components and operation op power house
TRANSCRIPT
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COMPONENT ANDOPERATION OF
POWER HOUSE
PRESENTED BY:
V.K. SINGHCHIEF ENGINEER
(DESIGN E&M), NHPC
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CONVERSION OF OTHER FORMS OF
ENERGY IN TO ELECTRICAL
ENERGY
HEAT ENERGY
POTENTIAL ENERGY
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ADVANTAGES OF HYDRO
POWER PLANT OVER
THERMAL IT CAN BE USED AS SYNCHRONOUS
CONDENSER
BETTER STABILITY DUE TO HIGH VALUEOF SCR
QUICK START/STOP
PEAKING POWER PLANT
CONT.
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LOW RUNNING COST i.e LOW TARIFF
LONGER LIFE
DRAUGHT AND FLOOD CONTROL
IMPROVED IRRIGATION BY ROUTINGTHE CANALS IN D/S
ENVIRONMENTLY FRIENDLY
POLUTION FREE
DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE
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DAM
CREATES HEAD
IMPOUNDS THE STORAGE
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HOW ELECTRICITY IS
GENERATED
?
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PENSTOCK
SPIRAL
CASING &
WICKET GATE TURBINE DRAFT TUBE TAIL RACE
GOVERNOR GENERATOR
BUS
DUCT GSU
SWITCH
YARD
COMPONENT OF POWER
HOUSE
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WATER POWER FORMULA
P MW =(9.81 x Q x H x t x g )/1000
Where ,
Q = Discharge in m3
/sH = Head in metre
t x g =Overall efficiency
N=(Ns x H1.25)/(Pt
0.5)
Where, Pt=Turbine output
Ns = Specific speed
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EFFECTIVE HEAD OR NET
HEAD
FOR PELTON
H = MDDL+ 2/3(FRL -MDDL) -
TCL - Head loss
FOR FRANCIS AND KAPLAN
H = MDDL+ 2/3(FRL -MDDL) -
TWL - Head loss
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TYPICAL HYDRO PLANT
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ROTOR
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STATOR SEGMENT
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HYDRO TURBINE
&
ITS AUXILIARIES
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TURBINES TRANSFER
ENERGY FROM
WORKING FLUID TO
ROTOR. THEY ACT ASPRIME MOVERS. IN
HYDRO TURBINES THEFLUID IS WATER.
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FRANCIS KAPLAN PROPELLER BULB
REACTION
PELTON
IMPULSE
TYPES OF HYDRO-TURBINE
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CHARACTERISTICS OF
TURBINE
1. HEAD
2. SPECIFIC SPEED
3. EFFICIENCY
4. OUTPUT
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SPECIFIC SPEED
Specific speed is defined as the speed in
revolutions per minute at which a turbinewould run at the best efficiency for fullguide-vane/nozzle opening under a head
of one unit and its dimensions havingbeen adjusted to produce unit poweroutput.
Mathematical expression,NS= N * (P
1/2/H5/4)
Where, N= Shaft speed in rpm, H= Rated
head in m, P= Rated output on kW
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EFFICIENCY OF
TURBINE
KAPLAN 93%
FRANCIS 94%
PELTON 92%
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MAJOR COMPONENTS OF
TURBINE
1. SPIRAL CASE/ DISTRIBUTOR
2. STAY VANES
3. GUIDE VANES/ NOZZLES
(DEFLECTORS)
4. RUNNER5. DRAFT TUBE
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MINOR COMPONENTS OF
TURBINE1. Turbine shaft2. Labyrinth
3. Turbine pit4. Turbine pit liner
5. Turbine housing
6. Servomotor7. Regulating ring
8. Turbine guide bearing
9. Shaft seal
PRESSURE RISE ND
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PRESSURE RISE ND
SPEED RISE
TYPE OFTURBINE
PRESSURERISE
(%)
SPEED RISE(%)
PELTON 15 to 30 20 to 45
FRANCIS 30 to 35 35 to 55
KAPLAN/BULB/PROPELLER
30 to 50 30 to 65
REFERENCE: IS 12837:1989
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INLET VALVES
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VALVES
Definition:
Valves are mechanical devices that are
used to isolate, or release fluid flowing
through pipelines.
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TURBINE SHUT-OFF
VALVES1. BUTTERFLY
(FOR HEADS ONLY UPTO 200 M)
2. SPHERICAL
(FOR HEADS ABOVE 200 M)
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APPLICATION
1. PENSTOCK
2. TURBINE INLET VALVE
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NEED
1. At lower heads, for inspection or
maintenance of turbine without involving
the time necessary to drain and refill the
penstock.
2. For higher heads, they perform the same
function but are also used to relieve
pressure of the wicket gates or needleswhen the turbine has off load for an
extended time.
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For very high heads it is usuallyfound desirable to provide spherical
valves of the turbine, for normal unit
shut down, as well as butterfly valves
at or near the top of the penstock as a
further security measure.
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OPERATING MECHANISM
1. Valve Servomotor
2. Pressure Oil System
3. Compressed Air System
ADVANTAGES OF
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ADVANTAGES OF
SPHERICAL VALVE
1. Shape is well suited to resist even
the highest pressure.
2. Hydraulic losses are negligible.
3. Closure is good
4. Space requirement are large.
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BYPASS VALVE
Should be sufficient to balance the
downstream pressure at least by 60
percent of the upstream pressure,
considering the maximum leakages
through the guide vanes.
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AIR VALVE
The size of the air valve should be
sufficient to release of admit air
according to rate of filling or draining of
water in the spiral casing/ distributor.
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GOVERNOR
Quality of power depends on:Frequency
Voltage
These need to be regulated properly for
stable and accurate output for good
performance.
Governing system is used for
regulating frequency and power
output.
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Requirement of governor characteristics
depend on following external and internalfactors:
1.External factors: Connected Power system
network. Type of load in Interconnectedpower system .
2.Internal factors: Changes/Disturbances in
long water conductor system
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REQUIREMENTS
1. Precision
2. Reliability
3. Stability
4. Sensitivity
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ELEMENTS OF GOVERNING
EQUIPMENT
SPEED SENSING DEVICE
EHGHMC
SERVOMOTOR
GOVERNOR
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GOVERNOR
CHARACTERISTICS
TEMPORARY SPEED DROOP
PERMANENT SPEED DROOP
38
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38
X SECTION THROUGH
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X-SECTION THROUGH
KAPLAN TURBINE
X SECTION THROUGH
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X-SECTION THROUGH
FRANCIS TURBINE
FRANCIS V KAPLAN
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FRANCIS Vs. KAPLAN
PELTON TURBINE
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PELTON TURBINE
PELTON NOZZLES
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PELTON NOZZLES
SHOP ASSEMBLY OF SPIRAL
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SHOP ASSEMBLY OF SPIRAL
CASE AND STAY RING
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THANK YOU