single (35 mm SVL)



had one larval and two. In addition, 10 (7%) E.

43 mm SVL) from Panther CreekW)




), three were collected from Panther,






includes only three states, Arkansas,

E.were infected, a single (35 mm SVL)



had one larval and twoE.

43 mm SVL) from Panther Creek)


90



papillocauda

papillocauda

papillocauda

Mull, Seapossessed a total of 26 (2.6 ± 3,1, 1papillocaudastomachs. Manyhave been previously reported as hosts ofpapillocaudaalso been reported fromal. 1995d) andal. 2013). This nematode has also been reported fromseveral other members of the genusDesmognathusCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record forpapillocauda

Figure 5. Embryonated ova oftynerensisScale bar = 25 µm.

Oxyurida: Pharyngodonidae

Petter and Quentin, 1976.(43, 45 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park, ConwayCounty (one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.In addition, a single (3%)from Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (94.552347°W)(USNPC 107959) in the rectum. McAllister(2013c) recently summarized records ofmagnavulvarisspecies of salamanders from Arkansas. There are fourother members of the genusof this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, NorthCarolina and Tennessee (see McAllister et al. 2013c).The manyhosts ofcycle (Anderson 2000).


Figure 5. Embryonated ova oftynerensisScale bar = 25 µm.

Oxyurida: PharyngodonidaeBatracholandros magnavulvaris

Petter and Quentin, 1976.(43, 45 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park, ConwayCounty (one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.In addition, a single (3%)from Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (94.552347°W)(USNPC 107959) in the rectum. McAllister(2013c) recently summarized records ofmagnavulvarisspecies of salamanders from Arkansas. There are fourother members of the genusof this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, North

arolina and Tennessee (see McAllister et al. 2013c).The manyhosts ofcycle (Anderson 2000).


Figure 5. Embryonated ova oftynerensis, Marion County, Arkansas.Scale bar = 25 µm.


Petter and Quentin, 1976.(43, 45 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park, ConwayCounty (35.114642°N, 92.943574°W)one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.In addition, a single (3%)from Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (94.552347°W)(USNPC 107959) in the rectum. McAllister(2013c) recently summarized records ofmagnavulvarisspecies of salamanders from Arkansas. There are fourother members of the genusof this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, North

arolina and Tennessee (see McAllister et al. 2013c).The manyhosts of B. magnavulvariscycle (Anderson 2000).

Mull, Searcy Countypossessed a total of 26 (2.6 ± 3,1, 1papillocaudastomachs. Manyhave been previously reported as hosts ofpapillocaudaalso been reported fromal. 1995d) andal. 2013). This nematode has also been reported fromseveral other members of the genusDesmognathusCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record forpapillocauda

Figure 5. Embryonated ova of, Marion County, Arkansas.

Scale bar = 25 µm.


Petter and Quentin, 1976.(43, 45 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park, Conway

35.114642°N, 92.943574°W)one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.In addition, a single (3%)from Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (94.552347°W)(USNPC 107959) in the rectum. McAllister(2013c) recently summarized records ofmagnavulvarisspecies of salamanders from Arkansas. There are fourother members of the genusof this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, North

arolina and Tennessee (see McAllister et al. 2013c).The many-ribbed and Oklahoma salamander are new

B. magnavulvariscycle (Anderson 2000).

rcy Countypossessed a total of 26 (2.6 ± 3,1, 1papillocauda (Fig. 5, USNPC 107938) in theirstomachs. Manyhave been previously reported as hosts ofpapillocauda (McAllister and Burseyalso been reported fromal. 1995d) and D. monticolaal. 2013). This nematode has also been reported fromseveral other members of the genusDesmognathus andCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record forpapillocauda in


Scale bar = 25 µm.



35.114642°N, 92.943574°W)one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.In addition, a single (3%)from Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (94.552347°W)(USNPC 107959) in the rectum. McAllister(2013c) recently summarized records ofmagnavulvaris in caudate amphibians, including sevenspecies of salamanders from Arkansas. There are fourother members of the genusof this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, North

arolina and Tennessee (see McAllister et al. 2013c).ribbed and Oklahoma salamander are new


rcy Countypossessed a total of 26 (2.6 ± 3,1, 1

(Fig. 5, USNPC 107938) in theirstomachs. Many-ribbed salamanders from Arkansashave been previously reported as hosts of

(McAllister and Burseyalso been reported from

D. monticolaal. 2013). This nematode has also been reported fromseveral other members of the genus

andCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record for

in E. tynerensis




35.114642°N, 92.943574°W)one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.In addition, a single (3%)from Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (

had three female(USNPC 107959) in the rectum. McAllister(2013c) recently summarized records of

in caudate amphibians, including sevenspecies of salamanders from Arkansas. There are fourother members of the genusof this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, North



rcy Countypossessed a total of 26 (2.6 ± 3,1, 1

(Fig. 5, USNPC 107938) in theirribbed salamanders from Arkansas

have been previously reported as hosts of(McAllister and Bursey

also been reported fromD. monticola

al. 2013). This nematode has also been reported fromseveral other members of the genus

and GyrinophCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record for

E. tynerensis









rcy County (36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)possessed a total of 26 (2.6 ± 3,1, 1



also been reported from D. brimleyorumD. monticola


GyrinophCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record for

E. tynerensis










(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)possessed a total of 26 (2.6 ± 3,1, 1



D. brimleyorumD. monticola from Arkansas (Connior et


GyrinophCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record for

E. tynerensis

Figure 5. Embryonated ova of Omeia papillocauda, Marion County, Arkansas.


Petter and Quentin, 1976. –(43, 45 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park, Conway

35.114642°N, 92.943574°W)one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.In addition, a single (3%) E. tynerensisfrom Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (




B. magnavulvaris, which exhibits a direct life





D. brimleyorumfrom Arkansas (Connior et


GyrinophilusCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record for

E. tynerensis.

Omeia papillocauda, Marion County, Arkansas.


Two (2%)(43, 45 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park, Conway

35.114642°N, 92.943574°W)one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.

E. tynerensisfrom Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (


in caudate amphibians, including sevenspecies of salamanders from Arkansas. There are fourother members of the genus Euryceaof this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, North


, which exhibits a direct life







ilus from Alabama, NorthCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record for

Omeia papillocauda, Marion County, Arkansas. Note outer rugose shell.

Batracholandros magnavulvarisTwo (2%)

(43, 45 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park, Conway35.114642°N, 92.943574°W)

one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.E. tynerensis

from Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (had three female

(USNPC 107959) in the rectum. McAllister(2013c) recently summarized records of

in caudate amphibians, including sevenspecies of salamanders from Arkansas. There are four

Euryceaof this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, North








al. 2013). This nematode has also been reported fromseveral other members of the genus Eurycea

from Alabama, NorthCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record for

Omeia papillocaudaNote outer rugose shell.

Batracholandros magnavulvarisTwo (2%)

(43, 45 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park, Conway35.114642°N, 92.943574°W)

one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.E. tynerensis

from Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (had three female B. magnavulvaris



Eurycea reported as hostsof this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, North






have been previously reported as hosts of(McAllister and Bursey 2010). It has

D. brimleyorum (McAllister etfrom Arkansas (Connior et

al. 2013). This nematode has also been reported fromEurycea

from Alabama, NorthCarolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record for

Omeia papillocaudaNote outer rugose shell.

(Rankin, 1937)Two (2%) E. multiplicata

(43, 45 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park, Conway35.114642°N, 92.943574°W) each harbored

one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.E. tynerensis (30 mm SVL)

from Spavinaw Creek, Benton County (36.353059°N,B. magnavulvaris



reported as hostsof this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, North






have been previously reported as hosts of2010). It has(McAllister et

from Arkansas (Connior etal. 2013). This nematode has also been reported from

Euryceafrom Alabama, North

Carolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record for

Omeia papillocauda fromNote outer rugose shell.

(Rankin, 1937)E. multiplicata

(43, 45 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park, Conwayeach harbored

one female pinworm (USNPC 107942) in its rectum.(30 mm SVL)36.353059°N,

B. magnavulvaris(USNPC 107959) in the rectum. McAllister(2013c) recently summarized records of





Helminths of


(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)possessed a total of 26 (2.6 ± 3,1, 1-11)




as well asfrom Alabama, North


fromNote outer rugose shell.




B. magnavulvaris(USNPC 107959) in the rectum. McAllister(2013c) recently summarized records of





Helminths of


(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)11)






from EuryceaNote outer rugose shell.




B. magnavulvaris(USNPC 107959) in the rectum. McAllister et al.(2013c) recently summarized records of





Helminths of


(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)11) O.


have been previously reported as hosts of O.2010). It has(McAllister et



Carolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andBursey 2010). We document a new host record for O.

EuryceaNote outer rugose shell.




B. magnavulvariset al.

(2013c) recently summarized records of B.in caudate amphibians, including seven

species of salamanders from Arkansas. There are fourreported as hosts

of this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, Northarolina and Tennessee (see McAllister et al. 2013c).

ribbed and Oklahoma salamander are new, which exhibits a direct life

Helminths of


(36.059975°N, 92.59847°W)O.


O.2010). It has(McAllister et



Carolina, Ohio, and Tennessee (see McAllister andO.

EuryceaNote outer rugose shell.




B. magnavulvariset al.

B.in caudate amphibians, including seven

species of salamanders from Arkansas. There are fourreported as hosts

of this oxyurid from Alabama, Michigan, Northarolina and Tennessee (see McAllister et al. 2013c).

ribbed and Oklahoma salamander are new, which exhibits a direct life

Helminths of Eurycea


Eurycea


Enoplida: Capillaridae

1851)(43 mm SVL) from Lake Leatherwood, Carroll County(36.442033°N, 93.756562°W) and the other (30 mmlarvae) from Savoy Cave, Washington County(36.109846ºN, 94.340588ºWtritonispunctatiintestine (Fig. 6). This nematode was previouslyreported from Arkansas in2006) andIn addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided asummation of recand Palearctic amphibians of the world; only twomembers of the genusreported as hosts of this worm and we add one more.

Figure 6.tynumerous ova; scale bar = 100 µm. (B) Higher magnification offour individual ova from same showing typical capillariidmorphology; scale bar = 25 µm.

Ascarida: Cosmocercidae

Travassos, 1931.mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) harbored one female andtwo maleintestine, respectivelyCosmocercoidesspecies and same population by McAllister and Bursey(2010); since only females were found it was notpossible to assign their specimens to species. In

Eurycea


Enoplida: CapillaridaeAmphibiocapillaria tritonispunctati

1851)(43 mm SVL) from Lake Leatherwood, Carroll County36.442033°N, 93.756562°W) and the other (30 mm

larvae) from Savoy Cave, Washington County36.109846ºN, 94.340588ºW

tritonispunctatiintestine (Fig. 6). This nematode was previouslyreported from Arkansas in2006) andIn addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided asummation of recand Palearctic amphibians of the world; only twomembers of the genusreported as hosts of this worm and we add one more.

Figure 6.tynerensisnumerous ova; scale bar = 100 µm. (B) Higher magnification offour individual ova from same showing typical capillariidmorphology; scale bar = 25 µm.

Ascarida: CosmocercidaeCosmocercoides var


Eurycea spp.



1851) Moravec, 1982.(43 mm SVL) from Lake Leatherwood, Carroll County36.442033°N, 93.756562°W) and the other (30 mm



Figure 6.nerensis

numerous ova; scale bar = 100 µm. (B) Higher magnification offour individual ova from same showing typical capillariidmorphology; scale bar = 25 µm.



spp.



Moravec, 1982.(43 mm SVL) from Lake Leatherwood, Carroll County36.442033°N, 93.756562°W) and the other (30 mm



Figure 6.nerensis, Carroll County, Arkansas. (A) Gravid female showing



Travassos, 1931.mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) harbored one female andtwo male C. variabilisintestine, respectivelyCosmocercoidesspecies and same population by McAllister and Bursey(2010); since only females were found it was notpossible to assign their specimens to species. In





tritonispunctatiintestine (Fig. 6). This nematode was previouslyreported from Arkansas in2006) and P. angusticlaviusIn addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided asummation of recand Palearctic amphibians of the world; only twomembers of the genusreported as hosts of this worm and we add one more.

Figure 6. Amphibiocapillaria tritonispunctati, Carroll County, Arkansas. (A) Gravid female showing



Travassos, 1931.mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) harbored one female and

C. variabilisintestine, respectivelyCosmocercoidesspecies and same population by McAllister and Bursey(2010); since only females were found it was notpossible to assign their specimens to species. In





tritonispunctatiintestine (Fig. 6). This nematode was previouslyreported from Arkansas in

P. angusticlaviusIn addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided asummation of recand Palearctic amphibians of the world; only twomembers of the genusreported as hosts of this worm and we add one more.

Amphibiocapillaria tritonispunctati, Carroll County, Arkansas. (A) Gravid female showing



Travassos, 1931.mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) harbored one female and

C. variabilisintestine, respectivelyCosmocercoidesspecies and same population by McAllister and Bursey(2010); since only females were found it was notpossible to assign their specimens to species. In





tritonispunctati (USNPC 107936) in their smallintestine (Fig. 6). This nematode was previouslyreported from Arkansas in

P. angusticlaviusIn addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided asummation of records ofand Palearctic amphibians of the world; only twomembers of the genusreported as hosts of this worm and we add one more.




Travassos, 1931. – Two (2%)mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) harbored one female and

C. variabilisintestine, respectively

sp. was reported from this same hostspecies and same population by McAllister and Bursey(2010); since only females were found it was notpossible to assign their specimens to species. In



Moravec, 1982. –(43 mm SVL) from Lake Leatherwood, Carroll County36.442033°N, 93.756562°W) and the other (30 mm


(USNPC 107936) in their smallintestine (Fig. 6). This nematode was previouslyreported from Arkansas in

P. angusticlaviusIn addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided a

ords ofand Palearctic amphibians of the world; only twomembers of the genusreported as hosts of this worm and we add one more.




Two (2%)mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) harbored one female and

C. variabilisintestine, respectively




– Two (1%)(43 mm SVL) from Lake Leatherwood, Carroll County36.442033°N, 93.756562°W) and the other (30 mm


(USNPC 107936) in their smallintestine (Fig. 6). This nematode was previouslyreported from Arkansas in

P. angusticlaviusIn addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided a

ords of A. tritonispunctatiand Palearctic amphibians of the world; only twomembers of the genus Euryceareported as hosts of this worm and we add one more.



Ascarida: CosmocercidaeCosmocercoides variabilis


(USNPC 107939) in the largeintestine, respectively.



Amphibiocapillaria tritonispunctatiTwo (1%)

(43 mm SVL) from Lake Leatherwood, Carroll County36.442033°N, 93.756562°W) and the other (30 mm

larvae) from Savoy Cave, Washington County36.109846ºN, 94.340588ºW)

(USNPC 107936) in their smallintestine (Fig. 6). This nematode was previouslyreported from Arkansas in E. spelaea

P. angusticlavius (McAllister et al. 2013c).In addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided a

A. tritonispunctatiand Palearctic amphibians of the world; only two

Euryceareported as hosts of this worm and we add one more.


numerous ova; scale bar = 100 µm. (B) Higher magnification offour individual ova from same showing typical capillariid

Ascarida: Cosmocercidaeiabilis


(USNPC 107939) in the large. Previously, o




larvae) from Savoy Cave, Washington County) possessed six and one

(USNPC 107936) in their smallintestine (Fig. 6). This nematode was previously

E. spelaea(McAllister et al. 2013c).

In addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided aA. tritonispunctati

and Palearctic amphibians of the world; only twoEurycea

reported as hosts of this worm and we add one more.



iabilisTwo (2%) E. multiplicata

mm SVL) from Shannon Hills, Saline County(34.60996°N, 92.43227°W) harbored one female and

(USNPC 107939) in the largePreviously, o




larvae) from Savoy Cave, Washington Countypossessed six and one


E. spelaea(McAllister et al. 2013c).


and Palearctic amphibians of the world; only twohave been previously




(Harwood, 1930)E. multiplicata




Amphibiocapillaria tritonispunctatiTwo (1%) E. tynerensis




E. spelaea (McAllister et al.(McAllister et al. 2013c).










Amphibiocapillaria tritonispunctatiE. tynerensis




(McAllister et al.(McAllister et al. 2013c).








(USNPC 107939) in the largePreviously, only female


(Diesing,E. tynerensis





In addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided aA. tritonispunctati in Nearctic



from, Carroll County, Arkansas. (A) Gravid female showing




(USNPC 107939) in the largenly female


(Diesing,E. tynerensis





In addition, McAllister et al. (2013c) provided ain Nearctic



from Eurycea, Carroll County, Arkansas. (A) Gravid female showing


(Harwood, 1930)E. multiplicata (34, 37




(Diesing,E. tynerensis, one








Eurycea, Carroll County, Arkansas. (A) Gravid female showing


(Harwood, 1930)(34, 37




(Diesing,, one


larvae) from Savoy Cave, Washington Countypossessed six and one A.





Eurycea, Carroll County, Arkansas. (A) Gravid female showing


(Harwood, 1930)(34, 37




(Diesing,, one


larvae) from Savoy Cave, Washington CountyA.





(Harwood, 1930)(34, 37




91





Arkansas, C. variabilis has been reported from ringedsalamander, Ambystoma annulatum, E. l.melanopleura, E. lucifuga, Caddo Mountainsalamander, Plethodon caddoensis, Rich Mountainsalamander, Plethodon ouachitae, pickerel frog,Lithobates palustris and Cajun chorus frog, Pseudacrisfouquettei (see McAllister et al. 2013a). Nematodes ofthis genus/species are common in both amphibians andreptiles and its range includes at least 24 U.S. states,four provinces of Canada, Mexico, Costa Rica andPanama (summarized by Bursey et al. 2012, McAllisteret al. 2013d). We document a new host record for C.variabilis.

ACANTHOCEPHALAOligacanthorhynchidae (cystacanth)

An unknown oligacanthorhynchid cystacanth(USNPC 107944) was found in one (1%) E.multiplicata (39 mm SVL) from Petit Jean State Park,Conway County (35.114642°N, 92.943574°W). Thereis only one previous report of this parasite from anArkansas salamander, the western slimy salamander,Plethodon albagula (McAllister et al. 1993). Juvenilestages of oligacanthorhynchid acanthocephalans havebeen found in other amphibians (Moore 1946,McAlpine 1996), reptiles (Elkins and Nickol 1983) andmammals (Radomski 1991). However, Elkins andNickol (1983) and Bolette (1997) consider reptiles inthese instances to be paratenic hosts and we believesalamanders are accidental or transport hosts acting asa trophic bridge between intermediate and definitivehosts. For those acanthocephalans parasitic interrestrial animals, the intermediate hosts are usuallyinsects (Nickol 1985). Salamanders are known to eatinsects (Trauth et al. 2004) and thus, might be expectedto become infected. We document a new host record.

Echinorhynchida: FessisentidaeFessisentis vancleavei (Hughes and Moore, 1943)

Nickol, 1972 – Six (4%) E. tynerensis (47.3 ± 5.9, 40-55 mm SVL), one collected from S of Oark off St.Hwy. 103, Johnson County (35.5929°N,93.584011°W), another from 3.2 km S of Cass off St.Hwy. 23, Franklin County (35.646329°N,93.839612°W) and four from JFK Park, Little RedRiver, Cleburne County (35.512919ºN, 91.997125ºW)was found to harbor a total of 18 (3.1 ± 2.4, 1-7) F.vancleavei (USNPC 107962). In addition, one of two(50% [overall prevalence = 1%]) larval E. multiplicata(30 mm SVL) from Beavers Bend State Park off St.Hwy. 259A, McCurtain County, Oklahoma(34.113292°N, 94.708729°W) had a single

acanthocephalan (USNPC 107943). Fessisentisvancleavei has been previously reported from E.tynerensis in Arkansas (Buckner and Nickol 1978,McAllister et al. 1995b) and Oklahoma (Hughes andMoore 1943a, Malewitz 1956). The life cycle ofFessientis spp. involves aquatic isopods asintermediate hosts (Buckner and Nickol 1979).Eurycea multiplicata is a new host of F. vancleavei.

This paper represents the second report ofendoparasites of E. multiplicata and only the secondthorough survey of E. tynerensis for helminths. Wedocument 13 new host records for E. multiplicata andE. tynerensis and new distributional records for P.solidum and G. tenua. As noted by McAllister andBursey (2010), the number of parasite species in E.multiplicata should increase with further study, andthey did here by 50%, from three to six with ouradditional survey. Where comparisons are made,helminths shared by both salamanders include atrematode (B. salamandrae), a tapeworm (B. rarus),three nematodes (B. magnavulvaris, D. nantahalaensis,O. papillocauda) and an acanthocephalan (F.vancleavei), with most exhibiting prevalences < 5%(Table 1). Therefore, studies on these salamanderslend support to Aho’s (1990) contention that caudatespecies are among the most depauperate hosts of allvertebrates. We suggest that future studies shouldinclude a larger sample size of E. multiplicata and E.tynerensis from a variety of localities in Oklahoma. Inaddition, if samples of the recently described andrelated Ouachita streambed salamander, Euryceasubfluvicola (Steffen et al. 2014) from Arkansasbecome available for study, it will be interesting to seeif its helminth parasites are shared with E. multiplicataand E. tynerensis, particularly in areas of sympatrywith the former.

AcknowledgmentsWe thank the Arkansas Game & Fish Commission,

USDA Forest Service (Ozark and Ouachita Districts)and Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservationfor Scientific Collecting permits issued to CTM andMBC. We also appreciate the expert curatorialassistance of P. A. Pilitt (USNPC) and Dr. S. E. Trauth(ASUMZ). We further acknowledge Sammy andWendy Stuart for allowing CTM to collect on theirproperties in Saline County and T.J. Fayton (GulfCoast Research Lab, Univ. S. Mississippi) and Dr.V.V. Tkach (Univ. North Dakota) for future DNAsequencing of select trematodes from these hosts.Nikolas H. and Rachel A. McAllister aided in collecting.

92



Helminths of Eurycea spp.


Table 1. Summary of helminth parasites of Eurycea multiplicata and Eurycea tynerensis.

Helminth State Prevalence* Reference

Eurycea multiplicataTrematodaBrachycoelium cf. salamandrae† Arkansas 2/88 (2%) This study

CestoideaBothriocephalus rarus† Arkansas 2/88 (2%) This study

NematodaBatracholandros magnavulvaris† Arkansas 2/88 (2%) This studyCosmocercoides sp.‡ Arkansas 3/61 (5%) McAllister and Bursey (2010)Cosmocercoides variabilis† Arkansas 2/88 (2%) This studyDesmognathinema nantahalaensis Oklahoma 3/5 (60%) McAllister and Bursey (2010)Omeia papillocauda Arkansas 1/61 (2%) McAllister and Bursey (2010)

2/88 (2%) This studyAcanthocephalaFessisentis vancleavei† Oklahoma 1/2 (50%) This studyOligacanthorhynchid cystacanth† Arkansas 1/88 (1%) This study

Eurycea tynerensisTrematodaBrachycoelium cf. salamandrae Arkansas 1/50 (2%) McAllister et al. (1995)Clinostomum marginatum Oklahoma 9/74 (12%) Bonett et al. (2011)Phyllodistomum solidum† Arkansasǁ 2/135 (1%) This studyGorgoderina tenua† Arkansasǁ 7/135 (5%) This studySphyranura euryceae Arkansas 10/10 (100%) McAllister et al. (1991)

37/74 (50%) McAllister et al. (2011)Oklahoma 45/90 (50%) Moore and Hughes (1943b)

CestoideaBothriocephalus rarus† Arkansas 6/135 (4%) This studyCylindrotaenia americana† Arkansas 1/135 (0.7%) This studyUnknown cysticerci Arkansas 2/135 (1%) This study

NematodaAmphibiocapillaria tritonipunctati† Arkansas 2/135 (1%) This studyBatracholandros magnavulvaris† Arkansas 1/135 (0.7%) This studyDesmognathinema nantahalaensis Arkansas 3/50 (6%) McAllister et al. (1995)

8/135 (6%) This studyOmeia papillocauda† Arkansas 10/135 (7%) This study

AcanthocephalaFessisentis vancleavei Arkansas not given Buckner and Nickol (1978)

2/50 (4%) McAllister et al. (1995)6/135 (4%) This study

Oklahoma 10/73 (14%) Moore and Hughes (1943a)8/19 (42%) Malewitz (1956)

*Prevalence = number infected/number examined (%). †New host record. ‡Only females; specific identity not possible. ǁNew distributional

record.

93





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