Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to American General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia.

The Civil War ends in April of 1865

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Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address stated that, “no state…can lawfully get out of the Union”, but pledged there would be no war unless the South started it.

“no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union; that

resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally

void… I therefore consider that in

view of the Constitution and the laws the Union is

unbroken” 88

Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address Primarily addressed to the people of the South and was intended to succinctly state Lincoln’s intended policies and desires toward that section, where seven states had seceded from the Union.

Robert E. Lee

Ulysses S. Grant

The Famous Generals of the Civil War The Confederacy (South) The Union (North)

Stonewall Jackson

William Tecumseh Sherman

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Robert E. Lee

Stonewall Jackson

Anaconda Plan

Battle of Antietam First major battle of the Civil War to take place on Union

soil.

Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, setting all slaves in the Confederate states free.

Yet, because in 1863 the war was still being fought, not a single slave was freed. Still, many slaves knew about the Proclamation and began to do their part to see that the Confederacy was defeated. 87

Emancipation Proclamation

The Battle of Gettysburg, July1-3,1863, was the turning point in the Civil War where Lee’s army is defeated.

Hey, baby. Wanna check out my severed leg?

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Gettysburg Address Site of the Battle of Gettysburg – July, 1863

President Lincoln gives a speech to dedicate a cemetery to the men who died there and to encourage Americans to finish the war. 91

Ulysses S. Grant

Battle of Gettysburg

Largest number of casualties in the Civil War

Battle of Vicksburg A long land and naval campaign by Union forces to capture a

key strategic position during the Civil War.

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address(1865) was meant to help heal and restore the country after four years of Civil

War. It stated the South should be treated fairly with justice and kindness when they return to the Union.

With malice [hatred] toward none, with charity for all,…let us strive on to…bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him

who shall have borne the battle and…to do all

which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves…

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Fort Wagner Assault

The 54thh Massachusetts was one of the 1st

African-American regiments organized to fight for the Union in the Civil War.

William Carney

1st African American to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his acts of bravery in the assault on Fort Wagner.

Julia Ward Howe

William Tecumseh Sherman General for the Union Army recognized for his harsh military strategy

Philip Bazaar Born in Chile, South America he was a Navy seaman who was awarded the United

States’ highest military decoration for valor in combat during the Civil War.

Appomattox Court House

• Civil War ended with a Union victory when Lee surrendered to Grant.

1862- provided each state with federal land, land was to be sold to establish public colleges

Morril Act

1862- signed by Lincoln, 160 acres of government land granted to settler if land was improved with home, crops, etc. Resulted in a large number of

European immigrants

Homestead Act

The Assassination of President Lincoln

CandidatesJohn Quincy Adams (R)Andrew Jackson (D-R)Henry Clay (D-R)

John Q. Adams (Whig)Andrew Jackson (Dem)

Henry Clay (Whig)Andrew Jackson (Dem)

William H. Harrison (Whig)Martin Van Buren (Dem)

William H. Harrison (Whig)Martin Van Buren (Dem)

Outcome

6th PresidentJohn Q. Adams (D-R)VP: John C. Calhoun

7th PresidentAndrew Jackson (Dem)VP: John C. Calhoun

7th PresidentAndrew Jackson (Dem)VP: Martin Van Buren

8th PresidentMartin Van Buren (Dem)VP: Richard Johnson

9th PresidentWilliam H. Harrison (Whig)VP: John Tyler (Whig ticket)

Details

Andrew Jackson won the popular vote, but not the majority. House of Reps had to decide the winner. Henry Clay dropped out and backed Adams.John Q. Adams wins and names Clay his Secretary of State which is why the election is called the … “Corrupt Bargain”Adams Beliefs:1) Fed gov’t should support economy2) promote arts/science* Adams was an unpopular President

Jackson won by a large marginVoting privileges were open to any male 21 years or older (they did not need to own land)Jackson appealed to the common peopleFavored state rights“Victory for the common people”

Important EventsTariff of Abominations

(1828)Spoils SystemKitchen CabinetBank War

- AJ vetoes recharter-vs Nicholas Biddle

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Jackson wins easily common people supported Jackson & rejected National Bank

New Politics- caucuses- nominating

Important EventsSpoils SystemKitchen CabinetWorcester vs Georgia

(1832) Nullification Crisis

(1832) SCNational Banks charter

expires (1836)

Van Buren winsVan Buren’s Beliefs

1) cut back on govtspending

2) tried to establish a stable banking system3) laissez faire: hands off

economic affairs Important Events

Panic of 1837: banks couldn’t cash bonds from land sold in the West

-states printed more money what was

not backed by gold or silver

- inflation occurred- cotton prices fell - banks closed

** economic depression“Pet banks”

William Harrison wins“Tippecanoe & Tyler too”

Whigs Plan1) new U.S. Bank

2) improve infrastructure** Harrison dies of

pneumonia on his 32nd day in office

10th PresidentJohn Tyler (Whig ticket)

Democrat beliefsWhig Congress passes bank bill

- Tyler vetoes the billTyler’s beliefs are more aligned with Democrats

- accomplishes little

Year 1824 1828 1832 1836 1840Jacksonian Democracy Elections (1824-1840) Democrat . Whig .

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Candidates

Henry Clay (Whig)James K. Polk (Dem)

Zachary Taylor (Whig)Lewis Cass (Dem)

Winfield Scott (Whig)Franklin Pierce (Dem)

John C. Fremont (Republican)James Buchanan (Dem)

Abraham Lincoln (Rep)John Breckinridge (Dem)Stephen A. Douglas (Dem)

Outcome

11th PresidentJames K. PolkVP: George M. Dallas

12th PresidentZachary TaylorVP: Millard Filmore

14th PresidentFranklin Pierce (Dem)VP: William Rufus King

15th PresidentJames Buchanan (Dem)VP: John Breckinridge

16th PresidentAbraham Lincoln

VP: Hannibal Hamlin (1st)Andrew Johnson (2nd)

Details

First “dark horse” (little known) candidate to

win Expansionist PresidentManifest Destiny was

complete under his Presidency,

boundaries extend to Pacific Ocean after the Mexican-American War

Texas Republic, 1845Mexican-American War,

1846-1848Oregon Territory, 1848Seneca Falls Convention,

1848 Women’s Rights

General in the U.S. ArmyNo Formal EducationHero of the Mexican-

American WarDied in office after 16

months

General in the U.S. Army during the Mexican-

American WarGadsden Purchase, 1853Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854Bleeding Kansas, 1854Youngest President at the

time, 48 years old.

Pierce: 48 yrs, 101 daysT. Roosevelt: 42 yrs, 322 dObama: 47 yrs, 169 days

Only President never to have

married“Save the Union”

candidateNear the end of his term, seven

states seceded, forming the

Confederate States of America (CSA)

Dred Scott vs Sanford, 1857Raid on Harpers Ferry, VA 1859

First Republican PresidentSix weeks into his first term,

the attack at Fort Sumter

begins the Civil WarIssued the Emancipation

Proclamation (freeing slaves)

Assassinated by John Wilkes

Booth at the start of his

second termTallest President, 6’4”

13th PresidentMillard Filmore (Whig)President credited w/

Compromise of 1850Fugitive Slave Law, 1850Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852Wife started the

Presidential Library in the White House

From Buffalo, NY (Hospital named after him there)

Year 1845-1849 1849-1850 1853-1857 1857-1861 1861-1865

Presidents Studies 11-16 (1845-1865) Democratic . Whig / Republican .

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Andrew Johnson • Became

President after Lincoln’s assassination. Wanted to treat the South leniently.

Reconstruction

Social Studies Success

Reconstruction Act

This act established direct military rule over former Confederate states until new governments could be formed.

Ulysses S. Grant18thh U.S. PresidentHis administration was characterized by weak presidential leadership and widespread corruption.

Radical Republicans A Faction of American politicians within the Republican

Party from before the Civil War to the end of Reconstruction. Believed blacks were entitled to the same

political rights as whites.

In 1865, the Freedmen’s Bureau was created by

Congress to provide education and medical care to former slaves and to protect their legal rights.

Freedman’s Bureau • Created to help

freedmen adjust and to set up schools to educate them. They were given food, clothing and medical care.

Sharecropping A system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use

the land in return for a share of the crops produced on the land.

AFRICAN AMERICANS • African Americans took an

active role in the political process in the South

• They voted in record numbers and many ran for office

• Hiram Revels was the first black Senator

• After the failure of Reconstruction, Black Codes often restricted African Americans right to vote HIRAM REVELS – FIRST

BLACK SENATOR 95

The Reconstruction Amendments

15th Amendment (1870): Gave black men the right to vote

14th Amedment Gave citizenship and due process to anyone born in the U.S.

(19th Amendment (1920): gave women the right to vote)

13th Amendment (1865): Slaves received their freedom and finally ended slavery in the U.S.

The years immediately after the Civil War are known as “Reconstruction”. Because much of the South was destroyed during the war, it was now time to reconstruct it. During this time, three very important amendments were added to the Constitution.

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13th Amendment

Abolished slavery, passed in 1865

Granted U.S. citizenship to all former slaves, provide all citizens with “due process of law.”

Guaranteed voting rights to former slaves

15th Amendment

Carpetbagger Northern born white Republicans who moved south after the war

Southern born white Republicans, Southerners believed these people were betraying the South.

Ku Klux Klan

Secret group first set up in the South after the Civil War. Members terrorized African Americans.

Social

Studies

Success

Reconstruction

Dawes Act of 1887The act provided that each Indian family be given 160 acres of land.All remaining tribal lands were opened to whites.The act nearly destroyed Native American Indian culture.

Bill designed to break up tribes & promote assimilation into U.S. society

Dawes Homestead Act

Bessemer Process

In 1855, Henry Bessemer developed a new method of making steel.

Walt Whitman

He became one of the nation’s greatest poets during the19th

century.Wrote Leaves of Grass

Mark Twain

He was the first major American writer born away from the East Coast.He wrote Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

John Philip Sousa

He was an early composer for brass bands.He is most famous for The Stars and Stripes Forever.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XU4A_qJ3ptps://wwpp3pMpppppp

Transcontinental Railroad

The Indian Wars

A series of battles from the 1840’s to the 1880’s between the U.S. military and Native Americans in an effort to clear routes to the West.

Hiram Rhodes Revels 1st African American Elected to Congress

Primary Sources are the original records of an event. They include eyewitness reports, records created at the time of an event, speeches, and letters by people involved in the event, photographs and artifacts.

Secondary Sources are the later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. Often secondary sources, like textbooks and articles, provide summaries of information found in primary sources.

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