conflicts in the middle east ch 18-4. vocabulary o anwar sadat o golda meir o plo o yasir arafat o...
TRANSCRIPT
Conflicts in the Middle East
Ch 18-4
VocabularyO Anwar SadatO Golda MeirO PLOO Yasir ArafatO Camp David AccordsO IntifadaO Olso Peace Accords
Setting the StageO The Holocaust and WWII severely
diminished the Jewish populationO The movement to create a state or
Jewish Homeland, gained support following the war
O The site for this Jewish Homeland was designated in the Middle EastO Mostly Arab region
Israel Becomes a StateO Jewish claims to the land goes back
3,000 yearsO Palestinians claims go back to when
the Jews were mostly driven out in A.D. 135
O Jews forced out of the area were unable to found their own country
O Diaspora: The global dispersal of Jews
Movement Back to Israel
O In the 19th-20th centuries, Jews started to move back to the region.O Known as Zionists: People who
favored a Jewish homeland in Palestine
O Following WWI, Britain oversaw Palestine until it was ready for independence
O Jews had become a growing presence in the region at this time
Balfour DeclarationO Sir Arthur Balfour (British Foreign
Secretary) promoted the idea of a Jewish Homeland in Palestine
O Balfour Declaration- also included protection for non-Jewish minorities
Post WWIIO In 1947 the United Nations voted for the
partition of Palestine into a Palestinian state and a Jewish State
O Jerusalem was to be an International CityO Partition gave the Jews 55% when they
made up 34% of populationO All Islamic countries voted against the
partitionO May 14th, 1948 David Ben Gurion
announced the creation of the state of Israel
ConflictO May 15th Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon,
Saudi Arabia, and Syria invaded IsraelO First of many Arab-Israeli wars ended in
victory for IsraelO Full scale war broke out in 1956, 1967,
and 1973O The state of Palestine never came into
being due to the fightingO Other Arab counties took parts of the
land designated for Palestine
1956 Suez CrisisO Second Arab-Israeli WarO Egypt took control of the Suez CanalO British interests/control of the canal
were threatened. O Joined with Israel and France to retake
the canalO Pressure from other countries caused
them to back offO Egypt controls the Canal
Golda Meir and Anwar Sadat
O Golda Meir-Israeli Prime MinisterO Anwar Sadat- Egyptian President
Palestine Liberation Organization
O Palestinians struggled for recognitionO PLO formed in 1964 to push for the
formation of a Palestinian StateO Yasir Arafat: PLO chairmanO Carried out attacks against Israel
Efforts at PeaceO Camp David Accords: The first signed
agreement between Israel and an Arab country-1979
O Ended 30 years of hostilitiesO Signed in the USO Gave land back to Egypt in exchange
for recognition of Israel as a state
Tensions IncreaseO Intifada: “Uprising” widespread
campaign of civil disobedienceO Boycotts, demonstrations, attacks
and rock throwing
Oslo Peace AccordsO Israel agrees to grant Palestinians
self rule in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank
O Difficult to keep peaceO Many people opposed the moveO In response to uprisings, Israel
moved into Palestine areas to repress militants
CurrentO In 2003 Palestinians leaders elected
their first ever Prime Minister.O Stated goal of 2 countries living in
peace with each other.O There are extremists who oppose
this. Would prefer total control.O React when peace is attempted and
assassinate and attack.
Assessment O 1. Can 2 independent states exist? Why? O 2. How can we work to create these two
states?O 3. What are some of the problems with the
two-state partition plan?O 4. Some have said that the Palestinian-
Israeli conflict represents the struggle of right against right. Explain why you agree or disagree.
O 5. On page 586 Read the primary sources for each side. Answer the questions.