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CONDITIONAL CLAUSES• IF introduces a condition – something which

may or may not happen, depending on circumstances. If it rains, we will stay at home

If you don’t study, you won’t pass.

• the MAIN clause presents the results

If it rains, we will stay at home

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Zero conditional They present real facts, scientific truths

If you heat water to 100 degrees , It boils

If you heat ice, it melts

IF / When Present Simple + Present Simple

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ZERO CONDITIONALS EXAMPLES

If you don’t eat, you die

If it doesn’t rain, the grass doesn’t grow

Ice floats if you drop it into water

If you put oil into water, it floats

My teacher gets angry if I am late.

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CONDITIONAL I• When something is possible now or in the future. We can also give

advice or issue a threat or warning.

If she studies, she will pass the Geography test. (It is possible!!)

IF

UNLESS

Present Simple +

Will

Can

May / might

Imperative

Must

Should

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FIRST CONDITIONAL EXAMPLES

If you want, I will buy it.

If you want it, you can have it

If you want it, buy it yourself (advice).

Your teacher will get angry if you are late (warning)

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► UNLESS = IF NOT

If it doesn’t rain,We will go out for a walk

UNLESS It rains, we will go out for a walk

► REWRITE THESE SENTENCES USING UNLESS

If we don’t finish soon, we will miss the train

If he doesn’t swim , he won’t go to the swimming pool

Unless we finish soon, we will miss the train

Unless he swims, he won’t go to the swimming pool

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CONDITIONALII(HYPOTHETICAL)

This type of conditional clause shows a hypothetical situation. It could happen but it isn’t probable.

If I won the lottery , I would buy a car immediately

► SPECIAL RULES :

TO BE IS ALWAYS WERE

If he were here , he would help me ( but he isn’t here, so he can’t help me)

If I were you, I would…. (advice)

IF

UNLESS Past Simple +

Would

Might

Could

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CONDITIONALII(HYPOTHETICAL)

EXAMPLES

If I lived to be 100, I would probably be very tired

If we bought the house, we’d need to sell our car

We would have to cancel the game if it rained

If I were you, I would talk to him