contributions to research in sÃo paulo state, brazil, …

THE STATE OF SÃO PAULORESEARCH FOUNDATION

CONTRIBUTIONS TO RESEARCH IN SÃO PAULO STATE,BRAZIL, INTO KNOWLEDGE ON CLIMATE CHANGE

(1992-2008)

THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Celso LaferPresident

José Arana VarelaVice-president

BOARD OF TRUSTEES

Celso LaferEduardo Moacyr KriegerHerman Jacobus Cornelis VoorwaldHorácio Lafer PivaJosé Arana VarelaJosé de Souza MartinsJosé Tadeu JorgeLuiz Gonzaga de Mello BelluzzoSedi HiranoSuely Vilela SampaioVahan AgopyanYoshiaki Nakano

EXECUTIVE BOARD

Ricardo Renzo BrentaniChief Executive

Carlos Henrique de Brito CruzScientific Director

Joaquim José de Camargo EnglerAdminsitrative Director

Catalogação-na-publicação elaborada pelo Centro de Documentação e Informação da FAPESP

Contributions to research in São Paulo State, Brazil, into knowledge on climate change / The State of São Paulo Research Foundation. – [São Paulo] : FAPESP, 2009.300 p. : il. ; 27 cm.

Tradução de: Contribuições da pesquisa paulista para o conhecimento sobre mudanças climáticas

1. FAPESP. 2. Pesquisa e desenvolvimento – São Paulo. 3. Ciência. 4. Tecnologia. 5. Projetos de pesquisa – São Paulo (Estado). 6. Mudanas climáticas. I. Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo.

CDD 507.20816101/09

Depósito Legal na Biblioteca Nacional, conforme Lei no 10.994, de 14 de dezembro de 2004.

Understanding and anticipating climate changes

The debate and studies on climate changes are the order of the day, and they are boundto remain so for some considerable time. After all, although there have always been varia-tions and changes in climate, in variable time scales, due to natural causes, over the last cen-tury, in addition to those natural causes there has been an onslaught of changes caused byhuman action. Especially with the releasing into the atmosphere of enormous quantities ofgreenhouse gases and aerosols and with changes in the land cover – as forests have beentransformed into areas of farming and pasture, affecting the natural biogeochemical cycles.

Throughout the world, researchers are studying the many variables involved in globalclimates changes, their causes and consequences, in addition to drawing up projections offuture changes and creating mathematical models of the climatic system. In this way theytry to establish possible scenarios and their impact on the natural systems and on the manyaspects of life on Earth. In Brazil, particularly, studies on climate change are tremendouslyimportant due to the great extension of the country, the significant interdependence of thebase economy on renewable natural resources, and its vegetal cover, already greatly alteredin the Biomas of the Atlantic Rainforest and Cerrado (tropical savanna) and in the rapidprocess of replacement in the Amazon Forest, where significant alterations in land use havebeen witnessed. To this should be added the increase in emissions, resulting from the bur-ning of fossils fuels and agricultural and industrial processes.

In August 2008, the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) launched theFAPESP Program for Research on Global Climate Changes, with the objective of stimula-ting research on the theme, making the link between the variables resulting from humanactivity and those resulting from natural causes. Resources in the region of R$ 100 millionhave been allocated for this program over the next ten years.

However, even before the creation of this program, a large number of research projectsinto climate changes and variations have been undertaken over the years in the State of SãoPaulo, and continue to be undertaken, with support from FAPESP, from the NationalCouncil for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and other brazilian andinternational funding agencies. These research activities were and continue to be carried outwithin the ambit of specific programs – Biota-FAPESP Program, Large Scale Experiment onthe Amazon Biosphere-Atmosphere (LBA) and the Amazon Environmental Modeling pro-ject (Geoma) – or in the form of hundreds of individual research projects.

This publication brings together information on 208 Thematic Projects and funding forRegular Research and 399 grants, in the different modalities, supported by FAPESP since1992 up to July 2008. These research activities range from oceanography to agronomy, fromphysics to economics, from chemistry to meteorology, including biology and mathematics,among other areas. In isolation, each activity contributes to the advance in knowledge in itsspecialty. Viewed as an interconnected whole, they provide an important contribution toknowledge on the theme of climate changes.

At the end of this publication there is a compilation of the main articles on the subjectpublished in Pesquisa FAPESP magazine.

The FAPESP Research on Global Climate Changes Program

Launched in September 2008, the FAPESP Research on Global Climate ChangesProgram (RGCCP) has the objective of advancing knowledge on the theme. It is hoped thatthe results of the program will assist in the taking of scientifically informed decisions withrespect to risk evaluations and strategies of mitigation and adaptation.

The program has a substantial technological component for the development of theappropriate technologies for the future, not just concerning innovative technologies for themitigation of emissions, but also technologies for adaptation in all sectors and activities,given that some degree of climate change is now inevitable.

The Program will also develop an observational component, which should involve therecuperation and expansion of regional and paleoclimatic climate observations. This will beobtained in association with other funding mechanisms internal and external to the State ofSão Paulo. Lastly, it should be noted that the Program includes a research component on theinterface of science and climate policy (www.fapesp.br/mcg).

The presentation of proposals will be conducted by means of the Call for ResearchProposals. The RGCCP will consider research proposals included within the scope of theProgram described, including the following areas, the detailed description of which can befound in the reference document available at www.fapesp.br/mcg/FRPGCC.pdf:

a) Consequences of global climate changes in the functioning of ecosystems, withemphasis on biodiversity and on the water, carbon and nitrogen cycles.

b) Radiation balance in the atmosphere, aerosols, trace gases and changes of land use.c) Global climate changes and agriculture and livestock farming.d) Energy and greenhouse effect gases: emissions and mitigation.e) Climate changes and effects on human health.f) Human dimensions of global climate changes: impacts, vulnerabilities and economic

and social responses, including adaptation to the climate changes.

FAPESP: in step with social and economic development

The FAPESP strategy for supporting science and technology in the State of São Paulo,Brazil, has three principles: the training of human resources, support for academic research– especially that of a fundamental nature – and support for research undertaken with a viewto applications. At the same time, the Foundation has maintained, since the day of its incep-tion, a commitment to promoting the dissemination and application of the results of theinvestments it makes in research in all areas of knowledge. In this role of inducer and pro-moter of the applications of science, the Foundation acts in tune with the aspirations of thepeople of the State of São Paulo, of Brazilian society as a whole, and the country’s needs forsocial and economic development.

To fulfill this mission of training qualified human resources and generating knowledge,FAPESP has different funding lines at its disposal: bursaries, at different levels and in diffe-rent modalities, awards for regular and thematic research, granted to researchers at docto-rate level in institutions of higher education and research in the State of São Paulo.

In research geared to applications, the Foundation supports academic projects geared tospecific themes, such as biodiversity, neuroscience, bioenergy and global climate changes,and also the creation of links between academic research and research in businesses or ingovernment, even in research projects in small enterprises.

AGRARIAN AND VETERINARY, 27

Thematic Projects

1 Environmental impact of the expansion of agriculture in Southwest Amazonia, 29

2 Strategies for restoration of degraded pastures in Amazonia examining agronomic, environmental and economic criteria, 29

3 Trace gas fluxes associated with land-cover and land-use changes in the Brazilian Amazon Basin, 29

Support for Regular Research

4 Crop-livestock integration in south-western of Goiás: impacts in soil carbon and in the greenhouse gas fluxes, 30

5 Loss of carbon from the soil predicted by first order decomposition model: effect of the breaking down of aggregates and the incorporation of the vegetal cover on the emissions induced by the preparation, 30

6 Soil sampling for carbon sequestration in a replanted area in São Paulo state, 31

7 Evaluation of environmental impact on a hydrographic microbasin using geographic information system, 31

8 Evaluation of climatic environment for the rearing of dairy cows in region with high levels of solar radiation, 31

9 CO2 emissions in soils in different positions of the landscape in area cultivated with sugarcane, 32

10 Possibility of the occurrence of water deficit in the municipality of Ituverava, São Paulo, 32

11 Effect of global climate changes on plant diseases, 32

12 Conversion of the Cerrado for agricultural purposes in Amazonia and its impact on climate changes, 33

13 Influence of nitrogenated fertilization with biosolid and mineral fertilizer on the fluxes of greenhouse effect gases in the soil in an area under successive forest rotation, 33

14 Organic fraction of biosolids and effect of the carbon stock and quality of organic material of a latosol cultivated with eucalyptus, 33

15 Models for the forecasting of productive and qualitative responses of Panicum maximum Jacq.based on climatic variables, 34

16 Integrated analysis of the effects of land use in forest fragments in the river Corumbataí basin, São Paulo (SP), 35

17 Ion fluxes in the soil solution in forest and pasture in Rondônia (RO), 35

18 Dynamic and stability of the organic matter in areas with potential for carbon sequestration in the soil, 35

19 Classification and monitoring of the egetal cover and use of land using Modis sensor data, 36

20 Structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with vegetal species cultivated in agroforest systems in central Amazonia, 36

21 Dynamic of soil carbon treated with biosolid in a reforestation with eucalyptus, 36

22 The impact of global changes on the productivity of soybean: comparison between the experimental and simulated results, 37

23 Quantity and quality of organic material in the soil in forest-pasture succession in Rondônia, 37

Summary

24 Variation in the chemical and physical properties of the soil and in the organic matter in agroecosystems of Western Amazonia, Amazon region, 37

25 Spatial variability of the properties of the soil in the Brazilian Amazon basin under natural vegetation, 38

26 Modeling with diffuse daily and hourly radiation: application of a computerized system of solar radiation data (Simras), 38

27 Effects of sugarcane harvesting without biomass burning on the dynamic of carbon and properties of the soil, 38

28 Root system and its influence on the flux of gases in forest/pasture succession in Brazilian Amazonia, 39

29 Measurement of CO2 emission in soils through optical absorption spectroscopy, 39

30 Use of remote sensing in the development of models for estimating canopy temperature and the biological production of sugarcane, 39

31 Classification and monitoring of vegetation through NOAA-AVHRR images, 39

32 Remote sensing for integrated analysis of the vegetation with elements of the physical environment and distribution of phytomass in contact areas of the forest and open countryside in Roraima, 40

33 Modifications in soil properties caused by deforestation and cultivation in different Brazilian bioclimatic systems, 40

34 Geostatistics applied to soils in Amazonia: case of forest-pasture succession in Rondônia, 40

35 Study of the relationship between photosynthetically active radiation absorbed with production of phytomass and yield of grain for the cultivation of wheat under different conditions of hydric stress, 40

36 Spectral characterization of stresses related to water and nutritional deficiencies in Eucalyptus grandis seedlings, 41

37 Studies of forest areas in regeneration through Landsat images, 41

38 Effect of the use of land on the dynamic of carbon and nitrogen in the soil in the region of Ariquemes, Rondônia (RO): use of a geographical computerized system, 41

Biota-FAPESP Program

39 Distribution of the community of palm trees in the altitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Rainforest in the northeast of the State of São Paulo, 42

40 Physiognomic-ecological units associated with remnants of natural vegetal cover, 42

Grants, 42

ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM, 49


1 Urban climate computational modeling for medium-size Brazilian cities, 51

2 Characterization of the intra-urban thermal field based on homogeneous areas, 51


3 Environmental atlas of the municipality of São Paulo: phase 1 – diagnosis and bases for the definition of public policies on green areas in the municipality of São Paulo, 51

Grants, 51

BIOLOGIES, 55

Thematic Projects

1 The role of Amazonian fluvial systems in regional and global carbon cycles: CO2 evasion and land-water interactions, 57

2 Alterations in the dynamic of organic matter in micro and meso scale rivers in the state of Rondônia, resulting from changes in land use, 57

3 Dynamic of carbon and related elements in the basin of the river Piracicaba, 58


4 Physiological and biochemical responses of three species of tropical legumes to climatic change, 58

5 Diversification of Bignonieae in the wetland savannas of Central Amazonia, 59

6 Cycle of carbon, nitrogen and soil nutrients in dense ombrophilous forest in the Serra do Mar State Park, in the State of São Paulo, 59

7 Potential prodution of greenhouse gases in sediments of marginal lagoons, 60

8 Fluxes of gases (CO2, N2O and CH4) and alterations in the transformations of the nitrogen in the soil, in basins with forest and pasture cover on the northern coast of the State of São Paulo, 60

9 Microbial diversity in the Central and Oriental Amazonian Anthropogenic Dark Earth: Detection of metanogenic Archaea, their functional role and contribution to the bacterial structure communities in ADE and adjacent sites, 60

10 Vulnerability of organic matter in the soil to temperature increase, 61

11 Methodological procedure for the identification of individual tree species in four forest formations in the State of São Paulo, using orbital images from the Quickbird and Aster sensors, 60

12 Impact of raised concentrations of CO2 on the physiology and the initial growth of four Brazilian forest species, in a future climatic simulation, 61

13 Stock of carbon and mineral nutrients in cerrado soils: effects of forest cultivation use, 62

14 Dynamic of carbon in the sugarcane agrosystem: mathematical modeling and environmental implications, 62

15 Stocks of carbon and nitrogen in cerrado soils aimed at agricultural sustainability, 62

16 Local management and conservation of natural resources in the Atlantic Rainforest (Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo), 63

17 Comparative ecophysiological analysis between species of macroalgae from lotic environments: temperature and irradiance, 63

18 Acid precipitations and their implications in the biogeochemistryof the basin of the river Piracicaba, 64

19 Effects of air pollution on gas exchanges of young individuals of Tibouchina pulchra Cogn(melastomataceae), in the region of Cubatão, São Paulo (SP), 64

20 Thermal comfort in cities: effect of tree-planting on the control of solar radiation, 64

21 Mapping of ground fires in the Emas National Park, Goiás: 1973-1994, 64

22 Adaptation strategies of arboreal species typical of waterlogged ground environments: a morphological, biochemical and ecophysiological approach, 65

23 Changes in land use in Amazonia and dynamic of the organic matter in the soil using carbon isotopes, 65

24 Aspects of the hydrological cycle in the Amazon basin: a temporal and spatial study, 65


25 Modeling of the dynamic of the organic matter in the soil in the zone of agricultural expansion in southwest Amazonia: basis for research into global climate changes, 66

26 Floristic composition, structure and functioning of the dense ombrophilous forest in the Picinguaba and Santa Virgínia nuclei of the Serra do Mar State Park, 66

27 Environmental Information System of the Biota-FAPESPProgram: development of indicators for monitoring,updating the labeling of the cartographic base and improvements to the Biota Neotrópica magazine, 66

28 Conservation of the biodiversity in fragmented landscapes on the Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo (Brazil), 66

29 Structure and functioning of hydrographic basins of meso and microscale in the State of São Paulo: bases for generating and sustaining biodiversity, 67

30 Viability of the conservation of the remains of the Cerrado in the State of São Paulo, 68

31 Conservation and sustainable use of the vegetal biodiversity of the Cerrado and the Atlantic Rainforest: the storage of carbohydrates and its role in the adaptation and maintenance of plants in their natural habitat, 68

Young Researchers in Emerging Centers

32 Total atmospheric deposition (wet and dry) in Brazil: implications of anthropic activities on the biogeochemical cycles of N and C, 69

33 Study of the relationship between the trophic state and the emission of greenhouse effect gases (CH4, CO2 and N2O) in reservoirs in the middle Tietê river and evaluation of the capacity to remove carbon, nitrogen…, 69

34 Seasonal variations and tolerance to hydric deficiency in seedlings of tropical tree species from different successional groups, 70

35 Biogeochemical cycle of carbon in rivers: an integrative approach through analysis without multiscales using multiple tracers, 70

Grants, 70

ENGINEERING, 83


1 Concentrations of chemical species released during the combustion of biomas in the Amazon Forest, 85

2 Phytomonitoring and modeling of photosynthesis in Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá), 85

3 Effects of levels of CO2 and doses of potassium applied via irrigation water to the melon crop (Cucumis melo L.) in protected environment, 85

4 Energy efficiency and sustainability: evaluation of the thermal performance of coverings and of the behavior of transparent materials in relation to solar radiation, 85

5 Combustion of material of different sizes in ground fires in tropical forests, 86

6 Geoenvironmental zoning as an aid to environmental management of hydrographic basins, 86

7 Monitoring and characterization of atmospheric particles in the city of São Carlos, central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, 86

8 Characteristics of the combustion of biomass in tropical forest burnings, 86

9 Biomass burning experiments in the Amazon region, 87

Information Technology in the Development of Advanced Internet (Tidia)

10 Research WebLabs in environmental services, 87

Grants, 87

PHYSICS, 91

Thematic Projects

1 Physical and chemical interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere of Amazonia in the LBA experiment, 93


2 Study of natural radiation and characterization in brazilian soil, 93

3 Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia: measured in long term, transport on large scale and effects on the atmospheric radioactive balance, 93

Technological Innovation in Small Businesses (PIPE)

4 Development of a system to measure pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere with infrared lasers (CO2 and CO) by photo-acoustic spectroscopy, 94

Grants, 94

GEOSCIENCES, 97

Thematic Projects

1 SMCos: System for the Monitoring and Study of Coastal Processes, 99

2 Studies on the predictability of extreme meteorological events in the Serra do Mar, 99

3 Brazilian component of the South American low level jet east of the Andes field experiment: interaction in Meso and Large scale between the Amazon and La Plata River Basins, 100

4 Radiation, cloud and climate interactions in the Amazon during the Dry-To-Wet transition season/LBA, 100

5 Organization and hydrobiogeochemical functioning of lateritic coverings in Amazonia, 101

6 Meteorology and atmospheric pollution in São Paulo, 102

7 Summer rainfall in São Paulo, Brazil, 102


8 Controls of the Atlantic Rainforest on the local and regional climate, 102

9 The carbon balance over an area of Atlantic Rainforest with micrometeorological and biometrical measurements, 103

10 Study of natural fires in the Cerrado, 103

11 Reconstruction of vegetation and climate since the middle Holocene in Brazil, 103

12 Mapping environmental indicators and remote sensing and GIS techniques applied to coastal regions – study case: Santos/São Vicente estuarine system, São Paulo, 104

13 Study of the influence of aerosol particles emitted by ground fires on photosynthesis in Amazonia, 104

14 Evaluation of air quality for ozone in the metropolitan region of Campinas, 104

15 Prognostic studies of the use of the Aqua satellite in the inference of the concentration of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, 105

16 The role of mesoscale and submesoscale activity in the Brazil-Malvinas frontal system, 105

17 Implementation and calibration of a Raman Lidar – water vapor and aerosols, 106

18 Investigation of the southern ocean circulation for the 20th century – part I: effect of the southern ocean modes of variability on the Weddell sea, 106

19 Reconstruction of paleovegetation and paleoclimate in regions of the southern coast of the State of São Paulo (Serra do Mar State Park – Nucleus of Curucutu and Ilha do Cardoso) in the Late Quaternary, 106

20 Study of the composition of aerosols and the isotopic signature of Pb as tracer of the source of atmospheric pollution in the city of São Paulo, 106

21 Refinement of the description and numerical simulation of the surface and convection processes in the Cptec modeling of the atmosphere, 107

22 An experiment to evaluate the effect of seasonal biomass burnings in central Brazil and the Amazon region on the increase in concentrations of carbon monoxide from tropospheric ozone in Southeast Brazil, 107

23 Variabilities of the South Atlantic. Connections with the thermohaline circulation and the climate in South America (VARIAS 2), 108

24 Study of the influence of atmospheric and geographical factors on the levels of ultraviolet radiation in regions of high population density in the State of São Paulo, 108

25 Study of the dynamics of water circulation between lotic, lentic systems and the floodplain, 108

26 Vertical structure of aerosols and their variations observed by balloon probes, 108

27 Climatic simulations for the summer in the Southeast of the country, 109

28 Study of carboxylic acids and aldehydes in the wet deposition in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, 109

29 Improvements in the description of parameters of surface and vegetation in the Northeast region of Brazil for use in meteorological and hydrological models, 109

30 Paleo-environmental reconstruction (vegetation and climate) in the Late Quaternary based on a multi/interdisciplinary study in the Vale do Ribeira (south of the State of São Paulo), 110

31 Climatic variability on the intrazonal scale in the Southern hemisphere with emphasis on the influences on South America and Southeast Brazil: the behavior of the Cptec/Cola model of global circulation of the atmosphere, 110

32 Survey of the physiognomic structure of the vegetation of the Caatinga, oriented towards the control of techniques of detection in changes, using remote orbital sensing, 110

33 The influence of atmospheric aerosol on the formation of photochemical pollutants, 111

34 Estimate of the effects of aerosol particles on the balance of atmospheric radiation in Amazonia, 111

35 Sun-climate relationships studied in tree rings in Chile, 111

36 Measurement of trace gases in regions under the influence of the transport of pollutants from biomass burning, 112

37 Local circulations in the region of Santarém: observations and numerical modeling in the multidisciplinary context of the LBA, 112

38 Investigation of the variability of low frequency in the South Atlantic. Analysis of the results of the ocean-atmosphere coupled model, 112

39 Numerical study of climatic variability in the South Atlantic ocean, 112

40 Study of the spatio-temporal variability of convection in the tropical region of South America, 113

41 Simultaneous observations of the CO and O3

minority gases in the lower atmosphere, 113

42 Paleoenvironmental dynamic of vegetation and climate in the recent Quaternary in domains of Atlantic Rainforest, semi-arid heathland and north-eastern Cerrado, using carbon isotopes of the soil organic matte (SOM), 114

43 Applications of meteorological satellites, 114

44 Structure of radar echoes in the summer in Amazonia, 114

45 Dynamic study of the impact of El Niño/south oscillation on the climate of the Americas, 114

46 Transport of atmospheric pollutants in the atmosphere-soil interface in natural and urban areas in the State of São Paulo, 114

47 Studies of greenhouse effect gases, 115

48 Climatology of the South-Southeast coastal region of Brazil, 115

49 Study of the surface boundary layer of Pantanal in south Mato Grosso, 115

50 Effects of biomass burning on the lower atmosphere in transition Cerrado-forest ecosystems, 116

51 Monitoring of bioclimatic variabilities and their impact on agricultural production in Brazil through Noaa AVHRR data, 116

52 Mesoscale interactions between biosphere and atmosphere in Amazonia, 117

53 Observations on the ozone layer in Punta Arenas, Chile, 117

54 Information system and modeling of solar radiation (Simras), 117

55 Evaluation of orbital radar images in the study of natural aquatic environments and environments of anthropic origin in: Monte Alegre’s Lago Grande and the reservoir of the Tucuruí hydroelectric plant, 118

56 South American cooperative on modeling of ocean, coastal and estuary processes related to global changes, 118

57 Regular sounding of the stratosphere – SRS, 118

58 The use of carbon isotopes in charcoals and humin in the soils. An indispensable tool to evaluate systematically the velocity of biological turnover and of paleoclimatic events, 118

59 Atmospheric teleconnections via data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, 118

60 Modeling and observation of the biosphere-atmosphere interaction in the State of São Paulo, 119

61 Experiment on the boundarylayer in Rondônia (RBLE), 119

62 Dynamic of waters of the continental platform and of the slope in the bay of Santos (Dabas), 119

63 Carbon isotopes in soils in the tropical region of Brazil and relationships with the cerrado-natural forest sequence of vegetations, 119

64 Measurements of the ozone layer and ultraviolet radiation, 120

65 Experiment on the boundary layer in Rondônia (RBLE), 120

66 Research into temporal variation of the neutrally charged particles and intensity of ozone and electric field in the stratosphere, 120

67 Monitoring of ozone together with meteorological soundings, 120

68 Monitoring system of biomass burnings and electronic dissemination of the information, 121

69 Investigation into the application of wavelet transform in the study of turbulent exchanges in the surface boundary layer of the atmosphere, 121

70 The influence of the Atlantic Ocean on global climate variation, 121

71 Experiment on the boundary-layer in Rondônia, 122

72 Measurement of greenhouse effect gases in natural Brazilian ecosystems, 122

73 Numerical study of the circulation of the tropical Atlantic with model of isopicnal coordinates (Nustrac), 122


74 Biosphere-atmosphere interaction phase 2: cerrados and changes of land use, 122

75 Biosphere-atmosphere interaction in natural ecosystems and agroecosystems: a monitoring of sugarcane and Cerrado, 123

76 Environmental study in the estuary of the river Itanhaém, southern coast of the State of São Paulo, 123

Young Researchers in Emerging Centers

77 Late quaternary paleoclimate in Brazil from oxygen and carbon isotope rations on speleothems, 124

78 An integrated seasonal forecasting system for South America, 124

79 Atmospheric aerosols and climatic changes on regional scale based on radiometers in satellites, 124

80 Development of an integrator of information acquired by pluviometers, satellites, lightning networks and meteorological radars and analysis of precipitant systems in Brazil – Precibra, 125

81 Space technology center for study of dynamic processes and oceanic fluxes on global scale, 125

82 Numerical modeling of the transformation and transport of atmospheric aerosol particles in the Amazon region.An evaluation of their climatic impact, 125

83 Numerical modeling of the transport and of atmospheric processes acting on gases and aerosols from biomass burnings in South America, 126

84 Simple hydrological model to estimate humidity of soil and runoff in macro-scale bays, 126

First Projects

85 Evaluation of the air quality for ozone in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, 126

86 Contributions of solar variability and geophysical events in the climate of South America: study of the Sun-climate relationships in growth rings of trees, 127

87 The role of aerosols in the formation of severe storms in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, 127

Technological Innovation in Small Businesses (PIPE)

88 Generation of digital models of elevation through radargrametry with Radarsat-1 satellite images, 128

Partnership for Technological Innovation Program (PITE)

89 A research program on earth system cience with special emphasis on global climate change, 128

Public Policies Research Program

90 Implementation of the air quality model for the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, 128

Grants, 128

HUMAN AND SOCIAL, 145

Thematic Projects

1 Socio-environmental dynamics, local development and sustainability on the São Paulo–Paraná–Mato Grosso do Sul frontier, 147

2 Intrametropolitan dynamic and socio-demographic vulnerability in the metropolises in the interior of the State of São Paulo: Campinas and Santos, 147


3 Study of the socio-environmental impacts motivated by the advance of the agricultural frontier along the BR-163, 148

4 Urban restructuring and the environment: the case of São Paulo, 149

5 Social actors in the deforestation in the Serra do Mar, São Paulo: conflicts of interest between preservation and regional development, 149

6 Evaluating international scientific collaboration in Amazonia, 149

Grants, 149

CHEMISTRY, 153

Thematic Projects

1 Mercury fluxes in the Rio Negro Basin, Amazon, 155


2 Determination of polycyclic aromatic derivatives in atmospheric aerosols, 155

3 Organic compounds indicators of natural and anthropic emissions, 155

4 Studies of nitrogen compounds present in the atmosphere in the central region of the State of São Paulo, 156

5 Use of diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry for verifying the detailed history of the whitening of marine coral samples, 156

6 Biogeochemistry of metals in aquatic environments and in the atmosphere. Part I: chemical speciation of metals in rainwater, 156

7 Development of methods in situ close to real time for atmospheric trace gases, 157

8 Study of the contribution of sugarcane burning to atmospheric contamination by PAHs and nitro PAH. Evaluation of the occupational exposure of sugarcane cutters to PAHs, 157

9 Aquatic chemistry of mercury in the river Negro: importance of sunlight in the redox process, 157

10 Study of the paleoclimatic alterations in central Amazonia, through the use of 14C dating and isotopic reason 13C/12C, 157

11 Determination of partial pressure of CO2

in the ocean mixed layer, 157

12 Characterization of atmospheric particulate matter: II. Identification and quantification of polar organic compounds, 158

Grants, 158

HEALTH, 161

Thematic Projects

1 The impact of intra-uterine exposures and in the initial phases of the development to atmospheric pollutants in the development of adverse alterations in adult life, 163

2 Atmospheric pollution in the metropolitan region of São Paulo: impacts on health of the population and proposition of remedial measures, 163


3 Analysis of the chemical signatures of particulate material emitted by different diesel/biodiesel concentrations and their toxic effects in biological systems, 163

4 An analysis of the bioaerosols in the atmosphere of the metropolitan region of the city of São Paulo, 164

5 Pulmonary and cardiovascular alterations induced by inhalation of concentrated particulate material from the atmosphere of São Paulo, 164

6 Effect of air pollution in the carcinogenesis of mice, 164

Public Policies Research Program – SUS

7 Analysis of morbidity and mortality associated with climate variation in the municipality of São Paulo, 165

Grants, 165

INTERDISCIPLINARY AND GRANTS FOR OTHER AREAS, 169

Public Policies Research Program

1 Development of technology for ozone forecasting in the lower atmosphere, 171

Grants, 171

SELECTION OF REPORTS ON CLIMATE CHANGE –PESQUISA FAPESP MAGAZINE, 173

THEMATIC PROJECTS

Agrarian and Veterinary, 27

1 Environmental impact of the expansion of agriculture in Southwest Amazonia, 29

2 Strategies for restoration of degraded pastures in Amazonia examining agronomic, environmental and economic criteria, 29

3 Trace gas fluxes associated with land-cover and land-use changes in the Brazilian Amazon Basin, 29

Biologies, 55

1 The role of Amazonian fluvial systems in regional and global carbon cycles: CO2 evasion and land-water interactions, 57

2 Alterations in the dynamic of organic matter in micro and meso scale rivers in the state of Rondônia, resulting from changes in land use, 57

3 Dynamic of carbon and related elements in the basin of the river Piracicaba, 58

Physics, 91

1 Physical and chemical interactions between the biosphere and the atmosphere of Amazonia in the LBA experiment, 93

Geosciences, 97

1 SMCos: System for the Monitoring and Study of Coastal Processes, 99

2 Studies on the predictability of extreme meteorological events in the Serra do Mar, 99

3 Brazilian component of the South American low level jet east of the Andes field experiment: interaction in Meso and Large scale between the Amazon and La Plata River Basins, 100

4 Radiation, cloud and climate interactions in the Amazon during the Dry-To-Wet transition season/LBA, 100

5 Organization and hydrobiogeochemical functioning of lateritic coverings in Amazonia, 101

6 Meteorology and atmospheric pollution in São Paulo, 102

7 Summer rainfall in São Paulo, Brazil, 102

Human and Social, 145

1 Socio-environmental dynamics, local development and sustainability on the São Paulo–Paraná–Mato Grosso do Sul frontier, 147

Summary by modality

2 Intrametropolitan dynamic and socio-demographic vulnerability in the metropolises in the interior of the State of São Paulo: Campinas and Santos, 147

Chemistry, 153

1 Mercury fluxes in the Rio Negro Basin, Amazon, 155

Health, 161

1 The impact of intra-uterine exposures and in the initial phases of the development to atmospheric pollutants in the development of adverse alterations in adult life, 163

2 Atmospheric pollution in the metropolitan region of São Paulo: impacts on health of the population and proposition of remedial measures, 163

SUPPORT FOR REGULAR RESEARCH


4 Crop-livestock integration in south-western of Goiás: impacts in soil carbon and in the greenhouse gas fluxes, 30

5 Loss of carbon from the soil predicted by first order decomposition model: effect of the breaking down of aggregates and the incorporation of the vegetal cover on the emissions induced by the preparation, 30

6 Soil sampling for carbon sequestration in a replanted area in São Paulo state, 31

7 Evaluation of environmental impact on a hydrographic microbasin using geographic information system, 31

8 Evaluation of climatic environment for the rearing of dairy cows in region with high levels of solar radiation, 31

9 CO2 emissions in soils in different positions of the landscape in area cultivated with sugarcane, 32

10 Possibility of the occurrence of water deficit in the municipality of Ituverava, São Paulo, 32

11 Effect of global climate changes on plant diseases, 32

12 Conversion of the Cerrado for agricultural purposes in Amazonia and its impact on climate changes, 33

13 Influence of nitrogenated fertilization with biosolid and mineral fertilizer on the fluxes of greenhouse effect gases in the soil in an area under successive forest rotation, 33

14 Organic fraction of biosolids and effect of the carbon stock and quality of organic material of a latosol cultivated with eucalyptus, 33

15 Models for the forecasting of productive and qualitative responses of Panicum maximum Jacq.based on climatic variables, 34

16 Integrated analysis of the effects of land use in forest fragments in the river Corumbataí basin, São Paulo (SP), 35

17 Ion fluxes in the soil solution in forest and pasture in Rondônia (RO), 35

18 Dynamic and stability of the organic matter in areas with potential for carbon sequestration in the soil, 35

19 Classification and monitoring of the egetal cover and use of land using Modis sensor data, 36

20 Structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with vegetal species cultivated in agroforest systems in central Amazonia, 36

21 Dynamic of soil carbon treated with biosolid in a reforestation with eucalyptus, 36

22 The impact of global changes on the productivity of soybean: comparison between the experimental and simulated results, 37

23 Quantity and quality of organic material in the soil in forest-pasture succession in Rondônia, 37

24 Variation in the chemical and physical properties of the soil and in the organic matter in agroecosystems of Western Amazonia, Amazon region, 37

25 Spatial variability of the properties of the soil in the Brazilian Amazon basin under natural vegetation, 38

26 Modeling with diffuse daily and hourly radiation: application of a computerized system of solar radiation data (Simras), 38

27 Effects of sugarcane harvesting without biomass burning on the dynamic of carbon and properties of the soil, 38

28 Root system and its influence on the flux of gases in forest/pasture succession in Brazilian Amazonia, 39

29 Measurement of CO2 emission in soils through optical absorption spectroscopy, 39

30 Use of remote sensing in the development of models for estimating canopy temperature and the biological production of sugarcane, 39

31 Classification and monitoring of vegetation through NOAA-AVHRR images, 39

32 Remote sensing for integrated analysis of the vegetation with elements of the physical environment and distribution of phytomass in contact areas of the forest and open countryside in Roraima, 40

33 Modifications in soil properties caused by deforestation and cultivation in different Brazilian bioclimatic systems, 40

34 Geostatistics applied to soils in Amazonia: case of forest-pasture succession in Rondônia, 40

35 Study of the relationship between photosynthetically active radiation absorbed with production of phytomass and yield of grain for the cultivation of wheat under different conditions of hydric stress, 40

36 Spectral characterization of stresses related to water and nutritional deficiencies in Eucalyptus grandis seedlings, 41

37 Studies of forest areas in regeneration through Landsat images, 41

38 Effect of the use of land on the dynamic of carbon and nitrogen in the soil in the region of Ariquemes, Rondônia (RO): use of a geographical computerized system, 41

Architecture and Urbanism, 49

1 Urban climate computational modeling for medium-size Brazilian cities, 51

2 Characterization of the intra-urban thermal field based on homogeneous areas, 51

Biologies, 55

4 Physiological and biochemical responses of three species of tropical legumes to climatic change, 58

5 Diversification of Bignonieae in the wetland savannas of Central Amazonia, 59

6 Cycle of carbon, nitrogen and soil nutrients in dense ombrophilous forest in the Serra do Mar State Park, in the State of São Paulo, 59

7 Potential prodution of greenhouse gases in sediments of marginal lagoons, 60

8 Fluxes of gases (CO2, N2O and CH4) and alterations in the transformations of the nitrogen in the soil, in basins with forest and pasture cover on the northern coast of the State of São Paulo, 60

9 Microbial diversity in the Central and Oriental Amazonian Anthropogenic Dark Earth: Detection of metanogenic Archaea, their functional role and contribution to the bacterial structure communities in ADE and adjacent sites, 60

10 Vulnerability of organic matter in the soil to temperature increase, 61

11 Methodological procedure for the identification of individual tree species in four forest formations in the State of São Paulo, using orbital images from the Quickbird and Aster sensors, 60

12 Impact of raised concentrations of CO2 on the physiology and the initial growth of four Brazilian forest species, in a future climatic simulation, 61

13 Stock of carbon and mineral nutrients in cerrado soils: effects of forest cultivation use, 62

14 Dynamic of carbon in the sugarcane agrosystem: mathematical modeling and environmental implications, 62

15 Stocks of carbon and nitrogen in cerrado soils aimed at agricultural sustainability, 62

16 Local management and conservation of natural resources in the Atlantic Rainforest (Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo), 63

17 Comparative ecophysiological analysis between species of macroalgae from lotic environments: temperature and irradiance, 63

18 Acid precipitations and their implications in the biogeochemistry of the basin of the river Piracicaba, 64

19 Effects of air pollution on gas exchanges of young individuals of Tibouchina pulchra Cogn(melastomataceae), in the region of Cubatão, São Paulo (SP), 64

20 Thermal comfort in cities: effect of tree-planting on the control of solar radiation, 64

21 Mapping of ground fires in the Emas National Park, Goiás: 1973-1994, 64

22 Adaptation strategies of arboreal species typical of waterlogged ground environments: a morphological, biochemical and ecophysiological approach, 65

23 Changes in land use in Amazonia and dynamic of the organic matter in the soil using carbon isotopes, 65

24 Aspects of the hydrological cycle in the Amazon basin: a temporal and spatial study, 65

Engineering, 83

1 Concentrations of chemical species released during the combustion of biomas in the Amazon Forest, 85

2 Phytomonitoring and modeling of photosynthesis in Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá), 85

3 Effects of levels of CO2 and doses of potassium applied via irrigation water to the melon crop (Cucumis melo L.) in protected environment, 85

4 Energy efficiency and sustainability: evaluation of the thermal performance of coverings and of the behavior of transparent materials in relation to solar radiation, 85

5 Combustion of material of different sizes in ground fires in tropical forests, 86

6 Geoenvironmental zoning as an aid to environmental management of hydrographic basins, 86

7 Monitoring and characterization of atmospheric particles in the city of São Carlos, central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, 86

8 Characteristics of the combustion of biomass in tropical forest burnings, 86

9 Biomass burning experiments in the Amazon region, 87

Physics, 91

2 Study of natural radiation and characterization in brazilian soil, 93

3 Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia: measured in long term, transport on large scale and effects on the atmospheric radioactive balance, 93

Geosciences, 97

8 Controls of the Atlantic Rainforest on the local and regional climate, 102

9 The carbon balance over an area of Atlantic Rainforest with micrometeorological and biometrical measurements, 103

10 Study of natural fires in the Cerrado, 103

11 Reconstruction of vegetation and climate since the middle Holocene in Brazil, 103

12 Mapping environmental indicators and remote sensing and GIS techniques applied to coastal regions – study case: Santos/São Vicente estuarine system, São Paulo, 104

13 Study of the influence of aerosol particles emitted by round fires on photosynthesis in Amazonia, 104

14 Evaluation of air quality for ozone in the metropolitan region of Campinas, 104

15 Prognostic studies of the use of the Aqua satellite in the inference of the concentration of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, 105

16 The role of mesoscale and submesoscale activity in the Brazil-Malvinas frontal system, 105

17 Implementation and calibration of a Raman Lidar – water vapor and aerosols, 105

18 Investigation of the southern ocean circulation for the 20th century – part I: effect of the southern ocean modes of variability on the Weddell sea, 106

19 Reconstruction of paleovegetation and paleoclimate n regions of the southern coast of the State of São Paulo (Serra do Mar State Park – Nucleus of Curucutu and Ilha do Cardoso) in the Late Quaternary, 106

20 Study of the composition of aerosols and the isotopic signature of Pb as tracer of the source of atmospheric pollution in the city of São Paulo, 106

21 Refinement of the description and numerical simulation of the surface and convection processes in the Cptec modeling of the atmosphere, 107

22 An experiment to evaluate the effect of seasonal biomass burnings in central Brazil and the Amazon region on the increase in concentrations of carbon monoxide from tropospheric ozone in Southeast Brazil, 107

23 Variabilities of the South Atlantic. Connections with the thermohaline circulation and the climate in South America (VARIAS 2), 108

24 Study of the influence of atmospheric and geographical factors on the levels of ultraviolet radiation in regions of high population density in the State of São Paulo, 108

25 Study of the dynamics of water circulation between lotic, lentic systems and the floodplain, 108

26 Vertical structure of aerosols and their variations observed by balloon probes, 108

27 Climatic simulations for the summer in the Southeast of the country, 109

28 Study of carboxylic acids and aldehydes in the wet deposition in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, 109

29 Improvements in the description of parameters of surface and vegetation in the Northeast region of Brazil for use in meteorological and hydrological models, 109

30 Paleo-environmental reconstruction (vegetation and climate) in the Late Quaternary based on a multi/interdisciplinary study in the Vale do Ribeira (south of the State of São Paulo), 110

31 Climatic variability on the intrazonal scale in the Southern hemisphere with emphasis on the influences on South America and Southeast Brazil: he behavior of the Cptec/Cola model of global circulation of the atmosphere, 110

32 Survey of the physiognomic structure of the vegetation of the Caatinga, oriented towards the control of techniques of detection in changes, using remote orbital sensing, 110

33 The influence of atmospheric aerosol on the formation of photochemical pollutants, 111

34 Estimate of the effects of aerosol particles on the balance of atmospheric radiation in Amazonia, 111

35 Sun-climate relationships studied in tree rings in Chile, 111

36 Measurement of trace gases in regions under the influence of the transport of pollutants from biomass burning, 112

37 Local circulations in the region of Santarém: observations and numerical modeling in the multidisciplinary context of the LBA, 112

38 Investigation of the variability of low frequency in the South Atlantic. Analysis of the results of the ocean-atmosphere coupled model, 112

39 Numerical study of climatic variability in the South Atlantic ocean, 112

40 Study of the spatio-temporal variability of convection in the tropical region of South America, 113

41 Simultaneous observations of the CO and O3 minority gases in the lower atmosphere, 113

42 Paleoenvironmental dynamic of vegetation and climate in the recent Quaternary in domains of Atlantic Rainforest, semi-arid heathland and north-eastern Cerrado, using carbon isotopes of the soil organic matte (SOM), 114

43 Applications of meteorological satellites, 114

44 Structure of radar echoes in the summer in Amazonia, 114

45 Dynamic study of the impact of El Niño/south oscillation on the climate of the Americas, 114

46 Transport of atmospheric pollutants in the atmosphere-soil interface in natural and urban areas in the State of São Paulo, 114

47 Studies of greenhouse effect gases, 115

48 Climatology of the South-Southeast coastal region of Brazil, 115

49 Study of the surface boundary layer of Pantanal in south Mato Grosso, 115

50 Effects of biomass burning on the lower atmosphere in transition Cerrado-forest ecosystems, 116

51 Monitoring of bioclimatic variabilities and their impact on agricultural production in Brazil through Noaa AVHRR data, 116

52 Mesoscale interactions between biosphere and atmosphere in Amazonia, 117

53 Observations on the ozone layer in Punta Arenas, Chile, 117

54 Information system and modeling of solar radiation (Simras), 117

55 Evaluation of orbital radar images in the study of natural aquatic environments and environments of anthropic origin in: Monte Alegre’s Lago Grande and the reservoir of the Tucuruí hydroelectric plant, 118

56 South American cooperative on modeling of ocean, coastal and estuary processes related to global changes, 118

57 Regular sounding of the stratosphere – SRS, 118

58 The use of carbon isotopes in charcoals and humin in the soils. An indispensable tool to evaluate systematically the velocity of biological turnover and of paleoclimatic events, 118

59 Atmospheric teleconnections via data from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, 118

60 Modeling and observation of the biosphere-atmosphere interaction in the State of São Paulo, 119


62 Dynamic of waters of the continental platform and of the slope in the bay of Santos (Dabas), 119

63 Carbon isotopes in soils in the tropical region of Brazil and relationships with the cerrado-natural forest sequence of vegetations, 119

64 Measurements of the ozone layer and ultraviolet radiation, 120


66 Research into temporal variation of the neutrally charged particles and intensity of ozone and electric field in the stratosphere, 120

67 Monitoring of ozone together with meteorological soundings, 120

68 Monitoring system of biomass burnings and electronic dissemination of the information, 121

69 Investigation into the application of wavelet transform in the study of turbulent exchanges in the surface boundary layer of the atmosphere, 121

70 The influence of the Atlantic Ocean on global climate variation, 121

71 Experiment on the boundary-layer in Rondônia, 122

72 Measurement of greenhouse effect gases in natural Brazilian ecosystems, 122

73 Numerical study of the circulation of the tropical Atlantic with model of isopicnal coordinates (Nustrac), 122


3 Study of the socio-environmental impacts motivated by the advance of the agricultural frontier along the BR-163, 148

4 Urban restructuring and the environment: the case of São Paulo, 149

5 Social actors in the deforestation in the Serra do Mar, São Paulo: conflicts of interest between preservation and regional development, 149

6 Evaluating international scientific collaboration in Amazonia, 149

Chemistry, 153

2 Determination of polycyclic aromatic derivatives in atmospheric aerosols, 155

3 Organic compounds indicators of natural and anthropic emissions, 155

4 Studies of nitrogen compounds present in the atmosphere in the central region of the State of São Paulo, 156

5 Use of diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry for verifying the detailed history of the whitening of marine coral samples, 156

6 Biogeochemistry of metals in aquatic environments and in the atmosphere. Part I: chemical speciation of metals in rainwater, 156

7 Development of methods in situ close to real time for atmospheric trace gases, 157

8 Study of the contribution of sugarcane burning to atmospheric contamination by PAHs and nitro PAH. Evaluation of the occupational exposure of sugarcane cutters to PAHs, 157

9 Aquatic chemistry of mercury in the river Negro: importance of sunlight in the redox process, 157

10 Study of the paleoclimatic alterations in central Amazonia, through the use of 14C dating and isotopic reason 13C/12C, 157

11 Determination of partial pressure of CO2 in the ocean mixed layer, 157

12 Characterization of atmospheric particulate matter: II. Identification and quantification of polar organic compounds, 158

Health, 161

3 Analysis of the chemical signatures of particulate material emitted by different diesel/biodiesel concentrations and their toxic effects in biological systems, 163

4 An analysis of the bioaerosols in the atmosphere of the metropolitan region of the city of São Paulo, 164

5 Pulmonary and cardiovascular alterations induced by inhalation of concentrated particulate material from the atmosphere of São Paulo, 164

6 Effect of air pollution in the carcinogenesis of mice, 164

BIOTA-FAPESP PROGRAM


39 Distribution of the community of palm trees in the altitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Rainforest in the northeast of the State of São Paulo, 42

40 Physiognomic-ecological units associated with remnants of natural vegetal cover, 42


3 Environmental atlas of the municipality of São Paulo: phase 1 – diagnosis and bases for the definition of public policies on green areas in the municipality of São Paulo, 51

Biologies, 55

25 Modeling of the dynamic of the organic matter in the soil in the zone of agricultural expansion in southwest Amazonia: basis for research into global climate changes, 66

26 Floristic composition, structure and functioning of the dense ombrophilous forest in the Picinguaba and Santa Virgínia nuclei of the Serra do Mar State Park, 66

27 Environmental Information System of the Biota-FAPESP Program: development of indicators for monitoring, updating the labeling of the cartographic base and improvements to the Biota Neotrópica magazine, 66

28 Conservation of the biodiversity in fragmented landscapes on the Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo (Brazil), 66

29 Structure and functioning of hydrographic basins of meso and microscale in the State of São Paulo: bases for generating and sustaining biodiversity, 67

30 Viability of the conservation of the remains of the Cerrado in the State of São Paulo, 68

31 Conservation and sustainable use of the vegetal biodiversity of the Cerrado and the Atlantic Rainforest: the storage of carbohydrates and its role in the adaptation and maintenance of plants in their natural habitat, 68

Geosciences, 97

74 Biosphere-atmosphere interaction phase 2: cerrados and changes of land use, 122

75 Biosphere-atmosphere interaction in natural ecosystems and agroecosystems: a monitoring of sugarcane and Cerrado, 123

76 Environmental study in the estuary of the river Itanhaém, southern coast of the State of São Paulo, 123

YOUNG RESEARCHERS IN EMERGING CENTERS

Biologies, 55

32 Total atmospheric deposition (wet and dry) in Brazil: implications of anthropic activities on the biogeochemical cycles of N and C, 69

33 Study of the relationship between the trophic state and the emission of greenhouse effect gases (CH4, CO2 and N2O) in reservoirs in the middle Tietê river and evaluation of the capacity to remove carbon, nitrogen…, 69

34 Seasonal variations and tolerance to hydric deficiency in seedlings of tropical tree species from different successional groups, 70

35 Biogeochemical cycle of carbon in rivers: an integrative approach through analysis without multiscales using multiple tracers, 70

Geosciences, 97

77 Late quaternary paleoclimate in Brazil from oxygen and carbon isotope rations on speleothems, 124

78 An integrated seasonal forecasting system for South America, 124

79 Atmospheric aerosols and climatic changes on regional scale based on radiometers in satellites, 124

80 Development of an integrator of information acquired by pluviometers, satellites, lightning networks and meteorological radars and analysis of precipitant systems in Brazil – Precibra, 125

81 Space technology center for study of dynamic processes and oceanic fluxes on global scale, 125

82 Numerical modeling of the transformation and transport of atmospheric aerosol particles in the Amazon region. An evaluation of their climatic impact, 125

83 Numerical modeling of the transport and of atmospheric processes acting on gases and aerosols from biomass burnings in South America, 126

84 Simple hydrological model to estimate humidity of soil and runoff in macro-scale bays, 126

FIRST PROJECTS

Geosciences, 97

85 Evaluation of the air quality for ozone in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, 126

86 Contributions of solar variability and geophysical events in the climate of South America: study of the Sun-climate relationships in growth rings of trees, 127

87 The role of aerosols in the formation of severe storms in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, 127

TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN SMALL BUSINESSES (PIPE)

Physics

4 Development of a system to measure pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere with infrared lasers (CO2 and CO) by photo-acoustic spectroscopy, 94

Geosciences

88 Generation of digital models of elevation through radargrametry with Radarsat-1 satellite images, 128

PARTNERSHIP FOR TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION PROGRAM (PITE)

Geosciences

89 A research program on earth system cience with special emphasis on global climate change, 128

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED INTERNET (TIDIA)

Engineering

10 Research WebLabs in environmental services, 87

PUBLIC POLICIES RESEARCH PROGRAM

Geosciences

90 Implementation of the air quality model for the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, 128

Health, 153

7 Analysis of morbidity and mortality associated with climate variation in the municipality of São Paulo, 165

Interdisciplinary, 157

1 Development of technology for ozone forecasting in the lower atmosphere, 171

GRANTS



Biologies, 70

Engineering, 87

Physics, 94

Geosciences, 128


Chemistry, 158

Health, 165

Agrarian and Veterinary

THEMATIC PROJECTS

Environmental impact of the expansion ofagriculture in Southwest Amazonia

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/59012-1Term: Nov/2006 to Oct/2010

Current global warming is caused by the increase ingreenhouse effect gases (GEE) in the atmosphere, ema-nating from the burning of fossil fuels, agriculture andchanges in land use. Brazil is considered one of the lar-gest emitters due to the last two sources. The southwestregion of Amazonia, today the largest agricultural fron-tier in the world, probably contributes significantly tothis increase. The research aims to evaluate the envi-ronmental impact caused by the use and change of useof the land in the states of Rondônia and Mato Grossodue to emissions of GEE CO2, CH4 and N2O in the last30 years and forecast, by means of modeling, futureimpacts. Complementarily, we will evaluate the soildegradation and the socioeconomic implications dueto the agricultural expansion in the region, which, toge-ther with the previous objectives, constitute the indis-pensable elements for the formulation of public policyplans which aim to mitigate global warming withoutlosing sight of the production of foods and the sustai-nable development of the region.

Strategies for restoration of degraded pastu-res in Amazonia examining agronomic, envi-ronmental and economic criteria

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/08239-2Term: Jul/2001 to Apr/2006

Pastures make up the principal use of cleared landin the Brazilian Amazon. Observations show that after4 to ten years after they are formed, pastures generallybegin a process of degradation that characterized by adecline in grass productivity and an increase in thecover of weeds. For both environmental and economicreasons, development of strategies for reformation andrestoration of these existing degraded pastures is prefe-rable to formation of new pastures by traditional slashand bum activities. The objective of this project is toexamine strategies for recuperation of degraded pastu-res in Amazonia examining agronomic, environmental

and economic criteria. To achieve this objective, we willconduct an experiment on an existing 63-ha area ofpasture in the process of degradation located atFazenda Nova Vida, in Ariquemes, Rondônia. To ensu-re that this experiment will be located on a representa-tive and homogeneous area of this existing pasture, thearea will be characterized for topography, soil physicaland chemical attributes, production and nutritive valueof existing forage plants, weed infestation and botanicalcomposition, using geostatistical and geoprocessingtechniques. The experiment will consist of four blocks(replicates) of six pasture reformation techniques: 1)control, 2) herbicide + NPK + micronutrients, 3) dis-king + NPK + micronutrients, 4) disking + coplantingof Brachiaria brizantha + PK + micronutrients, 5) plo-wing + disking + planting of rice + NPK + micronu-trients (“barreirão” system), and 6) plowing + disking+ rotation of soybean and corn +PK + micronutrients.Before and during the three years following the initia-tion of the treatments, they will be evaluated for anumber of agronomic, environmental and economiccriteria, including, i) plant production, nutrient valueand digestability of forrage, ii) distribution of the rootsystem, iii) soil quality, aggregation, resistance to rootpenetration, stocks and fractions of carbon (C), nitro-gen (N), phosphorus (P), cation exchange capacity, aci-dity, availability of nutrients and toxic elements,macrofauna and microbial biomass, iv) chemical analy-sis of soil solution, including dissolved organic C andN, potassium, nitrate and ammonium, v) fluxes of tracegases, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) andnitric oxide (NO), vi) sequestration of C and N, andvii) economic viability. Results will be analyzed by mul-tivariate analysis of variance to determine the treat-ments that best meet the criteria in each of the threeareas and to examine the tradeoffs between these refor-mation objectives.

Trace gas fluxes associated with land-coverand land-use changes in the BrazilianAmazon Basin

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/00446-4Term: Jun/1997 to Nov/2000

We propose to measure changes in key soil proces-ses and the fluxes of CO2, N2O and no associated withthe conversion of tropical rainforest to pasture inRondônia, a state in the southwest Amazon that hasexperienced rapid deforestation, primarily for cattleranching, since the late 1970s. in sum, these measure-

29AGRARIAN AND VETERINARY

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ments are intended to provide a comprehensive quan-titative picture of the nature of surface soil elementstocks, C and nutrient dynamics, and trace gas fluxesbetween soils and the atmosphere during the entiresequence of land-use change from the initial cuttingand burning of native forest, through planting andestablishment of pasture grass and ending with very oldcontinuously-pasture land. All of our work is done incooperation with Brazilian scientists at the Center forNuclear Energy in Agriculture (Cena) through anextant official bi-lateral agreement between the marinebiológical laboratory and the University of São Paulo,Cena s parent institution. in this research we will : 1)make field measurements of P stocks and N2O and nofluxes along two sequences of forest and pastures esta-blished between 1989 and 1911 at a large ranch(Fazenda Nova Vida) that we have been studying forthe past five years, 2) conduct field studies of C, N andP stocks and C and N cycling rates in soils, and fluxes ofCO2, N2O and no between the soil and the atmospherein a pasture that we created in 1994; 3) develop bothresponse-function and process-based models to predicttrace gas flux rates; 4) link these models with geogra-phically-referenced information on rates of forest clea-ring for pasture to begin to predict how these changesaffect trace gas flux rates for the entire BrazilianAmazon basin.


Crop-livestock integration in south-westernof Goiás: impacts in soil carbon and in thegreenhouse gas fluxes

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2008/00707-9Term: Jun/2008 to May/2010

Nowadays, there is much discussion about possibleenvironmental damage arising from agricultural activi-ties, due to the expansion of crop farming and pasturesin regions of the Cerrado, especially aspects related tothe emission of greenhouse effect gases (GEE) and glo-bal warming. However, there are sustainable alternati-ves for the use of natural resources, based on soil con-servation, environment and maximization of cattlefarming production. The crop-cattle integration system(CCI) proposes a diversification of activities throughthe strategic incorporation of pastures into agriculture,in a way that benefits both. This modern system is sizedto meet the demands of land for agribusiness, the eco-nomic perspectives of farmers and cattle breeders,

without causing deforestation and with minimal envi-ronmental impact. The objectives of this research willbe to evaluate the CCI system under no-till plantingand compare it to the other land uses in the southwestregion of Goiás, evaluating the impacts on the soil andthe environment. Soil and GEE (CO2, N2O and CH4)will be sampled. In the soil we will evaluate quantitati-ve and qualitative attributes related to soil carbon.Mathematical modeling will be used to simulate thedynamic of organic material in the soil as a result ofadoption of the CCI system.

Loss of carbon from the soil predicted byfirst order decomposition model: effect ofthe breaking down of aggregates and theincorporation of the vegetal cover on theemissions induced by the preparation

Newton La Scala JúniorJaboticabal School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2007/57650-6Term: Mar/2008 to 28/2/2010

Preparation of the soil stimulates the loss of carbon(C) through the increase in aeration, improvement inthe temperature and humidity conditions of the soil andthrough the release of a fraction of the labile organicmatter (OM) previously protected by aggregates fromdecomposition. In this work we present the develop-ment of a model capable of explaining the emissions ofcarbon dioxide (CO2), or the losses of C via emission ofCO2 (C-CO2) after soil preparation, in relation to theemissions from the undisturbed plot added to a correc-tion due to the preparation effect. Our hypothesis is thatan additional quantity of labile OM, previously protec-ted by the aggregates, is made available through the soilpreparation to microbial activity. The model assumesthat the level of carbon (C) present in the labile OM fol-lows a kinetic of reduction of the first order. The emis-sion of C-CO2 in the plot where the soil preparation isundertaken will be derived, taking into considerationthat this plot possesses a higher quantity of labile OMcompared to the undisturbed plot and also taking intoaccount additional labile C introduced into the decayprocess due to the introduction of the mass of hay intothe interior of the soil due to the preparation. Based onthis hypothesis, the result is two models. Thus, we areproposing to carry out new experiments in the areas ofagriculture where a surface density of residues from theprevious maize crop (Zea mays) will be controlled andincorporated into the soil at the time of preparation.The preparation systems tested will be the disk plowingfollowed by leveler grid, and the moldboard plow follo-

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wed by leveler grid, to an average working depth of 15-20 cm. We believe that we can define the effect of thebreaking up of the aggregates on the additional emis-sion of CO2 after preparation, distinguishing it from theeffect of the incorporation of residues in the soil onthese emissions.

Soil sampling for carbon sequestration in a replanted area in São Paulo state

Hilton Thadeu Zarate do CoutoLuiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/00864-4Term: Sep/2007 to Aug/2009

The climate changes are a big danger for the envi-ronment and the sustainable development of the world.This changes are caused by the increment of the gree-nhouse effect up of the desired levels, caused by the gas-ses that absorb the sun radiation (SZACÁKS, 2003).With the main objective of decrease the effects causedby the increment of gasses emissions, the UnitedNations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC) talk about the CO2 sequestration by theskills of biologic absorption of the soils and forest. In2006 they point the class of pools to be considered forthe sequestration: Biomass up and down the soil, deadwood, organic matter and soils. The present project isconsidered to be executed in forest soils with the prece-dent that the organic carbon concentration of soilsrepresent the main stock in interaction with the atmos-phere, knowing that the vegetation (650 Pg C) and theatmosphere (750 Pg C) has less levels. The main pro-blem is that the methods to evaluate and study the car-bon pools in soils are few, and they represent anotherbig difficult, the comparation of the results and theintegration in trust databases are impossible in practi-ce, because there are many differences related to themeasure ways and the sampling methods. At thismoment there are not methodologies ways to measurethe sequestration of carbon in agriculture productionsystems. (ACOSTA 2001, ETCHEVERS 2001). Theobjective of this work is to develop a soil sampling planin native forest to know if the carbon used in cleandevelopment mechanisms comparing different sam-pling class used in soils. The applied methodology is theone named at 2006 Intergovernamental Panel ofClimate Changes. This is an important research forBrazil, because it has the main forest at world, so we canestimate a big CO2 sequestration that may turn into bigsales of divisas.

Evaluation of environmental impact on a hydrographic microbasin using geographic information system

Teresa Cristina Tarle PissarraJaboticabal School of Agrarian and Veterinary SciencesSão Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2005/60758-8Term: Nov/2006 to Oct/2008

In the present Project, the environmental impactwill be evaluated through the interpretation, observa-tion and graphic representation of part of the earth’ssurface, considering as experimental territorial unit thehydrographic microbasin, and the analysis of the envi-ronment, with regard to the data collected on the physi-cal-chemical parameters of the hydric resources, sedi-ment and soil, in accordance with the alterationsderiving from human activities, using in juxtapositionthe analysis of data and maps elaborated in theGeographical Information System (GIS). Thus, we willevaluate hydrographic microbasins of the first order ofmagnitude with sources protected by forest, by refores-tation in the initial stage and with a preponderance ofagricultural activities. The hydrographic microbasin tobe studied will be that of the Córrego da Fazenda daGlória, located in the municipality of Taquaritinga(SP). The use/occupation of the soil and the topo-graphy will be evaluated and all the information collec-ted will be used in support of environmental planning.

Evaluation of climatic environment for the rearing of dairy cows in region with high levels of solar radiation

Newton La Scala JúniorJaboticabal School of Agrarian and Veterinary SciencesSão Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2005/58364-1Term: Feb/2006 to Jan/2008

Measurements are taken of rectal temperature, tem-perature of the external surface of the body, respirationrate, of the levels of pigmentation of the epidermis andpelage (thickness of coat, average length of hairs, avera-ge diameter of hairs, angle of inclination of hairs) indairy cows from herds in the states of Rio Grande doNorte and Ceará. These measurements are associatedwith simultaneous measurements of environmentalvariables (solar irradiance, average radiant temperatu-re, air temperature, air humidity, wind velocity), withthe aim of establishing indices of environmental stress.These indices are compared with similar existing for-


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mulas found in the literature, choosing the best indexto carry out a bioclimatic zoning of the dairy cattle inthe states of the northeast.

CO2 emissions in soils in different positions of the landscape in area cultivated with sugarcane

Newton La Scala JúniorJaboticabal School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2004/15213-0Term: Apr/2005 to Jul/2007

The role of greenhouse effect gases in climate chan-ge on our planet is reasonably well known, but little isknown about the various characteristics of the balanceof this gas in the biosphere. Aspects such as temporaland spatial variability, the relationship between soil pro-perties and also how the different practices and strate-gies used in agriculture affect the emission of this gas arealso barely known, especially in tropical environments.In this project we propose to identify the factors thatcontrol or are related to the spatial and temporal varia-bility of the emission of soil-atmosphere CO2. The iden-tification of these attributes is essential in order to deter-mine forecasting models used in several simulations.Combining the field measurements with the analysis ofdata in statistical and mathematical models in the labo-ratory, we will be able to identify the factors which infirst approximation will be more closely related to therespiration of soil in the agricultural areas studied. Wewill consider, in addition to the variation in the form oflandscape, variations in physical, chemical, biologicaland mineralogical attributes of the soil, during a cycle ofthe cultivation of sugarcane, in an area with a long his-tory of cultivation of this crop. The emissions will bemonitored in periods in which the soil will be uncoveredand covered by the sugarcane crop, making it possiblefor us to discover the influence of the various propertieson the respiration of the soil on occasions in whichmicrobial activity is the only source of emission (baresoils), but also how much root respiration could be con-tributing to the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere.

Possibility of the occurrence of water deficitin the municipality of Ituverava, São Paulo

Anice GarciaDr. Francisco Maeda FacultyItuverava Educational Foundation (FEI)Process 2004/04375-0Term: Mar/2005 to Feb/2007

Water, as a common and fundamental consumablefor cattle farming activities, is not uniformly distribu-ted either spatially or temporally. Awareness of the pro-bability of the occurrence of water shortage in theregion makes it possible to plan for better use of thewater resources. The study will be based on daily dataof rainfall and evapotranspiration, which will be esti-mated by the FAO method using daily measurements ofmeteorological elements. The water deficit will be esti-mated based on a sequential hydric balance.

Effect of global climate changes on plant diseases

Raquel GhiniEmbrapa EnvironmentBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)Process 2004/01966-7Term: Dec/2004 to Nov/2007

Climate changes constitute one of the most seriousglobal challenges for humanity. Their adverse effectsare now a reality all over the world. Among the altera-tions predicted, there is unanimity regarding theincrease in the concentration of atmospheric carbongas, which is expected to double by the end of the cen-tury, despite efforts to set up international agreements.This environmental alteration could modify the sus-ceptibility of host plants to diseases; the multiplication,the survival and other activities of pathogens; as well asthe interaction between host plant and the pathogens.In the Northern hemisphere there is information onthe increase of important plant diseases with theincrease of atmospheric CO2, given, in general, that 60per cent of the pathosystems studied displayed increa-ses in the incidence of diseases caused by biotrophicand necrotrophic pathogens. However, in Brazilianconditions there is no information, despite it beingindispensable for the understanding of what mightoccur with some diseases of Brazil’s strategic crops.Thus, the present project has the objective of evaluatingthe effect of the increase in the concentration of atmos-pheric CO2 on the monocyclic components of coffeeand bean rusts, soybean and rice blast, under open-top-ped greenhouse conditions. Six open-topped gree-nhouses will be built with circular aluminum structu-res, sides covered with transparent plastic film andautomated control of the concentration of CO2. Inthree greenhouses we will inject CO2 until it reachesdouble the environmental concentration, evaluated inthe other three greenhouses. The monocyclic compo-nents evaluated will be the period of incubation, thelatent period, percentage of foliar area injured, fre-quency of infection, infectious period and sporulation.

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Conversion of the Cerrado for agricultural purposes in Amazonia and its impact on climate changes

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/01230-0Term: Oct/2004 to Nov/2006

Favorable conditions of topography and climatemake the Cerrado (wooded savanna) one of the world’smost promising agricultural frontiers. The clearing andburning of the natural vegetation, followed by the cul-tivation of the soil lead to a decrease in the stock of thesoil’s organic material (SOM) and increase in the emis-sion of greenhouse effect gases. Conservationist practi-ces, such as the no-till planting system, are efficientstrategies for the mitigation of these effects. The gene-ral objective of the research will be to evaluate SOMalterations in the process of the conversion of theCerrado of Amazonia into areas of conventional culti-vation and no-till farming. The work will be underta-ken at the Fazenda União, in Vilhena (RO), which hasbeen systematically cleared since 1997 for the plantingof annual crops, with the current situation being achronosequence consisting of cerrado, areas with oneor two years of conventional cultivation and with oneto four years of no-till farming following on from con-ventional cultivation. We will collect soil and gas sam-ples in a strip of 1 hectare (200m x 50m), subdividedinto five plots of 40m x 50m, which will constitute therepetitions. The levels of C and N, associated with thedensity of the respective layer, will make it possible tocalculate the stock, the variation of which through timewill indicate an eventual sequestration of C. The flux ofthe gases will be measured in five static layers in whichthe samples will be taken at regular intervals (time 0, 5,10 and 20 minutes) in 20 ml BD syringes and analyzedby gas chromatography. The measurements will betaken twice in a 24-hour period, at the time of mini-mum and maximum temperature, and at least twice ayear, that is, after harrowing in the dry season and dur-ing the development of the crop in the wet season. Thissequence should provide information on the dynamicof the flux of gases after the preparation of the soil andthe fertilization of the crops. The Century model willbe applied to simulate the dynamic of C and N in thesoil, initially assuming a state of dynamic equilibriumof the soil under native vegetation, followed by simula-tion of the temporal variations. The results will becompared with the data effectively measured in thefield and potential data contained in the literature.

Influence of nitrogenated fertilization withbiosolid and mineral fertilizer on the fluxesof greenhouse effect gases in the soil in anarea under successive forest rotation

Marisa de Cássia PiccoloCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/01197-3Term: Jun/2004 to Sep/2006

In areas under successive rotations of forest planta-tions the deficiency of nitrogen (N) in the soil canbecome a limiting factor in the production, requiringhigh doses of nitrogen in the maintenance of the stocksof this element in the soil and nutrition of the plants.The application of biosolid (sewage sludge) is an alter-native that has been increasingly studied for fertiliza-tion of areas with forest plantation, offering goodresults in terms of development of the trees, althoughlittle is known about the effects of this practice on thefluxes of greenhouse effect gases in the soil and themineralization of N. The objective of this project is tostudy in a forest area populated with Eucalyptus gran-dis, after successive rotations (6th rotation): theinfluence of mineral and organic (biosolid) fertilizerused as sources of N on the fluxes of important soilgreenhouse effect gases (CO2, N2O and CH4); the avai-lability of mineral N (NH4+ and NO3-) and its rate ofmineralization; and the stocks of total carbon andnitrogen in the soil during the first 12 months of thedevelopment of the trees.

Organic fraction of biosolids and effect of the carbon stock and quality of organic material of a latosol cultivated with eucalyptus

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/01196-7Term: Jun/2004 to May/2005

The agricultural use of biosolid has been recom-mended as a practice for the maintenance or increase inthe levels of edaphic organic matter (OM) and toobtain all the benefits associated with OM. However,little is known about the quality of the organic fractionof the biosolids, the dynamic of carbon (C) in soilstreated with the residue and real contribution of theorganic fraction of the biosolids in the sequestration of


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C and capacity for cationic exchange (CCE) in treatedareas. The present research plan is proposed with thegeneral objective of studying the degradation of bioso-lids after application in the soil, correlating it with theinitial chemical composition of the organic fraction ofthe residues and using the carbon 13C isotope, to deter-mine the effect of the biosolids in the degradation ofthe original OM in a latosol cultivated with eucalyptusand treated with doses of a biosolid. To this end, it isnecessary to reconcile experiments under controlledlaboratory conditions with field evaluation (casestudy). In controlled conditions we will determine therates of degradation of five biosolids after mixture withsamples of a red oxisol of clayish texture. The incuba-tion time will be 70 days. The results of accumulatedCO2 released, discounted from the control, will be usedin adjustments to mono, bi and triphasic equations offirst-order kinetics, so as to obtain values of K (speed ofdegradation constant) and degradation half-life. Theorganic fraction of biosolids will be characterized bymeans of the determination of the total levels of OM,MO, C, N, P, C soluble in water, carbohydrates, pro-teins, lipids, cellulose, lignin, tannins and phenols; lev-els of C, N and P in organic compounds; and C, N andP in inorganic compounds. These results will be corre-lated with the rates of biosolids after 70 days of incuba-tion and, if possible, with the rates in each phase ofdegradation (bi and tri-phasic equations). Using thedifference between the values of natural abundance ofthe stable isotope of 13C in the oxisol and in three ofthe biosolids, we will evaluate the real degradation ofthe biosolids in the soil, measured periodically duringthe 70 days of incubation, the relative percentage of Cderiving from the residues and original C of the soil, inthe incubated soil samples and in the respirated CO2.This approach will permit the evaluation of the con-ventional respirometric method (capture and determi-nation of CO2) with regard to the possibility of over orunder estimation of the rates of degradation of bioso-lids, as well as making it possible to determine the effectof biosolids in the degradation of the original C in thesoil (priming effect). In the field, we will determine thelevels and stocks of C and N, up to a depth of 60 cm, ina red-yellow oxisol of low fertility, cultivated withEucalyptus grandis and treated with doses of an alkalinebiosolid. We will also evaluate possible alterations inthe quality of the soil’s OM as a result of the applicationof the residue and, in this case, the indicator variableswill be: 1) total levels of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids,cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin; 2) concentrations ofcarbon in three pools, determined by reason of diffe-rent degrees of oxidation; and 3) potential values ofCCE at pH 7.0 and CCE effective on the natural pH. Itshould be noted that the study of the field case is com-plementary to a multidisciplinary project which began

in 1998, the object of which involves the evaluation ofsilvicultural, agronomical, environmental and econo-mic aspects, related to the use of biosolids in fast-growth forest plantations.

Models for the forecasting of productive andqualitative responses of Panicum maximumJacq. based on climatic variables

Carlos Guilherme Silveira PedreiraLuiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/00415-7Term: Sep/2004 to Aug/2006

Models for forecasting the production of forageplants and of the qualitative characteristics of the fora-ge produced throughout the year can be valuable toolsin planning and taking decisions in animal productionsystems based on pastures, as well as in the study ofthese responses by means of simulation in researchenvironments. Such models, however, need to be deve-loped and proposed according to proven criteria ofvalidity and applicability to a range of scenarios and, ingeneral, are more solid and inclusive the more theyencapsulate the decisive variables of the processesabout which one hopes to make deductions. Data onthe production and variation of the qualitative charac-teristics of the forage produced should be generated insimulations in such a way as to be coherent with thereal values obtained in field conditions. To this end, theindependent variables chosen for the forecasting ofthese responses should be biologically consistent withthe processes on which they have an effect. The objecti-ve of the present study is to characterize the principalproductive and qualitative responses of five cultivationsof Panicum maximum (Jacq.), with the objective ofcreating a database of the agronomic characteristicsand the nutritional value of these forages, such as accu-mulation of forage, morphological and chemical-bro-matological composition, digestibility and physicalcharacterization. With this information in hand, wewill evaluate forecasting models of productive and qua-litative responses against climatic variables such as heatunits (degree-days) and heat units modified by thephotoperiod (photothermic units). With this, it ishoped to be possible to rationalize the biological pro-cesses, detaching them from less consistent procedures,such as the use of chronological scales (calendar) todetermine the management of ideal harvest time forthese forages. Seasonal variations in the responses mea-sured in the field will be compared against the resultssimulated by the models for the purpose of evaluatingthe forecasting power of these models.

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Integrated analysis of the effects of land use in forest fragments in the riverCorumbataí basin, São Paulo (SP)

Carlos Alberto VettorazziLuiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/09108-7Term: Jun/2004 to Nov/2006

The general objective of this study is to investigatethe effects of land use in forest fragments in the basinof the river Corumbataí (SP). We will use methods ofremote sensing (by means of classification of satelliteimages) and geographical information systems onground cover, structured interviews and research indatabases for the collection and organization of data onland use. For this study, the types of cover are related tothe materials which occupy the surface of the ground,such as water, forest and plantation. The use of the landis related to socioeconomic factors, which can determi-ne the conservation or degradation of the forest frag-ments. The analysis of the results will be based on thecorrelation between a series of variables which repre-sent the variation or not in the conservation of forestfragments and the indicators of land use occurring inthe period 1985 to 2000. With this study we hope fordiscussion and comparison of the systems of produc-tion which use advanced technologies, as is the casewith sugarcane, and traditional systems, as is the case ofslaughter cattle in the region of the study.

Ion fluxes in the soil solution in forest and pasture in Rondônia (RO)

Marisa de Cássia PiccoloCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/06971-6Term: Sep/2004 to Nov/2006

The concentration of ions in the solution of soil isan important indicator of the functioning of the soil,being essential in evaluations of losses of nutrientsthrough drainage and from the nutritional demandfrom vegetation. The study of the interferences in thechange of the use of land on the characteristics of thesoil solution is important in the quantification of theequilibrium of entry and exit of nutrients in the soil andin the evaluation of the effects with the time of altera-tions of the system on the fertility of the soil. The objec-tive of this work is the evaluation of the effects of the

change of land use on the dynamic of the nutrients inthe soil solution in a system of natural forest and pastu-re of low productivity. The research project will be car-ried out in the Fazenda Nova Vida (RO), in a naturalforest system, in a pasture established in 1983 in the pro-cess of degradation (low productivity) and in a mana-ged (harrowed and fertilized) pasture established in1983. With the help of collectors, we will sample the rainwater, leached rain, surface run-off water, the soil solu-tion (tension lysimetry) and the leached soil solution(zero-tension lysimetry) to study the entries and exits ofions and of organic and inorganic carbon dissolved.

Dynamic and stability of the organic matter in areas with potential for carbonsequestration in the soil

Ladislau Martin NetoEmbrapa Agricultural InstrumentationBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)Process 2003/06084-0Term: Sep/2003 to May/2006

Throughout the world, scientifically and economi-cally viable solutions have been studied with the view ofreducing the emission into the atmosphere of CO2,CH4 and N2O gases, responsible for the greenhouseeffect. Most notable among them is carbon sequestra-tion (C) by the soil, for which Brazil displays greatpotential, due to its territorial expanse and agricultu-ral/forestry aptitude. Reforestation and recuperation ofdegraded areas, with the use of promising gramineousor leguminous plants, are envisaged by the Kyoto pro-tocol as alternatives capable of substantially increasingthe sequestration of C. Other notable practices are therotation of crops (gramineous-leguminous) and thesystem of no-till planting, the use of which has beenincreasing in the country and which has provided grea-ter additions of organic matter to the soil compared tothe conventional system. However, with the use of thesealternatives, there is the need for a better understandingof the dynamic (additions and losses of C) and the sta-bility (sequestration time of C) of the organic materialin Brazilian soils, as well as under different vegeta-tion/crop systems of management, guaranteeing at thesame time the sustainability of production and thesequestration of C. The present Project proposes tomeet that need, aiming for a better understanding ofthe behavior of organic matter in areas with potentialfor C sequestration, through the evaluation of thestocks of carbon in the soil and of the use of fractioningtechniques followed by spectroscopic techniques.


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Classification and monitoring of the egetal cover and use of land using Modis sensor data

Yosio Edemir ShimabukuroNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2003/01727-0Term: Jul/2003 to Jun/2005

This Project presents a methodological proposal forthe Classification and monitoring of forest, cerrado andpantanal ecosystems, and detection of changes due tonatural and anthropic causes. In this context, the state ofMato Grosso was chosen as the area for study, as theregion possesses several vegetal formations and has beenexperiencing big changes in the use and cover of theland, due to the entry of agriculture and cattle farminginto the regions of the cerrado, as well as the activities ofclearing and burning in the region of legal Amazonia,both through natural and anthropic causes. For thispurpose, data will be used from the Modis (ModerateResolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor acqui-red during the year 2002. This sensor was chosen as itpossesses characteristics of spectral and spatial resolu-tion which enable an improvement in the quality of thestudies on regional and global scale. The general objec-tives of this study are: 1) to generate a map of vegetalcover of the region in a spatial resolution intermediarybetween the maps already produced; 2) to monitor thephenological changes in the use and cover of the land,due to clearings and burnings. To attain these objectives,we will adapt the methodologies developed for theClassification of the vegetal cover using data from theAVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer)and for the detection of changes in use and cover of theland. Among the results expected, we can mention themaking available of a map of the vegetal cover in thestate of Mato Grosso and of a methodology for thedetection of cleared areas and evaluation of the areas ofburnings, generated using multispectral and multitem-poral information from the Modis sensor. Such infor-mation is important as a basis for the planning andmanagement of the natural resources of the region.

Structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiassociated with vegetal species cultivated inagroforest systems in central Amazonia

Elke Jurandy Bran Nogueira CardosoLuiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/07490-9Term: Nov/2002 to Feb/2005

In the present study it is intended to investigate infield conditions the structure of communities of MAfungi under the effect of pupunha (Bactris gasipaes)and cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum), cultivated inagroforest system and in monoculture, and of legumi-nosae cover of tropical kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides)present in these cultivation systems, as well as the effectof the different patterns of structure observed in thegrowth of these species, in greenhouse conditions. Thefield trial is located in Embrapa Western Amazonia, inthe municipality of Manaus (MA). We will carry outtwo collections of soils and roots during a year (dry andwet season). The soil samples will be evaluated for thediversity and density of spores of MA fungi through theclassic method of taxonomy. Subsequently, we willundertake, using molecular methods, the confirmationof the species determined in the previous stage. In theroot samples we will evaluate the mycorrhizal coloniza-tion and molecularly determine the presence of the dif-ferent species of mycorrhizal fungi observed within thesoil. In a greenhouse trial, we will produce the differentpatterns of communities observed in the field and eva-luate their effects on the growth of cupuassu, pupunhaand kudzu tropical. In this trial we will determine thelevels of nutrients and the dry matter in the exposedand root parts. In the roots we will evaluate the totalcolonization and the presence of the different species ofMA fungi.

Dynamic of soil carbon treated with biosolidin a reforestation with eucalyptus

Brigitte Josefine FeiglCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/10761-1Term: May/2002 to Feb/2006

The growing concern over the environment, princi-pally related to depollution of rivers, has led some citiesto treat their domestic sewage. The material resultingfrom the sewage treatment stations, called biosolid, isrich in organic matter and nutrient and could beapplied to agricultural and forest soils as substitute foror complement to chemical fertilization, as it offersimprovements in the physical, chemical and biologicalproperties of the soil. Since it possesses a large quantityof organic matter, the material offers potential for car-bon sequestration. The general objective of the propo-sal is to evaluate the effect of the biosolid applied in aeucalyptus plantation on the stock of carbon and theproductivity of the crop, in addition to determiningalterations in the quality of the organic matter in thesoil. As specific objectives we propose: a) to quantify

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the stock of carbon in the soil before the installation ofthe experiment to ascertain the spatial variability; b) toperiodically quantify the stocks of carbon in the soil toascertain the rate of mineralization of the biosolid; c) tomonitor the emission of gases (CO2 and CH4) fromthe soil and to compare with the rate of mineralizationof the soil incorporated with biosolid; d) to calculatethe quantity of C remaining from the previous cropand that introduced through the biosolid by means ofthe use of isotopic techniques which include 13C; and)to evaluate the primary liquid production of the areaswith eucalyptus which received biosolid in comparisonwith areas without biosolid.

The impact of global changes on the productivity of soybean: comparison betweenthe experimental and simulated results

Durval Dourado NetoLuiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/06395-0Term: Sep/2001 to Feb/2003

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] has been animportant source of protein for 5,000 years and, sincethe 1950s, food industries have extracted protein fromsoybeans to develop varieties of foods and food ingre-dients. The impacts of global changes, such as theincrease in the concentration of CO2 and/or increase intemperature, will affect the development and growth ofsoybean. Complex models of simulations are widelyused to predict the impact of these changes in agricultu-ral production. Notable among these models, is theCropgro-Soybean model of simulation and growth,which has been used to predict the potential of theimpacts of Climate changes in the growth, developmentand yield of soybean. However, experiments are neces-sary to determine the accuracy of the simulated resultsin relation to the development, growth and yield of thecrop in field conditions. The first objective of this studyis to compare the data on yield, biomass and foliar areaobtained in experiments in environmentally controlledchambers, in the University of Georgia, USA, with theresponses based on simulations using the Cropgro-Soybean model and similar climatic data to that used inthe experiments. The second objective, based on thecomparisons between the simulated and observed data,is to propose improvements in the process of the modelto increase the accuracy of the simulated data, in rela-tion to impacts caused by climate change in the produc-tion of soybean. The third objective is to compare andanalyze the data observed of the root development ofthe soybean crop in two different concentrations of

CO2 (400 and 700 ppm) and three different temperatu-res (20/15 °C, 25/20 °C and 30/25 °C, day/night).

Quantity and quality of organic material in thesoil in forest-pasture succession in Rondônia

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/12189-0Term: May/2001 to Jun/2003

The general objective of this research is to study thedynamic of organic matter of the soil (SOM) whentypical tropical forest vegetation is replaced with pastu-re vegetation, from the quantitative and qualitativeaspects. Parallel indicators, such as the mineralizationof organic carbon (C) in aggregates, intact and aftertheir destruction, and the chemical nature of the vege-tal residues deposited will also be investigated. To attainthis objective, it is intended to carry out the followingspecific goals: 1) to quantify the stocks of C and nitro-gen (N) and evaluate the relative contribution of Cderived from pasture in the different fractions of theSOM, based on the natural abundance of 13C; 2) todetermine the alterations in the quality of SOMthrough the analysis of its different fractions with che-mical and spectroscopic techniques; 3) to estimate therates of deposition and decomposition of litter in thepasture; 4) to evaluate whether there is a difference inthe quality of the vegetal residue (litter and roots) inthe forest and in the pastures and what is the influenceon the quality of the SOM; 5) to evaluate the existenceof a possible physical protection mechanism for theorganic matter in soil aggregates in the two ecosystems,through the determination of the inter- and intra-aggregated “light fraction” and the mineralization of Cwith the incubation of intact and destroyed aggregates.An essential condition for the carrying out of this studywill be the use of a chronosequence consisting of a for-est and three pastures of different ages, in the same classof soil representative of the Amazon basin.

Variation in the chemical and physical properties of the soil and in the organic matter in agroecosystems of WesternAmazonia, Amazon region

Eurípedes MalavoltaCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/05810-0Term: Aug/2000 to Jul/2002


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The studies will be carried out in three chronose-quences (forest-brushwood-cassava, forest-cupuassuplantation with the use of agricultural tools) found inthe region of Manaus, located in Western Amazonia.The objective of this work is to ascertain the effect ofdeforestation on the dynamic of the organic matter andon the chemical and physical properties of the soil,when substituted by two different types of manage-ment (introduction of an annual crop, cassava, andanother by a perennial crop, cupuassu plantation). Thestudies will be undertaken in the experimental stationsof Embrapa Western Amazonia and in areas of produ-cers in the region.

Spatial variability of the properties of the soil in the Brazilian Amazon basinunder natural vegetation

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/02439-0Term: Jul/2000 to Jun/2001

The research proposes to study the spatial variabi-lity of the soil properties, with emphasis on organiccarbon, in the Brazilian Amazon basin under nativevegetation. The study of the spatial variability will becarried out starting with the elaboration, harmoniza-tion and updating of a database of georeferenced dataon the soils of the Amazon basin. After the harmoniza-tion of the database (estimate of missing data such assoil density), the carbon contents will be calculatedbased on results derived from the total sum of the avai-lable values up to a meter in depth and from those deri-ved from the use of an exponential model of verticalvariability of carbon. The maps of values and of asso-ciated errors will be calculated by the combination ofthe model of vertical variability and geostatistical tech-niques (this methodology was previously developedand tested in a 334,000 km2 region of Amazonia).

Modeling with diffuse daily and hourlyradiation: application of a computerized system of solar radiation data (Simras)

João Francisco EscobedoBotucatu School of Agronomical SciencesSão Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1999/01980-0Term: Jul/1999 to Dec/2001

The objective of the Project is to carry out an ope-rational test of a computer program developed in theBotucatu solar radiometry station for the treatment ofdatabase with solar radiation. As application of the pro-gram, we will carry out modeling studies with diffusesolar radiation, verifying existing models and propo-sing an estimative model for the city of Botucatu, SãoPaulo. The database to be used in the study consists ofthe global and diffuse radiations monitored by twomethods (difference and ring-shadow) in the periodfrom June 1994 up to the present time.

Effects of sugarcane harvesting without biomass burning on the dynamic of carbonand properties of the soil

Christian Leon FellerCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/12648-3Term: Jan/1999 to Jun/2001

In the next few years the practice of burning sugarplantations aimed at facilitating harvest operationswill be totally eliminated in the state de São Paulo, asestablished by State Law Decree n° 42.056. With themethod of sugarcane harvest without prior burning ofthe plantation, a large quantity of organic matter fromthe exposed part of the crop can be maintained in thesystem, deposited on the soil, and act positively againstagents that cause erosion, provide nutrients for theplants and increase the stock of organic matter in thesoil, with consequences for the physical, chemical andbiological conditions of the soil and on the sequestra-tion of carbon in the system. The objective in thisstudy is to proceed to an evaluation of the contribu-tion of the method of no-burn sugarcane harvest onthe sequestration of the organic matter of the soil andthe consequences on its principal attributes. Three fac-tors of influence in the parameters of interest will bestudied: the time taken to establish the no-burnmethod of harvest, the type of soil where the crop wasestablished and the management of the crop residue,with reference to the quality and quantity of materialdeposited on the soil. The first factor will be studied ina commercial plantation established on an eutrophicdusky-red oxisol, forming a chronosequence whichvaries from one to five years of establishment of thismethod of harvest. And the factors of type of soils andmanagement of the organic matter will be studied inagronomic trials established in red latosol, podzolicred-yellow and quartzy sand.

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Root system and its influence on the flux of gases in forest/pasture succession in Brazilian Amazonia

Brigitte Josefine FeiglCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/09642-3Term: Jan/1999 to Dec/2000

The introduction of pastures into BrazilianAmazonia, after the felling of the native forest, has pro-voked alterations in the cycling of carbon (C) and inthe flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere.It is known that the quantity of CO2 evolved from thesoil is derived principally from the organic matter inthe soil (SOM) and from the respiration of the roots.Considering that, for this region, little or nothing isknown about the distribution of roots and their inte-raction with the attributes of the soil (soil-root interfa-ces), the present study has the main objectives of ascer-taining the existing relationships between the rootsystem of pastures and of native forest and some attri-butes of the soil, such as the density and porosity, thestock of C and consequently the flux of CO2 into theatmosphere. Admitting that, for these studies, themethodology for the evaluation of the roots is identi-fied as the main limiting factor and that an adequateevaluation of the root system may require the applica-tion of different methodologies, producing discrepantresults with significant variability, in this work we willuse the methods of monolith, needle board and themethod assisted by the processing of digital images.Thus, we have additional specific objectives of ascertai-ning the existing correlations between the respectiveresults for the different methods and to analyze theeffects of spatial and temporal variability associatedwith these results. As fundamental complement, thisstudy also intends to use the technique of computerizedtomography for the evaluation of the roots and of thesoil-root interface.

Measurement of CO2 emission in soilsthrough optical absorption spectroscopy

Newton La Scala JúniorJaboticabal School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1997/12009-8Term: Jan/1998 to Dec/1999

In this work we are presenting a plan which aims todetermine the concentration of CO2 emitted by soilsusing a portable apparatus with sensitivity in detection

of 0.2 parts per million volume (ppmv). The initial cha-racterization will be carried out in soils planted withfive different agricultural crops in the region ofJaboticabal, São Paulo, over two years, aiming to deter-mine the variations in levels of CO2 emitted as a resultof factors such as organic activity, temperature, lumi-nosity and crop planted. The publication of this datawill complement the knowledge on the global balanceof carbon in the biosphere. It is important to point outalso that, in addition to the application of the techniqueof optical absorption in the emission of soil-air CO2,the same technique could be used in the characteriza-tion of other systems. An example would be the deter-mination of sweating of animals by simultaneous mea-surement of water vapor and CO2, respectively.

Use of remote sensing in the development of models for estimating canopy temperatureand the biological production of sugarcane

Hilton Silveira PintoCenter for Teaching and Research in AgricultureCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1997/03394-5Term: Aug/1997 to Dec/2000

Project to be developed with the cultivation ofsugarcane in the region of Guariba (SP), aimed at carr-ying out field work with the aim of modeling canopytemperature, hydric balance and production of biomasswith the use of satellite images from the NationalOceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) series.We will undertake complementary studies to determi-ne surface emissivity and atmospheric correction.

Classification and monitoring of vegetationthrough NOAA-AVHRR images

Yosio Edemir ShimabukuroNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1997/01344-0Term: Jun/1997 to Nov/1998

Knowledge of phenological variations in vegetalcover is today an indispensable aspect for the planningof a coherent and efficient policy of sustainable deve-lopment, as well as for the understanding and objectiveevaluation of the co-existence of different ecosystemswhether natural, semi natural, agricultural or indus-trial. The analysis of these variations at regional leveland the interconnection with the different componentsof the geographical environment (climate, soil, relief,


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geology, etc.) are part of the necessary information forthe understanding of the functioning of ecosystems ona global scale. The monitoring of these variations atregional and global level, today, is only possible due tothe development attained in the last 15 years by techni-ques such as: remote sensing, geoprocessing, satelliteglobal positioning systems, among others. The objecti-ve of this project is to undertake the classification andmonitoring of the ecosystems of the Center-Westregion do Brazil (state of Mato Grosso) using a multi-temporal series of images from the Advanced Very HighResolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor on board theNational Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administra-tion (NOAA-11) satellite in High Resolution PictureTransmission (HRPT) format. Notable among theprincipal aspects of the methodology is the generationand analysis of the fraction images (vegetation, soil andshade) derived from the linear model of spectral mix-ture applied to the AVHRR images. Among the princi-pal results that should be obtained are the classificationof the vegetation of the area study and its seasonalvariations, based on the analysis of the NormalizedDifference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and of the frac-tion images (vegetation, soil and shade) derived fromthe AVHRR images for the period of September 1992 toAugust 1994.

Remote sensing for integrated analysis of the vegetation with elements of the physical environment and distribution ofphytomass in contact areas of the forest and open countryside in Roraima

João Roberto dos SantosNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1997/00943-8Term: Nov/1997 to Oct/1998

Amazonia, suffering the impact of accelerated occu-pation in these last decades, plays an important role inthe global climate system, in addition to figuring as ascientific priority in the scenario of global changes.Remote sensing at orbital level, as an auxiliary tool ofacquisition of information, has permitted a continuousmonitoring of the region. In the context of methodolo-gical advances, the present research has the generalobjective, making use of images from optical sensorsand from radar, to establish an integrated analysis ofthe vegetation with elements of the physical environ-ment and to ascertain the spatial distribution of thephytomass, taking as its area of study the contact areasof forest and open country in Roraima.

Modifications in soil properties caused by deforestation and cultivation in differentBrazilian bioclimatic systems

Carlos Roberto EspíndolaSchool of Agricultural EngineeringCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1995/04453-0Term: Mar/1996 to Feb/1997

The Brazilian vegetal cover has suffered appreciablemodifications, for some time now, due to successivehuman interventions. Important ecosystems such as theAtlantic Rainforest, the Amazon forest and the Cerrado,have been losing a good deal of their original covers,with deforestation, making room predominantly forcattle farming activities. It is predictable that the effectsof different covers, their removal and cultivation trans-mit to the soil different effects and problems. In thissense the objective is to evaluate the impacts derivingfrom the removal of the original covers and their subse-quent agricultural use, selecting, for this purpose, diffe-rent Brazilian bioclimatic regions, such as mentionedabove and taking as the primary attributes of analysisthe evolution of organic material linked to the modifi-cations to the structure/aggregation of the soils.

Geostatistics applied to soils in Amazonia: case of forest-pasture succession in Rondônia

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1995/01451-6Term: Aug/1995 to Jan/1998

The spatial variability of nutrients, principally forcarbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, and of some physical-chemical properties of the soil will be studied in the caseof a forest-pasture succession in Rondônia. We will usedifferent experimental sampling patterns standards var-ying from one hundred square meters to dozens of squa-re kilometers for the collection of data. The data will beanalyzed by geostatic and statistical treatment in order toobtain a methodology to improve the estimates of stocksof nutrients in the soil and also ideal sampling patterns.

Study of the relationship between photosynthetically active radiation absorbedwith production of phytomass and yield of grain for the cultivation of wheat underdifferent conditions of hydric stress

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Rubens Angulo FilhoLuiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/06157-6Term: May/1995 to Dec/1996

The objective of this research is to study the rela-tionships between absorbed photosynthetic activeradiation (APAR) with the production of phytomassand yield of grains for the cultivation of wheat underdifferent conditions of hydric stress. To this end, a fieldexperiment will be set up, in which we will collectradiometric measurements, parameters relative to thesoil, to the cultivation and meteorological parameters,during the entire cycle of the wheat cultivation. It ishoped, at the end, to find a correlation between phyto-mass and APAR, production of grains and APAR andthe influence of hydric stress on APAR, phytomass andthe production of grains.

Spectral characterization of stresses related to water and nutritional deficienciesin Eucalyptus grandis seedlings

Flávio Jorge PonzoniNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1994/02780-0Term: Jan/1995 to Dec/1996

The application of remote sensing techniques in thestudy and /or evaluation of stresses in vegetation pre-supposes the knowledge of their effects on the interac-tion between electromagnetic radiation and the stressedvegetation itself. This knowledge can be acquired by thespectral characterization of these effects, through theanalysis of the spectral reflectance of leave, plants andcanopies. The objective of this study is to spectrally cha-racterize (between 400 nm and 1.100 nm) the effects ofstress related to hydric and nutritional deficiencies inseedlings and in plantations of Eucalyptus grandis andevaluate the consequences of this characterization onthe application of remote sensing techniques in thestudy and in the monitoring of these stresses.

Studies of forest areas in regenerationthrough Landsat images

Getúlio Teixeira BatistaNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1994/02706-5Term: Sep/1994 to Sep/1996

The change in the use of land involving the conver-sion of forest into pasture or other agricultural usesimplies the emission of greenhouse effect gases, princi-pally CO2 into the atmosphere. Areas in the process ofregeneration contribute to the sequestration of part ofthe CO2 by means of the process of photosynthesis.Knowledge of the carbon balance of Amazonia is fairlyprecarious and we do not know the area and rates ofincorporation of carbon for areas in regeneration. Thisproject is aimed at characterizing areas of secondaryforest, i.e. areas previously occupied by forest, whichwere cleared, subsequently abandoned and are cur-rently in the process of regeneration. This project ties inwith the long term objective of understanding the con-tribution of the regrowth of the forest on the carbonbalance in the Amazon region. The project will explorethe integrated use of several techniques, including theuse of satellite images of remote sensing (Landsat), geo-processing through geographical information systems,geographical positioning by satellite using the GlobalPositioning System (GPS) and field work to characteri-ze the parameters of the vegetation, including floristicinventory, inventory of volume aimed at estimatingbiomass through allometric equations and the spectralcharacterization of areas of regrowth. The resultsexpected from this experiment include the definition ofthe classes of regrowth characterizable through thesatellite data (e.g. areas in regeneration from zero totwo years and less than five, areas with more than fiveyears and less than 10 and areas in regeneration withmore than 10 years) with calibration of the accuracyobtained by the field verification and the evaluation ofthe methodology to be tested in other areas aiming, inthe future, at a regional estimate of the areas ofregrowth and their contribution to the carbon balancein Brazilian Legal Amazonia.

Effect of the use of land on the dynamic of carbon and nitrogen in the soil in the region of Ariquemes, Rondônia (RO):use of a geographical computerized system

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/00636-4Term: May/1992 to Apr/1994

Alterations in land use have caused changes in thedynamic of carbon and nitrogen in the soil. Recent stu-dies on organic matter in the soil in pastures in Manaus,MA, indicate that the levels of C can increase after aninitial decline (CHONÉ et al., 1987). Also the rate ofcycling of N is significantly modified by the elimination


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of the natural vegetation. Understanding of the comple-xity of these processes and their interrelation with theproperties of the soil, vegetation, relief and climate,require the use of techniques which enable the manipu-lation of a large array of information, which today ispossible with geoprocessing. The objective of this workis to study the relationships between the changes in landuse in a tropical ecosystem and its consequences in thedynamic of C and N, under conditions of native forestand pasture, in the region of Ariquemes (RO). A geogra-phical information system will be developed integratingfield data, digitalized maps of the soil, relief, drainageand information from remote sensoring.


Distribution of the community of palm trees in the altitudinal gradient of the Atlantic Rainforest in the northeast of the State of São Paulo

Simey Thury Vieira FischPro-Rectory of Research and Post-graduation / University ofTaubaté (Unitau)Process 2001/06023-5Term: Apr/2002 to Mar/2005

Although the Atlantic Rainforest is better preserved inmountainous areas, the alterations which the altitudinalgradient provokes in the vegetation has received littleattention in studies carried out on this bioma. Elevationhas been indicated as the cause of the decline in the diver-sity of palms and for the abundance of one or few speciesin intermediary altitudes. Based on these premises, thisproject has the principal aim of correlating the occurren-ce of palm trees with the altitude factor in the AtlanticRainforest of the northeast of the State of São Paulo. Thestudies will be developed in the Conservation Units of theSerra do Mar State Park (Picinguaba Nucleus, SantaVirgínia Nucleus/Natividade da Serra and BananalEcological Station), the Forest formations of which occurat altitudes which vary from 0 to 1900 m. In these locali-ties, samples will be taken at every 200 m of altitude (0 m– sea level, 200, 400, 600, 800, ~940, 1200, 1400 and~1600 m). Morphometric evaluations will be carried out,existing palm trees collected and the physical medium ofeach sample unit will be characterized. The project willhave a multidisciplinary team from the University ofTaubaté (academics and teachers) and the collaborationof researchers from the following research institutions:Forestry Institute, Botanical Institute (SP), Prof. MelloLeitão Museum (ES), Botanical Gardens Institute of Riode Janeiro (RJ).

Physiognomic-ecological units associatedwith remnants of natural vegetal cover

João Batista BaitelloForestry Institute / Ministry of State for the Environmental(SMA-SP)Process 1999/12329-8Term: Feb/2001 to Jun/2003

Georeferenced maps will be drawn containing thepotential vegetation according to the physiognomic-eco-logical units (types of vegetation) developed by theRADAMBRASIL project. This survey will be associatedwith the São Paulo Forestry Inventory (1993) developedon the scale 1:50.000, with the mapping and quantifica-tion of the remaining natural vegetation and the states offorest cultivation (reforestation), correctly updated usingrecent orbital images. The phytophysiognomies conside-red in that opportunity (forest, scrub, wooded savanna,barren land, enclosed countryside, open countryside,cultivated plains, mangrove and sandbank), will bedetailed within the concept of the physiognomical-eco-logical units of the aforementioned Project. In the case ofthe cultivated forests, it will be possible to undertake stu-dies on the implantation of these forests in spaces pre-viously occupied by natural ecosystems. The updating ofthe survey of the natural vegetation, based on the SãoPaulo Forestry Inventory (1993) and the elaboration ofthe respective georeferenced digital base, are alreadyobjectives of the Biota-FAPESP Program, specificallyFAPESP Project 98/05251-0 (Viability of Conservation ofRemaining Fragments of Cerrado in São Paulo) andFAPESP 98/05117-1 (Development of an EnvironmentalInformation System for the Biota-FAPESP Program).

GRANTS

RESEARCH ABROAD

Appraisal of knowledge relative to the changes in land use in Amazonia and theconsequences on the global carbon cycle

Grant holder: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Institution abroad: Ohio State University, EUAProcess 1998/05557-1

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POST-DOCTORATE

Development of methodology for the analysis of carbon in soil samples usingnear-infrared spectroscopy

Grant holder: Sandra Maria Oliveira SáSupervisor: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/13742-3

Impact of global changes on the productivityof soybean: comparison between the experimental and simulated results

Grant holder: Alexandre Bryan HeinemannSupervisor: Durval Dourado NetoInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/00693-9

Quantity and quality of organic matter in the soil in forest-pasture succession in Rondônia

Grant holder: Maria da Conceição Santana CarvalhoSupervisor: Adolpho José MelfiInstitution: Pro-Rectory of Research / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/12165-5

Distribution and biogeochemistry of inorganic compounds associated with theconversion of forest into pasture inRondônia, using multi-elemental analyses

Grant holder: Uwe Heinz Willi HerpinSupervisor: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/03098-2

Evaluation of different recuperation strategies of area degraded by mining in the Amazon forest, Rondônia, using thesystem of geographical information (SIG)and analyses of the soil/substrate and water

Grant holder: Regina Márcia LongoInstitution: Jaboticabal School of Agrarian and Veterinary

Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1998/13265-0

Spatial variability of the soil properties inthe Brazilian Amazon basin under nativevegetation and after changes in land use

Grant holder: Martial Michel Yoric BernouxInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/10499-0

Root system and its influence on the flux of gases in the forest-pasture succession in the Brazilian Amazon

Grant holder: Lorival Fante JúniorInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/13198-9

DOCTORATE

Crop-cattle farming integration in the south-west of Amazonia and Goiás: impacts on organic matter in the soil and on the flux of greenhouse effect gases

Grant holder: João Luís Nunes CarvalhoSupervisor: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/07110-2

Carbon sequestration in reforestation associated with species of AtlanticRainforest in Botucatu, São Paulo

Grant holder: Lauro Rodrigues Nogueira JúniorSupervisor: José Leonardo de Moraes GonçalvesInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/06315-0

CDM forestry projects: potential for carbonsequestration in the soil-litter system in areaof reforestation with eucalyptus

Grant holder: Cindy Silva Moreira IglesiasSupervisor: Carlos Clemente Cerri


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Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/06073-6

Relationship between climatic variables and types of symptoms caused byGuignardia citricarpa in citric fruits

Grant holder: Márcia de Holanda NozakiSupervisor: Antônio de GoesInstitution: Jaboticabal School of Agrarian and VeterinarySciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2003/06302-7

Studies of the mechanisms of hydrologicalflux and influence of the change of land usein eastern Amazonia, Paragominas, Pará

Grant holder: Azeneth Eufrausino SchulerSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/07648-7

Influence of the management of straw in the decomposition process of crop debrisresulting from the no-burn sugarcane harvesting system

Grant holder: Dinailson Correa de CamposSupervisor: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/15927-0

Effects of the no-burn harvesting of sugarcane on the dynamic of carbon and soil properties

Grant holder: Edgar Fernando de LucaSupervisor: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/13281-6

Software for simulation of daily climaticseries based on the dynamic parameterizationof the distributions of probability with theretro-feeding of data

Grant holder: Jorim Sousa das Virgens FilhoSupervisor: Angelo CataneoInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1997/14320-2

Geostatistics applied to soils in Amazonia: case of a forest-pasture succession in Rondônia

Grant holder: Martial Michel Yoric BernouxSupervisor: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/06046-0

Effect of land use on the carbon and nitrogen dynamic in the soil of the region of Ariquemes, Rondônia: use of a geographic information system

Grant holder: Jener Fernando Leite de MoraesSupervisor: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/00635-8

MASTERS

Response of photosynthesis to variation of temperature in the root system of Valencia-orange

Grant holder: José Rodrigues Magalhães FilhoSupervisor: Eduardo Caruso MachadoInstitution: Campinas Institute of Agronomy / São Paulo StateMinistry of Agriculture and SuppliesProcess 2007/53520-0

Fixation of carbon in soils in a native forest and in eucalyptus plantations

Grant holder: Ana Maria Martins RufinoSupervisor: Irae Amaral GuerriniInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2006/59254-8

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Physiological and sanitary qualities of castor-oil seeds (Ricinus communis L.)in relation to climatic conditions and type of harvest

Grant holder: Sheila FananSupervisor: Marcelo Bento Paes de CamargoInstitution: Campinas Institute of Agronomy / São Paulo StateMinistry of Agriculture and SuppliesProcess 2006/54614-6

Relationship of soil-water-vegetation in a toposequence located in the Assis Ecological Station, São Paulo

Grant holder: Carlos Eduardo Pinto JuhaszSupervisor: Miguel CooperInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/04799-4

Variation and quantification of soils determined by orbital and terrestrial sensors

Grant holder: José Geraldo de Abreu Sousa JúniorSupervisor: José Alexandre Melo DematteInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/04728-0

Luminous relationships, architecture andassimilation of carbon by canopies of xaraesgrass [Brachiaria brizantha (hochst ex a.Richi.) Stapt] in response to grazing strategies, under intermittent occupation

Grant holder: Bruno Carneiro and PedreiraSupervisor: Carlos Guilherme Silveira PedreiraInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/04717-8

Decomposition of crop residues and emission of greenhouse effect gases in soil management systems in Ponta Grossa, Paraná

Grant holder: Mariana Addison PaveiSupervisor: Marisa de Cássia PiccoloInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/04582-2

SCIENTIFIC INITIATION

Base-temperature, thermal units of growthand effects of meteorological variables on the productivity of peanut cultivation(Arachis hypogaeae L.)

Grant holder: Nilceu Piffer CardozoSupervisor: Clóvis Alberto VolpeInstitution: Jaboticabal School of Agrarian and VeterinarySciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2006/60284-9

CO2 emission in a latosol deprived of vegetation and its relationship with characteristics linked to CO2 production and transport in soils

Grant holder: Daniel de Bortoli TeixeiraSupervisor: Newton La Scala JúniorInstitution: Jaboticabal School of Agrarian and VeterinarySciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2006/57777-3

Variational analysis of hourly long wave radiation

Grant holder: Thomas José Justo MioriniSupervisor: João Francisco EscobedoInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2006/57525-4

UV, Par and IV solar fractions on the earth surface: temporal series of the average monthly hours and Liu and Jordanestimated equations

Grant holder: Felipe Luís PetriniSupervisor: João Francisco EscobedoInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2006/52839-0

Correlations of ultraviolet, photosyntheticallyactive and infrared radiations with globalradiation on the earth’s surface

Grant holder: Erick Roberto PeterlevitzSupervisor: João Francisco EscobedoInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences /


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São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2005/51477-5

Long wave atmospheric radiation: daily and annual temporal series

Grant holder: Carlos Roberto Furlan JúniorSupervisor: João Francisco EscobedoInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2004/10765-5

Determination of CO2 emission from the soil after scarification of agricultural areas

Grant holder: Luís Gustavo TeixeiraSupervisor: Newton La Scala JúniorInstitution: Jaboticabal School of Agrarian and VeterinarySciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2004/06698-0

Determination of attenuation of direct radiation

Grant holder: Luciana Mara Gonçalves TellesSupervisor: João Francisco EscobedoInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2003/10851-6

Estimating models of direct radiation in the incidence and horizontal from global radiation

Grant holder: Priscila de OliveiraSupervisor: João Francisco EscobedoInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2003/10467-1

Anisotropic correction factor for diffuse solarradiation measured by shadow ring

Grant holder: André Tadeu GasparotoSupervisor: João Francisco EscobedoInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2003/09151-0

Evaluation of microbial biomass of the soiland of the root system in pasture underagricultural management in Rondônia

Grant holder: Vitor Drummond Sampaio Corrêa MarianiSupervisor: Marisa de Cássia PiccoloInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/07033-0

Characteristics and modeling of forest combustible materials

Grant holder: Ana Cristina Silva Amoroso AnastácioSupervisor: Paulo Torres FennerInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2000/08933-6

Evaporation of surface of free water: comparison of automatic and conventional measurement systems, types of evaporimeter and relationships of measurements with climatic elements

Grant holder: Fábio SchwingelSupervisor: Luiz Roberto AngelocciInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/05541-0

Appraisal of a data information system forsolar radiation: modeling of direct and diffuse global radiations on sloping surfaces

Grant holder: André Stefanini JimSupervisor: João Francisco EscobedoInstitution: Botucatu School of Agronomical Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1999/01011-7

Alteration in the cycle of nitrogen, carbonand phosphorus resulting from changes inland use in the Brazilian Amazon basin

Grant holder: Andrea VarsoneSupervisor: Marisa de Cássia PiccoloInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/07445-6

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Use of thermal amplitude for adjustment of Thornthwaite equation for estimatingpotential or reference evapotranspiration, in arid climate conditions

Grant holder: Fábio Ricardo MarinSupervisor: Ângelo Paes de CamargoInstitution: Campinas Institute of Agronomy / São Paulo StateMinistry of Agriculture and SuppliesProcess 1996/09724-4


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Architecture and Urbanism


Urban climate computational modeling formedium-size Brazilian cities

João Roberto Gomes de FariaBauru School of Architecture, Arts and Communication / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2007/08097-2Term: Mar/2008 to Feb/2010

This research gives the continuity to the previousworks developed by this professor in the periods from1995 to 1997, from 2001 to 2003 and in 2005. In the firstone the winds field in the urban-canopy layer was stu-died; in the second one the possibility of relating airtemperatures data in the urban-canopy layer with attri-butes of homogeneous areas classified by GIS from asatellite set of images was analyzed; in the last one amodel of one-dimensional energy balance for local scalewas elaborated, with a surface base assembled by GIS. Inthis aspect, the urban climate is studied in an evolutio-nal way, where each new work tries better explain therelations between it and the urban morphology. Theaim of the present research is to incorporate to the pre-vious studies the results of recent works, raised frombibliography. More specifically, the aim is to improvethe performance of the previously generated model byincorporating surface data from satellite images treatedwith techniques of multi-spectral analysis and parame-ters obtained from relations between city morphologicstandards and the respective locally modified climates.The expectative is to generate a model with a friendlyinterface, a set of input data easily obtained, and theestablishment of a routine for use of the model togetherwith satellite images and a SIG, with the final objectiveof to facilitate its use for not academic people.

Characterization of the intra-urban thermalfield based on homogeneous areas

João Roberto Gomes de FariaBauru School of Architecture, Arts and Communication / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2001/08125-0Term: Nov/2001 to Oct/2003

In this research we will investigate the possibility ofusing areas that are homogeneous in terms of theirparameters of urbanization to simplify the characteriza-tion of intra-urban thermal fields. The urban area of thecity of Bauru, São Paulo, the object of the research, willinitially be characterized according to urbanistic indi-ces. Subsequently, it will be divided into homogeneous

regions according to those indices, and within these,surveys of temperature and air humidity will be carriedout, taking as reference data for these variables measu-red in a weather station, located outside the urban area.The results of the measurements taken in areas withurban characteristics will be compared, to verify thevalidity of the proposed method. The positive evalua-tion of the method will mean a substantial saving in thethermal characterization of the urban environment,which could be inferred based on its structure of useand occupation of the ground.


Environmental atlas of the municipality ofSão Paulo: phase 1 – diagnosis and basesfor the definition of public policies on greenareas in the municipality of São Paulo

Harmi TakiyaMunicipal Ministry for Green Affairs and the EnvironmentProcesso 1999/10955-9Term: Sep/2000 to Jul/2002

Entitled Diagnoses and bases for the definition of pub-lic policies on green areas in the municipality of São Paulo,the present project constitutes the first phase of theEnvironmental Atlas of the Municipality of São Paulo, acartographic product of the Environmental Informa-tion System, to be implanted in the São Paulo TownHall, in the medium term. It is intended, through thetime-honored techniques of cartography, remote sens-ing and geographical information system, to obtain adiagnosis for the entire municipality, on a regional scale,of the existing vegetal covering associated with socioe-conomic aspects, of the use and occupation of the land,and the characteristics of the physical environment,with detailing of areas of greatest interest, with the aimof supporting public policies for the expansion and con-servation of green areas. By way of product it is hopedto obtain a set of thematic maps and explanatory text,associated with the database in digital form.

GRANTS

RESEARCH ABROAD

Cartographic analysis of the urban climate:considerations of method

Grant-holder: Magda Adelaide LombardoInstitution: Rio Claro Institute of Geosciences and Exact

51ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM

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Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Institution abroad: Universitat Gesamthochschule Kassel,GermanyProcess 1997/00599-5

POST-DOCTORATE

Socio-environmental vulnerability in the São Paulo metropolis: an analysis of the situations of spatial superposition of problems and social and environmental risks through indicators

Grant-holder: Humberto Prates da Fonseca AlvesSupervisor: Antônio Miguel Vieira MonteiroInstitution: Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning(Cebrap)Process 2004/02457-9

DOCTORATE

The use of passive systems in coverings as atool to aid energy efficiency in buildings

Grant-holder: Carla Fernanda Barbosa TeixeiraSupervisor: Lucila Chebel LabakiInstitution: School of Civil Engineering , Architecture andUrbanism / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2007/08221-5

Spatial urban interactions and environmental needs: bases for the incorporation of thermal, luminous and energy phenomena in urban planning

Grant-holder: Rafael Silva BrandãoSupervisor: Márcia Peinado AlucciInstitution: School of Architecture and Urbanism / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/02568-8

DIRECT DOCTORATE

Predictive modeling of thermal comfort:quantification of relationships betweenmicroclimatic variables and of thermal sensation for evaluation and design of urban spaces in the city of São Paulo

Grant-holder: Leonardo Marques MonteiroSupervisor: Márcia Peinado Alucci

Institution: School of Architecture and Urbanism / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/53148-1

MASTERS

Climate and urban environmental quality in the municipality of Ribeirão Preto: an aid to the elaboration of public policies in medium sized cities

Grant-holder: Danúbia CaporussoSupervisor: Magda Adelaide LombardoInstitution: Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2007/06396-2

Analysis of the characteristics of the urbanthermal field in small and medium sizedcities: a methodological proposal

Grant-holder: Joyce Lima de SousaSupervisor: Magda Adelaide LombardoInstitution: Rio Claro Institute of Geosciences and ExactSciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2005/04250-5

Application of method of bioclimatic analysis as a tool for intervention in historiccenters: case studies in the Ribeira neighborhood in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte

Grant-holder: Bianca Carla Dantas de AraújoSupervisor: Rosana Maria Caram de AssisInstitution: São Carlos School of Engineering / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/11470-3


Estimate of carbon storage in ipê trees(Tabebuia impetiginosa) in the Parque doPovo in Presidente Prudente, São Paulo

Grant-holder: Tatiane Carvalho da SilvaSupervisor: José Tadeu Garcia TommaselliInstitution: Presidente Prudente School of Science and Technology / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2006/03927-4

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Use of techniques of geo-processing and remote sensing in the study of urban heat islands in the metropolitanregion of São Paulo

Grant-holder: Juliano César Rodrigues ValeSupervisor: Magda Adelaide LombardoInstitution: Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences of Rio Claro / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2002/00637-4

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Biologies

THEMATIC PROJECTS

The role of Amazonian fluvial systems inregional and global carbon cycles: CO2

evasion and land-water interactions

Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/13172-2Term: Oct/2004 to Jan/2009

The humid tropics play an important but ambi-guous role in the global carbon cycle. While deforesta-tion has been estimated to release about 1.6 Gt C y-?(HOUGHTON, 2000), mature Amazon rainforestsappear to sequester carbon (act as a sink), but of anuncertain magnitude. Current estimates of sequestra-tion have wide variation between different types ofmeasurements, 1,3 MgC/hectares/year based on theaccumulation of biomass and soils (PHILLIPS et al.,1998; CHAMBERS et al., 2001; TRUMBORE, 2000) to1.0 to > 5.9 MgC/hectares/year based on eddy covarian-ce measurements (FAN et al. 1990; GRACE et al. 1995;MALHI et al. 1998). However, recent calculations fromglobal atmospheric inverse modeling imply that the netcarbon exchange of the tropics with the atmosphere isabout zero (SCHIMEL et al. 2001). Discrepancies bet-ween these estimates of carbon sequestration rates maybe due in part to methodológical issues and integrationtimes of methods. However, it is also possible that atleast part of the carbon fixed in the upland could be“exported” in fluxes not yet quantified. In fact, prelimi-nary results (RICHEY et al., 2002) show that evasive flu-xes of CO2 from aquatic systems of the Amazon canaccount for as much as the lower estimate of carbonsequestration by “terra firme” forests in the central partof the basin. In this project we hypothesize that “CO2

evasion returns as much carbon to the atmosphere as issequestered in upland forests on an interannual basisand the export of organic material from upland foreststo fluvial environments is the primary source of carbonthat is eventually respired in rivers and evaded as CO2”.To test it, we intend to: 1) conduct fieldwork in charac-teristic sub basins to obtain an extensive suite of pCO2

distribution measurements over the hydrologic regime;2) use proven geochemical techniques (gas flux measu-rements, isotópic tracers, demineralization rates) toquantify the rates of the lateral transfer and cycling ofwater and bioactive organic matter from the land,through riparian environments and to the river systemand; 3) use a terrestrial source/river transport and reac-tion model to synthesize and extrapolate the site-speci-fic CO2 evasion rate measurements to a basin-wide esti-mate of CO2 evasion rate. This project consolidates and

extends the scientific and educational activities of thisgroup in fluvial systems of the Amazon, started 20 yearsago with a successful cooperation between Center forNuclear Energy in Agriculture, Instituto Nacional dePesquisas da Amazonia and University of Washington,Seattle, USA, and which was followed by the thematicproject Changes in organic matter dynamics in micro andmeso-scale rivers of Rondônia, as a function of changes inland cover. Its feasibility is also assured by various coo-peration within LBA (NASA), with the University ofWashington and the Marine Biológical Laboratory(Woods Hole, MA, USA) and within the MillenniumInstitute (CNPq), with several research institutions inthe Amazon.

Alterations in the dynamic of organic matter in micro and meso scale rivers in the state of Rondônia, resulting from changes in land use

Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaCenter for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (Cena)University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/01159-4Term: Mar/2000 to Apr/2004

Little is known about the biogeochemistry of smalland medium sized rivers in the Amazon basin. Still lessis known about the possible alterations due to replace-ment of forests with pastures, which is the most com-mon change observed in the ground cover. This beingso, the main objective of this proposal is to discoverhow the conversion of forests into pastures alters thedistribution of carbon and nutrients (nitrogen andphosphorus), the primary production and its limitingfactors and the biodiversity in small and medium sizedtropical rivers. Based on this objective, the main ques-tions to be answered in this project will be: question 1)How the composition and quantity of organic matterand nutrients that enter and are processed in a river arealtered when the forest is replaced with pasture?Question 2) How the primary production and its limi-ting factors are altered when forest is replaced with pas-ture and what is the role of this alteration in the dyna-mic of the organic matter? Question 3) How the faunaof benthonic macroinvertebrates in small rivers is alte-red when the forest is replaced with pasture? Question4) What are the identifiable and persistent changes inthe stocks and fluxes of organic matter, nutrients andassociated elements, as they continue to evolve in thedirection of successively larger basins, in relation to thechanges in use and cover of the soil? To respond tothese questions we propose the comparison of basinswhere the original forests predominate with basins or

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areas that have been cleared and today are predomi-nantly covered with pastures. We propose this type ofcomparison in two scales: working in small basins (10km2) situated in the Nova Vida Farm and along thebasin of the river Ji-Paraná (104 km2), which is conside-red a basin of mesoscale by the standards of theAmazon region. The emphasis of this project will begiven to the spatial and temporal distribution of car-bon, nitrogen and phosphorus. As for the limnologicalprocesses, we will examine changes in the primary pro-duction due to replacement of forests with pastures andalso the limiting factors of this process, both abiotic(light) and nutritional (nitrogen and phosphorus). Asfor the biodiversity, we will analyze the alterations inthe populations of macroinvertebrates along the gra-dients of use of the soil. Finally, the biogeochemicalpatterns or signs will be tracked along these scales(micro and meso-scales), to evaluate their spatio-tem-poral alterations. Bearing in mind that the water cycleconstitutes one of the most important vectors of thebiogeochemistry of drainage basins, in parallel to theprocesses above, we will generate detailed informationon the hydrology of the areas of study. With the deve-lopment of this project it is hoped to obtain: a) a geo-referenced database on the structural attributes of thehydrographic basins studied; b) knowledge about thebiogeochemistry of small and medium sized tropicalrivers and alterations due to the replacement of forestswith pastures; c) knowledge about the fauna ofmacroinvertebrates and changes due to alterations inthe use of the land; d) knowledge about the propaga-tion of the signal emitted by deforestation throughoutthe hydrographic network (scaling-up); e) additionalinformation on the hydrology of the areas of study.

Dynamic of carbon and related elements in the basin of the river Piracicaba

Luiz Antônio MartinelliCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/00529-9Term: Dec/1994 to Jun/1998

The Piracicaba river basin is a subtropical watershedlocated in the southeastern region of Brazil. With an areaof 12400 km2, its main rivers are: Piracicaba, Atibaia andJaguari. The climate is subtropical (type C in theKoeppen classification). The annual average temperatu-re is 20ºC. The annual average rainfall is 1400 mm, or agrand total of 1.76 x 1010 m3 of water for the basin. Thefinal annual average discharge is equal to 165 m3.s-1 or0.52 x1010 m3.year-1. The basin is a typical example ofthe new landscape resulting from development in tropi-

cal and sub-tropical regions. Establishment of intensiveindustrial and agricultural process were followed by asignificant population growth. The population in thebasin is estimated in approximately 3 million people,with a growth rate of almost 6% per year. This fact isimposing increases in both the water consumption andthe urban sewage load. Almost 80% of thepopulation isserved by sewage systems, but only 5% of the generatedload is treated before dumping in the rivers. As a conse-quence, the estimated load due to urban sewage increa-sed from 50 tons of BOD/day in 1960 to 200 tons ofBOD/day in 1990. The Piracicaba River basin, is one ofthe most intensively cropped area in Brazil. Sugar cane isthe main crop; its cropped area increased dramatically,from 62,000 ha in 1975 to almost 270,000 ha in 1988.There are small watersheds in the basin almost 100%covered with sugar cane. During the last decade therivers in the basin were subjected to acute pollution pro-blems due to urban sewage and sugar cane industry resi-dues. The later may be of two main types: nonpointsources linked to the transport of sugar cane materialwith the runoff, and a point-source due to the directdumping of the industry waste water and residues in theriver. For 1977, the impact of the point source alone wasestimated to be equivalent to the organic pollution gene-rated by a city of 3 millions habitants. This acceleratedpopulational and industrialgrowth had led to a signifi-cant increase in the water demand. If nothing is be chan-ged, by the year 2000 there will not be enough water sup-ply to cities and industries. Therefore, the futurescenariofor the basin is critical. Progressively less water availabi-lity, coupled with progressively poor water quality isforeseen. In this scenario, we propose a two years projectto study the basic working mechanism of the basin as anatural entity. We will assume the rivers as natural inte-grator of the process which occur in their drainage sys-tem. The rivers will be divided in a series of linked sec-tors, and mass balances of water and materials for eachone of this sectors will be det.


Physiological and biochemical responses of three species of tropical legumes to climatic change

Marcos Silveira BuckeridgeInstitute of BiosciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/59708-1Term: May/2008 to Apr/2010

Alterations in temperature and in the pluvial regi-me related to the emission of gases that cause the gree-

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nhouse effect represent a new threat to global biodiver-sity. Legumes are one of the most important families inthe domain of the Atlantic and tropical forests, both forthe number of species and individually in the structureof Atlantic forest. Studying five species of legumes, ourgroup observed that the pattern of physiological per-formance of each species is related to the position occu-pied by the plant in the process of ecological succes-sion. This data indicates that the successional processcould be influenced by the management of the waterabsorbed by each species. Since the end of the decade ofthe 1980s, studies have shown that plants respond tothe increase in concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphe-re with a reduction in the number of stomata. Analysesof increase or decease in the number of stomata in aleaf are carried out by calculating the stomata index ordensity, and the results are taken by the literature as anindication that the plants have been responding tothese alterations. This knowledge is widely dissemina-ted throughout the scientific community, but to-datevery little is known about the responses of the speciesof tropical ecosystems to growing increases in this gas.In the present proposal we will use an intraphyleticapproach, which seeks to conduct studies in greaterdepth into the physiological (photosynthetic and mor-phological) and anatomical responses of the species oflegumes of different successional groups: Sesbaniavirgata (pioneer), Schyzolobium parayba (initial secon-dary) and Hymenaea courbaril (late secondary) to cli-matic changes, through the study of the combinedeffects of raised CO2 and temperature. For this purpo-se, the plants will be cultivated in conditions and con-centrations of CO2 and temperature expected in thesecond half of the XXI century. Measurements will betaken of the allocation and accumulation of biomass, ofphotosynthetic behavior, measurements of C/N rela-tionship, analyses of structural and non-structural sugarsand analyses of stomata index. With the results obtainedit is intended to examine in greater depth and improvethe precision of models of behavior of different speciesof legumes, so as to predict with greater precision theresponses to climate changes occurring on the planet.

Diversification of Bignonieae in the wetland savannas of Central Amazonia

Lúcia Garcez LohmannInstitute of BiosciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/54903-0Term: Mar/2008 to Feb/2010

The processes responsible for the origin of thediversity of plants in Amazonia remain for the mostpart unknown. Furthermore, few studies seek tounderstand the establishment of reproductive isolationbetween taxa, principally with focus on the patterns ofintraspecific variation and/or variation between closelyrelated species. In Amazonia, we find an environmentwith great potential for the study of mechanisms res-ponsible for speciation in plants: prairies / savannas,which display and insular spatial distribution and anendemic flora. In this project we propose to describethe patterns of morphological, ecological and geneticvariation in data endemic to the prairies and savannasbelonging to the Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae) tribe, aim-ing to understand the processes involved in the diversi-fication of this group of plants in this system of islands.The present project includes questions related to theinfluence of the spatial distribution as well as the typeof habitat in the isolation and differentiation of popu-lations and species in this clade. In addition to this,broader questions related to the biogeography ofAmazonia as a whole will also be tackled.

Cycle of carbon, nitrogen and soil nutrientsin dense ombrophilous forest in the Serra doMar State Park, in the State of São Paulo

Marisa de Cássia PiccoloCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/52482-8Term: Aug/2007 to Jul/2009

The Atlantic Rainforest originally occupied an areaof 1.3 million square kilometers, though barely around7.6 per cent of its original expanse has not been modi-fied. It is still possible to find patches of the forest in theSerra do Mar and in the Serra da Mantiqueira, in theSouth-east of Brazil. Due to the scarcity of informationon the structure and functioning of the dense ombro-philous Atlantic Forest along a longitudinal gradient,this research project has as its objective the tracing ofthe dynamic of C, N and other nutrients in the soil inareas of sandbank woodlands (5 to 20m in altitude),dense ombrophilous lowland forest (50 to 100m),dense ombrophilous submontane forest (300 to 600min altitude) and dense ombrophilous mountain forest(around 1,000m in altitude). The study will be carriedout in the nucleus of Santa Virgínia and Picinguaba(23° 17’ to 23° 24’ S and 45° 03’ and 45° 11’ W) withcharacterization of the soil by means of pedalogicalclassification, chemical and physical analyses and isoto-pic variation of C (13C/12C) and of N (15N/14N).

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Potential prodution of greenhouse gases in sediments of marginal lagoons

Irineu Bianchini JúniorCenter for Biological Sciences and Health Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)Process 2007/08602-9Term: May/2008 to Apr/2010

This research project aims to describe and to discussthe carbon cycling in sediments of marginal lagoons.The temporal celulolitic activity and the productions ofmethane and of carbon dioxide will be investigated indifferent deeps of the sediments. Monthly, samples ofsediments will be in the Ecological Station of Jataí (LuizAntonio, São Paulo); belonging to the Mogí-Guaçu riverfloodplain. At the first year, the samples will be taken inÓleo Lake. From the second year, the researches will beextended to the other marginal lagoons, aiming to esti-mate its annual gases productions. The deep of collec-ted layers will be made considering the data obtainedfrom the first year experiments. The investigated pro-cesses should contribute to the understanding of themetabolism of river-floodplain systems, besides supplyrelevant information in scope of greenhouse gasesgeneration from those environments.

Fluxes of gases (CO2, N2O and CH4) andalterations in the transformations of thenitrogen in the soil, in basins with forestand pasture cover on the northern coast ofthe State of São Paulo

Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud OmettoCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/57063-0Term: Feb/2007 to Jan/2009

The Atlantic Rainforest, one of the most threatenedecosystems on the planet, today is considered as one ofthe priority biomas for the implementation of conser-vation policies. Its forest area, currently reduced to lessthan 8 per cent of its original cover, requires specialattention in terms of understanding how it functions soas to better support its conservation. Despite the gro-wing interest in environmental studies in this region,the emission of greenhouse effect gases and attributescorrelated to these emissions have hardly been studied,including changes in the vegetal cover from forest topasture, which are very common in this region. Thepresent proposal has the principal objective of carryingout an integrated and comparative study of the dyna-mic of carbon and nitrogen, in addition to fluxes of

N2O, CO2 and CH4 (greenhouse effect gases – GEG), intwo areas of the Serra do Mar with differing cover andland use. The study will be carried out in two basins,one with forest vegetal cover located in the Serra doMar State Park, Santa Virginia nucleus, and one withpasture in the neighboring region.

Microbial diversity in the Central andOriental Amazonian Anthropogenic DarkEarth: Detection of metanogenic Archaea,their functional role and contribution to the bacterial structure communities in ADE and adjacent sites

Siu Mui TsaiCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/06700-0Term: Aug/2007 to Jul/2009

Biodiversity and biological activity are related tofunctions and essential characteristics for the mainte-nance of the productive capacity of soils. The microor-ganisms are responsible for several essential activitiesfor the functioning of the ecosystems, such as the frag-mentation and decomposition of organic matter, themaking available of soil nutrients, the aggregation ofparticles of soil, among others (Moreira & Siqueira,2002). Biological structures and their functions areaffected by the alterations and disturbances in the pro-perties of the soil. Furthermore, the presence of stableorganic material and large biological activity indicatethat soils with high content of organic material can beplaces of high microbial diversity, constituting sourcesof microbial germplasm. There is a lack of detailed andorganized information on this biodiversity, such as stu-dies on the effect and management of these soils intheir biodiversity and which characterizes the specificfunction of biodiversity in the development of theirsustainable fertility.

Vulnerability of organic matter in the soil to temperature increase

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/59585-1Term: Apr/2006 to Sep/2008

During the process of decomposition of organicmatter in the soil (OMS) greenhouse effect gases areformed which are released into the atmosphere, contri-

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buting to global warming. It is believed that this globalwarming may affect retroactively the rate of decompo-sition of the OMS potentiating the release of carbon(C) from the soil and the mineralization of nitrogen(N). The OMS is compartmentalized in fractions withdifferent sensitivities to temperature. Earlier researchhas suggested that the oldest fraction of AC is morerecalcitrant and less sensitive to temperature. In addi-tion to this, some mechanisms of physical, chemicaland biochemical protection may act to reduce the sen-sitivity of the OMS to the increase in temperature.Possible modifications in the structure of the microbio-logical community, caused by the increase in tempera-ture, may interfere in the process of decomposition ofthe OMS by means of alterations in its protectionmechanisms. And the conversion of the original (for-est) vegetation into pasture promotes modification inthe ground, enabling an indication of what is the originand quantity of C released in the form of CO2. With theobjective of evaluating the dynamic of the decomposi-tion of the OMS we will carry out incubations (for 660days) of clay and sandy soils, under forest and pasture,at three temperatures: 25°, 35° and 45°C. We will eva-luate the relationship between the texture x OMS, theorigin of the C released, the sensitivity of the labile-C xrecalcitrant-C and how the possible alterations to theprotection mechanisms of the OMS may contribute tothe release of CO2 into the atmosphere and in the rateof mineralization of N.

Methodological procedure for the identification of individual tree species in four forest formations in the State of São Paulo, using orbital images from the Quickbird and Aster sensors

Marcos César FerreiraInstitute of GeosciencesCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2005/56757-6Term: May/2006 to Apr/2008

The emergence of sensors with extremely high spa-tial resolution has made it possible for the level of detailon satellite images to reach the point at which studies offorest ecology can be undertaken based on informationof forest individuals. The combination of images ofhigh spectral, radiometric and temporal resolutionincrease the efficiency of these studies, given that itmakes available far more information about the objectunder analysis. Such a research theme is a promisingfield, since the possibility of remotely studying indivi-duals in a forest can contribute to greater agility andlower cost of forest management, minimizing field

work to a large extent. This study proposes to investiga-te the potential of images from the Quickbird satellite,combined with the images from the Aster satellite, inthe identification of tree individuals in four forest for-mations in the State of São Paulo. To achieve this, thestudy is linked to the thematic project Biota – diversity,dynamic and conservation in forest in the State of SãoPaulo: 40 ha of permanent plots, which already have fieldinformation on all the tree species in the plots studied,with all the individuals already marked and georeferen-ced. Immediately a database will be set up with spectralsignatures of the canopy tree species studied in the fourformations, which could assist in the identification ofthese species in other similar geographical locations,through satellite images. In addition to this, it is hoped,at the end of the research, to develop a methodology ofremote sensing for floristic studies in the forest forma-tions of the State of São Paulo.

Impact of raised concentrations of CO2

on the physiology and the initial growth of four Brazilian forest species, in a future climatic simulation

Carlos Alberto Martinez Y HuamanRibeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/54804-7Term: Oct/2005 to Mar/2008

Global climate changes, caused by the increase inthe atmospheric concentration of gases, in particularCO2, is a current topic and of great relevance to thewhole world. Despite the recent coming into effect ofthe Kyoto Protocol, which establishes goals for thereduction of greenhouse effect gases, the previsionsindicate that the increase in the concentration of CO2

will continue for a long time, given that alternatives forthe immediate replacement of fossils fuels, are not cur-rently viable. On the other hand, the coming into effectof this protocol opens new opportunities for inves-tment in tropical countries, by means of CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM), which focus on thesequestration of carbon by forests. Given that plantsabsorb CO2 through photosynthesis, this process cons-titutes an important, environmentally clean mecha-nism, to reduce the additional greenhouse effect.Therefore, there is great potential for forests to exercisea significant impact on the global balance of carbon, byacting as sinks for CO2. However, the predictions aredifficult because the effects of raised levels of CO2 ontropical tree species are still not well understood andmodeled. This proposal has as its object the determina-tion of the effects of three concentrations of CO2 (370,

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540 and 720 µmol mol-1) on the gas exchanges, chlo-rophyll fluorescence and the initial growth of fouryoung tree species in a mesophilic semideciduous sea-sonal forest in Brazil, namely two pioneer species –Cecropia pachystachya (embaúba) and Croton urucura-na (sangra d’água) and two non-pioneer speciesEsenbeckia leiocarpa (guarantã) and Cariniana legalis(jequitibá-rosa)–, grown in open-top chambers andcultivated in forest soil with and without nutritionalcorrection. The information generated by this researchwill contribute to the characterization of the potentialcapacity of these Brazilian forest species as carbonsequesters for the purposes of reforestation.

Stock of carbon and mineral nutrients in cerrado soils: effects of forest cultivation use

Welington Braz Carvalho DelittiInstitute of BiosciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/54052-5Term: Oct/2005 to Nov/2007

It is intended to evaluate the potential for storingcarbon (C) in cerrado soils under cover of Pinus (Pi)and Eucalyptus (Eu) when compared with native vege-tation (Ce), as well as the effects of plantations on thenutritional state of the soil. The areas of study are loca-ted in the São Paulo municipalities of ltirapina, Mogi-Guaçu, Luiz Antônio and Pederneiras, SP. A treatmentreplica will be defined (Ce, Pi and Eu) in each munici-pality and 30 collection points of undergrowth and soil(0-5, 10-25 and 35-50 cm) per treatment. The levels ofcarbon and nutrients of the samples will be determinedin laboratories of the Center for Nuclear Energy inAgriculture (Cena) and the Department of Soils andNutrition of Plants at USP’s Luiz de Queiroz AdvancedSchool of Agriculture (Esalq). Significant differenceswill be tested through ANOVA procedures. The treat-ments, if different, will be discriminated through Posthoc tests (LSD). The reservoirs of C and nutrients inthe soil and in the undergrowth will be determined onthe basis of values obtained and data on thickness anddensity of the horizons. The reservoir of C in the firstmeter of soil will be calculated integrating this data inequations of vertical pedotransference. The resultscould be used comparatively on a global scale.

Dynamic of carbon in the sugarcane agrosystem: mathematical modeling andenvironmental implications

Carlos Clemente CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/50970-0Term: Jul/2005 to Oct/2007

Sugarcane is an important crop in Brazilian agricul-ture, both for the generation of income and employ-ment and for the generation of foreign currencythrough increasing exports of sugar and alcohol. Theburning of the sugarcane straw, to facilitate the harvestand the transport of the stalks, has been practiced forcenturies in Brazil. Nowadays, for economic and legalreasons, the no-burn harvesting of sugarcane, leavingthe straw on the ground, has increased. Little is known,however, about the long-term effects of the presence orabsence of straw on the carbon dynamic in the sugarca-ne agrosystem. Mathematical modeling could be aneffective tool for understanding these processes and toestimate the potential of carbon sequestration in the soilunder sugarcane cultivation. The sequestration of car-bon has agronomic, environmental and economicimportance, in the context of climate changes and theso-called “carbon market”. The objective of this study isto evaluate the effect of the management with and with-out burning on the carbon dynamic in the sugarcaneagrosystem, with the view to mitigating the greenhouseeffect, using the Century model. We will use areas in theSão Martinho sugar mill in Pradópolis, São Paulo. Twochronosequences will be analyzed, that is, fields inwhich sugarcane has been planted eight, six, four andtwo years ago, in addition to native vegetation. The areasstudied are located in the class of soil predominant inthe region, red latosol. One chronosequence handledthe harvest with biomass burning and another, withoutburning. Collections of soil will be gathered, for evalua-tion of the following attributes: pH, density, clay frac-tions, silt and sand, total C and N and C microbial bio-mass. The results of the chemical and physical analyseswill be used in establishing the parameters of the modeland subjected to multivariate statistical analysis.

Stocks of carbon and nitrogen in cerradosoils aimed at agricultural sustainability

Marisa de Cássia PiccoloCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/15538-7Term: Oct/2005 to Feb/2008

The Cerrado represents one of the most promisingagricultural frontiers in the world, although the conver-sion of natural areas into productive systems has pro-

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voked an intense debate in relation to the changes thathave occurred in the dynamic of the soil organic matter(SOM) and alterations in the fluxes of trace gasesresponsible for the greenhouse effect (CO2, N2O andCH4). The clearing and burning of the natural vegeta-tion, followed by cultivation of the soil lead to a decreasein the stock of soil organic matter (SOM) and anincrease in the emission of greenhouse effect gases.Conservationist practices, such as the no-tillage system,are efficient strategies for mitigating these effects. Thegeneral objective of the research is to evaluate the alter-ations in the stocks of C and N in the soil and the emis-sions of significant gases for the greenhouse effect (CO2,N2O and CH4) in the process of the conversion of theCerrado in Rio Verde (GO) to systems of conventionaland no-tillage cultivation. The areas for study selectedare: native vegetation (1CN, 2CN and 3CN); conven-tional planting system established 15 years ago (PC); andno-tillage system: chronosequence with 12 years ofplanting (PD0, PD1, PD4, PD5, PD7, PD8, PD10 andPD12). Other variables such as the granulometry of thesoil, microbial C and N, mineralization of hydrosolubleN and C in the soil (DOC) will be studied in order tounderstand the dynamic of C and N in the systems.Mathematical simulations of the SOM will be undertak-en with the aid of the Century mathematical model.

Local management and conservation of natural resources in the AtlanticRainforest (Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo)

Alpina BegossiNucleus for Environmental Studies and ResearchCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2001/07618-2Term: Jan/2002 to Dec/2003

The integrated analysis of data on the ecologicalaspects of the resource and the characteristics of theusers is fundamental to evaluate the sustainability of anecosystem. In this sense, users are potential partners ina management system, where its success depends on thecompatibility of the forms of use, on the internal socialstructure of the user group and on the channels of inte-gration between the local and external institutions. Theobjective of this project is to study the forms of localmanagement in communities of two conservation unitswith different levels of ecological and institutionalaccess for natural resources: the Alto Ribeira State Park(Petar), located in the mountainous region and legallyrestricted to indirect use through scientific researchand tourism, and the Ilha Comprida environmentalprotection area, located in the costal region, and legallyavailable for direct use of resources subject to some res-

trictions, both in the State of São Paulo. The study isbeing undertaken together with the Nucleus forEnvironmental Research (Nepam-Unicamp), in colla-boration with the thematic project Forest and sea: usesand conflicts in the Vale do Ribeira and south coast, SãoPaulo and will run for two years. In the first year, we willundertake a contextual regional analysis of each area ofstudy, in accordance with the ecological categories(topography, vegetal cover, types of resource) and socialaspects (actors, conservation policy, infrastructure,tourism). In the second year, we will carry out a localcontextualization of each study area, focusing on thelocal perception of the use of resources, family econo-mics and social organization. The methodology adop-ted will be interviews, participative mapping and classi-fication of satellite images. Comparisons betweencommunities from different areas of study will be outli-ned in relation to the potential and the limitation of thelocal management of natural resources. The analysis ofthe data will focus both on practical aspects of the envi-ronmental question related to participative manage-ment and on theoretical aspects on the relationshipbetween forms of appropriation and degree of conser-vation of the natural resources.

Comparative ecophysiological analysis between species of macroalgae from loticenvironments: temperature and irradiance

Orlando Necchi JúniorSão José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences, Arts andExact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2001/06139-3Term: Aug/2001 to Mar/2004

With this research we propose to tackle ecophysio-logical aspects of lotic environments, namely: 1) tocompare the photosynthetic performance between spe-cies and populations, in the field and in the laboratory,involving variations in temperature and irradiance; thefield evaluations will be carried out using fluorometry,in terms of effective quantum yield of photosystem IIand relative rate of electron transport (ETR), and in thelaboratory we will use both techniques, fluorometryand concentration of dissolved oxygen through thetechnique of clear and dark flasks (rates of gross pho-tosynthesis, liquid and respiration); 2) to analyze therates of photosynthesis and respiration in relation tothe taxonomic group (Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta,Cyanophyta, Rhodophyta and Xanthophyta) and ofmorphofunctional characteristics, through the study ofrepresentative species from each group and morpholo-gical type. As principal justification for the propositionof this project, we should highlight the lack of similar

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works, in scope and depth, on lotic macroalgae world-wide. The information available is limited to few spe-cies, which does not permit broader conclusions andthere is still a notable lack of representation of spe-cies/populations from tropical regions. In this context,it becomes even more important to analyze, essentialecophysiological parameters (rates of photosynthesisand respiration) under different temperatures and irra-diance in a representative number of species and mor-phological types of the groups of algae well representedin lotic environments. More global and representativeinformation will provide assistance to better interpretthe ecological role of these algae in lotic ecosystems. Itis proposed to analyze the lotic algae in relation to themorphofunctional characteristics, in a similar way tothe model developed for benthic marine macroalgae,analyzing representatives from each morphologicaltype in relation to some characteristics: production(gross and liquid) and respiration, taxonomic groupand type of thallus. This will permit better understan-ding of the adaptations of each morphological type orgroup of algae to the environmental characteristics,particularly temperature and irradiance.

Acid precipitations and their implications in the biogeochemistryof the basin of the river Piracicaba

Luiz Antônio MartinelliCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/11429-6Term: Dec/1998 to Feb/2001

The project is aimed at the evaluation of the chemi-cal composition of the wet precipitation in the basin ofthe river Piracicaba. Wet precipitation collectors will beset up all along the basin and the rain will be sampledthroughout the year, for the analysis and interpretationof inorganic and organic components and their rela-tionship with the acidity of the precipitation. We willalso evaluate the transport of masses of air all along thebasin, to understand the origins of the precipitationand correlate the occurrence of acidity with natural oranthropogenic sources. Based on the knowledge aboutthe atmospheric phase of the hydrological cycle, it willbe possible to add this important information to theunderstanding of the biogeochemistry of the basin ofthe river Piracicaba.

Effects of air pollution on gas exchanges of young individuals of Tibouchina pulchraCogn (Melastomataceae), in the region ofCubatão, São Paulo (SP)

Welington Braz Carvalho DelittiInstitute of BiosciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/12163-7Term: Jan/1998 to Dec/1999

In Cubatão (SP) high levels have been observed ofpollutants such as HF, SO2 and NOx and the vegetationof the Atlantic Rainforest that surrounds it displaysclear signs of degradation. This project aims to verifythe impact of air pollution on gaseous exchanges ofCO2 in regions of Cubatão that are different in terms oftype and level of pollution. Seedlings of Tibouchinapulchra cultivated under standardized conditions willbe exposed to the atmosphere in these areas and, aftersix and 12 months, will be quantified: assimilation ofcarbon, stomatic conductance, chlorophyll and ascor-bic acid content, HF, macronutrients and parameters ofgrowth, aimed at a better understanding of the state ofthe plant under stress caused by air pollution.

Thermal comfort in cities: effect of tree-planting on the control of solar radiation

Lucila Chebel LabakiSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture andUrbanism/Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1996/01262-1Term: Sep/1996 to Feb/1999

The benefits that tree-planting brings to a city arecommon knowledge, principally when it is a questionof thermal comfort. However, there is little data whichpoints to the thermal efficiency of the action of tree-planting in urban areas. Thus, this project proposes thestudy of the effects of tree-planting on the control ofthe intensity of solar radiation incident in urban cen-ters, through the experimental observation of the rela-tionships between solar radiation which passes throughthe tops of trees and the intensity of the heat transfer-red to the environment.

Mapping of ground fires in the EmasNational Park, Goiás: 1973-1994

Alberto Waingort SetzerNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)

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Process 1995/02674-9Term: Aug/1995 a Aug/1997

The project has the objective of identifying andmapping the ground fires which occur in the EmasNational Park (PNE), GO, since 1973, to provide infor-mation for the study of the role of fire in this region ofcerrado (wooded savanna). For this purpose, satelliteimages will be used for the Landsat systems, sensorMSS (1973-1983) on the scale 1:250,000 and TM(1984-1994) on the scale 1:100,000. With the aid ofrecords available in the park, to be obtained from theBrazilian Institute of the Environment and of NaturalRenewable Resources (Ibama), we will analyze annualimages from that location and, when the occurrence ofground fire is noted, the limits of that fire will be map-ped. These maps, produced on the basis of visual inter-pretation of the images, will be managed through theGeographical Information System (GIS) of theNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe), thus crea-ting an information plan (IP) for each ground fireevent recorded. Finally, all the IPs will be superimposedin the GIS environment, creating maps for temporaland spatial analysis of the areas affected by ground firesin that park.

Adaptation strategies of arboreal speciestypical of waterlogged ground environments:a morphological, biochemical and ecophysiological approach

Carlos Alfredo JolyInstitute of BiologyCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1994/02058-3Term: Sep/1994 to Mar/1998

Riverine forests constitute an extremely degradedecosystem in the State of São Paulo, with few representa-tive remnants remaining principally in the interior of thestate. In the face of this situation, some projects for therecuperation of these areas have been proposed. Due tothe fact that the riverine environment is very peculiar inits abiotic characteristics, and subject to periodical floo-ding, few species manage to develop in these conditions.This characteristic is confirmed by the low floristic diver-sity of these areas, if compared to the mesophile forestsof the tableland. There exists few studies tackling thestrategies of tolerance to flooding of Brazilian species.Works with this focus could provide important supportfor projects of recomposition of riverine vegetation. Theobjective of this work is to provide this support, throughthe study of the effect of hydric saturation of the soil ontypical species of this environment, evaluating the ger-

minative behavior and the morphological, physiologicaland metabolic responses, both of the root system and theexposed part of the plants.

Changes in land use in Amazonia and dynamic of the organic matter in the soilusing carbon isotopes

Luiz Antônio MartinelliCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/04169-1Term: Apr/1993 to Sep/1994

Changes in land use in the Amazonian region,among other consequences, modify the dynamic andthe quality of organic matter in the soil. In this projectwe propose to evaluate these changes, studying a typi-cal area of new landscape that is taking shape inAmazonia. In the region of Paragominas (state of Pará)we have the coexistence of primary and secondary(capoeira) forests and active and abandoned pastures.Through the elementary composition of the organicmatter and of the natural radioactive isotope carbon-14 and of the stable isotope carbon-13 we intend todetermine changes in the soil stocks, as well as changesin the time of residence and of the refractoriness of theorganic matter in profiles of soil under forest, secon-dary forest and pastures.

Aspects of the hydrological cycle in theAmazon basin: a temporal and spatial study

Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaCenter for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (Cena)University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/00362-1Term: Jun/1992 a Jun/1995

The hydrological cycle in Amazonia proves to be ofgreat importance due to the huge volume of waterinvolved. Annually the region receives 12x1,012m3

(2,200mm) of water through precipitation, and appro-ximately 50 per cent of this total returns to the atmos-phere through evapotranspiration, demonstrating therole of vegetation. We do not know, however, basicinformation relating to localized processes, whichrequire a different scale of study. Our intention in thisproject is to refine our knowledge on two aspects of theregion’s hydrological cycle: 1) in what manner does thetransfer of the water from the atmosphere to the soiltake place; 2) and how does part of this water return tothe atmosphere via vegetation. To attain the first objec-

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tive we intend to analyze the historic series of precipi-tation and prove whether most of the events are con-vective, as in Manaus, where in 80 per cent of the casesit rains less than 15mm. In the second case, throughisotopic analyses we intend to identify the sources ofvapor for the forest and from there to the atmosphere.


Modeling of the dynamic of the organic matter in the soil in the zone of agriculturalexpansion in southwest Amazonia: basis for research into global climate changes

Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino CerriCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/60255-6Term: Apr/2006 to Mar/2010

The research aims to evaluate, through the use ofmathematical modeling, the alterations in the stocks ofcarbon and nitrogen in the soil due to the agriculturalexpansion which has occurred over the last 30 years inthe states of Rondônia and Mato Grosso. In addition,simulations involving future scenarios will generateinformation which could be useful when taking deci-sions on public policies which deal with global climatechanges. To this end we will apply the four models ofsimulation (Century, RothC, DNDC and TEM) mostrelevant which deal with the dynamic of organic matterin the soil, as well as the empirical model proposed bythe IPCC/ONU, taking advantages thus of the data avai-lable in the literature. The results derived from the mod-els mentioned will make it possible to obtain estimatesof the alterations in the stocks of carbon and nitrogen inthe soil contemplating the present, retrospective andprospective scenarios of changes in land use.

Floristic composition, structure and functioning of the dense ombrophilous forestin the Picinguaba and Santa Virgínia nucleiof the Serra do Mar State Park

Carlos Alfredo JolyInstitute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2003/12595-7Term: Jun/2005 to May/2009

The objective of this project is to determine whichare the really relevant intrinsic characteristics for us tounderstand the role of each species/functional group inthe determination of the floristic composition, of the

structure and the functioning of the different physiog-nomies of the dense ombrophilous forest in the north-east region of the State of São Paulo: Picinguaba andSanta Virgínia nuclei in the Serra do Mar State Park.Simultaneously, with the data on the functioning ofthis ecosystem, we will be able to determine the role, asthe source of emission or sink of CO2, of the denseombrophilous forest in the Atlantic region on the inter-annual climate variation and on the scenarios of globalclimate changes. This data will enable the comparisonwith results being collected by the LBA (Large ScaleBiosphere-Atmosphere experiment in Amazonia)Project in the dense ombrophilous forest of theAmazon basin.

Environmental Information System of theBiota-FAPESP Program: development of indicators for monitoring, updating the labelingof the cartographic base and improvementsto the Biota Neotrópica magazine

Carlos Alfredo JolyInstitute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2003/01214-2Term: Oct/2003 to Dec/2005

Biota-FAPESP’s Environmental Information SystemProgram constantly requires new developments tomeet both the needs of the program and the specificpeculiarities of some projects. The principal productsof this new stage should be: a) to convert the currentvegetation labeling of the Atlas for the Biota-FAPESPProgram to the IBGE’s Vegetation ClassificationSystem; b) development of indicators for the monitor-ing of the performance of the Program’s Environ-mental Information System; c) refine the integrationtools of the Biota Neotrópica magazine with databasesinternal and external to the program.

Conservation of the biodiversity in fragmented landscapes on the AtlanticPlateau of São Paulo (Brazil)

Jean Paul Walter MetzgerInstitute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/05123-4Term: Mar/2000 to Feb/2005

The fragmentation of habitats is today one of themost serious problems that exists. In the tropics, everyday a huge quantity of species are lost even before sci-ence discovers them. Since fragmented landscapes willbe the norm in the future, it is necessary to undertake

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actions of environmental management to prevent thedestruction of the biological diversity and all the bene-fits derived from it. This project aims to study somevital effects of the fragmentation in a landscape madeup of fragments of secondary tropical forest in theAtlantic Rainforest bioma (23035`S, 23050`S; and 46º45`W, 47015`W) and to provide an ecological basis forthe regional management, to promote the permanenceof the greatest number of species possible in the land-scape. In this context, the main objective of the projectis to verify what spatial arrangement and which ele-ments of the landscape are necessary to maintain thebiological diversity, by: 1) describing the history of thefragmentation and of the regeneration of the land-scape; 2) correlating the size of the fragment and thetype of matrix with diversity of species of some taxo-nomic groups, the presence and abundance of (meta)forest populations, according to their sensitivity tofragmentation; 3) investigating the ecological processesthat determine the maintenance of (meta) populations,particularly those related to the influence of the sur-rounding matrix and forest connectivity. These objec-tives meet the requirements of the Biota-FAPESP Pro-gram. The project plan includes eight sub-projectsdealing with the same landscapes and groups of forestfragments, with complementary objectives. We proposean approach that involves a multiple scale analysis, inwhich the entire landscape and the fragments will befocused on, detailing the effects on the matrix and thecorridor; studies will be undertaken of the levels ofpopulation and of community, in which a broad rangeof taxa will be examined (forest plants, primates, birds);umbrella species and key processes that may maintain ahigh biodiversity will be sought. Different theories oflandscape ecologies will be tested and parameters of thespatial structure of the landscape and the quality of thehabitat will be integrated to metapopulational models,particularly to the likelihood function model. Tounderstand the existing structure of the landscape andits history of fragmentation and regeneration, twotypes of landscape will be distinguished: one consistingof a forest matrix and the other of an agriculturalmatrix. These will be characterized taking into account:1) connectivity and heterogeneity of landscape, forestfragmentation and isolation (subproject 1); 2) geomor-phologic and pedologic characteristics and principalphysical geoindicators to measure the magnitude andthe speed of decisive abiotic processes (subproject 2).Each fragment will be characterized by: 1) size; 2) het-erogeneity of the forest eco-units; 3) quality of theinternal environment and heterogeneity of the eco-units; 4) effects of shape and fringes ; 5) complexity ofedge; 6) degree of isolation and connectivity and the

potential for (re)colonization; 7) age and history of theregeneration, obtained from the analysis of aerial pho-tographs from 1962, 1973 and 1988 (subprojects 1 and3). To correlate the patterns of biodiversity with size offorest fragment and type of matrix, 12 fragments willbe studied in detail, with respect to the: 1) compositionand diversity of species of adult trees (subproject 3); 2)composition and diversity of seedlings and new trees(subproject 7); 3) the abundance of six species of birds(subproject 6); 4) the biomass and density of primates(subproject 5). The influence of matrices and corridorson seed flows (subproject 8), forest regeneration (sub-project 7) and movement of selected species of birds(subproject 6) will be analyzed in greater detail, whentackling a smaller number of fragments. The size andconnectivity of the fragments will also be related to thepatterns of potential occupation of fragments for(re)colonization, working with landscape of high andlow demands, as well as types of landscape that onlysupport species of low demand. Here, 50 to 60 frag-ments will be considered, of 4-5 hectares to 90 hectares,around half with agricultural matrix. Initially the fol-lowing organisms will have their patterns of occupationconsidered: 1) six species of birds (subproject 6); 2) onespecies of endemic palm tree (subproject 4); 3) severalspecies of trees (subproject 3). The comparison of thesetwo groups of fragments in terms of size, environmen-tal quality (subproject 3) and spatial attributes (isola-tion, connectivity, type of matrix) (subproject 1)should indicate the factors that dictate the permanenceof a given species in the landscape. Likelihood functionmodels will be applied to analyze patterns of occupa-tion of segment and to simulate the occurrence of thespecies in different scenarios of the evolution of thelandscape. This approach will enable us to identify thebest conditions of fragment to maintain the species inthe landscape on a long term basis, supposing that theybehave like a metapopulation, providing a direct eco-logical basis for the management of the conservation oftropical forest fragments. One of the main results of theproposed project will be the creation of the data basewith specialized information on the regional physiog-raphy, the structure and dynamic of regional flora andlandscape, in addition to dissemination in specializedpublications, informative articles, multimedia materialwith CD-ROM and online database and a guide toregional forest species, aimed at non-specialists, in par-ticular, at children in the regional public schools.

Structure and functioning of hydrographicbasins of meso and microscale in the State of São Paulo: bases for generating and sustaining biodiversity

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Luiz Antônio MartinelliCenter of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture University of São Paulo (Cena/USP)Process 1999/05279-4Term: Jan/2000 to Aug/2004

The paradigm of this project is that biodiversity inhydrographic basins is generated and preserved by theinteractions between the physical environment, biogeo-chemical processes and anthropic actions. Therefore,based on this paradigm, biodiversity cannot be proper-ly investigated without a characterization of the struc-ture and functioning of hydrographic basins. TheBiota-FAPESP Program offers a unique opportunity toinvestigate the effects of the attributes of landscape andbiogeochemistry on biodiversity, given that there willbe, in an interactive way, several projects dealing withthese topics. In this project we intend to investigate thebiogeochemistry of basins of meso (101 to 104 km2)and microscale (101 to 102 km2) as an aid to interpret-ing results emanating from projects related to aquaticbiodiversity within the Biota-FAPESP Program. Thelink between the environmental factors and biodiversi-ty will be established: 1) working in the same areas asthe projects geared to investigating aquatic biodiversity;2) through specific parameters and analyses which linkattributes of landscape and biogeochemistry to thoserelated to biodiversity. On the mesoscale our specificobjective will be to determine whether chemical andphysical attributes respond differently between basinswith different impacts. Our strategy will be to comparemesoscale basins with different levels of impact, withthe main scientific questions being: 1) What are theeffects of domestic sewage, industrial effluents andchanges in use of the land on the distribution of car-bon, nitrogen and phosphorus in basins with differentlevels of impact? Aiming to answer this first question,we intend to compare key parameters of aquatic bio-geochemistry between basins with different levels ofimpact; 2) What are the effects of the urbanization,industrial activities and use of land on the compositionof the atmosphere in basins with different degrees ofimpact? To answer this question, we propose to com-pare the dry and wet deposition in the basins selectedfor this study. On the microscale we intend to investi-gate the biogeochemistry of small basins, with a view toanswering the following questions: 3) Is the aquaticbiodiversity related to chemical or biological aspects ofthe rivers?; 4) Is aquatic biodiversity related to attrib-utes of the landscape, specifically to those related to theriverside zones? Our approach in this case will be tocompare microscale basins along the gradient of biodi-versity.

Viability of the conservation of the remainsof the Cerrado in the State of São Paulo

Marisa Dantas BitencourtInstitute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/05251-0Term: Apr/1999 to Sep/2003

The rate of disappearance of the cerrados in theState of São Paulo highlighted in the last ForestInventory (FI) indicated the urgent establishment ofconservation measures and, possibly restoration oftheir remnants. The interdisciplinarity of the teamsinvolved ensures the success of the project, which aimsto indicate areas where physiognomies of Cerrado maybe conserved ecologically and economically. Takingadvantage of the efforts already undertaken by the FIand the experience of different teams in questions relat-ed to the Cerrado, this project will: a) update the phys-iognomic classes; b) indicate their state of conservationand agents responsible for their degradation; c) indi-cate how the species there present may be economical-ly viable; e) indicate legal measures that act as incen-tives for conservation and disincentives to degradation;f) inform the non-academic community about theirdiscoveries. The number of fragments studied willdepend on the previously hierarchized and pro-grammed analysis, depending on time and money.

Conservation and sustainable use of thevegetal biodiversity of the Cerrado and the Atlantic Rainforest: the storage of carbohydrates and its role in the adaptation and maintenance of plants in their natural habitat

Marcos Silveira BuckeridgeInstitute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministry of theEnvironmentProcess 1998/05124-8Term: Apr/1999 to Aug/2005

The periods in which plants temporarily lose thecapacity to maintain their autotrophy, or rather, inwhich the photosynthetic system is temporarily pre-vented from functioning (periods of dormancy), cons-titute fragile links in the life cycle of the plants, giventhat they remain totally dependent on their reserves toresume their photosynthetic activity, as soon as theenvironmental conditions are favorable. Thus, it is dur-ing the unfavorable periods that the plants store, in spe-cific and specialized organs, reserves of organic com-pounds such as carbohydrates and lipids (carbon

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reserves) and proteins (nitrogen reserves). These reser-ves are consumed during specific periods and underrigid metabolic control, in such a way as to supply theenergy needs and at the same time the raw material forthe resumption of growth. This resumption requireslarge quantities of carbon, given that the resumption ofgrowth requires an increase in energy consumption, inthe cell division and extension, which in turn requiresthe biosynthesis of cell wall, which is composed princi-pally of carbohydrates. The principal reserves of car-bohydrates in plants can be divided into intra and extracellular. The reserves accumulated in the interior of thecells can be found in the vacuole (fructans, sucrose, raf-finose series) or in the cytoplasm (starch) and the accu-mulations in the extracellular space are made up ofpolysaccharides belonging to the classes of hemicellulo-ses and pectins. For every type of polysaccharide usedas reserve there corresponds one or more strategies forsurvival, defense, use and mobilization of these resour-ces. In this sense, it is possible that the maintenance ofbiodiversity presents a relatively high degree of depen-dency on these periods of accumulation and mobiliza-tion of reserves, making it important to study thesephenomena in detail, since their understanding willenable not only the maintenance of biodiversity, but inmany cases its recovery and use in a sustainable man-ner. The present proposal has the general objective ofstudying the types of reserve carbohydrates, their accu-mulation and mobilization and the consequences forsubsequent development of native plants in theCerrado and the Atlantic Rainforest, with a view toobtaining a solid scientific base for the conservationand recovery of the biodiversity of those biomas, as wellas the use in sustainable manner of compounds produ-ced by some of these plants.


Total atmospheric deposition (wet and dry)in Brazil: implications of anthropic activitieson the biogeochemical cycles of N and C

Luciene de Barros Lorandi Silveira LaraInstitute of PhysicsUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/00298-3Term: Nov/2005 to Oct/2009

Nowadays, tropical forest are of recognized impor-tance in relation to extremely high indices of wealth ofspecies and of endemisms. Studies on the structure andthe functioning of tropical forests have become evenmore important given the importance of these biomas

because of the role they play in the carbon cycle, modu-lating exchanges between the atmosphere and terres-trial systems, and in the cycle of nitrogen, in the face ofthe increase in atmospheric deposition of this nutrient.The understanding of the preserved and/or alteredecosystems will provide the necessary discernment forthe conception of sustainable management systems,which will be able to emulate the biological adaptationswhich developed in particular environmental condi-tions of tropical regions. Given the scarcity of informa-tion on the structure and functioning of tropical ecos-ystems, the principal objective of this project is toinvestigate the wet and dry deposition and provideinformation which could lead to the contemplation ofother multidisciplinary studies developed in tropicalregions. For this purpose, different types of bioma wereselected: Amazon Forest, Cerrado, Atlantic Rainforestand urbanized regions in the State of São Paulo. Thisstudy will be an integral part of the Biota-FAPESP Pro-gram, LBA project (Grand Scale Experiment of theAmazonian Biosphere and Atmosphere) and theMillennium Institute.

Study of the relationship between the trophic state and the emission of greenhouseeffect gases (CH4, CO2 and N2O) in reservoirsin the middle Tietê river and evaluation ofthe capacity to remove carbon, nitrogen…

Donato Seiji AbeInternational Institute of Ecology and EnvironmentalManagementProcess 2004/13782-8Term: May/2005 to Sep/2007

The present project has as its objective the quantifi-cation of the emission of the principal greenhouseeffect gases of biogenic origin (CH4, CO2 and N2O) inthe water and in the sediment of the Barra Bonita,Bariri, Ibitinga and Promissão reservoirs, located incascade in the middle Tietê river, State of São Paulo. Itis intended to report on, twice a year (summer andwinter), the trophic state and other environmental fac-tors of bodies of water with the emission of greenhou-se effect gases in a simultaneous way and at differenttimes of the year. We will also quantify, in points loca-ted along the reservoirs, the levels of denitrification, ofmethanogenesis and of respiration, aiming to identifythe principal sources of the emission of greenhouseeffect gases, as well as estimate the capacity which eachsystem possesses to remove the existing excess of car-bon and nitrogen.

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Seasonal variations and tolerance to hydric deficiency in seedlings of tropical treespecies from different successional groups

Gustavo Maia SouzaPresidente Prudente School of Agrarian SciencesPaulista West University (Unoeste)Process 2003/06939-5Term: Jun/2004 to May/2008

The increasing importance in conserving and resto-ring natural environments, such as tropical forest,brings the need to develop programs of managementand forest restoration projects that are increasingly effi-cient and ecologically suited to the maintenance of bio-diversity. In this context, the knowledge of the ecophy-siology of native tropical species assume a fundamentalrole in assisting the adaptation of projects of mainte-nance of biodiversity, enabling the appropriate choiceof species for each type of environment, as well as theideal planting conditions. In addition to this, the studyof the relationship of plants with the variations in theirenvironments enables a better understanding of theintricate ecological relationships which shape tropicalforests, such as their process of auto-regeneration andauto-maintenance via the dynamic of clearings. In thisway, the research project aims to carry out a judiciousstudy of the ecophysiology of tropical tree species ena-bling: a) the establishment of physiological parameterswhich permit a clear distinction between the successio-nal groups; b) determination of the variation of the res-ponses of different species to seasonal variations in anatural environment; c) determination of the degree ofadaptation of each successional group to a particularenvironment in the forest (clearing or understory); d)verification of the differences in the mechanisms anddegrees of tolerance to hydric deficiency between twodifferent successional groups in semi-controlled condi-tions (greenhouse).

Biogeochemical cycle of carbon in rivers: an integrative approach through analysiswithout multiscales using multiple tracers

Alex Vladimir KruscheCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/07006-4Term: Oct/2000 to Sep/2004

To understand the biogeochemical cycle of carbonin river systems in such a way as to describe it by meansof a comprehensive functional model is one of the mostimportant objectives of the studies undertaken in these

systems. Research carried out in the Amazon river overthe last 20 years led to the formulation of one of thesemodels, known as River Basin Organic Matter andBiogeochemistry Synthesis (Rombus). However, thismodel is based merely on results obtained in this riveron a continental scale, and its validity for systems ofmicro and mesoscale is still an unknown quantity,which the project intends to ascertain. To this end, wewill expand the experiments previously carried out onthat scale for small igarapés (narrow riverbanks) on theNova Vida Farm and for the river Ji-Paraná, all locatedin the basin of the river Madeira, in the state ofRondônia. In this way, the validity of the model will betested also for micro and mesoscales. Such experiments,their results and the formulation of the model presup-pose the fractioning of organic matter in physicallyquantifiable units and its elemental, isotopic and mole-cular speciation. While the first two (elemental and iso-topic) provide important information on the sources ofcarbon in transport in the river systems, based on thelatter unit (molecular) it is also possible to infer thedegree of diagenetic alteration of the organic matter.Associated with direct measurements of the metabolicrates and of possible substrates of the same, as organiccompounds of low molecular weight, this study expandsand consolidates organic geochemistry as a line ofresearch in the Cena Isotopic Ecology Laboratory in(USP), implementing analytical techniques still far fromcommon in this area of knowledge in Brazil.

GRANTS

NEW FRONTIERS

Evaluation of the impact of ozone and itsprecursors on the emission of volatile organic compounds and on the antioxidantactivity of leaves of model plants exposed to the controlled conditions of fumigation

Grant holder: Silvia Ribeiro de SouzaInstitution: Institute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministry of the EnvironmentProcess 2008/03208-3

RESEARCH ABROAD

Characterization of Cerrado remnants in the State of São Paulo of the flora, phytogeography and state of conservation

Grant holder: Giselda Durigan

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Supervisor: James Alexander RatterInstitution: Forestry Institute / São Paulo State Ministry of the EnvironmentInstitution abroad: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburg, EscóciaProcess 2001/01237-7

Hydrogen fuel derived from water and solar light using the components of photosynthesis

Grant holder: Carmen FernandezInstitution abroad: University of California Berkeley, EUAProcess 1996/04960-1

POST-DOCTORATE

Stomata as foliar structures indicating climate changes in trees of the Atlantic Rainforest

Grant holder: Simone GodoiSupervisor: Marcos Silveira BuckeridgeInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/03477-1

Aerial phytomass from different biomass in the southwest of Amazonia and its contribution to the greenhouse effect, due to deforestation and burning

Grant holder: Ciro Abbud RighiSupervisor: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/54790-9

Norms and diversity of functional types in dense ombrophilous forest in the Picinguaba and Santa Virgínia nuclei of the Serra do Mar State Park

Grant holder: Enio Egon Sosinski JúniorSupervisor: Carlos Alfredo JolyInstituion: Instituto de Biologia / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2005/59168-1

Dynamic of carbon in vegetation along theeast-west axis of Brazilian Amazonia

Grant holder: Simone Aparecida VieiraSupervisor: Plínio Barbosa de CamargoInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/05555-1

Fluxes of carbon in fluvial environments and their origin in western Amazonia

Grant holder: Cleber Ibraim SalimonSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/07778-5

Diversity and biogeography of amphibians in islands of the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Cínthia Aguirre BrasileiroSupervisor: Ivan SazimaInstitution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2003/06014-1

Isolation and characterization of the genesinvolved in the metabolism of carbohydratesduring the growth and establishment of two species of the Hymenaea genus and in different environmental conditions

Grant holder: Marília Gaspar MaisSupervisor: Marcos Silveira BuckeridgeInstitution: Institute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministry of the EnvironmentProcesso: 2001/10419-1

Biogeography of the interactions betweenAsteraceae and the endophagous insects oftheir capitula in cerrados of São Paulo

Grant holder: Adriana Monteiro de AlmeidaSupervisor: Thomas Michael LewinsohnInstitution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2001/08619-2

Chemical composition of the precipitationand inhalable particulate matter and their correlations with the gradient ofanthropic interferences in the São Paulo

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Grant holder: Luciene de Barros Lorandi Silveira LaraSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/02698-8

Mapping of the cover and soil use in the hydrographic basins of the AltoParanapanema Aguapeí, Peixe/SantoAnastácio and São José dos Dourados,based on satellite images

Grant holder: Alexandre Marco da SilvaSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (Cena) /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/12939-0

Effect of connectivity on the abundance and wealth of plantules and young tree species in fragmented landscapes

Grant holder: Luciana Ferreira AlvesSupervisor: Jean Paul Walter MetzgerInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/03945-6

DOCTORATE

Expansion of the agricultural frontier inAmazonia and its implications in the cyclingof N in the adjacent natural systems

Grant holder: Adelaine Michela and Silva FigueiraSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2008/51343-7

Interaction between the atmosphere enriched in CO2 and the water deficit:effects on the growth and the metabolism offructans in Vernonia herbaceae (Vell.) Rusby

Grant holder: Vanessa Fátima de OliveiraSupervisor: Maria Ângela Machado de CarvalhoInstitution: Institute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministry of the EnvironmentProcess 2007/59782-7

Sources of carbon and nitrogen for primaryand secondary aquatic consumers in themicrobasins of the Atlantic Rainforest in theregion of Ubatuba, São Paulo

Grant holder: Alexandre Leandro PereiraSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/55586-9

Photosynthetic and metabolic mechanismsrelated to the responses of sugarcane cultivated in CO2 enriched atmosphere

Grant holder: Amanda Pereira de SouzaSupervisor: Marcos Silveira BuckeridgeInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/55457-4

Adaptation strategies, growth and assimilation of carbon in five tropical tree species subjected to hydric saturation of the ground

Grant holder: Viviane Camila de OliveiraSupervisor: Carlos Alfredo JolyInstitution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2007/53263-8

Evaluation of the ecological sustainability of restored riparian forests

Grant holder: Letícia Couto GarciaSupervisor: Ricardo Ribeiro RodriguesInstitution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Processo: 2007/50885-8

Physiological and metabolic responses of three species of tropical legumes to global climate changes

Grant holder: Adriana Yepes MayorgaSupervisor: Marcos Silveira BuckeridgeInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 2006/61544-4

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Primary liquid productivity in different phytophysiognomies in the Serra do MarState Park, São Paulo

Grant holder: Cristina Aledi FelsemburghSupervisor: Plínio Barbosa de CamargoInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/57010-4

Isotopic composition in the fluxes of CO2 in the Cerrado area (Vassununga State Park)

Grant holder: Jadson Dezincourt DiasSupervisor: Plínio Barbosa de CamargoInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/56863-3

Use of forest remnants by anurans in the north-east region of the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Vitor Hugo Mendonça do PradoSupervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa FeresInstitution: São José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences,Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2006/51534-1

Effect of climate changes on the productivity and offer of water: an investigation into the São Paulo agroecosystems

Grant holder: Jonatan Dupont TatschSupervisor: Humberto Ribeiro da RochaInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospherics Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Processo 2006/50924-0

A large-scale synthetic model applied to the hydroclimatology and eco-geodynamicsof the Amazon river basin

Grant holder: Vincent BustilloSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/58884-5

Cycling of nutrients from the soil and litter in dense ombrophilous forest in theSerra do Mar State Park

Grant holder: Susian Christian MartinsSupervisor: Marisa de Cássia PiccoloInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/57950-4

Effect of solar radiation on the bioavailabilityof dissolved organic matter (DOM) producedby Microcystis aeruginosa

Grant holder: Thaís Beraldo BittarSupervisor: Armando Augusto Henriques VieiraInstitution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health/ FederalUniversity of São Carlos (UFSCar)Process 2005/57213-0

Isotopic discrimination of sources of methane in tropical forests of Amazonia

Grant holder: José Mauro Sousa de MouraSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/56386-8

The carbon cycle in the drainage basin of the river Cuieiras, Amazonas: of the interactions between terrestrial and aquaticenvironments to the exports through discharge and evasionof CO2

Grant holder: Vania NeuSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/55758-9

Use of nitrogen strategies in tree species in the forests of the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Érico Fernando Lopes Pereira da SilvaSupervisor: Carlos Alfredo JolyInstitution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2004/03647-6

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The occurrence of bamboo formations onthe wooded hillside of the Atlantic Rainforestand their influence on local diversity

Grant holder: Luciana Spinelli de AraújoSupervisor: Gerd SparovekInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/12485-7

Organic acidity of precipitation and use of soil in the State of São Paulo: spatial and temporal variability

Grant holder: Vanessa Prezotto SilveiraSupervisor: Plínio Barbosa de CamargoInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/12819-0

Influence of the seasonal climatic variationson bat-plant interactions: effects on patternsof foraging and dispersion of seeds in batsof the Sturnira lilium species

Grant holder: Marco Aurélio Ribeiro de MelloSupervisor: Wesley Rodrigues SilvaInstitution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University(Unicamp)Process 2002/09286-0

The role of carboxylic acids of low molecular weight in the biogeochemicalcycle of carbon in rivers of the Amazon basin

Grant holder: Cristiane Tumang FrareSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/08684-1

System for geographical information andclassification of the capacity of land useapplied in the diagnosis of intensity of use of the hydrographic basin of the river Ji-Paraná, Rondônia

Grant holder: André Marcondes Andrade ToledoSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/00155-0

Effects of the environmental alterations in hydrographic basins, in the alimentarysources available to the ichthyofauna, using carbon isotopes

Grant holder: Ivan VieiraSupervisor: Plínio Barbosa de CamargoInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/05622-2

Modeling of anthropic factors that influence the Cerrado fragments in the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Jorge Alberto Bustamante BecerraSupervisor: Marisa Dantas BitencourtInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / Universidade of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/07106-9

Alteration of the dynamic of carbon in relation to changes in land use in two micro-scale paired basins (Nova Vida farm, Rondônia)

Grant holder: Luiz Fernando CharbelSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/01111-0

Studies of hydrological and hydrogeochemical processes in the drainage basin of the river Piracicaba

Grant holder: Manuel Enrique Gamero GuandiqueSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/12263-7

Spatial and temporal variability of carbon in the soil in the conversion of forest intopastures in Western Amazonia (Rondônia)

Grant holder: Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino CerriSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictóriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/07103-0

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Modeling of the variations in the spectralresponse of the physiognomies of Cerrado inrelation to seasonal climatic variations

Grant holder: Humberto Navarro de Mesquita JúniorSupervisor: Marisa Dantas BitencourtInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/05041-8

Global changes and rate of growth of arboreal species in Amazonia

Grant holder: Simone Aparecida VieiraSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/03353-2

Flux of carbon between soil and atmosphere in a chronosequence in Western Amazonia (Acre)

Grant holder: Cleber Ibraim SalimonSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/03315-3

Determination of origins and spatial andtemporal variations of the flux of methane in hydroelectric plants in Amazonia

Grant holder: Ivan Bergier Tavares de LimaSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/02228-0

Dynamic of organic matter in the soil in areas with climatic and textural differences in Amazonia

Grant holder: Everaldo de Carvalho Conceição TellesSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/14073-5

Adaptation strategies of arboreal speciestypical of waterlogged soil environment: a morphological, biochemical and ecophysiological approach

Grant holder: Patrícia Carneiro LoboSupervisor: Carlos Alfredo JolyInstitution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University(Unicamp)Process 1997/08794-1

Study of the ground burning regime in the Brazilian cerrados with AVHRR/NOAAimages: 1985-1988

Grant holder: Helena FrançaSupervisor: Alberto Waingort SetzerInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/07695-0

Decomposition of residues of sugarcane in no-burn harvesting system

Grant holder: Marilda Zanoni Mariotti AbbasSupervisor: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/12013-2

Chemical characterization of precipitation in the basin of the river Piracicaba: spatialand temporal variability

Grant holder: Luciene de Barros Lorandi Silveira LaraInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/07318-9

The dynamic of organic carbon dissolved in the hydrographic basin of the river Piracicaba, São Paulo

Grant holder: Marcelo Corrêa BernardesSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/00383-0

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Concentration, stock of nutrients and isotopic composition of the wet tropical forest, Samuel Ecological Station, Rondônia

Grant holder: Sergio Antônio da Silva AlmeidaSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/02942-5

Aspects of the hydrological cycle in theAmazon basin: a temporal and spatial study

Grant holder: Aristides RibeiroSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/00361-5

MASTERS

Study of the hydric balance and biogeo-chemical balance of nitrogen in a microbasinwith a forest plantation of eucalyptus on thenorthern coast of the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Rodrigo TrevisanSupervisor: Jorge Marcos de MoraesInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Processo: 2006/59536-3

Integrated analysis of dendrochronology,anatomy and stable isotopes of carbon in Hymenaea courbaril L. for identification of possible effects of the elevation of atmospheric CO2 and climatic changes

Grant holder: Giuliano Maselli LocosselliSupervisor: Gregório Cardoso Tapias CeccantiniInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 2006/58698-0

Study of the hydric balance and the biogeochemical balance of nitrogen in a first order microbasin with pasture cover on the north coast of the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Luiz Felippe SalemiSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/54292-9

Impact of raised concentrations of CO2 onthe physiology and the initial growth of croton Urucurana baill and Cariniana legalis(mart) kuntze, in a future climatic simulation

Grant holder: Eduardo Augusto Dias de OliveiraSupervisor: Carlos Alberto Martinez Y HuamanInstitution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts andSciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/54286-9

Spatio-temporal study of the distribution of dissolved forms of nitrogen and carbon in microbasins of the Atlantic Rainforestwith different degrees of disturbance

Grant holder: Tatiana Morgan Berteli de AndradeSupervisor: Plínio Barbosa de CamargoInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/57812-0

Nitrogen losses through the emission of gasesand their relationship with the decompositionof the forest litter and biomass of roots inthe woodlands of the Atlantic Rainforest

Grant holder: Eráclito Rodrigues de Sousa NetoSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/57549-8

Evaluation of the changes in genic expression in jatobá (Hymenacea courbaril)in the response to increase in the concentration of CO2

Grant holder: Luiz Eduardo Vieira Del BemSupervisor: Michel Georges Albert VincentzInstitution: Center for Molecular Biology and GeneticEngineering / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2005/57098-6

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Effect of CO2 enriched atmosphere on growth, on the allocation of biomass and on the metabolism of fructans of Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby

Grant holder: Vanessa Fátima de OliveiraSupervisor: Maria Ângela Machado de CarvalhoInstitution: Institute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministry of the EnvironmentProcess 2005/52290-6

Seasonal dynamic of gas exchanges and of the hydric potential in arboreal species ofa Cerrado sensu stricto in the Pé-de-gigantefarmland, P.E. Vassununga, São Paulo

Grant holder: Sabrina Latansio Costa RibeiroSupervisor: Marcos Pereira Marinho AidarInstitution: Institute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministry ofthe EnvironmentProcess 2005/51190-8

Environmental heterogeneity: what is its role in the regulation of the wealth and diversity of species of amphibian anurans in open area?

Grant holder: Carolina Panin CandeiraSupervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa FeresInstitution: São José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences,Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2004/12224-1

Influence of the atmosphere enriched with CO2

and the nitric oxide radical in the productionof phytoalexins in plantules of soybean

Grant holder: Fernanda dos Santos KretzschmarSupervisor: Márcia Regina BragaInstitution: Institute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministry ofthe EnvironmentProcess 2004/11455-0

Study of the effects in the short and long term of a CO2 enriched atmosphere on the growth, development and metabolism of carbohydrates of sugarcane(Saccharum ssp.)

Grant holder: Amanda Pereira de SouzaSupervisor: Marcos Silveira Buckeridge

Instituição: Instituto de Botânica / Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente (SMA-SP)Processo 2004/11421-8

Socioecological dynamics in participativefish farm management: the case of a marineextractivist reserve

Grant holder: Cristiana Simão SeixasSupervisor: Alpina BegossiInstitution: Nucleus for Environmental Studies and Research /Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2004/11273-9

The role of fluxes of nitrous oxide from the rivers to the atmosphere in the nitrogencycle in Brazilian Amazonia

Grant holder: Carolina Barisson Marques de OliveiraSupervisor: Alex Vladimir KruscheInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/10009-6

Effects of anthropic activity and forest fragmentation on the lepidoptera guild

Grant holder: Danilo Bandini RibeiroSupervisor: Keith Spalding Brown JúniorInstitution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2003/11697-0

Ecological similarity in communities of anuran tadpoles: the role of historical(phylogenetic) and contemporary (ecological) components

Grant holder: Vitor Hugo Mendonça do PradoSupervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa FeresInstitution: São José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences,Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2003/11049-9

Flux of radon-222 and methane in soils and sediments in Amazonia

Grant holder: José Mauro Sousa de MouraSupervisor: Marcelo Zacharias Moreira

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Institution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/03969-0

Biodiversity, spatial distribution and seasonal occurrence of tadpoles and adultanurans in Nova Itapirema, north-eastregion of the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Tiago da Silveira VasconcelosSupervisor: Denise de Cerqueira Rossa FeresInstitution: São José do Rio Preto Institute of Biosciences,Arts and Exact Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2002/11388-5

The effects of the clearing of forest and ofthe use of fire in the herbaceous communityof a terra firme forest in central Amazonia

Grant holder: Maria Beatriz Nogueira RibeiroSupervisor: Waldir MantovaniInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 2002/11196-9

Nictemeral variation in the structure anddynamic of the phytoplanktonic community inthe dry and wet seasons in the mesotropicalenvironment (Ninféias lake), Fontes doIpiranga State Park, São Paulo

Grant holder: Karin Ferraz BiesemeyerSupervisor: Carlos Eduardo de Mattos BicudoInstitution: Institute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministry of the EnvironmentProcess 2002/10938-1

The role of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere in the carbon cycle, in rivers in the state of Rondônia under different land uses

Grant holder: Maria de Fátima Fernandes Lamy RaseraSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/09567-9

Study and tendencies in time series of the quality of water of some rivers in the State of São Paulo presenting differentdegrees of anthropic intervention

Grant holder: Juliano Daniel GroppoSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Processo 2002/04932-0

Effects of the conversion of forests into pastures on the metabolism of rivers of micro and meso scale in the state of Rondônia

Grant holder: Michelle Cristine CogoSupervisor: Alex Vladimir KruscheInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/04071-5

Analysis of the spatial patterns of trees in for forest formations in the State of São Paulo, through second order analyses(Ripley's K function)

Grant holder: Robson Louiz CapretzSupervisor: João Luís Ferreira BatistaInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/11825-3

Abundance of capitula, flowering times and taxonomic isolation are decisivefactors in the local wealth of endophagousinsects of capitula?

Grant holder: Umberto KubotaSupervisor: Thomas Michael LewinsohnInstitution: Institute of Biology / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2001/00852-0

Effects of forest fragmentation on butterflyguilds on the Atlantic Plateau of São Paulo

Grant holder: Márcio Uehara PradoSupervisor: Keith Spalding Brown JúniorInstitution: Institute of Biology /

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Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2000/14717-4

Demographic observation and estimate of carbon sequestration in a fragment of river-bordering forest

Grant holder: Patrícia Helena PasqualSupervisor: Mario BenincasaInstitution: Center for Environmental Studies / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2000/12210-0

Relationships between the pattern of relief and the diversity of tree species in fragments of the Atlantic Rainforest in the region of Caucaia, São Paulo

Grant holder: William Goulart da SilvaSupervisor: Jean Paul Walter MetzgerInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/01587-5

Effect of the size of fragment and of the type of matrix in the abundance of six species of forest birds in Caucaia do Alto, São Paulo

Grant holder: Alexandre UezuSupervisor: Jean Paul Walter MetzgerInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/01120-0

Dynamic of carbon in rivers with differentdegrees of development: comparison between two hydrographic basins(Piracicaba and Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo)

Grant holder: Tomas Ferreira DominguesSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (Cena) /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/05898-0


Climatic variations and concentrations of ozone in young plants of ipomoea nil scarlet o’ hara

Grant holder: Sandra Regina de Araújo da Silva ViolaSupervisor: Regina Maria de MoraesInstitution: Institute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministry ofthe EnvironmentProcess 2008/51537-6

Biomonitoring of the concentration of atmospheric ozone in Presidente Prudente,through the analysis of carbohydrates of the nicotiana Tabacum bel-W3 species

Grant holder: Maurício Moreno de AlencarSupervisor: Maria de Lourdes Corradi Custódio da SilvaInstitution: Presidente Prudente School of Sciences andTechnology / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2007/59912-8

Effects of ozone on the growth and production of biomass in cultivars of tracajáand sambaíba de Glycine max (soybean)

Grant holder: Francisco Ricardo da SilvaSupervisor: Patrícia BulbovasInstitution: Institute of Health Sciences / University Paulista (Unip)Process 2007/54396-1

Characterization of the soil in denseombrophilous forest in the Serra do MarState Park, São Paulo

Grant holder: Carla Alberoni RosadaO: Marisa de Cássia PiccoloInstituição: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura /Universidade de São Paulo (Cena/USP)Processo 2007/50561-8

Morphophysiological foliar variations in two woody species along a gradient of altitude in the Atlantic Rainforest

Bolsista: Lisa Cardillo PaesOrientador: Rafael Silva OliveiraInstituição: Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura /Universidade de São Paulo (Cena/USP)Processo 2007/50540-0

Effect of CO2 on the establishment of theplantule of açaí (Euterpe oleracea mart)

Grant holder: Leila Cristina Mortari

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Supervisor: Marcos Silveira BuckeridgeInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 2007/04686-3

Relationship between concentration of chlorophyll, climatic variables and concentration of ozone in young plants of Psidium guajava paluma as an aid in biomonitoring

Grant holder: Daiane Teixeira da SilvaSupervisor: Regina Maria de MoraesInstitution: Institute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministry of the EnvironmentProcess 2006/61535-5

Greenhouse gas effect and global warming: evaluation of emissions of CO2,CH4 and N2O in soils under forest and pastures in Amazonia subjected to a temperature gradient

Grant holder: Laila Caroline Zamboni FraccaroSupervisor: Carlos Clemente CerriInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/56400-3

Inorganic forms of nitrogen in different areasof the tropical woodlands of the AtlanticRainforest in the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Grasiele Fernanda BuenoSupervisor: Luiz Antônio MartinelliInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/53412-0

Use of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in ecophysiological studies in the area of the stricto sensu Cerrado in the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Luciana Della ColettaSupervisor: Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud OmettoInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/57141-9

Analysis of the changes in the use of the cover of the soil in the region of the reservoir of Tucuruí through the eyes of the Landsat 1 and Cbers 2

Grant holder: Maria Luísa Bonazzi PalmieriSupervisor: Maria Victória Ramos BallesterInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/04524-8

Emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O from a soilirrigated with treated sewage effluent

Grant holder: Rafael Oliveira BarufaldiSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/12317-0

Use of yeasts on leaf surfaces as bioindicator of air pollution

Grant holder: Guilherme Amstalden ValariniSupervisor: Itamar Soares de MeloInstitution: Embrapa Environment / Brazilian AgriculturalResearch Corporation (Embrapa)Process 2004/10904-5

Study of the relationship leaf necroses indicators of atmospheric ozone and antioxidant defenses in leaves of nicotianaTabacum bel-W3 under the effect of the urban air pollution of São Paulo

Grant holder: Fabiana Kelly MendesSupervisor: Sílvia Ribeiro de SouzaInstitution: Institute of Botany / São Paulo State Ministryof the EnvironmentProcess 2004/03167-4

Development of automated processes employing flux analysis for the determinationof total nitrogen and phosphorus dissolvedin samples from the Amazon river

Grant holder: Carla Carrara FracassiSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/07676-8

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Seed rain in a tropical mountain forest on the São Paulo Plateau

Grant holder: Mariana Brando Balazs da Costa FariaSupervisor: Luciana Ferreira AlvesInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/09823-5

Study of the relative importance of the degree of connectivity and of the structure of the vegetation for the small mammal community in woodedfragments of the Atlantic Rainforest

Grant holder: Sérgio Marques de SouzaSupervisor: Renata PardiniInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/02126-7

Effects of the fragmentation of the AtlanticRainforest – investigating the importance of the size of the fragment and of the quality of the habitat in the structuring of the small mammal community

Grant holder: Ricardo Braga NetoSupervisor: Renata PardiniInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/02125-0

Influence of urbanization on the biogeo-chemistry of two mesoscale hydrographicbasins in the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Felipe Cristiano AlvesSupervisor: Plínio Barbosa de CamargoInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/04813-9

Photosynthesis response in relation to foliar temperature and availability of CO2

in young Copaifera langsdorffii plants

Grant holder: Leonnardo Lopes FerreiraSupervisor: Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis PradoInstitution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health/ Federal

University of São Carlos (UFSCar)Process 2000/11839-1

Influence of the connectivity of the landscape on seed dispersal in fragments of the Atlantic tropical forest – pilot project

Grant holder: Regina de Azevedo Soares AlonsoSupervisor: Vânia Regina PivelloInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/14606-8

Influence of the connectivity of the land-scape on seed dispersal in fragments of theAtlantic tropical forest – pilot project

Grant holder: Daniela Petenon BarbosaSupervisor: Vânia Regina PivelloInstitution: Institute of Biosciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/14605-1

Photosynthesis response in relation to different concentrations of CO2

in two wooded species of cerrado in the dry and rainy seasons

Grant holder: José Alberto Fernandez MonteiroSupervisor: Carlos Henrique Britto de Assis PradoInstitution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health/ FederalUniversity of São Carlos (UFSCar)Process 2000/10910-4

Occupation and use of land in the hydrographic basin of the Ji-Paraná (Rondônia): socio-economic-agricultural survey

Grant holder: Renata MarconatoSupervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (Cena) /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/09030-0

Concentration of organic and inorganic carbon dissolved in small tributaries of the basin of the river Piracicaba (SP)

Grant holder: Alexandra Ayres Montebelo

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Supervisor: Reynaldo Luiz VictoriaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (Cena) /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/03500-2

Atmospheric pollution and mortality in the municipality of São Paulo: the role of the matrix of automobile fuels

Grant holder: Renata KrellingSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 1995/05087-7

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Engineering


Concentrations of chemical species released during the combustion of biomas in the Amazon Forest

João Andrade de Carvalho JúniorGuaratinguetá School of Engineering / São Paulo StateUniversity (Unesp)Process 2002/08964-4Term: Mar/2003 to May/2007

Our work proposes, by means of experiments ofcombustion of biomass in the laboratory and in thefield, to: a) cover an extensive range of combustibles, atleast 10 most abundant species in a region of theAmazon Forest, in a strip of types of biomass (litter,branches, trunks); b) deduce tendencies and parame-ters of value to predict emissions in the combustion ofbiomass; how the emissions of certain types of biomassvary with the humidity, wind direction and oxygensupply; c) undertake detailed analysis in respect of thecalibration of the instruments and their maintenance(to produce data of quality); d) to undertake elementalanalysis of quality in the combustible and in the ash, atleast for C, H, and N, and possibly for other elements(S, P, CI, Br, I).

Phytomonitoring and modeling of photosynthesis in Hymenaea courbaril(jatobá)

Antônio Mauro SaraivaPolytechnic SchoolUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/08046-2Term: Nov/2001 to Dec/2003

The quantification of absorption of CO2 by forestsor other ecosystems is a complex task due to the diver-se factors involved. On the other hand this quantifica-tion is necessary, whether for the purposes of scientificstudies of the balance of CO2, or for an economic moti-ve such as that of clean development mechanisms. Toassist in the solution to this problem this project propo-ses the development of a model for predicting liquidphotosynthesis and stomatal conductance, at the levelof leaf, in Hymenaea courbaril (jatobá). The techniquesused for the modeling will be that of artificial neuralnetworks. To achieve the proposed objective, monito-ring will be undertaken of phytophysiological variables(liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpi-ration, leaf temperature, leaf area and fluorescence)and environmental variables (active photosynthetic

radiation, relative air humidity, air temperature andconcentration of atmospheric CO2) throughout oneyear. With part of this data the modeling will be under-taken and with the other part evaluation of the modelwill be undertaken.

Effects of levels of CO2 and doses of potassium applied via irrigation water to the melon crop (Cucumis melo L.)in protected environment

José Antônio FrizzoneLuiz de Queiroz Advanced School of AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/11668-2Term: Mar/2001 to Feb/2003

The objective of this project is to study the isolatedeffect and the effect of the combination of four levels ofCO2 (control 600, 800 and 1000 mmol CO2/ mol) andof four doses of potassium (100, 200, 300 and 400 kg ofK2O/ha) on the net melon (Cucumis melo L.) cultivatedin greenhouse and drip-irrigated. The layout will berandom blocks in a scheme of strips, with 16 treat-ments and four repetitions, resulting from the combi-nation between the levels of CO2 and doses of K2O. TheCO2 will be applied daily, and the K2O, every three days.Parameters to be evaluated: photosynthetic rate, nutri-tional state of the plants, productivity, quality of thefruit and efficiency of the use of water in the meloncrop cultivated in protected environment.

Energy efficiency and sustainability: evaluation of the thermal performance ofcoverings and of the behavior of transparentmaterials in relation to solar radiation

Lucila Chebel LabakiSchool of Civil Engineering, Architecture and UrbanismCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1999/11097-6Term: Nov/2000 to Aug/2004

Coverings and transparent surfaces merit specialattention when dealing with thermal comfort of buil-dings, since they are elements vulnerable to considera-ble heat gain, especially in places with a great amountof insolation, as is the case in Brazil. Transparent surfa-ces also have to meet the needs of illumination, whichwhen conjugated with the requirements for thermalcomfort, guarantee the energy efficiency of the buil-ding. The present work aims to study the behavior ofthese two elements through measurements of prototy-

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pes. It is intended to evaluate the thermal performanceboth of combinations of ceilings and roofing existingon the market as well as experimental elements whichare being developed in the Civil ConstructionLaboratory of the Department of Architecture at theSão Carlos School of Engineering. These experimentalcoverings address the concept of sustainability, in thatthere is an effort to use materials derived from renewa-ble resources, which require the least amount of energypossible, both in the sourcing phase and in the proces-sing phase. With reference to the transparent materials,it is also intended to study the thermal and luminousbehavior in loco of glasses, polycarbonates and solarcontrol films, characterized in previous research.

Combustion of material of different sizes in ground fires in tropical forests

João Andrade de Carvalho JúniorNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MST)Process 1998/00104-9Term: May/1998 to Mar/2008

The objectives of the project are: to investigate inthe field and in the laboratory the characteristics of fla-meless combustion (incandescence/smoldering) oftrunks of Brazilian biomass; to investigate in the fieldthe limits of flammability of the forest adjacent to anarea of biomass burning; to investigate in the field thecombustion efficiency of burning biomass.

Geoenvironmental zoning as an aid to environmental management of hydrographic basins

José Eduardo RodriguesSão Carlos School of Engineering University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/12794-7Term: Mar/1998 to Oct/2000

This project seeks to provide a contribution to therefinement of programs of environmental manage-ment of hydrographic basins in operation in the Stateof São Paulo. The objective is to develop, and apply in abasin, a work method that permits the evaluation of thevulnerability of the physical environment and the actualstage of environmental degradation. For the develop-ment of the research we will retrieve the already existinginformation, which will be analyzed in conjunctionwith other data obtained by means of field surveys and

laboratory trials. This analysis will involve the proces-sing of satellite images and consequent treatment in aGeographical Information System (GIS). The proposalinvolves a regional study, which permits hierarchiza-tion, in the environmental context, of the microbasinsof a hydrographic basin and a quantitative study, aimedat the microbasins, which includes the evaluation of thequality of the waters in tributary canals and in freeaquifers. The final product should be the geoenviron-mental zoning of the terrain.

Monitoring and characterization of atmospheric particles in the city of São Carlos, central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Wanda Maria de CarvalhoCenter for Exact Sciences and TechnologyFederal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)Process 1997/11615-1Term: Jan/1998 to Jan/2000

The project consists in the development of metho-dology for the chemical analysis of samples of atmos-pheric particulate material, using techniques of induc-tively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES), analysis of C and S by LECO element analy-zer and X-ray diffraction. This characterization is partof a monitoring and quantification project of the par-ticulate material load in the region of São Carlos.

Characteristics of the combustion of biomass in tropical forest burnings

João Andrade de Carvalho JúniorNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MST)Process 1996/11742-0Term: Mar/1997 to Nov/1998

One of the areas of activity of the LCP/Inpe is theproject Chemistry of the Atmosphere, the main thrust ofwhich is to reveal the effects on the atmosphere of theproducts of combustion generated by ground fires intropical forests. The project is being undertaken withinthe ambit of the institutional Amazon project andincludes research activity on micro-ground fires, car-ried out at premises belonging to the LCP, and onground fires in the field, in forest regions. The objecti-ves of the proposed project are: a) to carry out newexperiments aimed at obtaining data relative to theemission of products of combustion in the atmosphe-

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re, due to biomass burnings; b) to establish equationsfor Brazilian biomass burnings.

Biomass burning experiments in the Amazon region

João Andrade de Carvalho JúniorNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MST)Process 1993/04753-8Term:Apr/1994 to Apr/1996

The research intends to carry out two experimentsof biomass burning in the Amazon region, one of themin Tailândia or Tomé Açu, south of Belém, and theother in the Tropical Silviculture Reserve of theNational Institute for Research in Amazonia (Inpa), tothe north of Manaus.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT

OF ADVANCED INTERNET (TIDIA)

Research WebLabs in environmental services

Antônio Mauro SaraivaPolytechnic SchoolUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/08134-4Term: Feb/2005 to Nov/2008

The use of advanced internet for the carrying out ofexperiments remotely will provide a qualitative leap inthe research carried out on different aspects of environ-mental services. This project proposes the developmentof an infrastructure of advanced internet applicationsin the services of pollination and photosynthesis. Withregard to pollination, it is proposed to monitor andcontrol colonies of melipona bees to evaluate the flightactivity and the thermoregulation in the colonies. Inaddition to the collection of numerical data the experi-ments will involve videos and/or images for analysis ofthe behavior of the insects. It is further proposed toapply monitoring and remote control of greenhouseswhich, in the future, will be used in experiments onpollination in protected cultivation. With regard tophotosynthesis, it is proposed to apply the WebLabconcept for the monitoring and remote control ofexperiments in the absorption of CO2 in CO2 chamberswith enriched atmosphere and in greenhouses in con-trolled conditions.

GRANTS

POST-DOCTORATE

Study of the techniques of remote sensingbased on dealing with the monitoring ofindustrial atmospheric emissions

Grant holder: Juliana SteffensSupervisor: Roberto GuardaniInstitution: Polytechnic School / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2008/50173-0

Modified carbon nanomaterials for applications in clean energy systems

Grant holder: Eveline de RobertisSupervisor: Demétrio Bastos NettoInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MST)Process 2007/59997-3

Perspectives in the Brazilian energy marketin the light of the Kyoto mechanisms

Grant holder: Miriam Liliana Hinostroza SuarezSupervisor: Ildo Luís SauerInstitution: Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/11158-4

Monitoring and characterization of atmospheric particles in the city of São Carlos, central region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil

Grant holder: Wanda Maria de CarvalhoInstitution: Center for Exact Sciences and Technology /Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)Process 1997/11616-8

DOCTORATE

Methodology for the evaluation of the emission of greenhouse gases produced in the life cycle of the fronts of commercial premises

Grant holder: Vanessa Montoro TaborianskiSupervisor: Racine Tadeu Araújo Prado

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Institution: Polytechnic School / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/04034-3

Bolometric sensors for the THZ band in focal planes of radiation collectors formeteorological and solar applications

Grant holder: Arline Maria MeloSupervisor: José Alexandre DinizInstitution: School of Electrical Engineering and Computing /Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2004/07835-1

Monitoring of concentration and characterization of the morphological structure of particulate material suspended in the atmosphere

Grant holder: Wanda Batista de AmorimSupervisor: Meuris Gurgel Carlos da SilvaInstitution: School of Chemical Engineering / Campinas StateUniversity (Unicamp)Process 2000/09091-9

Study of the impact on the atmosphericemission of NOx, CO, SOXE HC from thereplacement of gasoline and diesel withnatural gas in the fleet of taxis and buses inthe municipality of São Paulo

Grant holder: Luz Zoraida Dondero VillanuevaSupervisor: José GoldembergInstitution: Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/00877-0

Estimate of the dynamic of the index of foliar area in a hydrographic basin by means of remote sensing

Grant holder: Alexandre Cândido XavierSupervisor: Carlos Alberto VettorazziInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/14499-5

Experimental analysis of the phenomena ofcombustion and of the emission of gases ininternal combustion engines using mixturesof alcohol and gasoline as a fuel

Grant holder: Felipe Soto PauSupervisor: Antônio Moreira dos SantosInstitution: São Carlos School of Engineering / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/13542-4

Effects of levels of CO2 and of doses of potassium applied via irrigation water to melon crops (Cucumis melo L.)in protected environment

Grant holder: Silvana da Silva CardosoSupervisor: José Antônio FrizzoneInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/12697-4

Hydrological and climatic effects of forestplantations in areas of Cerrado

Grant holder: Sílvio Dias Pereira NetoSupervisor: Arthur MattosInstitution: São Carlos School of Engineering / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/06639-1

Effect of climatic conditions on the quality of natural rubber in rubber tree plantations in Votuporanga, São Paulo

Grant holder: Rogério Manoel Biagi MorenoSupervisor: Luiz Henrique Capparelli MattosoInstitution: Embrapa Agricultural Instrumentation / BrazilianAgricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)Process 1998/04878-9

Influence of vegetation in urban thermalcomfort and in the built-up environment

Grant holder: Carolina Lotufo Bueno BartholomeiSupervisor: Lucila Chebel LabakiInstitution: School of Civil Engineering, Architecture andUrbanism / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1997/12805-9

Study of the atmospheric environmentalcontamination and of surface waters usingEnergy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence(EDXRF) and by Total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF)

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Grant holder: Edson MatsumotoSupervisor: Silvana MoreiraInstitution: School of Civil Engineering, Architecture andUrbanism / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1996/07093-7

Determination of the distribution of electrostatic charges in aerosols

Grant holder: Wiclef Dymurgo Marra JúniorSupervisor: José Renato CouryInstitution: Center for Exact Sciences and Technology /Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)Process 1996/01956-3

Investigation of rates of carbon dioxide generated in biomass burning in the Amazon region

Grant holder: Thaís Maia AraújoSupervisor: João Andrade de Carvalho JúniorInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MST)Process 1992/00950-0

MASTERS

Thermal comfort and planning of greenareas in Campinas, through measurementsof solar radiation transmitted

Grant holder: Larissa Lemos Fonseca de Lima e CastroSupervisor: Lucila Chebel LabakiInstitution: School of Civil Engineering, Architecture andUrbanism / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1996/07917-0


Contribution to the study of energy efficiency and economy of hydric resourcesin coupled systems of solar and electricalheating with residential use

Grant holder: Bruno Sarmiento dos SantosSupervisor: Alberto Luiz FrancatoInstitution: School of Civil Engineering, Architecture andUrbanism / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2008/05073-8

Study, development and application of a control system dedicated to the automatic positioning of solar modules for water heating, via sun tracking

Grant holder: Leandro Gonçalves de RezendeSupervisor: José Angelo CagnonInstitution: School of Engineering de Bauru / São Paulo StateUniversity (Unesp)Process 2007/59519-4

Evaluation of the concentrations of volatile organic compounds in the air of commercial gasoline stations in Espírito Santo do Pinhal (SP)

Grant holder: Danielle Gonçalves RodriguesSupervisor: Ana Cláudia Camargo de Lima TresmondiInstitution: Academic Pro-Rectory / Espírito Santo do PinhalRegional University Center (Unipinhal)Process 2007/53262-1

Experimental evaluation of the possibleinterference caused by global solar radiation and by the velocity of the flow of winds in different processes of air temperature measurement (recordings)

Grant holder: Marcos José de OliveiraSupervisor: Francisco Arthur da Silva VecchiaInstitution: São Carlos School of Engineering / University ofSão Paulo (USP)Process 2005/01792-1

Green rates, ecoefficiency and carbon creditsmarket in the petroleum and gas sector

Grant holder: Fábio CiriloSupervisor: José Antônio Perrella BalestieriInstitution: Guaratinguetá School of Engineering / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2005/01229-5

Propagation of fire on forest floors

Grant holder: Dayvis Dias da SilvaSupervisor: João Andrade de Carvalho JúniorInstitution: School of Engineering de Guaratinguetá / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2001/14189-0

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Estimate of photosynthetically active radiation in relation to global radiation in Jaboticabal, São Paulo

Grant holder: Claudenir Facincani FrancoSupervisor: José Eduardo Pitelli TurcoInstitution: Jaboticabal School of Agrarian and VeterinarySciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2000/11985-8

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Physics

THEMATIC PROJECTS

Physical and chemical interactions betweenthe biosphere and the atmosphere ofAmazonia in the LBA experiment

Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitute of PhysicsUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/11358-9Term: Aug/1998 to Jul/2002

This proposal implements studies on the physicaland chemical interactions at the biosphere-atmosphereinterface in Amazônia. It is an integrated part of theLarge Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment inAmazônia – LBA. It is one of the five components ofLBA: 1) Physical climate; 2) Carbon cycle and biogeo-chemistry; 3) Chemistry and physics of the atmosphe-re; 4) Hydrology and water chemistry; 5) numericalModeling.We are proposing to install and operate con-tinuously for four years three atmospheric monitoringstations at: 1) Tapajós National Forest; 2) Manaus; 3)São Gabriel da Cachoeira. These sites will have towersfrom the LBA experiment. At these sampling stationswe will measure several trace gases, including CO2,CH4, N20, CO, VOCS (Volatile Organic Carbon com-pounds), hydrocarbons, NOx, NOy and Ozone. Aerosolparticles will be studied in detail, with measurements ofaerosol composition and ionic content, size distribu-tion and optical properties, as well as organic and ele-mental carbon. In addition, precipitation compositionin terms of trace elements, ionic content, dissolved andtotal carbon will be measured, in order to obtain thewet deposition fluxes of essential nutrients. Continuosmeasurements of aerosol optical thickness with sun-photometers will allow a detailed study of the influen-ce of aerosol particles on the atmospheric radiationbudget. Intensive field studies will be performned twicea year, in the dry and wet season. At these intensivecampaigns, gaseous compounds and aerosol propertiesthat are difficult to measure continuously will be deter-mined. These campaigns will be runned in parallel withEuropeans and American groups that will take part inLBA, with the objective of to assimilate in Brazil thelarge amount of new knowledge that will be generated.Large-scale experiments using aircraft will allow basin-wide studies on the atmospheric composition and pro-perties. The atmospheric chemistry of VOCs, Nox andseveral oxidants will be studied from the pointo of viewof photochemistry processes and atmospheric carboncycling. Radiative transfer models will study the rela-tionship between aerosols and the radiative balance inthe dry and wet seasons. Biochemical models will workwith nutrient pools and fluxes, and will study the dry

and wet deposition fluxes of essential nutrients.Chemical-dynamic transport models will be developedfor the Amazon Basin, to integrate the atmosphericchemistry measurements with the large-scale transport.


Study of natural radiation and characterization in brazilian soil

Marcilei Aparecida Guazzelli da SilveiraFEI University Center São Bernardo do Campo Campus (Unifei)Process 2007/04663-3Term: Feb/2008 to Jan/2010

This project of research aims the study of the distri-bution of soil natural activity. The analysis will be per-formed in the bordering places of the city of São Paulo,initiating with the study of the natural radiation in thecity of São Bernardo do Campo, being later extendedfor other regions of the state of São Paulo. This researchwill supply the mapping of the natural radiation inseveral Brazilian regions. The contribution of the radia-tion will be evaluated to the dose mainly due to the iso-tope 40K, and the elements of the series of 238U and232Th. The results will be compared with internationalaverage values of dose due to the external exposition tothe gamma rays (0.48 mSv/yr) proceeding from terres-trial natural elements. With this project we intend toinitiate a pioneering activity, of scientific and socialimportance, with the use of the gamma ray spectros-copy technique, in the Centro Universitário da FEI. Thecollaboration with the Institute of Physics da USP willmake possible the transference of knowledge and scien-tific support in this specific area, in which already pos-ses wide experience.

Atmospheric aerosols in Amazonia: measured in long term, transport on large scale and effects on the atmosphericradioactive balance

Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitute of PhysicsUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/02672-9Term: Jul/1996 to Jun/1998

We intend to operate for two years three continuousatmospheric monitoring stations in the Amazon basin,located in Cuiabá (Mato Grosso), Alta Floresta (MatoGrosso) and Serra do Navio (Amapá). We will operate

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two new monitoring stations of atmospheric aerosolsin areas of primary tropical forest: to the north ofManaus and in Benjamim Constant, in Amazonia.These five stations will measure the total concentrationof aerosols, concentration of graphitic carbon andaround 22 elements (Na, Mg, AI, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti,V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, Rb, Zr, Pb) with thenuclear Particle Induced X-ray Emission (Pixe) analyti-cal technique. Analyses of trace elements with HighResolution Inductively Coupled Plasma – MassSpectrometry (HR ICP-MS) will also be carried out onthe aerosol samples. Continuous measurements ofoptical attenuation by means of five solar photometerswill also be carried out, for five different wavelengths.Models of atmospheric optical properties and the effectof the aerosol particles for the dry and rainy seasonswill be developed. Model of large scale atmospherictransport for understanding of the mass flux of aero-sols in the entire Amazon basin will be developed.Trajectories of air masses will be calculated for thewhole year, with a view to understanding the seasonalvariability of the transport processes on a large scale.The transport and the radioactive balance models willbe coupled to measurements effected, so as to obtain abroader understanding of the role of atmospheric aero-sols in diverse processes in the Amazon basin.

TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

IN SMALL BUSINESSES – PIPE

Development of a system to measure pollutant concentrations in the atmospherewith infrared lasers (CO2 and CO) by photo-acoustic spectroscopy

Edjar Martins TellesUnilaser Indústria e Comércio Ltda.Process 1997/07445-3Term: Jan/1998 to Nov/2001

This project proposes to develop an apparatus capa-ble of measuring concentrations in situ of several mole-cular species (pollutants) present in the atmospherewith a detection limit of 1 ppb (10-9) or less. Thisinvolves an apparatus that uses an infrared laser to exci-te the molecular species of interest, given that thedetection of the radiation absorbed is realized using thephoto-acoustic effect. Pollution of the atmosphere bymotor vehicles, factories, biomass burning and othersources, produces undesirable consequences both forhuman health and for the environment. The first stepin dimensioning the problem (and for its solution) isthe precise determination of the concentration of

diverse pollutants in the air, as well as their spatial andtemporal distribution. To this end, initially we will usea CO2 laser to develop the spectrometer. A laser whichis of considerable interest is that of CO, with which it ispossible to detect various pollutants deriving from thecombustion of gasoline and diesel oil. Objectives ofphase 1: the design of a photo-acoustic cell for gases tocarry out preliminary measurements for testing; cons-truction of a CO2 laser operating omn80 line, between9-11 m, with output power of 5-10 W. In phase 2: cons-truction of a photo-acoustic spectrometer for gasesusing CO2 laser; development of software for the analy-sis of samples and development of software for analysisof samples development of a CO laser and marketresearch.

GRANTS

POST-DOCTORATE

Characterization of gases and particles of aerosols in the Amazon atmosphere and their relationship with processes of transport and emissions from biomassburnings

Grant holder: Andrew George AllenInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/00453-7

DOCTORATE

Processes of transformation of aerosols in nuclei of cloud condensation in Amazonia and the influence of the secondary organic aerosols

Grant holder: Luciana Varanda RizzoSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/07835-6

Study of the radioactive forcing mechanisms of the aerosols in the Amazonregion due to the burning of biomass andnatural biogenic emissions

Grant holder: Aline Sarmento ProcópioSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/12867-0

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The effect of aerosol particles from ground fires on the radioactive balance of the atmosphere

Grant holder: José Vanderlei MartinsSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1993/05017-3

The development of nuclear analytical techniques applied to the study of ground fires in the Amazon Forest

Grant holder: Fábio GerabSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/02281-9

MASTERS

Modeling of physical and chemical properties of aerosols and their interactionswith trace gases in Amazonia

Grant holder: Luciana Varanda RizzoSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/09118-4

The quantitative determination of sources of particulate material in the atmosphere in the city of São Paulo

Grant holder: Andrea Dardes de Almeida CastanhoSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/00844-0


The analysis of individual particles of aerosols from Amazonia by sweepingelectronic microscopy


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Geosciences

THEMATIC PROJECTS

SMCos: System for the Monitoring and Study of Coastal Processes

Valdir InnocentiniNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2005/59438-9Term: Oct/2007 to Sep/2010

This project has the principal objective of studying,by means of numerical models, physical processeswhich act in the short, medium and long term on theevolution of the following coastal regions: 1)Massaguaçu; 2) Pecém; 3) Center-north coast of SantaCatarina; 4) Bay of Espírito Santo; 5) Center-south coastof Rio de Janeiro; 6) Amazon Estuary; and 7) Miraflores(Lima, Peru). To do this, we propose to develop a sys-tem, called SMCos – System for the Monitoring andStudy of Coastal Processes -, consisting of numericalmodels in the public domain: atmospheric (WRF);hydrodynamic (POM); maritime agitation (WWATCHand SWAN); and transport of sediments (ECOMSEDand MOHID). The principal questions and objectivesdealt with in this project are: 1) to characterize the wavepatterns with identification with meteorological pheno-mena; 2) to evaluate the effect of the local features in theregime of incident wave; 3) to evaluate the changes inthe pattern of waves and transport of sediments due tohuman interference (engineering works); 4) to validate,compare and analyze critically the results of the models;5) to evaluate the effect of the EI Niño phenomenon onthe wave regime; and 6) to study in detail cases of seve-re storms. The SMCos, in addition to permitting thestudy of the pattern of maritime agitation and of thecurrents in the regions mentioned, will be useful tostudy how local conditions, natural or due to humaninterference, affect the properties of factors responsiblefor the transport of sediments.

Studies on the predictability of extrememeteorological events in the Serra do Mar

Chou Sin ChanNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2004/09649-0Term: Sep/2005 to Aug/2009

Serra do Mar is a region of strategic importance forthe State of São Paulo, both for sustainable develop-ment, and for being home to remaining portions of theAtlantic Rainforest, as well as for the economic deve-

lopment favored by railways, highways, pipelines andindustrial and port installations. However, this regionexperiences recurring landslides on its slopes, causingconsiderable damage and several deaths. These eventsare of an hydrometeorological nature associated with amountain region with steep slopes and subjected toanthropic action. The present project aims to develop asystem of monitoring and forecasting of risks for theSerra do Mar region. To this end, it consists of six sub-projects called: 1) “Atmospheric modeling in high reso-lution of extreme events in the Serra do Mar”; 2)“Coupling of an atmospheric model to a hydrologicalmodel “; 3) “Characteristics of convective systemswhich result in extreme events in the Serra do Mar”; 4)“Large scale characteristics associated with extremeevents in the Serra do Mar”; 5) “Development of asemi-automatic system of forecasts and hydrometeoro-logical information to support the management ofenvironmental risks and disasters in the Serra do Mar”;6) “Impact of the information from telemetric stationsfor the collection of geotechnical and hydrometeorolo-gical data in the numerical forecasting for the Serra doMar”. The large scale atmospheric environment thatconfigures situations of risk will be identified using cal-culations of atmospheric parameters and by groupingtechniques. The monitoring of the development, dislo-cation and evolution of the precipitant clouds will usesatellite images and detection techniques of the mor-phological characteristics of the clouds with large verti-cal development. This technique will produce veryshort term forecasts, less than 12 h, known as“Nowcasting”. Forecasts of winds supplied by the meso-scale model could extend the forecasting period of con-vective precipitant clouds. The critical events will besimulated by the Eta atmospheric model and TOPOGhydrological model. In these simulations we will testhigher horizontal and vertical resolutions, approxima-tion of the dynamic (hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic),the parameterizations of convective and stratiformclouds (microphysics) and the sensitivity of the modelto different types of surface cover. These simulationsare aimed at obtaining better configuration and adjus-tment of the model to produce forecasts up to 72 hoursin advance. The TOPOG model will produce stream-flow forecasts and will indicate risks of landslides andfloods using the data observed. This model will be cou-pled to the atmospheric model aiming to obtain betterrain and streamflow forecasts. The joint forecast willprovide the probability of the occurrence of an event.We propose to increase the network of automatic sta-tions with measurements in real time to capture the seawinds, the rains, the level of some of the more criticalrivers in the region and the indication of risks. Thesemeasurements will help not only in the monitoring ofthe rains, but also in the better adjustment of the

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numerical models and greater understanding of thephenomena. A database with socioeconomic informa-tion and information on the surface cover will beimplemented. This information will be combined withthe measurements in real time and with the numericalforecasts and will be available on the internet through asystem of georeferenced information, so that theregions and situations of risk can be more easily identi-fied. By way of final product, it is hoped to have a sys-tem for monitoring and forecasting risks in the regionof the Serra do Mar.

Brazilian component of the South American low level jet east of the Andesfield experiment: interaction in Meso and Large scale between the Amazon and La Plata River Basins

José Antônio Marengo OrsiniNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2001/13816-1Term: May/2002 to Jun/2006

This project is part of a broader international researchagenda of the Variability of American Monsoon Sys-tems (VAMOS) and its component Monsoon Experi-ment in South America (MESA), which are sponsoredby the Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR)Program of the World Meteorologicall Organization(WMO). The proposed field experiment is also relevantto the observational and scientific activities in the con-tinental scale experiment basins of the hydrographicbasins of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experi-ment (GEWEX) that includes the Amazon and La PlataRiver basins. In the context of VAMOS and MESA, theregional experiment on South American Low Level JetEast of the Andes (SALLJ) is basically dedicated to fieldobservations and modeling studies of moisture trans-port between the Amazon and La Plata basins. There aresome observational evidences as well as modeling stu-dies that how that the Low Level Jet East of the Andes(hereafter, LLJ) is responsible for most of the moistureand energy transport between these two basins. TheSALLJ field experiment has regional components ineach country involved (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile,Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and United States), and someof them already have secured or are looking for fundsfrom international institutions as well as US agencies.The current proposal is directed to obtain funding forthe Brazilian component of the SALU for the imple-mentation of the Brazilian component of the LLJ fieldexperiment (SALLJ-Brazil), and the observational andmodeling studies associated to it. The involvement of

scientists from institutions São Paulo (CPTEC/INPE,USP-IAG, CTA and IPMET), with the collaboration ofresearchers from Alagoas, Pará, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro,Acre, Rondônia and from countries of the southeasternregion of South America plus the United States, willprovide an starting point in a series of detailed andhigh resolution surface, upper-air and remote sensingobservation, and will allow to get some answers to thisscience question: what is the role of the LU on themoisture transport from the Amazon to the La Platabasins? More specific science questions include: 1) howis the synoptic variability of the: LLJ ?, what is the roleof the synoptic forcing associated with upper-level wes-terly flow?, is the Chaco Low Important in the modula-tion of the LLJ?, what is the role of the heat source asso-ciated to latent heat release versus senible heat on theBolivian Altiplano and in Amazonia/West CentralBrazil?; 2) what is the spatial structure and time varia-bility from diurnal to intrasasonal time scales?, what isthe role of the LLJ in the intraseasonal variability ofprecipitation along the ZCAS?, what is the role of theLLJ in the dynamics of the Mesoscale ConvectiveComplexes over the La Plata Basin?, what is the depen-dence of the diurnal cycle of in the Andean Region tothe east of the Andes in relation to the LLJ?; 3) how isthe interuannual variability of the LLJ?, what is thedependence of the LLJ in relation to SST anomalies inthe Pacific and Atlantic?; 4) do the atmospheric modelsreproduce adequately the spatial and temporal structu-re of the LLJ at different time and space scales?, is thereany difference in the representation of the LLJ in termsof the vertical and horizontals discretization of thenumérical models?; 5) what is the coupling between theoccurrence or not of LLJ episodes and rainfall in theAndean region, east of the Andes, and southern Brazil-northern Argentina?; 6) what satellite based techniquesand monitoring describe adequately the spatial structu-re and temporal variability of the LLJ? The extensionand upgrading of the current observational networkwill allow for better and more frequent surface andupper-air directed towards a better understanding ofthe LLJ, based on a combination of observation andmonitoring of circulation and fluxes associated to theLLJ, complemented by regional and global models.

Radiation, cloud and climate interactions in the Amazon during the Dry-To-Wet transition season/LBA

Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/06908-7Term: May/2002 to Aug/2008

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The scientific questions and objectives of the pre-sent proposal are based on an integrated view of thephysical environment of the Amazon region and its rolein global climate. The project has as a general objectivethe understanding of the processes controlling thetransition season in southwest Amazonia. Specificallythe main scientific questions are: What is the compara-tive impact of remote climate forcing and of the regio-nal effects of biomass burning generated aerosol on thebeginning of the rainy season? Is the local effect ofaerosol more significant through its radiative impact orthrough cloud microphysical processes? What are thefeedback mechanisms between the Amazon region andthe global climate, specifically in the transition season?How does the surface heterogeneity influence verticalmotion and cloud formation? What is the effect ofthese processes on the regional and long distant trans-port of heat, moisture, trace gases and aerosol? Are thepresently available models good enough to be used inthe analysis of future scenarios of different land use andof climate change? With these questions as a frame-work, the specific objectives are: describe the global andlarge scale controls of the beginning of the rainy seasonin the Amazon Region; describe the impact of convec-tion in the Amazon region on the global and regionalclimate in the transition season; describe the transitionseason in terms of cloud pattern evolution and aerosolconcentration; describe the weather systems and airmass evolution during the transition from the dry towet season; analyze the several convective features ofthe Amazon region in the transition season includinglife cycle, rainfall intensity, lightning, dynamics andthermodynamics; analyze the relationship betweenCCN and convective patterns; describe the temperatu-re inversion equilibrium in the presence of a mixedlayer with aerosol and its evolution after the first majorrains; describe the evolution of the PBL during thetransition season as a function of soil moisture and ofevapotranspiration; describe the surface and PBLradiative budget before, during and after the beginningof the rainy season, over forest and over pasture; des-cribe the impact of land cover heterogeneity on PBLand surface layer turbulence during the transition sea-son; describe the evolution of surface energy, momen-tum, water and CO2 budgets in pasture and forest andits seasonal and interannual variability; analyze theradiative transfer processes in the presence of aerosoland to what extent they modify the processes associa-ted to water vapor seasonality; describe the microphy-sics processes with different aerosol concentration;improve the ability to model the different processes inan integrated view of climate and regional weather.The specific objectives above involve different observa-tional activities and numérical modeling strategy indifferent scales.

Organization and hydrobiogeochemical functioning of lateritic coverings inAmazonia

Adolpho José MelfiLuiz de Queiroz Advanced School of AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/01447-1Term: Aug/1996 to Apr/2000

The Amazon basin is the biggest area of the worldcovered by rain forest and lateritic soil. There is a gro-wing concern about extensive land clearing in the basinwich might alterete the climate and the productivity ofthe soils. However, are still poorly understood and onlyknown through dispersed pedológical and hydrológicalstudies. The project is a first attempt to link soil distri-bution in the Amazon lateritic landscapes to weathe-ring and pedogenetic processes as well as to water flowand water quality. Soil distribution at subcatchementscale and the scale of the whole Amazon basin is prin-cipally deduced from the broad scale soil maps of theradamBrasil project. Therefore our actual knowledgeon soil distribution and soil water processes were usedto propose in the project a conceptual soil-water lands-cape model for the laterites of the Amazon basin withstrong emphasis on natural land degradation. Themodel illustrates in seven superimposed cross sectionsthe morphológical change of the uppermost lateritesdue to sncient and/or recent expansion of waterloggedáreas in the landscape. Soil changes under aquic condi-tions are linked to the successive developement of thefollowing processes: 1) redistribution and exportationof iron; 2) exportation of si and al and 3) redistributionand exportation of organic matter and iron-clay resi-due. By activating the geochemical erosion, these pro-cesses modify the morphology of the landscape. Theyalso reduce the productivity of the soil, increase theelectrolyte load ground watertables and rivers. The pro-ject also tend to demonstrate that the Amazon lateriteshave been placed into desiquilibrium in reponse toregional environmental conditions thereby developingsevere land degradation problems at specific places inthe basin. It is suggested that human activities will acce-lerate land degradation by activating pre-existing pro-cesses. Accordingly the model and the soil maps couldbe used in the future by land and water supply mana-gers to develop more efficient manegement strategiesaccording to conditions of increasing land degradation.The objective of the project is carry out detailed pedo-lógical and hidro-geochemical investigations at fourkey sites representatives of the main lateritic soil lands-capes of the Amazon basin in order to 1) validate ormodify the global soil-water landscape model sugges-ted in the project; 2) better chacaracterise the processes

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involved in the transformation of these landscapes and3) state whereas these processes are ancient or stillocurring nowadays.

Meteorology and atmospheric pollution in São Paulo

Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/01403-4Term: May/1998 to Jul/2003

It is proposed to carry out this project with the fol-lowing broad themes: 1) meteorological aspects in theMetropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP) during thewinter; 2) atmospheric circulation in São Paulo and thetransport of ozone: simulation of the photochemicalproduction of pollutants; 3) study of the pollutants inthe aerosol phase, the study of the species of primaryand secondary origin including removal processes; 4)study of the influence of anticyclone blocking on thewinter conditions in the State of São Paulo; 5) theatmospheric aerosol and its interaction with solar irra-diance in São Paulo.

Summer rainfall in São Paulo, Brazil

Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1993/00545-1Term: Dec/1993 to Jan/1998

The project deals with a basic problem related toweather forecasting in the region where the city of SãoPaulo is located: the large amounts of rainfall in sum-mer which often lead to floods. Rainfall monitoringand its evolution are analysed from the global and largescale perspective by studying the remote influences(teleconnections) and the synoptic systems associatedto enhanced rainfall events, and the mesoscale wherethe formation of convective systems forced by local cir-culations (topography and land/sea contrasts). Thisgoals are achieved through the use of numérical simu-lations, diagnostic analysis using data form the opera-tional networks, global analysis, and remote sensingproducts from radar and satellite. Results form obser-vational campaigns conducted in the past (RADASPProject – FAPESP) are used to test the validity of the

numérical simulations. The regional mesoscale mode-ling system – RAMS – is used for the limited area simu-lations; global simplified models are used for the tele-connections. The tradition of the group in researchinvolving large scale and mesoscale atmospheric dyna-mics as well as in remote sensing techniques is the basisfor the present work. the main focus of the presentwork is the South Atlantic convergence zone – SACZ:its relationship with other tropical heat sources like theSouth Pacific convergence zone – SPCZ, the intertropi-cal convergence zone – ITCZ, and the Amazon convec-tion; its climatology and diurnal variation; its relations-hip with orographic intensification of rainfall; theformation of enhanced convection embedded in strati-form regions; the influence of surface processes; thefine structure of the associated precipitation.


Controls of the Atlantic Rainforest on the local and regional climate

Carlos Afonso NobreNational Institute for Space ResearchMinistry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2008/50285-3Term: Jul/2008 to Jun/2010

This proposal intends to investigate the control ofthe forest of the Serra do Mar on the local regional cli-mate, by means of precise measurements of the localprocesses (surface and local fluxes) on an area of theAtlantic Rainforest in an instrumented microbasin inthe southeast of the State of São Paulo. The proposalwill benefit from complementary micrometeorologicalmeasurements from a tower for measuring turbulentfluxes implemented in the thematic project Composi-tion, structure and functioning of the forest in the Serrado Mar State Park, a Sodar deriving from a partnershipestablished between the University of São Paulo andPetrobras. These measurements will be carried out inparallel with the results of the FAPESP project Balanceof carbon in the Atlantic Rainforest through biometricand micrometeorological measurements and a networkof meteorological stations from the project Study of thepredictability of extreme events in the Serra do Marwith a view to refining the knowledge of the dynamic ofthe exchanges of water and carbon in the AtlanticRainforest, together with data on the vertical profile ofwind and temperature obtained with the help of aSodar. The body of information collected will promotethe validation of atmospheric models and the carrying

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out of simulations tackling the question of control ofthe Atlantic Rainforest on local and regional climateand will try to establish what is the magnitude of theforest’s contribution to the climatic regime (temperatu-re and precipitation) on a local and regional scale andwhether deforestation or the introduction of newforms of land use (pastures, eucalyptus, etc.) could alterthe local and regional climate pattern.

The carbon balance over an area of Atlantic Rainforest with micrometeorologicaland biometrical measurements

Humberto Ribeiro da RochaInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/57465-4Term: Apr/2008 to Mar/2010

To understand and quantify the patterns of produc-tivity and functionality of tropical forests with respectto climate signifies increasing the predictability of thestate of the ecosystems and of their environmental ser-vices. The projections of increase in temperature andvariability of rainfall in South America in the comingdecades point to scenarios which promote new states ofequilibrium and areas of potential occupation of forestand cerrados, including the Atlantic Rainforest. Thisregion does not have integrated hydroclimatic informa-tion and information on the carbon cycle obtained withmodern techniques which make it possible to track thebiophysical rhythms in progress with the potentialchanges in environment and climate. The micrometeo-rological approach to estimate the Liquid Flux of CO2 inthe Ecosystem (FLE) is a sum of three contributions: theturbulent flux (or eddy covariance), the vertical non-turbulent flux (accumulation or removal of CO2) andthe vertical and horizontal advective flux. In the areas ofgentle topography the first two terms respond for thegreater variance of the FLE, and in regions of valleys andmountains the estimate of the advective term is impera-tive. This proposal intends to study an area of theAtlantic Rainforest, in the Serra do Mar in SP, plannedunder a multidisciplinary investigation with high tech-nical detailing, to implement a system for measuringadvective atmospheric fluxes of CO2, in parallel with themeasurement of variation in the stocks of carbon usingbiometrical techniques, taking advantage also of thedata from a flux tower implemented in the thematicproject Composition, structure and functioning of theforest in the Serra do Mar State Park.

Study of natural fires in the Cerrado

Helena FrançaPro-Rectory of Research and Post-graduationUniversity of Taubaté (Unitau)Process 2007/55843-1Term: Mar/2008 to Feb/2010

Natural fires started by atmospheric dis`charges arecommon events in several regions of the world. Theyform a part of those ecosystems and have already beenwell studied and documented in other countries. InBrazil there is evidence that natural fires are frequent inthe Cerrado, although they remain practically unk-nown to science. Fire in the Cerrado is considered anatural disturbance and integral to its dynamic and thenatural fires may be important for the maintenance ofthe ecological processes and the biodiversity, especiallyin the conservation units (CU). This project intends toinvestigate the occurrence of natural fires in the cerra-dos in the following National Parks: Serra da Canastra(PNSCa), Emas (PNE), Brasília (PNB) and Serra doCipó (PNSCi), characterizing the biotic and abiotic fac-tors involved in these events. The quantification andphysical characterization of the bolts of lightning thatstrike the parks will be determined with data from theBrazilian Network for the Detection of AtmosphericDischarges (BrasilDat). Meteorological data from allareas of study will also be used. In the PNSCa and PNEthe combustible materials will be characterized accor-ding to the class of vegetation, diameter, time elapsedsince the last fire and the accumulation of biomass.Physical aspects of the landscape such as topographyand the presence of barriers (rivers, roads) to the pro-pagation of the fire will also be considered. The datawill be integrated, processed and analyzed in aGeographical Information System (GIS). It is hoped tounderstand the interactions between the occurrence ofbolts of lightning, combustibles, weather and landscapeconditions in these parks. The results will contribute tounderstanding the dynamic of fire in the Cerrado andthe electrical characteristics of the storms in thoseareas. It will also provide important information for themanagement plans of these parks, aimed at conserva-tion of remnants of the Cerrado.

Reconstruction of vegetation and climatesince the middle Holocene in Brazil

Luiz Carlos Ruiz PessendaCenter for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture

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University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/03615-5Term: Mar/2008 to Feb/2011

It is intended to develop in the southeastern andnorthern Brazil, a comparative study involving paleoenvironmental records (vegetation, climate and dyna-mics of the marine level) since the mid Holocene (~last 6000 years and when possible in secular resolu-tion), using pollen, isotopes (C and N) and geochemi-cal analyses of lacustrine sediments and peat bogs, withthe possibility of associating biológical tracers as dia-toms and sponge spicules, when it will have the presen-ce of the same ones. Through the association of thesepaleoenvironmental studies with recent climatic eventsthat occurred in the North Hemisphere(for example,Warm Medieval Period (WMP), Litte Ice Age (LIA),etc., it is also the objective of a better understanding ofthe dynamics of transport of humidity between theregions north and southeast of Brazil, associated withthe displacements of the ITCZ (Inter TropicalConvergence Zone) and of the ZCSA (Zone ofConvergence of the South Atlantic) during the empha-sized period, as well as the influence of these in theevents of cold-fronts, etc.

Mapping environmental indicators andremote sensing and GIS techniques appliedto coastal regions – study case: Santos/SãoVicente estuarine system, São Paulo

Luís Américo ContiSchool of Arts, Sciences and HumanitiesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/02419-8Term: Dec/2007 to Nov/2009

This project examines the evolutive characteristicsof an impacted tropical estuary (Santos/São Vicenteregion, São Paulo state) providing opportunities toassess the cumulative impact of environmental changesand their consequences on the land use/occupation. Toachieve this objective we propose the implementationand analysis of a geographically referenced database,temporal satellite images in order to select a set of tar-get areas where we will investigate the relationships bet-ween various environmental patterns such as localvegetation, human occupation and erosional and depo-sitional indicators. Based on the empirical relationshipsfound, the project assesses the utility of models of land-use patterns based on remote sensing as indicators ofenvironmental conditions, furthering the integration ofcausal factors into environmental monitoring frame-works for coastal zones.

Study of the influence of aerosol particlesemitted by ground fires on photosynthesis in Amazonia

Márcia Akemi YamasoeInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/56550-5Term: Feb/2007 to Jan/2009

The burning of biomass emits a large quantity ofgases and aerosol particles into the atmosphere. Theparticles interact with solar radiation, spreading outand absorbing, in such a way as to diminish the totalquantity available on the surface and increasing the dif-fuse fraction. Such alterations in the profile of radiationaffect the balance of radiation and the turbulent fluxesof sensible and latent heat and can affect photosynthe-sis. The principal objective of this research project is tocontinue with the study of the effect of aerosol particlesemitted by burning in Amazonia on the photosynthesisof a primary tropical forest. It is also intended to eva-luate whether the high concentrations of ozone, ano-ther subproduct of the fires, affect the photosynthesisprocess.

Evaluation of air quality for ozone in themetropolitan region of Campinas

Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/54356-7Term: Apr/2007 to Mar/2009

It is proposed to study the meteorological chemicalfactors and emissions, which determine the air qualityin the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (RMC), espe-cially the formation of ozone, with the possibility ofindices of air quality for that pollutant. The motivationfor carrying out this work comes from the preliminaryresults obtained by Cetesb in the monitoring of ozone,carried out during the first 11 months of 2003, inAmericana (40 km from Campinas), which classifiedfor that period the air of that city as being the secondmost polluted by ozone in the interior of the State ofSão Paulo, attributing this poor air quality to episodesof ozone transport from the source regions ofCampinas and Paulínia, by mechanisms of local circu-lation. For this study we will use the CIT photochemi-cal model (air quality model of the Caltech Institute ofTechnology). The model will be calibrated beforehandwith the data on surface ozone collected from the airquality stations of Cetesb for critical periods in terms of

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concentration for the years 2003 and 2004 and later,based on prediction of air quality, we will define theperiod of carrying out a campaign for the launch ofECC (Electrochemical Concentration Cell) ozoneson-des, aimed at validating the results of the modelingwith experimental data of vertical profiles of ozone.This campaign will be conducted in partnerships withthe Inpe Ozone Laboratory. An experiment of ozonesoundings will be carried out in the MetropolitanRegion of São Paulo (RMSP), within the ambit of thepublic policy project Photochemical models of air qua-lity: implementation for simulation and evaluation oftropospheric concentrations of ozone in urban regions. Itis intended that the experiments should be carried outin the same period, permitting, thus, the description ofthe transport between these metropolitan regions. At alater stage, it is aimed to carry out simulations, usingthe RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System)meteorological model, which has a simplified chemicalmechanism being set up for the management of theentry parameters: meteorological, air circulation andozone concentration, for the purposes of comparisonwith the results obtained when using data from Cetesbin the CIT photochemical model of air quality.

Prognostic studies of the use of the Aquasatellite in the inference of the concentrationof carbon monoxide in the atmosphere

Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de SouzaNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2006/53277-6Term: Oct/2006 to Oct/2008

The warmest three years in the history of Earthoccurred in the last decade. It is probable that most ofthis warming stems from the emission, due to humanactivities, of gases which retain thermal radiation. Thesegases are also known as greenhouse gases. Importantinstruments that can be used to study the emission ofgreenhouse effect gases in the earth’s atmosphere aresounders on board space platforms. Currently, theDivision of Satellites and Environmental Systems of theWeather Forecasting and Climate Studies Center(DSA/Cptec/Inpe) has made available the concentrationof some greenhouse effect gases estimated using infor-mation from the Aqua satellite. This research projectaims to quantify the quality of the estimates of carbonmonoxide, comparing them with field measurements,with data obtained from other satellites, with calibratedinstruments recognized as “terrestrial truth” by thescientific community, in addition to the verification ofthe internal consistency through the comparison with

results from models of air quality available from Cptec.It is important to observe that the quality of the remotesoundings depends on the surrounding conditionsimposed, as well as the appropriate choice of channels ofthe sounding system. In this context, we aim to contri-bute to the improvement in satellite products, restructu-ring algorithms in order to refine the inversion proce-dure under Brazilian climatic conditions and makeavailable concentrations of carbon monoxide with qua-lity control for researchers and users in general. In addi-tion to scientific interest, it should be stressed that thebetter understanding of the emissions of greenhouseeffect gases over Brazil is fundamental for the adoptionof public policies which reduce biomass burning anddeforestation, our greatest source of emissions.

The role of mesoscale and submesoscaleactivity in the Brazil-Malvinas frontal system

Edmo José Dias CamposInstitute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/03968-2Term: Nov/2006 to Oct/2008

In this project we propose to investigate the role ofmesoscale and submesoscale turbulent activity in theBrazil Malvinas frontal system. Our premise is that bothare important to explain the distribution of water pro-perties such as T,S, nutrients and potential vorticity inthe region because they condition the transformationand subduction of the different water masses. Using the3-D primitive equation numérical model ROMS, wepropose to investigate and quantify these processes. Themain outcome expected is an improved understandingof the role played by the South West Atlantic (SWA) inthe thermocline ventilation and, more generally, in theAtlantic meridional overturning circulation. This pro-ject was motivated by discussions held during theSACOS Workshop and contributions to the SACCConsortium are anticipated. This project will be develo-ped with the participation of two post-doc fellows, forwhom we are requesting fellowships from FAPESP. Onewill be mostly involved with the research plan describedhere. The other will develop a project of data assimila-tion for ocean forecast, in which the model componentis the one implemented as part of this work.

Implementation and calibration of a RamanLidar – water vapor and aerosols

Eduardo LandulfoInstitute for Energy and Nuclear Research (Ipen)

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São Paulo State Ministry for Development Process 2006/02092-6Term: Nov/2006 to Oct/2008

We intend to implement a calibration procedure fora Raman Lidar. We propose the use of a stabilized cali-bration lamp to determine the radiometric efficiency ofthe Lidar system present in Ipen and, starting from firstprinciples apply a method of auto-calibration of thesystem to improve the accuracy of the system.

Investigation of the southern ocean circulation for the 20th century – part I:effect of the southern ocean modes of variability on the Weddell sea

Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/03161-9Term: Jul/2006 to Jun/2009

The behavior of the circulation of the southernoceans, with special focus on the Weddell sea is exami-ned through a simulation with the state-of-the art cou-pled climate model of the National Center forAtmospheric Research (NCAR-CCSM 3.0). Results areanalyzed from 1870 to the year 2000 where both solarconstant and greenhouse gases vary.

Reconstruction of paleovegetation andpaleoclimate in regions of the southerncoast of the State of São Paulo (Serra doMar State Park – Nucleus of Curucutu andIlha do Cardoso) in the Late Quaternary

Luiz Carlos Ruiz PessendaCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/15531-2Term: Sep/2005 to Aug/2008

Studies of paleoenvironmental reconstruction(vegetation and climate) have continued to be develo-ped in the Amazonian, Central, Northeast, Southeastand South regions of Brazil, in some locations usingpollen grains deposited in lake and turf deposits, and inothers, isotopes of carbon from the organic matter ofthe soil (OMS) and fragments of charcoal found in thesoil, among other indicators. To reinforce the paleoen-vironmental studies carried out up to the present in theSoutheast region it is intended through this project, todevelop comparative studies involving isotopic records

of the OMS and plants, palinological studies in peate-ries and in mangrove swamps and with the possibilityof associating it with antracological analysis, if there isfound to be the presence of carbon fragment buried inthe ground. Samples will be taken from the Serra doMar State Park –Curucutu Nucleus, São Paulo (SP),and on the Ilha do Cardoso, south coast of the State ofSão Paulo. We will collect soil samples for physical, che-mical and isotopic analysis of the OMS and also of 14Cof the humin fraction of these soils. Equally, if found,we will sample fragments of carbon, wood and otherburied vegetal remains in order, together with thehumin, to establish the chronology of probable vegeta-tional and climatic changes which occurred in theregion in the last 20,000 years. Samples of turf andmangrove will be collected for palinological, isotopicanalyses 14C dating. The integration of techniques andresearchers should back up significantly the studies invegetational and climate changes which occurred dur-ing the Late Pleistocene and Holocene in the Southeastregion of Brazil and enable a multi and interdiscipli-nary approach.

Study of the composition of aerosols and the isotopic signature of Pb as tracer of the source of atmospheric pollution in the city of São Paulo

Marly BabinskiInstitute of GeosciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/15277-9Term: Sep/2005 to Dec/2008

The present research project aims to study the com-position and morphology of the aerosols in the city ofSão Paulo and, together with the meteorological para-meters and Pb isotopes, trace the possible sources ofnatural and anthropic emissions. The research willinvolve seasonal campaigns for the collection of fine(PM2,5) and coarse (PM1O) particles in periods of 12hours, enabling the modeling of the polluting sourcesand the dispersion of their pollutants, by means of theevaluation of trajectories of air mass. The same collec-tion systematics will be applied in a remote area, themost pollutant-free possible in order to characterizethe region’s background system. What distinguishesthis project from those carried out already in the citywill be the association of several analytical techniquesand the use of Pb isotopes as tracers of pollutant andnatural sources, already widely used in countries in theNorthern hemisphere and recently developed in Brazilfor environmental studies.

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Refinement of the description and numerical simulation of the surface and convection processes in the Cptecmodeling of the atmosphere

Saulo Ribeiro de FreitasNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2004/13445-1Term: May/2005 to Jul/2007

Work project on the improvement of the quality offorecasts of the state of the atmosphere in atmosphericmodels of Cptec and introduction of new functionali-ties. Efforts will be made to find an improvement in thedescription and the numerical simulation of surfaceprocesses responsible for the exchange of internal ener-gy, water and moment between the surface and theatmosphere and in wet convective processes, precipi-tant or not. In surface processes, efforts will be concen-trated on the introduction of global data of vegetation,texture of soil and IVDN updated with high spatialresolution, modern SIB 2.5 surface with patches sche-me and operational initiation of ground humidity. Indeep convection, we will implement the training proce-dure with the modern parameterization of Grell cumu-lus, while in shallow convection we will focus on theintroduction of new closing phases in the parameteri-zation of Grell shallow cumulus. Coupling the cumulusscheme with cloud microphysics will be implementedby the explicit tendency of total water in water vaporand water in liquid or solid state. We will also examinethe question of coupling between the cumuli schemesthemselves (shallow and deep) aimed at improvementsin the simulation of the diurnal cycle of precipitation.It is hoped for an effective improvement in the perfor-mance of the Cptec models in the numerical simulationof the thermodynamic properties of the planetaryboundary layer and of the positioning and temporaloccurrence of convective systems.

An experiment to evaluate the effect of seasonal biomass burnings in centralBrazil and the Amazon region on the increasein concentrations of carbon monoxide fromtropospheric ozone in Southeast Brazil

Volker Walter Johann Heinrich KirchhoffNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2004/03404-6Term: Aug/2004 to Jul/2005

A study is proposed to evaluate the impact of emis-sions from biomass burning in central Brazil andAmazonia in the composition of the atmosphere of theSoutheast region of Brazil, in particular the Vale doParaíba, São Paulo. This proposal envisages implemen-ting an atmospheric chemical experiment in thisregion, with measurements at surface level of the con-centrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3),in addition to other long life gases, and the launching ofballoons with probes for measurements of ozone andaerosol particles. The experimental measurements willbe planned and have their results analyzed in real time,with the aid of results from a transport model of pollu-tants emitted by biomass burning and by sources asso-ciated with urban industrial areas. Preliminary obser-vations carried out in the region of the Vale do Paraíbashows a complex structure of data, with high variabilityin the values observed of concentrations of trace gases.The concentration of CO in Vale do Paraíba is typicallyof the order of 300 ppbv, but in some cases much hig-her values, above 600 ppbv, rising to reach 1,600 ppbv,were observed. A preliminary analysis of retrogradetrajectories of the air masses indicates the possibility ofcompletely different contributions. There could besupremacy of anthropogenic sources from the metro-politan areas of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, or fromthe emissions of seasonal biomass burning in centralBrazil and Amazonia. It also has to be taken into consi-deration that the region of Vale do Paraíba is importantand industrially developed, constituting, therefore, asignificant local source of pollutants. It is of great inte-rest to investigate better how the incidental air massesare constituted and the relative role of each one of thecontributions. The surface measurements will be car-ried out in a container, which is, in fact, a transportablelaboratory for group use, with which other projectshave already been carried out. Inside it we will centrali-ze the continuous measurements of O3 and CO2. Themeasurements of CO (and CH4, which will be sued todiscriminate the origin of the sample) will be obtainedthrough grab samples, which are taken to the labora-tory in special sampling flasks, where they are analyzedby gas chromatography. It is proposed to complementthe observations at surface level with measurements ofO3 and of particulate matter at different vertical levels,through the use of probes launched in balloons. Ourproposal is to launch balloons with ozone probes, butalso another type of launch, using larger balloons,which also carry a special probe to measure the verticaldistribution of aerosol particles. The Inpe ozone groupalready carried out these measurements, systematically,in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, and sporadically in otherlocations in Brazil and Antarctica. Similarly, the Cptec

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group has carried out air quality monitoring on aregional scale through numerical modeling. His studyhas demonstrated the role of transport processes ondifferent scales, from turbulence to convection andadvection, in the definition of the spatial and verticaldistribution of atmospheric pollutants originating frombiomass burnings and other anthropogenic sources.

Variabilities of the South Atlantic.Connections with the thermohaline circulation and the climate in South America (VARIAS 2)

Edmo José Dias CamposInstitute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/01850-9Term: Jun/2004 to May/2006

Numerical experiments with ocean-atmospherecoupled models and observational data will be used inthe investigation of physical mechanisms which controlthe interannual and decadal modes of climatic variabi-lities in the South Atlantic and their teleconnectionswith variations in other regions of the planet. In parti-cular it is intended to investigate the correlations bet-ween the dipolar mode of sea surface temperature ano-malies in the South Atlantic and variabilities in twoareas: the region of formation of deep waters in theNorth Atlantic and the zone of atmospheric convergen-ce over Brazil (South Atlantic Convergence Zone –SACZ). Connections between the South Atlantic andthese two regions were observed in results of previousprojects, financed by FAPESP. In addition to these tele-connections, another objective of the present projectwill be the study of the impact of the SST anomalies onthe shallow circulation cell of the Subtropical SouthAtlantic.

Study of the influence of atmospheric and geographical factors on the levels of ultraviolet radiation in regions of highpopulation density in the State of São Paulo

Juan Carlos CeballosNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2004/00937-3Term: Jun/2004 to Mar/2008

This research project is aimed at improving kno-wledge on atmospheric and geographical phenomenainherent in estimates of surface ultraviolet radiation

(R-UV). However, studies involving R-UV should notmerely limit themselves to scientific objectives, but alsosupply parameters for the support of public and socialpolicies for raising the population’s awareness of theharmful effect of excessive exposure to the sun. Giventhis range of motivations, this project proposes a set ofstudies on R-UV to be carried out in the State of SãoPaulo, given that the region presents important pointsin relation to the theme. From the point of view of pub-lic health, the region is home to around 25 per cent ofthe Brazilian population and has the highest number ofskin cancer diagnoses in the country, and from thescientific point of view, possesses relevant regions ofinterest due to its geographical and atmospheric diffe-rences, as one of the world’s largest urban agglomera-tions, the city of São Paulo, the coastal and mountaintourist resorts. Due to this geographical heterogeneity,the implementation of this project, which includes theacquisition of sensors for measurements of global flu-xes of R-UV, has the objective of carrying out theoreti-cal-experimental studies related to the influence of : a)presence of aerosols; b) surface altitude; c) groundreflectance; d) cloud cover; and, in addition, takingadvantage of the undertaking of systematic measure-ments, it is proposed to monitor levels of R-UV in largeurban and tourist centers.

Study of the dynamics of water circulation between lotic, lentic systems and the floodplain

Evlyn Marcia Leão de Moraes NovoNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2003/06999-8Term: Nov/2003 to Dec/2005

The objective of the project is to develop methodsof integration of remote sensing techniques, image pro-cessing, spatial statistics and geoprocessing to unders-tand, quantify and model the spatio-temporal dynamicand the patterns of circulation of different types ofwater on the Amazon flood plain. The previousresearch created an exploratory campaign, the result ofwhich enabled the outlining of the experiment to becarried out in four subsequent campaigns.

Vertical structure of aerosols and their variations observed by balloon probes

Volker Walter Johann Heinrich KirchhoffNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)

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Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2003/06992-3Term: Nov/2003 to Oct/2004

The Inpe Ozone Laboratory has dedicated itself tothe launching of balloons with ozone probes since 1978(Logan and Kirchhoff, 1996; Kirchhoff et al., 1991;Oltmans et al., 2001; Thompson et al.,2003) from Natal,Rio Grande do Norte (RN), and more recently fromMaxaranguape (RN). We now have an opportunity toextend these measurements to include the observationof aerosols in relation to altitude, which would be a sig-nificant addition to current measurements. By meansof an agreement, we already have the probes to measu-re aerosols and the surface equipment for the receptionof the signals from the probes. We just need the ozoneprobe to couple this together. We propose to carry outmonthly launches from Monte Alegre, a small city inRio Grande do Norte, where the winds are sufficientlyweak not to interfere with the work of launching theballoons. A preliminary launch already carried outdemonstrated the potential of the project. We obtainednot only the vertical profile we were looking for, butalso layers with an excess of scattering and excess ofozone, showing a correlation between the two parame-ters. The period of duration will be 12 months, to testthe possibility of a seasonal variation.

Climatic simulations for the summer in the Southeast of the country

Rosmeri Porfírio da RochaInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/01271-6Term: Jun/2004 to Aug/2006

Knowledge in advance of a forecast that indicateswhether the next wet season will be normal or not repre-sents a huge scientific contribution to society in general.One of the tools to obtain this kind of forecast are regio-nal climatic models, which became feasible at the start ofthe 1990s. These models make it possible to resolve withgreater detail the factors that locally influence the clima-te of a particular region, in relation to current global cli-mate models, the spatial resolution of which is still insuf-ficient. The present project proposes to use a regionalmodel to study the regime of precipitation and air tem-perature in the summer in the Southeast region of Brazilwith a view to its predictability. Specifically, it is intendedto evaluate which representation of the wet processes onmeso-scale more precisely reproduces the seasonal fore-cast of precipitation and air temperature close to the sur-

face, which are important climatic elements for theregion being studied.

Study of carboxylic acids and aldehydes in the wet deposition in themetropolitan region of São Paulo

Adalgiza FornaroInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/01194-1Term: Jul/2004 to Jan/2007

The present plan fits into the line of research gearedto the evaluation of the chemical composition of theliquid phase of the atmosphere (rain waters and fogs).Special attention will be given to the simultaneousdetermination of carboxylic acids and aldehydes andtheir interrelationships, given that, in addition to beingremoved from the gaseous phase by solubilization,some studies suggest that carboxylic acids may be for-med from the oxidation of aldehydes in the liquidphase. These species, in addition to direct vehicularemission, are produced by reactions of the “photoche-mical smog”. We will also undertake measurements ofpH and conductivity and the destination of majorityinorganic ions. For evaluation of the processes of remo-val we will take sequential samples for intra-event che-mical analyses, collecting, alongside meteorologicaldata and data on intensity of rains, information on thesize of raindrops (disdrometer). It is important to high-light that studies of the chemical composition of waterof fogs/mists are unprecedented for São Paulo.

Improvements in the description of parameters of surface and vegetation in the Northeast region of Brazil for use inmeteorological and hydrological models

Regina Célia dos Santos AlvalaNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2003/00142-8Term: Jul/2003 to Aug/2006

The coupled meteorological models used in theCenter for Weather Forecasting and Climatic Studies(Cptec) need the representation of the spatial variationof ground and vegetation, which requires the adapta-tion of a more detailed database and one with parame-ters which represent more accurately the physical pro-perties of the ground and the distribution of types of

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vegetation. In this context, the objective of this projectis to elaborate an updated map of the vegetation, inclu-ding changes in land use, for the Northeast region ofBrazil, plus the northern parts of the states of MinasGerais and Espírito Santo, which fall within the ambitof the former Superintendency of the Development ofthe Northeast (Sudene), through the process of highresolution orbital sensor images and the integration ofdigital data of use/cover of the earth. The map shouldbe adapted to the operational meteorological andhydrological models of Cptec and of several other statemeteorological centers. This updating of the surfaceparameters will permit the study of possible changes inthe balance of energy on the surface and the local andregional circulations on the Northeast deriving fromthe changes in land use and, in a more general way, forthe subsequent verification of the impact of the impro-vement of the representation of vegetation in the mod-els of weather forecasting, climate and water on theground in the region.

Paleo-environmental reconstruction (vegetation and climate) in the LateQuaternary based on a multi/interdisciplinarystudy in the Vale do Ribeira (south of theState of São Paulo)

Luiz Carlos Ruiz PessendaCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/08024-1Term: Jul/2003 to Jul/2006

In Brazil, paleo-environmental studies (vegetationand climate) have been more intensely developed sincethe beginning of the 1990s decade, using pollens depo-sited in lake and peaty sediments, isotopes of the orga-nic matter of the soil (OMS) and fragments of charcoalfound in the soils, among other indicators. However, inthese studies, there is a feeling of the lack of jointactions, both analytical and interpretative, preventingan interdisciplinary approach. With this project, it isintended to develop in the Vale do Ribeira, in the regionof Iporanga, south of the State of São Paulo, a compa-rative study involving paleo-environmental records,through the joint and systematized analyses of lakesediments, of speleothems and isotopes of the OMSand plants, with the possibility of associating them withantracological analysis, when there is the presence ofcharcoal buried in the soils. This integration of techni-ques and researchers should significantly reinforce stu-dies of the reconstruction of vegetational and climaticexchanges that occurred in the Late Pleistocene andHolocene in the Southeast region of Brazil.

Climatic variability on the intrazonal scale in the Southern hemisphere with emphasison the influences on South America and Southeast Brazil: the behavior of theCptec/Cola model of global circulation of the atmosphere

Iracema Fonseca de Albuquerque CavalcantiNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2002/07424-6Term: May/2003 to Jun/2005

It has been observed, in results of forecasting andseasonal simulation, that the Southeast region of Brazilis the region with the lowest predictability in the coun-try. This is a transition region between the tropicalregion of the north and the extratropical region to thesouth, affected by synoptic systems which can be theresult of the model, have different behaviors, not neces-sarily the same as those observed. Also shown, in someobservational studies, has been the influence of trainsof low frequency waves and of oscillation from 30 to 60days, on the Southeast region of Brazil. Consideringthat intraseasonal anomalies, such as blockades, oscilla-tions of 30 to 60 days and patterns of low frequencyteleconnection can affect the behavior of synoptic sys-tems that act on the South American continent, it isimportant to know whether a model of general circula-tion is capable of reproducing the low frequency varia-bility that can influence the high frequency. The propo-sal of this work is to analyze the atmospheric variabilityof the Southern hemisphere, on the intraseasonal scale,simulated by the MCGA Cptec/Cola, comparing withthe variability observed on this scale and establishingthe dominance of patterns for some bands of fre-quency, to elaborate indices associated with the pat-terns of teleconnections identified. It is hoped that thecomparison of the indices obtained in the analyses withthe data from the model and observational data and theverification of the influence of extreme indices in theatmospheric conditions above South America and theSoutheast of Brazil may contribute to a better unders-tanding of the action of the low frequency and of thebehavior of the model in these regions, with a view tobetter seasonal forecasts.

Survey of the physiognomic structure of thevegetation of the Caatinga, oriented towardsthe control of techniques of detection inchanges, using remote orbital sensing

Vítor Celso de CarvalhoNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)

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Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2002/03522-3Term: Oct/2002 to Sep/2003

The dimension reached by the practice of biomassburnings in the tropical region has been the object ofconcern and polemic at national and internationallevel. This generalized phenomenon in Brazilian agri-culture and its environmental impact will only be elu-cidated when objective facts and data are obtained as totheir occurrence, locality, causes, spatial and temporaldynamic, vegetation involved, nature and size of thefire, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of thegaseous emissions on several scales, etc. The dissemina-tion of this information through organized sectors ofsociety is also fundamental in order for agriculturalpractices to evolve and the control to become more effi-cient. Aiming to obtain scientific data on the theme ofthe burnings and to generate systematized and adequa-te information for national and international publicopinion, Ecoforça – a non-governmental not-for-profitorganization geared to questions of research and envi-ronmental development – has been carrying outresearch with a view to filling this lack of informationfor the scientific, environmentalist communities andsociety in general, by means of multi-institutionalactions. The principal objective of this research projectis to structure and bring into operation a system oforbital monitoring and mapping of the biomass bur-nings which occur in the national territory, as well asguaranteeing the access and free dissemination of theseresults via electronic media to the scientific communityand society in general.

The influence of atmospheric aerosol on theformation of photochemical pollutants

Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/13855-7Term: Mar/2002 to Jul/2005

To evaluate the influence of atmospheric aerosol onthe processes of formation of photochemical oxidantspresent in urban and remote atmospheres. Thisinfluence occurs due to the fact that the particles canincrease or decease depending on the photolysis of cer-tain compounds. In this study, we will use experimen-tal data from urban (in the metropolitan region of SãoPaulo) and biogenic (from the Amazon region) aerosol,in their soluble, insoluble and black carbon compo-nents, their physical-chemical and optical propertiescalculated through the methodology developed in the

doctoral thesis of the student Regina Maura deMiranda (FAPESP Process 97/01505-4), and these willbe inserted in a model of radioactive transference inorder to obtain the ratios of photolysis of the NO2 andO3. These results will then be introduced into a photo-chemical model, obtaining the temporal and spatialvariation of tracers of the photochemical processes(such as O3 and others), as well as their vertical profileand also of the aerosol. In a second stage, the influenceof the profile of temperature will be studied, usingnumerical models for this.

Estimate of the effects of aerosol particles on the balance of atmosphericradiation in Amazonia

Márcia Akemi YamasoeInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences/ University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/08574-9Term: Jan/2002 to Dec/2003

It is intended, using experimental measurementsand numerical calculations using radioactive transfercodes, to quantify the effect of aerosol particles presentin the Amazon region of the solar irradiances observedon the surface and the top of the atmosphere. Particularemphasis will be given to the aerosol particles derivingfrom the burning of biomass. In cooperation withresearchers from the Nasa Goddard Space FlightCenter, experimental measurements will be evaluatedobtained with a network of automatic spectral radio-meters installed in the region and with the Modis sen-sor on board the Terra and Aqua satellites. A study ofthe effect of the layer of aerosol particles from the bur-ning on the vegetation of the region will also be carriedout, evaluating the consequence of the disturbance inthe balance of photosynthetically active radiation onthe surface on the photosynthesis, using a radioactivetransfer code linked to a vegetation model.

Sun-climate relationships studied in tree rings in Chile

Daniel Jean Roger NordemannNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2001/01569-0Term: May/2001 to Apr/2002

This work aims to clarify the relationships that existbetween the variation in sun luminosity associated withsolar activity and environmental and climatic pheno-

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mena recorded in the variations of the thickness of thegrowth rings of trees. The scale of time chosen coversthe last two millennia and the samples of trees used toobtain the temporal series of thickness of their rings arecypresses originating in Chile, given the fact that we canfind in them series covering the desired interval oftime. Thus, we will study the temporal series of thethickness of growth rings of trees sensitive to environ-mental parameters, such as temperatures and pluvio-metry, among others, and of pertinent observationaldata, such as the number of sunspots. The study com-prises the mathematical analysis of the temporal series,searching for characteristic periodicities of geophysicaland/or climatic phenomena. The methodology usedincludes spectral analysis through the methods ofmaximum entropy and iterative regression and princi-pally through the method of wavelets. The study will beconcentrated geographically on the records and obser-vational data from Chile.

Measurement of trace gases in regionsunder the influence of the transport of pollutants from biomass burning

Volker Walter Johann Heinrich KirchhoffNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2000/14632-9Term: May/2001 to Apr/2003

Through the aerial measurements of trace gasesfrom biomass burning and from a numerical modeldeveloped in a doctoral thesis, we verified the existenceof high concentrations of CO2 in regions where there isno burning (brought in by transport). In this work weaim to measure these concentrations in situ. We willinstall monitoring stations for trace gases from biomassburning in the cities of Campo Grande, Mato Grossodo Sul and Apucarana, Paraná, where we will take mea-surements, on the surface of carbon monoxide, ozoneand carbon dioxide (dry and wet season), and will alsoundertake the launching of ozone probes to determinethe ozone profiles in both cities. With this we hope toprove the existence of high concentrations of carbonmonoxide in regions with little burning.

Local circulations in the region of Santarém:observations and numerical modeling in the multidisciplinary context of the LBA

Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)

Process 2000/11865-2Term: May/2001 to Nov/2002

The present proposal fits into the LBA project:Large-scale experiment on the biosphere-atmosphereinteraction in Amazonia, which is an international pro-ject led by Inpe with participation from Nasa and theEuropean Community. Recent research on the surface-atmosphere interaction suggests a strong dependencebetween surface processes and climate. Wet convectionis the principal path through which water, energy andtrace gases are transported from the surface layer of theatmosphere to the troposphere. Heterogeneities of sur-face caused by different types of vegetation and byland/water contrasts are causes of local circulations andhave been observed in Amazonia. The present proposalaims to undertake a campaign of intensive measure-ments in the region of Santarém to characterize theimpact of the heterogeneities of surface on local circu-lations and on the formation of cloud and to validatethe numerical simulations of the lake breeze phenome-na and circulations between forest and pasture in areassurrounding Santarém.

Investigation of the variability of low frequency in the South Atlantic. Analysis of the results of the ocean-atmosphere coupled model

Edmo José Dias CamposInstitute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/04673-0Term: Aug/2001 to Jul/2003

Investigation of variabilities in decadal and interde-cadal scales in the component of the thermohaline circu-lation and in the temperature of the sea surface in theSouth Atlantic, taking into consideration the set of datasupplied by simulations with the ocean-atmosphere cou-pled model. We will analyze the results of the executionof several centuries of coupled model comprising theUniversity of Miami Oceanic Model (Micom) and theCCM3 atmospheric model of the National Center forAtmospheric Research (NCAR). These simulations areexecuted on supercomputers of the Los Alamos NationalLaboratories. In the first year, the work will be underta-ken by a Brazilian researcher visiting Los Alamos.

Numerical study of climatic variability in the South Atlantic ocean

Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy Wainer

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Institute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/02958-7Term: May/2001 to Jul/2004

Seasonal climatic variability in the South Atlantic isinvestigated using a series of numerical simulationswith the coupled Climate System Model (CSM), under-taken by the National Center of Atmospheric Research(NCAR). The first simulation is implemented for 300years to study the existence of variability on the decadaland interdecadal scale. Two other simulations areundertaken with the view to verifying the role of theatmosphere in this time scale. The first contains levelsof tracer gases and greenhouse effect gases from thepre-industrial era, while the second simulation assumesthe levels indicated in the Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Changes (IPCC). Finally, it is intended toimplement a simulation for 150 years merely with theatmospheric component, to evaluate whether the varia-bility obtained in scales of low frequency is intrinsicallyoceanic. The statistical analysis of the data obtained isdone with the techniques of EOF (empirical orthogo-nal functions) and SVD (singular value decomposi-tion). The EOF method is applied to each field in isola-tion, while the SVD method is applied to both fieldssimultaneously. The significance of the ocean-atmos-phere will be revealed by the strong resemblance bet-ween the individual EOF and the couple SVD of TSMand PPT and associated fluxes of heat and momentum.The area of the study goes from 0N to 55S and from70W (coast of South America), where the region of con-fluence between the subtropical and subpolar waters islocated, represented by the Brazil and Malvinas cur-rents, to 20E (coast of South Africa).

Study of the spatio-temporal variability of convection in the tropicalregion of South America

Luiz Augusto Toledo MachadoAeronautics and Space InstituteAerospace Technical Center (CTA)Process 1999/06045-7Term: Nov/1999 to Nov/2001

This project aims to study, in the tropical region, therelationships between climatic variability, organizationof convection and the impact on the surface (vegetationstress). The objective of this project is to increase theknowledge and understanding of the climatic fluctua-tions in the tropical zone, studying the organizationand the variability of the convective systems, which arethe key element in the atmospheric processes, and the

impact of this variability on the surface. This project isdivided into three parts. The first topic of study consistsof the development of tools for the analysis of the con-vection and of the climate. These tools will be useful inthe processing of the satellite images obtained duringthe implementation of the project. This information,added to the observations obtained in experiments(LBA), projects (PIRATA) and in the Alcântara LaunchCenter (ALC), will consist of a set of data to be proces-sed in the second topic. This data will be used to carryout case studies, making it possible to analyze in detailthe convective system of the continent, in the coastalregion and in the ocean and their relationships with thefluxes on the surface. The third topic consists of theanalysis of historical series of data aimed at obtaining aclimatological description of the frequency of occur-rence of the convective systems and of the interdiurnal,intraseasonal and interannual variability of the cloudcover. In association with this analysis, we will analyzethe variability of the stress in vegetation on a climaticscale, aiming to relate the variability of the loud coverto the variations in the conditions on the surface.

Simultaneous observations of the CO and O3

minority gases in the lower atmosphere

Volker Walter Johann Heinrich KirchhoffNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1999/05578-1Term: Dec/1999 to Jan/2001

What is proposed is a piece of research involvingsimultaneous observations of carbon monoxide (CO),and ozone (O3), with the objective of studying their ori-gin, correlation and photochemistry. The measurementswill be carried out in the municipality of Maxaranguape,Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This location has specialcharacteristics, extremely propitious for this presentresearch. It is located near the sea, next to the beach. It isin fact a location still isolated from the closest largermunicipality, which is Natal. It receives air masses direct-ly from the ocean. The paths of the air masses in thislocality are very regular, in the sense of always origina-ting in the region of the South Atlantic. For this reasonthe components of minority gases present in the air mas-ses are the purest possible, having traveled over theoceans for several days. The objective of the work is totake samples in the location indicated, measuring theconcentrations of CO and O3, simultaneously. For themeasurements of CO we will use gas chromatography,with a mercury oxide detector, and for the measurementof O3, we will use the technique of balloon sounding, toobtain the concentration in the entire troposphere.

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Paleoenvironmental dynamic of vegetationand climate in the recent Quaternary in domains of Atlantic Rainforest, semi-aridheathland and north-eastern Cerrado, using carbon isotopes of the soil organicmatte (SOM)

Luiz Carlos Ruiz PessendaCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/16044-5Term: Aug/1999 to Apr/2002

With the use of carbon isotopes of the soil organicmatter (SOM) and of modern plants, it is intended tostudy the dynamic of expansion and regression existingbetween ecotones of forest-cerrado and forest-caatinga,located in Pernambuco, and of forest-cerrado inMaranhão. Based on datings for 14C of the SOM, thestudy should outline the probable changes of vegetationand climate that occurred in these Brazilian regions,comprising approximately the last 15 thousand years.

Applications of meteorological satellites

Juan Carlos CeballosNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1998/13951-1Term: Jun/1999 to Jul/2001

The proposal will be carried out by researchers fromseveral institutions, coordinating around the capabilityof reception and processing of images installed in theCptec/Inpe. We will develop four studies along four lines:1) monitoring of winds and systems by satellite (usingGoes channels 1,3,4); 2) radioactive fluxes in the earth-atmosphere system (Goes im. channels 1,4; AVHRRim.); 3) temperature of the sea surface (AVHRR-Noaaimages channels 1-5 and Goes 1,4,5); 4) properties ofcontinental surfaces (AVHRR and Goes images): indicesof vegetation and detection of biomass burnings. All thelines should lead to the development of operationalprocesses of monitoring weather and climate.

Structure of radar echoes in the summer in Amazonia

Maurício de Agostinho AntônioBauru Institute for Meteorological ResearchSão Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1998/13382-7

Term: Mar/1999 to Feb/2001

The use of scientific data from the TRMM (TropicalRainfall Measuring Mission) is not restricted to clima-tological studies. In addition to data from on-boardsatellite sensors, the so-called “terrestrial validation”programs, that include specific campaigns of dataacquisition, constitute a unique database for studyingclouds and precipitation processes in tropical areas. Inthis context, the experiment to occur in the wet seasonin Amazonia in 1999 – TRMM/Brazil – will provide amuch better coverage than other experiments in conti-nental tropical areas. The data to be collected, with thelatest technology for observation of the atmosphere,will permit the characterization of the structures of theprecipitation systems and comparison of these resultswith those obtained in subtropical latitudes.

Dynamic study of the impact of El Niño/south oscillation on the climate of the Americas

Tércio AmbrizziInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/12976-0Term: May/1999 to Apr/2001

In this study, the difference in the climatic anoma-lies over the subtropical part of the Americas duringseveral Enos events is examined. The differences obser-ved in the phase and intensity of the almost stationarycyclonic circulation between these events will be stu-died through the analysis of the characteristics of theanomalous convective warming in the central Pacific.By means of observational studies and numerical expe-riments with a baroclinical model of primitive equa-tions, the response of the atmosphere to various typesof thermal forcings will be shown. Data derived fromsimulations carried out with the CCM3/NCAR model,which used monthly averages of observed TSM, willalso be analyzed.

Transport of atmospheric pollutants in the atmosphere-soil interface in natural andurban areas in the State of São Paulo

Adolpho José MelfiLuiz de Queiroz Advanced School of AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/10356-5Term: Jan/1999 to May/2001

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The principal objective of this project is to quantifythe transfer and transport of polycyclic aromatics(PAHs) associated with particulate material, betweenthe atmosphere and the ground, in remote and urbanareas in the State of São Paulo. The physical-chemicalcharacterization of this material will be undertakenunder different meteorological conditions (wet and dryperiods) from fixed sampling units. Thus, we will studythe morphological parameters (size and shape) and thechemical composition of the aerosols, as well as thephysicochemistry of the solutions that circulate in theatmosphere-ground interface. With regard to the che-mical composition, in addition to the polycyclic aroma-tics, we will determine the fundamental composition(Al, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Zn, etc.) and the soluble species(larger cations and anions). This characterization willmake it possible to establish relationships between thedifferent descriptive parameters of the particulatematerial in suspension in the atmosphere, associatedwith the variations resulting from the meteorologicalconditions and from anthropic activity. It will alsomake it possible to evaluate the impact of this materialon the soil.

Studies of greenhouse effect gases

Plínio Carlos AlvalaNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1998/09566-5Term: Mar/1999 to Feb/2001

There are many locations monitoring the concen-trations of the most important greenhouse gases in theworld. However, in the South Atlantic there is only onestation making this monitoring. This project pretendsto get the first information about the most importantgreenhouse gases: CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCl3 (CFC-11),CF2CL2 (CFC-12), in that region. The sampling will betaken in stainless steel flasks from aboard theOceanographic and Supply Ship (NApOc) Ary Rongel,from Brazil’s Navy. The cruises will be between Rio deJaneiro (22°, 43°W) and the Brazilian Antarctic StationComandante Ferraz (62°S, 58°W), each 5 degrees inlatitude. The ship makes this trajectory every year bet-ween march and april, and october and november. After,the samples will be analyzed at INPE’s Laboratory usinggas chromatography technique. Samples from Natal(6°S, 35°W) will be used for comparison also. The con-centrations will give information about a region wherethere is a lack of in situ measurements, both spatial andtemporal. This information will be used to study thelatitudinal distribution and global budget of that gas,

and could be useful to validate modeling results for theregion. The development of this project will providesupport to initiation works, master dissertation anddoctoral theses, while the results will be disseminatedthrough the scientific literature.

Climatology of the South-Southeast coastal region of Brazil

Cláudio Solano PereiraNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1998/04332-6Term: Dec/1998 to Jan/2001

This research aims to contribute to the understan-ding of the behavior of the climate along the South-Southeast (S-SE) coastal region of Brazil. Several sour-ces of meteorological data will be processed with theaim of constructing a sound database of historical cli-matological data for this region. Based on this, we willconstruct a reliable synoptic climatology to identify thephysical mechanisms responsible for the regional cli-matic anomalies. In particular, emphasis will be givento the anomalies of precipitation, atmospheric circula-tion and sea surface temperature (SST) in this coastalstrip of the South Atlantic Ocean. The project will bedeveloped in the National Institute for Space Research(Inpe)/São José dos Campos, with the participation ofresearchers from Inpe’s Meteorological ScienceDivision (MSD) and of a researcher from the FederalUniversity of Paraíba (UFPb), within the ambit of the“ocean-atmosphere interaction” line of research. Thedata processed in this research will feed theMeteorological Database (MDB), located in DCM/Inpe. With a sound database of historical climatologicaldata, the results of this project could provide informa-tion for other studies related to the climate variabilityof this important Brazilian coastal region.

Study of the surface boundary layer of Pantanal in south Mato Grosso

Antônio Ocimar ManziNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1998/00105-5Term: May/1998 to Jun/2003

This micrometeorologicall project, with the help ofthe University Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS),is the initial part of a broad experimental program tostudy the characteristics of the weather and the climate

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of the central region of Brazil. Thus, a first data collec-tion campaign during the flood season, in the southMato Grosso Pantanal, is proposed to be carried out ina experimental site in the Fazenda São Bento (19°33’48,2”S; 57°00’53, 8”W), a site representative of the region,located ca. 1.5 km from the Pantanal Studies Base ofUFMS, in Passo do Lontra, Miranda, MS. A microme-teorologicall tower, 21 m high, is already installed, andit will serve as support both for fast response sensors tomeasure turbulence and for conventional meteorologi-call instrumentation to measure vertical wind velocity,temperature and specific humidity profiles, as well as toobtain the radiation balance. Air samples will be collec-ted to evaluate the surface emission of methane in theregion. So, the seasonal structure of the surface boun-dary layer above the Pantanal will be investigated. Also,the influence in the change of the structure of theboundary layer due to meteorologicall phenomena oflarger spatial scales, such as the incidence of cold fronts,the intensification of the South American ConvergenceZone and the atmospheric instabilities will be studied.Furthermore, to better understand and parameterizethe characteristics of the turbulent processes above thePantanal, theoretical studies using modern signalanalysis techniques, such as the wavelet transform, willbe carried out. And special emphasis will be given tothe error introduced by the sampling conditions, andby the surface roughness, for determination of the ver-tical fluxes of momentum, sensible heat and moisture.Part of the research activities proposed will result inscientific initiation works, master dissertations anddoctoral theses, while all the results will be dissemina-ted through the scientific literature.

Effects of biomass burning on the lower atmosphere in transition Cerrado-forest ecosystems

Volker Walter Johann Heinrich KirchhoffNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1997/11718-5Term: May/1998 to Apr/2000

Biomass burnings in the tropics in Brazil are a sea-sonal event. Every dry season, which occurs betweenJune and October, large areas in the Cerrado are bur-ned. The combustible material in this region is compo-sed of grass, sedge, bushes and small trees. It is estima-ted that around 30 per cent of this region, which is ofthe order of 3 million square kilometers, is affected bythe burning each year. In recent years, tropical coun-tries were severely criticized by the international com-munity for the occurrence of large numbers of bur-

nings, which are considered a serious act of negligenceon the environment. In addition to the burning of theCerrado, another type of burning occurs on the boun-daries between the cerrado and the forest. These areareas principally affected by the ever increasing need toobtain new lands for agriculture. In contrast to the bur-nings in the Cerrado, this type of burning destroyshuge masses of vegetation, compared with the burningof sedge and bushes in the cerrado. The surveys ofdeforestation in recent years showed that the rates ofdeforestation decreased in the period up to 1991, but,recently, new increases have been observed, amountingactually to the order of 13,000 km2 per year. It would bevery important to establish a correlation between defo-restation and burnings. The effect of the burnings onthe lower atmosphere can be evaluated by the observa-tion of ozone which is produced indirectly in theatmosphere. The ozone is produced by chemical reac-tions which always begin with carbon monoxide emit-ted directly from the burnings of open fields whichburn by incomplete combustion. As the burnings occuron the surface, their effect is also observed primarily onthe surface. However, the consequences of the burningsend up spreading throughout the lower atmosphere.The objective of this research is to document the distri-bution of gases produced by burnings, especially ozone,in the troposphere of the tropics in Brazil. This workshould be carried out on areas in which the burningsare efficient, and the results should be correlated withrates of deforestation. Sporadic field campaigns wereundertaken in the past, but we have still not conductedsystematic observations. We propose a continuous andsystematic observational campaign during two conse-cutive periods of the burnings. This proposal focuseson an important theme in tropical ecosystems andoffers an opportunity to better understand an impor-tant problem in tropical Brazil.

Monitoring of bioclimatic variabilities and their impact on agricultural productionin Brazil through Noaa AVHRR data

William Tse Horng LiuInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/11568-3Term: Mar/1998 to 2/29/2000

The objectives of this project are: a) application ofsoftware for the generation of indices of environmentalstress, such as TST, NDVI, VCI and TCI, using the datafrom Noaa AVHRR, available from the “Satellite ResearchLaboratory (SRL), NOAA/Nesdis”, in Washington,D.C.; b) monitoring of the climatic variability inferred

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from the indices of environmental stresses and theirimpact on the conditions of agricultural growth andproduction in Brazil; c) development of alternativemodels of forecasting of soybean crops in the produ-cing states in Brazil via Noaa satellite; d) disseminationof methods and software developed through the inter-net via netscape; e) transfer of the methods developedto the operational system of the Agricultural HarvestForecasting Division of the IBGE in Rio de Janeiro; f)updating of the computer facilities in the Laboratory ofRemote Sensing Applications (LRSA) of the ACA-IAG-USP, to refine the infrastructure for undergraduate andpostgraduate education.

Mesoscale interactions between biosphere and atmosphere in Amazonia

Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/09926-9Term: Jun/1998 to Oct/2001

This project is part of a broader international pro-posal the “Large-scale biosphere-atmosphere experi-ment in Amazonia - LBA “, lead by Brazilian scientistswith the cooperation of north and south americans andeuropeans. Within LBA there is a need to study thebiosphere-atmosphere interactions in regional scale, ormesoscale. A focus on the local effects of deforestationas well as on the regional response to large scale forcing,within the scope of LBA, is the objective of the presentproposal. The fundamental questions of the mesoscaleinteractions between biosphere and atmosphere inAmazonia are the following: what are the mesoscalemechanisms that link vegetation cover differences intolarge scale and climate anomalies?; what are the roles ofmoist and dry convection in transferring energy andredistributing atmospheric constituents, and how doesconvection change as a response to land-use?Specifically: what is the role of local circulations, inclu-ding those generated by topography, in the transportsof biomass burning products in the dry season? What isthe role of the Andes mountains in the local atmosphe-ric flow?; how can we improve the radiation paramete-rizations in view of biomass burning products in thedry season?; what is the role of moist convection intransferring energy, water, carbon and other chemistryspecies? how well can we numérically simulate theatmosphere in the mesoscale with different land cover,convection, trace gases and nutrients?; how can weimprove and couple the surface, convective andradioactive parameterizations? what is the specific roleof different land cover (primary forest, secondary

regret, pasture, savannah) in the hydrologic cycle? Whatchanges in water and energy fluxes are associated toland-use land-cover change? ; what is the role of thespatial organization of cloudiness in the regional ener-gy budget? ; how do the cloudiness patterns relate tovegetation and soil moisture? How does the basin scaleprecipitation relate to the different cloud type and tothe diurnal cycle of convection?; what is the role oforganized mesoscale convective systems in determiningthe precipitation scale in the basins?; what are the inte-ractions between the mesoscale convective systems andthe large scale systems like SACZ, Bolivian High. Coldfronts, easterly waves, among others?; what is the role ofland cover in the modification of physical and ther-modynamical parameters and how can they influencelocal circulation?; how is the remote sensing from satel-lite going to improve the surface temperature estimatesand the lower troposphere thermodynamics structureover different land-cover scenes?

Observations on the ozone layer in Punta Arenas, Chile

Volker Walter Johann Heinrich KirchhoffNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1997/06179-8Term: Oct/1997 to Sep/1998

The specific objective of the present proposal is theexperimental observation and documentation of theozone layer in Punta Arenas, Chile, in collaborationwith the local university, the Magallanes University(Umag), using the technique of measuring ozone viaECC probe launched in a balloon. The Inpe groupalready has considerable experience in the execution ofthis technique. The work is being programmed for theend of September, beginning of October, and is relatedto the phenomenon of the ozone gap in Antarctica,which appears in the region at that time of the year. Thesecondary objective of the project is training in thetechnique of balloon launching for the Chilean group,our collaborators.

Information system and modeling of solar radiation (Simras)

João Francisco EscobedoBotucatu School of Agronomical SciencesSão Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1997/02475-1Term: Oct/1997 to Sep/1999

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The project aims to develop an information systemand modeling of solar radiation for use in meteorologi-cal and/or climatological stations, consisting of a data-base which will permit the quality control, generationof statistical results and the validation of models, aswell as the exchange of data between institutions viainternet and /or through physically stored means.

Evaluation of orbital radar images in thestudy of natural aquatic environments andenvironments of anthropic origin in: MonteAlegre’s Lago Grande and the reservoir ofthe Tucuruí hydroelectric plant

Evlyn Marcia Leão de Moraes NovoNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1996/04523-0Term: Nov/1996 to Oct/1998

The research project consists in evaluating the useof orbital radar data in the comparative study of twodistinct aquatic environments, one little altered by man(Lago Grande in Monte Alegre) and the other resultingfrom the construction of an artificial lake for the gene-ration of electricity (the reservoir of the TucuruíHydroelectric Plant). The project envisages the simul-taneous acquisition of field data and images from theRadarsat, JERS-1 and ERS-1 satellites. The field datawill be used to characterize the environments. We willthen make estimates of the potential for the emission ofmethane based on data from the space field with thehelp of information on the area occupied by aquaticplants, water and flooded forest extracted from images.

South American cooperative on modeling of ocean, coastal and estuary processesrelated to global changes

Edmo José Dias CamposInstitute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/04060-0Term: Sep/1996 to May/1999

In April 1996 the Interamerican Institute forResearch into Global Changes (IAI) approved theresearch project entitled A South American modelingcooperative for global change related oceanic, coastal andestuarine processes, the objective of which was to beginthe installation of a center dedicated to the coordina-tion of studies and modeling of several processes asso-ciated with global changes in oceanic, coastal and estu-

ary regions, in South America. This project, part of thelnitial Science Program of the IAI, has the participationof scientists from four countries (Argentina, Brazil,United States and Uruguay) and is coordinated fromUSP’s Institute of Oceanography. The project aims tooptimize the process of installation of the center.

Regular sounding of the stratosphere – SRS

Ngan André Bui VanBauru Institute of Meteorological Research São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1996/02838-4Term: Sep/1996 to Mar/1998

The objective of this project is to use the resourcesavailable in the Institute for Meteorological Research(IPMet) in the São Paulo State University (Unesp), todevelop, in collaboration with the EuropeanCommunity, the Stratospheric Regular Soundings pro-gram(SRS) which studies the chemistry of the stratos-phere in tropical regions.

The use of carbon isotopes in charcoals and humin in the soils. An indispensable tool to evaluate systematically the velocity of biological turnover and of paleoclimatic events

Luiz Carlos Ruiz PessendaCenter for Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1995/05047-5Term: Mar/1996 to Aug/1998

Using the carbon isotopes (12C, 13C, 14C) of theorganic matter of latosols from different locations inthe State of São Paulo, it is intended to evaluate theexisting correlation between the ages of the charcoalsand the ages of the humin as an indicator of the biolo-gical turnover in soils devoid of charcoals.Simultaneously it is intended to carry out paleoclimaticstudies and establish a database of carbon isotopes insoils in the State of São Paulo.

Atmospheric teleconnections via data fromthe Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer

Tércio AmbrizziInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)

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Process 1995/02331-4Term: Apr/1996 to Mar/1998

This project aims to identify the patterns of globalteleconnection, previously documented by means ofstatistical analysis of data of geopotential height andcurrent function, using the total ozone variable. We willuse monthly global data from 13 years of the TotalOzone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) to study thepossible relation of linearity between this variable andthe geopotential height, as suggested in recent works.Based on the establishment of this linearity, we willstudy the stationary waves in the high troposphere andtheir low frequency variability, as well as several pat-terns of teleconnections known from other observatio-nal studies. A comparison between these various resultswill be carried out through the use of global climatolo-gical data obtained by means of a Model of GeneralCirculation (MGC), which was integrated for the sameperiod as the TOMS, with a triangular resolution inwave number 42 (T42). This comparative analysisshould permit the verification of possible systematicerrors of the MGC, which could be improved and inte-grated again, aimed at the determination of more relia-ble climatological averages.

Modeling and observation of the biosphere-atmosphere interaction in the State of São Paulo

Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1995/01816-4Term: Sep/1995 to Dec/1998

Given the significant importance of the surface pro-cesses, especially the fluxes of energy, mass and momen-tum, in the interaction with the planetary boundarylayer, the formation of cumulus clouds and the develop-ment of meso-scale systems, it is intended to quantify bymeans of micrometeorological measurements the ener-gy balance above areas of vegetation predominant in theState of São Paulo (sugarcane, pasture and maize). Inaddition to the understanding itself of the relationshipbetween the phenological cycle and the dynamic ofwater vapor, carbon and energy in these ecosystems, theobservational data will be used in the calibration ofbiosphere-atmosphere coupled models (SiB-RAMS), atool to be used in the study of the impact of differenttypes of soil-vegetation system in the numerical simula-tion of the atmosphere above the Southeast region. Thecalibration is equally viable for the validation of largescale models, such as, for example, the Cptec/Inpe model.

Experiment on the boundary layer in Rondônia (RBLE)

Carlos Afonso NobreNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1995/01596-4Term: Nov/1995 to Oct/1996

The objective of this project is to collect meteorolo-gical data (atmospheric pressure, temperature and spe-cific air humidity, velocity and direction of winds)from the structure of the nighttime boundary layer,using a fixed balloon, as a special sensor for measuringcoupled CO2. The experiment will be carried out inManaus, during the dry season (July 95), in an area oftropical forest. The project is an Anglo-Brazilian scien-tific cooperation, with participation from Inpe, Inpaand CTA/IAE.

Dynamic of waters of the continental platform and of the slope in the bay of Santos (Dabas)

Edmo José Dias CamposInstitute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/03091-4Term: Mar/1995 to Feb/1997

As a continuation of the activity of the thematicproject “Meso-scale Hydrography” COROAS (FAPESP91/00542-7), the present research project aims tounderstand the structure and the characteristics of theflow of the current in Brazil and its transportation ofmasses of water along the outline of the west coast ofthe South Atlantic. Data generated by COROAS will beanalyzed and reduced for the initialization of a nume-rical model in the study of the dynamic of the currentin Brazil and its meanders. The numerical model to beused is the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). Thisresearch project represents a bilateral cooperationendeavor to be implemented in conjunction with Prof.Jerry L. Miller, of the Old Dominion University, inNorfolk, Virginia (USA).

Carbon isotopes in soils in the tropical region of Brazil and relationshipswith the cerrado-natural forest sequence of vegetations

Luiz Carlos Ruiz PessendaCenter for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture

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University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/01272-1Term: Aug/1994 to Jul/1996

Using carbon isotopes (C12, C13 and C14) from theorganic matter of the soils of three regions in the stateof Rondônia, it is intended to evaluate and discover abetter understanding of the processes of environmentalmodification involved in the sequence cerrado-naturalforest located from the south to the center-north of thestate. For this purpose we will seek to answer questionssuch as: a) in the sequence of vegetations, which one isin expansion/regression, or is there a balance in thisecosystem?; b) for how many years did each one ofthese vegetations predominate in their respectiveareas?; c) could there be fossils (charcoals) buried in thedepths in the soils suggesting ancient fires and, possibly,drier past climates?

Measurements of the ozone layer and ultraviolet radiation

Volker Walter Johann Heinrich KirchhoffNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1994/00192-4Term: Jul/1994 to Jun/1996

With the fact of the ozone gap in Antarctica and itsindirect manifestations already proven in the South ofBrazil, it is all the more important to establish samplingsites close to the tropic of Capricorn. The specificobjective of the project is the experimental observationand documentation of the ozone layer observed bysoundings and ultraviolet radiation in the region of SãoPaulo, by means of the installation of sampling sites instrategic locations. The secondary objective of the pro-ject is to carry out complementary measurements usingthe already existing infrastructure, principally of oxidi-zing gases in the troposphere.

Experiment on the boundary layer in Rondônia (RBLE)

Carlos Afonso NobreNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1994/00155-1Term: Jul/1994 to Jan/1995

The principal objective is to study the dynamic ofthe planetary boundary layer (PBL) over areas of tropi-cal forest and pasture in Rondônia. This objective will

be attained through three field campaigns in experi-mental areas around Ji-Paraná, Rondônia. The firstcamp mission occurred in September 1992, the secondin July 1993 and the third will take place in July 1994,with continuous measurements of the dynamic andthermodynamic profiles above the forest and pasturesimultaneously, for a period of three weeks. To analyzeand synthesize the observations numerical models willbe used, from the most simple, such as one-dimensio-nal models of PBL, to complex three-dimensionalmeso-scale models.

Research into temporal variation of the neutrally charged particles and intensity ofozone and electric field in the stratosphere

Inácio Malmonge MartinGleb Wataghin Physics Institute Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1993/04978-0Term: Mar/1994 to Mar/1997

Study of the precipitation of charged and neutralparticles as well as the intensity of ozone and electricfield in the stratosphere of the region of the Braziliananomaly. To verify their temporal variation in relationto magnetic field and correlations existing betweenthese radiations. Study of the influences of these radia-tions in the environment of the region, principallyvariation in the level of rain/variation of cosmic radia-tion in the atmosphere.

Monitoring of ozone together with meteorological soundings

Ngan André Bui VanBauru Institute for Meteorological ResearchSão Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1993/04798-1Term: Oct/1994 to Sep/1995

The objective of this project is to establish themeans that make it possible to study the alteration inthe ozone (O3) layers in the upper stratosphere andwhich can change the climate. The collaboration withthe Service d’Aéronomie do Centre National de laRecherche Scientifique (CNRS), in France, will make itpossible to establish a study program of the mechanismthat causes the variations in the density of ozone in theupper atmosphere. This program envisages an observa-tion campaign, with three balloon launches, to measu-re, with a visible UV spectrometer, the atmosphericprofiles of constituents such as O3, NOx, C10x. The

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information acquired will be compared with meteoro-logical data in order to determine a possible correlationbetween the climatic alterations and the variations inthe density of O3, being able, also, to complement themeasurements taken on board satellites.

Monitoring system of biomass burnings and electronic dissemination of the information

Evaristo Eduardo de MirandaEcoforça Research and DevelopmentProcess 1993/03295-6Term: Jan/1994 to Jun/1995

The dimension reached by the practice of biomassburnings in the tropical region has been the object ofconcern and polemic at national and internationallevel. This generalized phenomenon in Brazilian agri-culture and its environmental impact will only be elu-cidated when objective facts and data are obtained as totheir occurrence, locality, causes, spatial and temporaldynamic, vegetation involved, nature and size of thefire, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of thegaseous emissions on several scales, etc. The dissemina-tion of this information through organized sectors ofsociety is also fundamental in order for agriculturalpractices to evolve and the control to become more effi-cient. Aiming to obtain scientific data on the theme ofthe burnings and to generate systematized and adequa-te information for national and international publicopinion, Ecoforça – a non-governmental not-for-profitorganization geared to questions of research and envi-ronmental development – has been carrying outresearch with a view to filling this lack of informationfor the scientific, environmentalist communities andsociety in general, by means of multi-institutionalactions. The principal objective of this research projectis to structure and bring into operation a system oforbital monitoring and mapping of the biomass bur-nings which occur in the national territory, as well asguaranteeing the access and free dissemination of theseresults via electronic media to the scientific communityand society in general.

Investigation into the application of wavelet transform in the study of turbulent exchanges in the surface boundary layer of the atmosphere

Leonardo Deane de Abreu SáNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)

Process 1993/02715-1Term: Dec/1993 to Mar/1996

The recent advent of the theoretical formulation ofthe wavelet transform (WT) constitutes a very impor-tant advance in the analysis of the turbulent signal,since it enables the evolutive spectral decomposition,which it is not possible to obtain with the traditionalFourier transform. Given its recent character, only sincethe 90s decade has WT come to be used in the study ofturbulent signal, opening a broad perspective for thebetter understanding of the structures in dissipativeprocesses. However, its application to atmospheric sig-nals is still very rare in the literature. The aim of thisproject consists in contributing to a better understan-ding of the physical processes of turbulent exchange inthe atmospheric surface boundary layer based on theapplication of WT to the study of turbulent signal sam-pled at high frequencies. It is intended: 1) to implementalgorithms which enable a multi-resolution decompo-sition of the signal based on the WT; 2) to study thespecific characteristics of turbulent exchange above andwithin the forest; 3) to determine with better precisionthe error associated with estimation of the turbulentfluxes in the atmosphere; 4) to better understand thestatistical distributions associated with the various tur-bulent parameters of the atmospheric surface boun-dary layer.

The influence of the Atlantic Ocean on global climate variation

Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1993/01387-0Term: Nov/1993 to Feb/1997

The study of the interaction between ocean and theatmosphere in the Atlantic Ocean is still fairly recent.Bjerknes in 1964 formulated the hypothesis that theair-sea interaction in this region occurs in differenttimescales, in contrast to what happens in the PacificOcean, where the timescale for the coupling of theatmosphere and the ocean is a single one. This work hasthe objective of exploring the time scales of the coupledsystem between the Atlantic Ocean and the atmosphe-re. In the first place, we wish to determine which are thetimescales that characterize the air-sea interaction inthe Atlantic Ocean. The intention is next to characteri-ze the spatial distribution of the active regions and tryto correlate one region with another. In particular it isintended to examine what is the relationship of theoscillation of the North Atlantic (WALLACE and

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GUTZLER, 1981) with the sea surface temperatureanomalies in the tropical region and with the droughtsin the Northeast of Brazil. (MOURA and SHUKLA,1981). To achieve this objective, several sets of histori-cal data (containing ten or more years of observation)will be analyzed. In the long term, it is intended toconstruct a coupled model for the study of the interac-tion between the Atlantic Ocean and the global atmos-phere. The great barrier to the understanding of thisproblem is the fact of being very difficult to distinguishwhat is natural climate variation and that caused byexternal factors. With the analysis of observational dataand data from models of oceanic circulation andatmosphere it is hoped to understand the role of theAtlantic Ocean in the variation of the climate.

Experiment on the boundary-layer in Rondônia

Carlos Afonso NobreNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1993/00642-7Term: Jul/1993 to Dec/1993

The principal objective is to study the dynamic ofthe planetary boundary layer (PBL) above areas of tro-pical forest and pasture in Rondônia. This objective willbe reached by means of: 1) two field measurement cam-paigns in experimental areas around Ji-Paraná, Ron-dônia. The first camp mission occurred in September1992, the second in July 1993, with continuous measu-rements of the dynamic and thermodynamic profilesabove the forest and pasture simultaneously, for a peri-od of three weeks; measurements of turbulent fluxes ofheat and momentum on the surface will be supplied bythe experiment which will take place simultaneously; 2)for analysis and synthesis of the observations numeri-cal models will be used, from the most simple, such asone-dimensional models of PBL, to complex three-dimensional meso-scale models.

Measurement of greenhouse effect gases in natural Brazilian ecosystems

Volker Walter Johann Heinrich KirchhoffNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1992/04881-3Term: Apr/1993 to Mar/1994

There currently exists great interest in the study ofcertain atmospheric gases of long life which share the

common property of absorbing infrared radiation.These gases, responsible for the greenhouse effect, arebeing eliminated into the atmosphere by anthropoge-nic activity in the processes connected to agricultureand also industrial processes. The group already hasconsiderable experience in observations of ozone, andhas specialized in recent years to be able also to measu-re CO2, N2O and CH4, the most important of the gree-nhouse effect gases. The intention of this work aims, inthe first stage, to study and compare different behaviorsin natural ecosystems and, at the same time, to gathersufficient data to be able to determine the tendency ofannual growth of these gases.

Numerical study of the circulation of the tropical Atlantic with model of isopicnal coordinates (Nustrac)

Edmo José Dias CamposInstitute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/01196-8Term: Sep/1992 to Apr/1997

The objective of this project is the study of dynamicand thermodynamic processes governing the circula-tion of the tropical Atlantic, based on numerical simu-lations. The model to be used is a thermodynamicallyactive version of the model of isopicnal coordinatesdeveloped in the University of Miami (BLECK et al.,1989, 1992), the principal advantage of which in thiscontext is the elimination of vertical diffusion of nume-rically induced heat. A comprehensive study of theoceanic response to atmospheric thermodynamic for-cing mechanisms is envisaged. Of particular interestwill be the interannual and decadal variation of thetemperature anomaly of the sea surface (SST), usuallyreferred to as the “the Atlantic SST dipole”.


Biosphere-atmosphere interaction phase 2:cerrados and changes of land use

Humberto Ribeiro da RochaInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/09289-9Term: Sep/2004 to Jun/2009

The project is geared to multidisciplinary expansionand in-depth examination of the knowledge acquired inthe Biota-FAPESP Program Biosphere-atmosphere inte-

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raction in natural and agroecosystems: a monitoring ofthe Cerrado and sugarcane, addressing the followingspecific goals: (i) ecophysiological functionality of thedry and floodable cerrados: scaled projection of thephysiology on cellular, foliar scale and on the ecosystem;(ii) control of interannual climate variability on the car-bon cycle and the hydrological cycle of the ecosystems;(iii) regional impact of changes of use of land and cli-matic changes on the water balance and indicators ofbiodiversity with biosphere-atmosphere models. Thestudy will be undertaken with activities of field observa-tions and theoretical studies of biosphere-atmospheremodeling, with results of interest to biodiversity on thequestion of climatic balance on regional scale, and withthe generation of information for public polices on theuse of water, projects of carbon sequestration in theambit of mechanisms of flexibility and knowledge forstudies of vulnerability and adaptation of ecosystems.

Biosphere-atmosphere interaction in natural ecosystems and agroecosystems: a monitoring of sugarcane and Cerrado

Humberto Ribeiro da RochaInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/11215-9Term: Jan/2000 to Dec/2001

This project is in line with the proposals of Biota-FAPESP, focusing on a multidisciplinary analysis of theecophysiology of two ecosystems of high relevance inthe State of São Paulo, sugarcane and the cerrado.Through the use of advanced methodologies of measu-rement of the exchanges of the biosphere, such as theeddy correlation method, it is intended to establish aninstrumental platform in two experimental sites(sugarcane and cerrado), to carry out long term moni-toring of the fluxes of surface water, energy and CO2 inthe biosphere-atmosphere interface. It is intended inthis way to estimate the total balances of water and car-bon in the ecosystems, quantifying their potential assources or sinks in relation to the terrestrial systems; toadd information on transpiration and photosynthesisand their dependence on climatic forcing mechanisms(temperature, humidity, radiation and hydric stress); togather indices of these means as sequesterers of atmos-pheric carbon and establish a reference for comparisonof the sugarcane and cerrado ecosystems as representa-tive regional biomas and the impacts associated withthe conversion of vegetation. The sugarcane experi-mental site is already established and is part of theorganized network of Amerflux surface fluxes. The cer-

rado experimental site will be implemented in 2000.The project will receive the collaboration of anotherproject in progress, coordinated by Dr. MarisaBittencourt, which will provide updating of the relief,physiognomies of vegetation, state of conservation onthe cerrado fragments and surroundings.

Environmental study in the estuary of the river Itanhaém, southern coast of the State of São Paulo

Sueli Yoshinaga PereiraInstitute of Geosciences / Campinas State University(Unicamp)Process 2001/09881-2 Term: Jul/2003 to Oct/2006

The present research proposal has as its generalobjectives: 1) analysis of the environment of depositionand taphonomy of macroremains and pollens from thesubaquatic environment and of the anthropic modifica-tions in the river estuary, with application of actuo-paleontology, hydrogeology and current sedimentology(depositional geomorphology); 2) elaboration of inte-grated models which provide information for studies ofenvironmental impact which the above-mentionedanthropic activities produce; 3) definition of environ-mental indicators for estuary environments. The riverItanhaém estuary is located on the southern coast of theState of São Paulo, in the municipality of Itanhaém, andis part of the Baixada Santista. It presents characteristicsbelonging to tropical regions, both in environmentalaspects ( for example, mangrove and sandbank vegeta-tion) and in socioeconomic aspects, being the secondlargest estuary in the state (surpassed only by theRibeira, further to the South, close to the border withParaná) (Lamparelli, 1999). It has a mangrove swamparea of 3,75 km2 (Lamparelli, 1999), considered to beone of the best protected in the state, where it is possi-ble to study its evolution since the Holocene. Along theriver – upstream from the mangroves – there are innu-merable points of sand exploitation, many alreadyabandoned, which significantly altered the hydrologicalprofile, forming huge lakes. The river course was modi-fied more than 50 years ago due to the opening of acanal joining the rivers Branco and Preto. The entiremargins of the Itanhaém river as well as its tributariesare occupied by dense sandbank vegetation, for the mostpart in primary conditions of conservation, which con-tributes plant material (leaves, seeds, pollens, etc.) to thesediments of the river. In localized areas there exists morerecent vegetation – secondary woodlands and planta-tions, in addition to the mangrove vegetation itself.

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Late quaternary paleoclimate in Brazil from oxygen and carbon isotope rations on speleothems

Francisco William da Cruz JúniorInstitute of GeosciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/06761-0Term: May/2007 to Apr/2011

Stable oxygen and carbon isotope of speleothemsprecisely dated by U/Th method have become impor-tant proxies of climate change in the Late Pleistoceneand Holocene (sub) tropical regions. In this way, Brazilis one the most potential countries for these isotopicstudies. First, cave occurrences are widely distributedwithin its territory and cover a broad latitudinal range.Second, the previous speleothems studies demonstra-ted a summer insolation forcing of changes in rainfallregimes over southern-southeastern Brazil during theLate Quaternary (cycles of ~23.000 years). In additionthe past climate in this region was also impacted onmillennial time-scales by cooler climate conditions innorthern hemisphere during Heinrich events. The pre-sent proposal aims to extend these studies for differenttropical sites in Brazil by addressing questions aboutclimate regional variability during Late Pleistocene andHolocene. It proposes to investigate the following pro-blems: 1) is the precipitation associated with the SouthAmerican Summer Monsoon (SASM) responding tochanges in the summer insolation on long-term timescales and how insolations affect large-scale atmosphe-ric circulation in South America?; 2) how are the rapidclimate shifts of the last glacial period and Holoceneexpressed in the southern hemisphere tropics? What isthe impact of large-scale mode of natural climate varia-bility such as EI Nino-Southern Oscillation and NorthAtlantic Oscillation on short-term changes of past rain-fall in the SASM region? In conjunction with our paleo-climate studies, we propose a stable isotope and geo-chemistry study in water samples. This work isimportant for understanding how the rainfall d180 sig-nal is transferred from precipitation to the karts systemand is finally recorded in speleothem calcite and alsohow the chemical composition of cave drips formingspeleothems is associated to rainfall variations.

An integrated seasonal forecasting system for South America

Caio Augusto dos Santos CoelhoNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)

Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2005/05210-7Term: Jul/2006 to Jun/2009

This research project proposes the implementationof an objective integrated forecasting system at theCentre for Weather Prediction and Climate Studies(CPTEC) for producing well-calibrated probabilisticseasonal forecasts for South America. The system iscomposed by two components: 1) a multi-modelensemble, composed by four coupled ocean-atmosphe-re dynamical models (the CPTEC coupled model plusthree European coupled models) and 2) an empirical(statistical) model that uses Pacific and Atlantic sea sur-face temperatures as predictors for rainfall and tempe-rature over South America. The predictions of thesetwo components will be integrated, i.e. combined andcalibrated, using a Bayesian procedure for producing asingle probabilistic forecast that gathers all availableinformation at the time the forecast is issued. The qua-lity of the predictions produced by each component ofthe proposed system as well as of the forecasts produ-ced by the integrated system will be assessed using stan-dard deterministic and probabilistic forecast verifica-tion measures. Therefore, this project will contributefor scientific and technológical developments in threeareas: 1) multi-model seasonal forecasting; 2) calibra-tion and combination of probabilistic seasonal fore-casts and 3) forecast verification. It is expected that atthe end of the project it will be possible to quantify howwell predictable are the climate variations observedover South America on the seasonal time scale. Theproject will also develop applied research, focusing ongovernmental activities that use seasonal forecast infor-mation (e.g. water resource management for the hydro-power sector for electricity production).

Atmospheric aerosols and climatic changes on regional scale based on radiometers in satellites

Alexandre Lima CorreiaNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2004/10084-8Term: May/2005 to Apr/2007

The importance of atmospheric aerosols to the cli-mate has been discussed for several years by the interna-tional scientific community. The difficulties associatedwith the characterization of atmospheric aerosols con-tribute to the non-existent uncertainties in models ofclimate changes. One of the instruments used for stu-dies of atmospheric aerosols on a large scale are sensors

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on board satellites, such as the Moderate ResolutionImaging Spectroradiometer (Modis). However, becauseof its global cover, the Modis products are notably sim-plified, which attracts inferences with significant errorson regional scales. This project aims to study the inte-raction between aerosols and climate on regional scalesin Brazil, based on the development of Modis productsof microphysics and optical thickness of specific aero-sols for the characteristics of national ecosystems, withresults in better spatial resolution than the productscurrently available. At the end of the project it will bepossible, in principle, to reprocess images already obtai-ned by the Modis sensor since its launch in 1999, mak-ing it possible to study the interactions between aerosolsand climate on regional scale through the years. Thisproject is furthermore structured in such a way as topermit the later absorption of the products of aerosolsin meteorological and climatic models, making it possi-ble to improve the precisions of climatic changes due tothe effects of atmospheric aerosols.

Development of an integrator of information acquired by pluviometers, satellites, lightning networks and meteorological radars and analysis of precipitant systems in Brazil – Precibra

Carlos Frederico de AngelisNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2003/10508-0Term: Sep/2004 to Aug/2008

It is proposed to create an integrator of informationon precipitation and some climatic and atmosphericvariables to facilitate the investigation of local andregional meteorological and climatologically parame-ters over Brazil. The grouping of a large volume of avai-lable information, currently dispersed, in a single data-base will notably improve the knowledge on theclimatology of precipitation, atmospheric circulationand the climate in general of South America and prin-cipally of Brazil. The deficiencies found in the estima-tors of precipitation that use data from meteorologicalsatellites and radar will be appreciably minimized dueto the integration and to the simultaneous use of datafrom pluviometers, satellites, radars, probes of atmos-pheric variables and occurrence of lightning. This datawill be used not only in the development of estimatingalgorithms of precipitation which occurs over Brazilianterritory, but also for the elaboration of a method ofmonitoring of the precipitation in Brazil that will beavailable for consultation in almost real time. Giventhat precipitation is the principal source of freshwater

for South America, the execution of the proposed pro-ject is of extreme relevance to the country, since it isnecessary to meet the needs of various managementsectors of hydric resources that need consistent infor-mation on precipitation.

Space technology center for study of dynamic processes and oceanic fluxes on global scale

Paulo Simionatto PolitoInstitute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/06921-3Term: Feb/2002 to Mar/2006

We propose an emergent center for the study of thedynamic and thermodynamic of the oceans and theirconnections with the meteorology, biological and che-mical oceanography, using global data from multiplesensors on board oceanographic satellites. We will exa-mine global data containing the height anomaly, tem-perature and wind on the sea surface, concentration ofchlorophyll and vapor integrated in the atmosphere.Digital filters will be used to separate the original mea-surements in various bands of the spatio-temporalspectrum associated with several dynamic regimes.This center is characterized by interdisciplinarity. Thisis evident in the specific aspects of the four main topicsof this proposal. The first of them is the study of theocean-atmosphere interaction on various spatio-tem-poral scales. In the second topic the influence of dyna-mic and thermodynamic regimes on the concentrationof phytoplankton is dealt with using a similar metho-dology to that of the first topic. The third part dealswith various aspects of the heat balance and includesestimates of the flux on the surface, of the heat storedand of the Ekman heat flux. The fourth topic presentsan innovative method for calculating the flux of CO2

from the atmosphere to the ocean due to the new pri-mary production, based on altimetry data.

Numerical modeling of the transformationand transport of atmospheric aerosol particles in the Amazon region. An evaluation of their climatic impact

Karla Maria LongoInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/05296-8Term: Sep/2001 to Aug/2003

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In this project it is proposed to use numerical mod-els in the modeling of the transformation and transportof natural aerosol particles and particles from biomassburnings in the Amazon region. We will develop inter-faces that will permit the coupled use of the RegionalAtmospheric System (RAMS), the physics aerosolmodel Community Aerosol & Radiation Model forAtmospheres (CARMA), and a model of emitting sour-ces of aerosols from biomass burnings. The systemcomposed of these three models will enable the under-taking of numerical simulations of the spatial and tem-poral distribution of the aerosol particles, as well as oftheir optical properties. Special attention will be dedi-cated to the interaction of these particles with solarradiation and with the microphysics of clouds and totheir potential climatic effects. We will emphasize theuse of products of remote sensing in the initializationand validation of the results.

Numerical modeling of the transport and of atmospheric processes acting on gases and aerosols from biomass burnings in South America

Saulo Ribeiro de FreitasInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/05025-4Term: Sep/2001 to Oct/2004

Project to study transport and transformation ofaerosols and gases in the atmosphere of South America.The study is envisaged through means of numericalmodeling using (Eulerian and Lagrangean) models oftransport, atmospheric model of meso-scale and modelof physics of aerosols. The Eulerian model coupled tothe atmospheric model will enable the 3D simulationof the mass distribution of these contaminants, and theimplementation of the aerosols model on the meso-scale model will enable the investigation of the interac-tion of these with the evolution of the atmosphericstate on a regional scale. Several refinements in themethodology developed by the proponent are planed.Observational data obtained locally and remotely willbe used for a continuous validation of the methodologyand proposed studies.

Simple hydrological model to estimate humidity of soil and runoff in macro-scale bays

Javier TomasellaNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)

Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1999/00394-0Term: Jul/1999 to 2/29/2004

In this work, we will develop a macro-scale hydro-logical model, based on the equation of balance, ofresolution compatible with the existing atmosphericmodels. The parameters of the model could be estima-ted using information already existing in surveys ofsoil, of topography and vegetation, avoiding, in princi-ple, the need for calibration using existing hydrologicalseries and/or new measurements. The model will betested comparing its results with observations from theexisting hydrological series, with other hydrologicalmodels, and with SVATS models for the principal baysin Brazil. Its implementation will be put into operationin order to generate information such as storing ofwater in the soil, to assist in the taking of decisions rela-ted to agricultural activities.

FIRST PROJECTS

Evaluation of the air quality for ozone in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas

Cláudia BoianInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/60217-0Term: May/2007 to Sep/2008

It is proposed to study the meteorological chemicalfactors and emissions, that determine the air quality inthe Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), espe-cially the formation of ozone, with the possibility offorecasting indices of air quality for this pollutant. Themotivation for carrying out this work comes from thepreliminary results obtained from the Cetesb, in themonitoring of ozone carried out during the first 11months of 2003, in Americana (40 km away fromCampinas), which classified the air of this city for theperiod as being the second most polluted by ozone inthe interior of the State of São Paulo. The bad quality ofthe air was attributed to episodes of transport of ozonefrom the source regions Campinas and Paulínia, bymechanisms of local circulation. For this study we willuse the CIT photochemical model (air quality model ofthe Caltech Institute of Technology). The model will becalibrated beforehand with the data on surface ozonecollected from the air quality stations of Cetesb for cri-tical periods in terms of concentration for the years2003 and 2004. Later, based on prediction of air quality,we will define the period of carrying out a campaign forthe launch of ECC (Electrochemical Concentration

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Cell) ozonesondes, aimed at validating the results of themodeling with experimental data of vertical profiles ofozone. This campaign will be undertaken in partnershipwith the Inpe Ozone Laboratory. An experiment ofozone soundings will be carried out in the MetropolitanRegion of São Paulo (RMSP) within the ambit of thepublic policies project Photochemical air quality models,implementation for simulation and evaluation of concen-trations of tropospheric ozone in urban regions (Process03/06414-0, FAPESP). It is intended that the experi-ments will be carried out in the same period, permit-ting, in this way, the description of the transport bet-ween these metropolitan regions. At a later stage, it isaimed to carry out simulations, using the RAMS(Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) meteorologi-cal model, which has a simplified chemical mechanismbeing set up for the management of the entry parame-ters: meteorological parameters, air circulation andozone concentration, for the purposes of comparisonwith the results obtained when using data from Cetesbin the CIT photochemical model of air quality.

Contributions of solar variability and geophysical events in the climate of South America: study of the Sun-climaterelationships in growth rings of trees

Heloísa Helena de FariaNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2003/11064-8Term: Jul/2004 to Oct/2004

To better understand the relationship between thephenomena involved and extend the forecasts for a big-ger time scale in the future, it is necessary to push backeven further the timescale of analysis of the past. It istherefore necessary to study natural records that repre-sent indicators of the variations in environmental,meteorological and climatic parameters, for example.Several natural phenomena contributed to the accu-mulation through time of isotopes, elements or com-pounds deposited in marine or lake sediments and inthe ice of the polar icecaps and glaciers. The concentra-tions of material deposited represent natural records ofthe phenomena involved in their rate of formationand/or accumulation. The physical growth of trees alsorepresents an indicator of various environmental para-meters, such as air temperatures, pluviometry, presenceof nutrients, etc. The trees thus present natural recordsof the variations in the environmental parameters most

involved in their growth. When the trees show growthrings in the interior of their trunks and branches, thesimple counting of these annual rings represents in adirect way the scale of time. The variation in the thick-ness of the growth rings of trees deserves to be investi-gated as a regional and/or global indicator of the clima-tic variability on the continents to the scale of one yearto thousands of years. The following stage of thisresearch is the search for the influence of solar variabi-lity, of volcanic activity and phenomena such as ElNiño events, for the identification of characteristicperiodicities and other correlations. In addition to thisidentification of characteristic periodicities, an analysiswill be undertaken of the variations of respectiveamplitudes of these signals by the wavelet method.Thus we will be able to reconstitute the history of varia-tions (activity and emission of energy) of the Sun in thepast covered by the duration of the chronologies of thetrees studied, that is, typically for the past, moving fromthe present to 2 thousand years back in time.

The role of aerosols in the formation of severe storms in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo

Edmilson Dias de FreitasInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/11013-4Term: Jul/2004 to Aug/2005

In this project it is intended, by means of usingnumerical models, to study the effects related to thepresence of aerosols, deriving from human activity, inthe formation of severe storms during the periods ofspring and summer in the MRSP. Emphasis will begiven to the effects of these particles on the radiationand on their participation in the formation of clouddroplets, serving as nuclei of cloud condensation. Thestudy will be carried out through interfaces developedfor the coupled use of the RAMS atmospheric model,the TEB model, the CARMA model of the physics ofaerosols and a Eulerian model of emission sources ofaerosols of anthropogenic origin. The coupling of thesemodels will permit the three-dimensional simulationof the distribution of the mass of the aerosols and theinvestigation of the interactions of these contaminantswith the evolution of the atmospheric state on regionalscale. We will use surface data obtained by the operatio-nal network of the Cetesb and data from remote sen-sing provided by meteorological radars and satellitesfor the validation of the proposed methodology.

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TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

IN SMALL BUSINESSES (PIPE)

Generation of digital models of elevation through radargrametry with Radarsat-1 satellite images

Waldir Renato ParadellaGeoambiente Sensoriamento Remoto Ltda.Process 1999/06271-7Term: Feb/2000 to Sep/2003

The proposed research project is aimed at the trai-ning of the company in the generation of DigitalElevation Models – (DEM), by means of orbital radarimages, as an aid to the creation of topographical chartsand SAR Integrated Products for geoenvironmentalapplications. The methodology is based on radargra-metry with the use of Standard and Fine images fromthe Canadian Radarsat-1satellite. The proposal prioriti-zes, also, the establishment of a culture in the use of theradar imaging technology in the company. Brazil has thedimensions of a continent and a poor cartographic kno-wledge. Only 60 per cent of the country is mappedtopographically on the scale 1:100,000 and the bulk ofthis is out of date. In this sense, the use of IntegratedRadar Products has great potential for added value, butthis depends on a rigorous geometric correction (ortho-rectification) of the images. The project focuses on thegeneration of DEM of a test area located in the Carajásmountains (state of Pará), through Radarsat Fine andStandard images, treated with OrthoEngine SE software(PCI Geomatics), with a radargrametric approach(radar stereoscopy). In addition we will investigate thepotential for creating topographical charts on the semi-detail scale (1:100,000). In its second phase we intend torefine the results focusing on the generation of DEMs inthe creation of topographic charts and Integrated RadarProducts for geoenvironmental applications. In addi-tion to this we will look on the international market foralternative devices (hardware and software) which willenable the plotting of the GCPs in three-dimensionalvision (less propagation of error in the accuracy of thefinal elevation of the DEMs).

PARTNERSHIP FOR TECHNOLOGICAL

INNOVATION PROGRAM (PITE)

A research program on earth system cience with special emphasis on global climate change

Carlos Afonso NobreNational Institute for Space Research (Inpe)

Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2007/58726-6Term: May/2008 to Apr/2011

Earth System Science (ESS) addresses the changesthat are occurring at the planetary level, and the impli-cations of these changes for global and local sustainabi-lity. This science refers not only to the natural sciencesbut also to the human dimensions. In general terms, thepurpose of the ESS research is to understand the physi-cal-ecological-anthropogenic systems as complex anddynamic interacting entities. ESS is a new paradigm inwhich the Earth’s environment is seen as being influen-ced by the dynamic interaction of natural and socialsystems. The objective of the research project it to sup-port the development in Brazil of scientific capacity toobserve, model, analyze and integrate components ofthe Earth System. The focus of ESS in Brazil will be toexplore the interfaces of global environmental changeand issues of relevance to regional development, parti-cularly those associated with Brazil and South Americaand to provide information for Earth System governan-ce. This project will foster the development of advancedEarth System models and observations in Brazil, inclu-ding global and regional and climate models. Towardsthat goal, the project will implement a state-of-the-artsupercomputer facility at Inpe for use by the Brazilianscientific community to advance modeling of the ESand production of scenarios of global environmentalchange, specially global climate change of interest andrelevance to Brazil and South America.


Implementation of the air quality model for the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo

Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/06414-0Term: Apr/2004 to Jul/2007

Pollution from gases and particles has been a diffi-cult problem to tackle in complex urban regions, as isthe case in the metropolitan regions of São Paulo. Thefactors that lead to poor air quality include gas emis-sions and particles, topography, meteorology, chemistry,and gas-particle conversion. Since the interactionsbetween all these factors are complex, computationalmodels were developed to simulate the production ofpollution, and to understand these interactions.Technologically advanced countries have demonstrated

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the need to analyze the complex interactions betweenthe chemistry and the meteorology which control thephenomena associated with atmospheric dispersion ofpollutants. The appropriate methodology for this is theapplication of air quality models that include a descrip-tion both of the chemical mechanisms and well as dis-persion and transport. The Department of AtmosphericSciences has considerable experience in the use of theCIT model, developed in the California Institute ofTechnology and Carnegie Mellon University. Thismodel has been applied to the problem of the descrip-tion of the formation of photochemical pollutants inSão Paulo. The basic components of these modules are:a kinetic mechanism describing the chemical reactions;a description of the sources, with spatial and temporaldistribution of the emissions; a meteorological descrip-tion, including velocity and direction of the wind foreach station, the vertical structure of the temperatureand the intensity of the radiation. This model will be thehost for the inclusion of the module of the formation offine particles, which includes gas-particle conversionand growth by condensation and coagulation. Thismore complete model called CIT-AERO is being imple-mented in the Department of Atmospheric Sciences, incollaboration with the Carnegie Mellon University ofPittsburgh.

GRANTS

RESEARCH ABROAD

Influence of the South Atlantic circulation on the modes of variability of the Equatorial Atlantic. Study with ocean-atmosphere coupled model

Grant holder: Edmo José Dias CamposInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of São Paulo (USP)Institution abroad: Koninklijk Nederlands MeteorologischInstituut, HolandaProcess 2006/03949-8

Sensitivity of the circulation of the Weddell Sea in the extension and concentration of ice from the Antarctic sea – a preliminary numerical study

Grant holder: Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of São Paulo (USP)Institution abroad: National Center for Atmospheric Research,USAProcess 2005/02687-7

Validation of data and calibration of a Raman lidar of water vapor

Grant holder: Eduardo LandulfoInstitution: Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research / SãoPaulo State Ministry for Development (SDSP)Institution abroad: Goddard Space Flight Center, USAProcess 2005/02158-4

Paleoclimatology of the South Atlantic Ocean in the Quaternary, part I: last glacial maximum

Grant holder: Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of SãoPaulo (USP)Institution abroad: National Center for Atmospheric Research, USAProcess 2003/05997-1

Seasonal variability in the South Atlantic with the NCAR ocean-atmospherecirculation coupled model

Grant holder: Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of SãoPaulo (USP)Institution abroad: National Center for Atmospheric Research, USAProcess 1998/13397-4

Monitoring of bioclimatic variability and its impact on agricultural productionthrough data from AVHRR-NOAA

Grant holder: William Tse Horng LiuInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Institution abroad: National Center for Atmospheric Research, USAProcess 1998/02409-1

Evaluation of the most appropriate indicators for the multilevel and integratedmonitoring of the process of desertification(geared to the semi-arid Brazilian tropic)

Grant holder: Vitor Celso de CarvalhoInstitution: National Institute for Space Research/Ministry ofScience and Technology (MCT)Institution abroad: University of Toulouse Le Mirail, FranceProcess 1997/11439-9

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Evaluation of precipitable atmospheric water using photometric measurements

Grant holder: Artêmio Plana FattoriInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Institution abroad: Université Sciences Technologies Lille,FranceProcess 1995/03384-4

High resolution spectral remote sensing:study of advanced techniques of processing and applications in the study of hydrothermal alteration minerals

Grant holder: Álvaro Penteado CrostaInstitution: Geosciences Institute/ Campinas State University(Unicamp)Institution abroad: Desert Research Institute, USAProcess 1994/03474-0

Application of air quality models in São Paulo: production and transport of tropospheric ozone

Grant holder: Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Institution abroad: California Institute Technology, USAProcess 1993/04996-8

Performance of forecasts of precipitant systems in the summer of 1993/94 in thetropical and subtropical regions of Brazil

Grant holder: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Institution abroad: National Meteorological CenterProcess 1993/03459-9

POST-DOCTORATE

Improving meteorological downscaling methods with neural network models: South American rainfall

Grant holder: David MendesSupervisor: José Antônio Marengo OrsiniInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry ofScience and Technology (MCT)Process 2007/50145-4

The role of variability in the Tropical and South Atlantic in the climate of theNortheast of Brazil in El Niño years

Grant holder: Regina Rodrigues RodriguesSupervisor: Edmo José Dias CamposInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of SãoPaulo (USP)Process 2007/03279-5

Interaction between atmospheric equatorial waves through resonance with wet convection

Grant holder: Carlos Frederico Mendonça RauppSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/53606-0

Assimilation of atmospheric aerosols by satellite in the Catt-Brams model of chemical transport

Grant holder: Judith Johanna HoelzemannSupervisor: Karla Maria LongoInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2005/60890-3

Classification of precipitant systems by means of remote sensing and artificialneural networks

Grant holder: Evaldo Araújo de Oliveira FilhoSupervisor: Augusto José Pereira FilhoInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/60141-0

Stochastic forecasting in meteorology. Part 1 – model of shallow waters with rain mechanism

Grant holder: Paul KrauseSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/56460-3

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Use of advanced techniques of remote sensing in the measurement of particulatematerial in suspension in the atmosphere –a proposal to increase resolution and reduce uncertainties

Grant holder: Andrea Dardes de Almeida CastanhoSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 2005/54768-0

Evaluation of the air quality for ozone in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas

Grant holder: Cláudia BoianSupervisor: Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/51401-9

Study and forecasting of occurrence of storms, substorms and HILDCAAS

Grant holder: Fernando Luís GuarnieriSupervisor: Walter Demetrio Gonzalez AlarconInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2004/14784-4

Study of the composition of the aerosols and of the isotopic signature of Pb as tracerof the sources of atmospheric pollution in the city of São Paulo

Grant holder: Simone Maria Costa Lima GioiaSupervisor: Marly BabinskiInstitution: Geosciences Institute / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 2004/09879-6

Numerical study of the responses of the ocean-atmosphere coupled system toclimatic variabilities in the South Atlantic

Grant holder: Carlos Alessandre Domingos LentiniSupervisor: Edmo José Dias CamposInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of SãoPaulo (USP)Process 2004/01849-0

Sensitivity of the climate and regional productivity to changes in land use and to global changes: a study of biosphere-atmosphere coupled modeling

Grant holder: Robinson Isaac Negron JuarezSupervisor: Humberto Ribeiro da RochaInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/01468-7

Role of aerosols in the formation of severe storms in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo

Grant holder: Edmilson Dias de FreitasSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/04890-9

Study of the coupled neutral-ionosphere atmosphere system in the Brazilian equatorial region through radio – multiple soundings

Grant holder: Clezio Marcos de NardinSupervisor: Mangalathayil Ali AbduInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry ofScience and Technology (MCT)Process 2003/01146-7

Modeling of gases and aerosols deriving from biomass burning – physical and chemical processes

Grant holder: Leila Maria Merce de Albuquerque MartinsSupervisor: Carlos Afonso NobreInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2002/09732-0

Contributions of solar variability and geophysical events to the climate of South America

Grant holder: Heloísa Helena de FariaSupervisor: Daniel Jean Roger NordemannInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2002/05163-0

131GEOSCIENCES

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27

Remote sensing and analysis of the ozone layer gap

Grant holder: Iara Regina Nocentini AndréSupervisor: Nelson Jesus FerreiraInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2001/09902-0

The influence of the atmospheric aerosol onthe concentrations of photochemical pollutants

Grant holder: Regina Maura de MirandaSupervisor: Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/03425-5

Modeling and forecasting of oceanic waves in the Cptec

Grant holder: Leandro FarinaSupervisor: Carlos Afonso NobreInstitution: National Institute for Space Research (Inpe) /Ministry of Science and TechnologyProcess: 2000/01284-2

Measurements of trace gases in regionsunder the influence of transportof contaminant from biomass burnings

Grant holder: Cláudia BoianSupervisor: Volker Walter Johann Heinrich KirchhoffInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2000/14630-6

Interaction between aerosol particles andclouds in the Amazon region: observationalanalysis and numerical modeling

Grant holder: Karla Maria LongoSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/10421-4

Numerical modeling of the transport of tracegases and aerosols from biomass burning in the Cerrado and tropical forest of SouthAmerica. Validation of a methodology

Grant holder: Saulo Ribeiro de FreitasSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/07370-9

Effect of biogenic aerosols and of biomassburning in the Amazon on the structure ofthe atmosphere – regional and global effects

Grant holder: José Vanderlei MartinsSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 1999/04572-0

Aerosols and atmospheric radiation balancein Amazonia: studies with measurements in situ through solar radiometers

Grant holder: Márcia Akemi YamasoeSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 1999/04361-9

An investigation into the application of wavelet transform in the study of atmospheric and chaotic phenomena

Grant holder: Gannabathula Sri Sesha Durga PrasadInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1994/02276-0

DOCTORATE

Impact of atmospheric aerosols on the formation of clouds and precipitation overthe Metropolitan Region of São Paulo

Grant holder: Márcio Gledson Lopes OliveiraSupervisor: Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/57466-0

Dynamic and thermodynamic of the lines of instability in Amazonia

Grant holder: Clenia Rodrigues Alcântara

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35

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Supervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/50295-6

Multiscale interaction between ocean andatmosphere and variability of low frequency

Grant holder: Enver Manuel Amador Ramirez GutierrezSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/60488-3

Impact of megacities on the quality of air on local and regional scale: the cases of the metropolitan regions of São Paulo and of Rio de Janeiro

Grant holder: Vanessa Silveira Barreto CarvalhoSupervisor: Edmilson Dias de FreitasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/59546-9

Effect of climate changes on the productivity and water offer: an investigationfor the São Paulo agroecosystems

Grant holder: Jonatan Dupont TatschSupervisor: Humberto Ribeiro da RochaInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/50924-0

Quantitative forecast of precipitation through the combination of multiple numerical forecasts

Grant holder: América Murgia EspinosaSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/59116-1

Formation and transport of fine inorganicparticles in an urban atmosphere

Grant holder: Taciana Toledo de Almeida AlbuquerqueSupervisor: Maria de Fátima Andrade

Institution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/58750-9

Variability of the regime of summer monsoons in South America and interaction with the biosphere in theSoutheast and Center-West

Grant holder: Ana Elizabethe da SilvaSupervisor: Leila Maria Vespoli de CarvalhoInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/56487-9

Influence of the inter-Enos variability on the dynamic associated with low-level jet to the east of the Andes and cold frontsduring the southern summer and winter

Grant holder: Gyrlene Aparecida Mendes da SilvaSupervisor: Tércio AmbrizziInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/01804-0

Electrification of the precipitant systems in the Amazon region: physical and dynamicprocesses of development of storms

Grant holder: Rachel Ifanger AlbrechtSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/09049-3

The South Atlantic convergence zone andthe Pacific and Atlantic oceanic processes

Grant holder: Tatiana JorgettiSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/07953-4

Extratropical cyclones above the SouthAtlantic: climatic simulations and theimpact of sea surface temperature

Grant holder: Michelle Simoes Reboita

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Supervisor: Tércio AmbrizziInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/02446-7

Forecasting of severe storms at very shortnotice in the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Wando Celso Maugeri AmorimSupervisor: Carlos Augusto Morales RodriguezInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/09395-6

Interaction between the Antarctic sea ice and the South Atlantic Ocean using a coupled model of general circulation

Grant holder: Janini PereiraSupervisor: Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/03054-2

Observational and modeling studies of thestructure and variability of low-level jets tothe east of the Andes in South America

Grant holder: Wagner Rodrigues SoaresSupervisor: José Antônio Marengo OrsiniInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2002/12670-6

Impact of non-linearity of the interactionbetween the tropical and extratropicalatmospheric circulations


Study of the formation of photochemical oxidants and control strategies for the São Paulo atmosphere

Grant holder: Leila Droprinchinski MartinsSupervisor: Maria de Fátima Andrade


Ocean-atmosphere interaction in the SouthAtlantic ocean and its global impact

Grant holder: Andrea Sardinha TaschettoSupervisor: Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/01211-0

Study of the influence of the subtropical Atlantic ocean on the climate of South America

Grant holder: Anita Rodrigues de Moraes DrumondSupervisor: Tércio AmbrizziInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/06842-6

Dynamic of the circulation of the South Atlantic ocean from the last glacialmaximum to the present

Grant holder: Gabriel ClauzetSupervisor: Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/04920-0

Analysis of the physical characteristics of lightning bolts in the Southeast region of Brazil with data from a storm locationsystem (SLS)

Grant holder: Kleber Pinheiro NaccaratoSupervisor: Osmar Pinto JúniorInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2001/04026-7

Relationship between the sea surface temperature in the Atlantic and Pacificoceans and the climatic conditions in theSouth and Southeast regions of Brazil

Grant holder: Andrea de Oliveira Cardoso

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Supervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/00227-8

Aerosols, clouds and precipitation and their climatic effects

Grant holder: Theotônio Mendes Pauliquevis JúniorSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/10677-8

Characterization of physical and chemical properties of the aerosol particlesfor the metropolitan region of São Paulo


Formation of fine particle constituent of the urban aerosol in the metropolitanregion of São Paulo

Grant holder: Rita Yuri YnoueSupervisor: Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/08211-1

Characterization and dynamic of CO2 on thesoil/atmosphere interface, in ecosystemswith natural and anthropized vegetation,using the carbon isotopes (12C, 13C and 14C)

Grant holder: Hermes Augusto de FreitasSupervisor: Luiz Carlos Ruiz PessendaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/07700-9

Application of biophysical parameters in the development of forecasting models ofagricultural harvests via NOAA satellite

Grant holder: André Luiz Farias de Souza

Supervisor: Oswaldo MassambaniInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/07632-3

Chemical processes and the transport of O3, NOx, CO gases and VOCs in the Amazon atmosphere

Grant holder: Ana Maria Cordova LealSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research / SãoPaulo State Ministry for Development (SDSP)Process 1999/04281-5

Surface and local circulation processes in São Paulo

Grant holder: Edmilson Dias de FreitasSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/15663-3

Study of the influence of aerosols in the calculation model of solar radiationon the surface using satellite data; and the automatic mapping of clouds

Grant holder: Fernando Ramos MartinsSupervisor: Enio Bueno PereiraInstitution: National Institute for Space Research/Ministry ofScience and Technology (MCT)Process 1996/01243-7

Dynamic and circulation of water masses on the western edge of the South Atlantic between 20s and 30s

Grant holder: José Eduardo ConçalvesSupervisor: Edmo José Dias CamposInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1995/00485-4

DIRECT DOCTORATE

Low frequency climatic variabilities in the South Atlantic. Analysis of the resultsof an ocean-atmosphere coupled model

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Grant holder: Roberto Antônio Ferreira de AlmeidaSupervisor: Edmo José Dias CamposInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/09408-5

MASTERS

Climatic and vegetational variations and their influence on the Holocene patternof human occupation in the region of LagoaSanta: palinology of a terrace in Ribeirão daMata, municipality of Pedro Leopoldo, MG

Grant holder: Marco Felipe RaczkaSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo de OliveiraInstitution: Center for Postgraduate studies, Research andExtension / University of Guarulhos (UnG)Process 2007/52246-2

GIS and remote sensing applied to the study of the dynamic of flooding of an area of the Alto Paraná flood plain,center south of Brazil

Grant holder: Tiago Matsuo SamizavaSupervisor: Nilton Nobuhiro ImaiInstitution: Presidente Prudente School of Science andTechnology / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2007/01863-1

Effect of Eucalyptus plantations on the local circulations and quality of air in the Vale da Paraíba

Grant holder: Karin Rafaelle KoopSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/59216-9

Use of a meso-scale atmospheric model for the forecasting of air quality in the metropolitan region of São Paulo

Grant holder: Melissa Santi ItimuraSupervisor: Edmilson Dias de FreitasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/58505-7

Study of the sensitivity of the AIRS channelsto the alterations in the concentration ofcarbon monoxide in the atmosphere

Grant holder: Rudinei Martins de OliveiraSupervisor: Rodrigo Augusto Ferreira de SouzaInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2006/54765-4

Climatic extremes in the Southeast andCenter-West of Brazil: the present climateand projections for the XXI century

Grant holder: Rodrigo José BombardiSupervisor: Leila Maria Vespoli de CarvalhoInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/53769-6

Vegetation dynamic and climatic inferences in the Late Quaternary in theregion of the Ilha de Marajó, PA, using carbon isotopes (12C, 13C, 14C) of organicmatter from the soils and sediments

Grant holder: Cláudia More de LimaSupervisor: Luiz Carlos Ruiz PessendaInstitution: Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/52173-2

Relationships between the extension and the form of forest clearing and theimpacts on precipitation: a case study on the Cuiabá–Santarém highway

Grant holder: Sandra Isay SaadSupervisor: Humberto Ribeiro da RochaInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/57829-0

Remote sensing of aerosols in high resolution in the Amazon region

Grant holder: Silvia de LuccaSupervisor: Paulo Eduardo Artaxo NettoInstitution: Institute of Physics / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/57456-0

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Validation and analysis of climatic variabilityof a model of the climate in 6000 bp

Grant holder: Cândida de Freitas DewesSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/53200-0

Climate extremes in Antarctica and relationships with the climate of South America

Grant holder: Nathalie Tissot BoiaskiSupervisor: Leila Maria Vespoli de CarvalhoInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/52389-2

A model of potential vegetation includingcarbon cycle and natural fire: consequencesof climate change in global biomas

Grant holder: David Montenegro LapolaSupervisor: Marcos Daisuke OyamaInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 2004/12235-3

Tropical-extratropical interactions and climatic implications for the Southern hemisphere

Grant holder: Fábio Ullmann Furtado de LimaSupervisor: Leila Maria Vespoli de CarvalhoInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/11808-0

Regional simulation of the interannual climatic variability in the Brazilian Northeast

Grant holder: Jonathan Mota da SilvaSupervisor: Adilson Wagner GanduInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/11617-0

Study of the seasonal variability of the optical depth of the aerosol in SãoPaulo based on MFRSR radiometer

Grant holder: André Cozza SayaoSupervisor: Márcia Akemi YamasoeInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/11553-1

Evolution of the distributions of sizes in mass and number of atmospheric aerosol in São Paulo

Grant holder: Márcio Gledson Lopes OliveiraSupervisor: Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/11382-2

Study of greenhouse effect gases in Amazonia

Grant holder: Mônica Taís Siqueira D´AmélioSupervisor: Luciana Vanni GattiInstitution: Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research /SãoPaulo State Ministry for Development (SDSP)Process 2004/04148-3

Effect of aerosols from biomass burnings in the concentrations of photochemical oxidants

Grant holder: Eder Paulo VendrascoSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/10354-2

Estimate of precipitation via remote sensing in microwaves in the Amazon basin

Grant holder: Thiago Souza BiscaroSupervisor: Carlos Augusto Morales RodriguezInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/10310-5

137GEOSCIENCES

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8479

8580

8681

8782

Climatic variations and hydrological cycle in the conversion of cerrados for eucalyptus and sugarcane

Grant holder: Jonatan Dupont TatschSupervisor: Humberto Ribeiro da RochaInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/10004-1

Extreme events of precipitation in the Southof Brazil associated with low-level jet

Grant holder: Fabiana Victória WeykampSupervisor: Tércio AmbrizziInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/09973-0

Intercomparison of paleoclimatic simulationsfor the Middle Holocene and the present inthe region of the South Atlantic

Grant holder: Adriana Brasil de OliveiraSupervisor: Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of SãoPaulo (USP)Process 2003/09971-7

Analysis of storms in the transition betweenthe dry and rainy season in Rondônia

Grant holder: Alana de Lima PontesSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/09694-3

Relationships between meteorological events and acid rain in São Paulo

Grant holder: Ana Elizabethe da SilvaSupervisor: Adalgiza FornaroInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/03072-0

Impact of wet convection in the lower stratosphere of the tropical region of South America

Grant holder: Thaís Machado ScherrerSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/11268-0

The impact of deforestation on the hydrological cycle: a prognosis for the case of the Cuiabá-Santarém highway

Grant holder: Rafael RosolemSupervisor: Humberto Ribeiro da RochaInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/11004-2

Study of the 3D redistribution of gases and aerosols from biomass burning in Roraima, 1998

Grant holder: Rodrigo GevaerdSupervisor: Saulo Ribeiro de FreitasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/10469-1

The transition between convectives and stratiform periods associated with intraseasonal oscillation in the southeast region of Amazonia

Grant holder: Rachel Ifanger AlbrechtSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/11532-6

Analysis of a modeling of the present tropical climate of South America and in 6000 bp

Grant holder: Tatiana JorgettiSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/11403-1

Analysis of local circulations in the confluence of the Tapajós and Amazon rivers

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Grant holder: Priscila Brier D´AuriaSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/11402-5

Experimental study of the vertical profile of aerosols in the troposphere using the lidar technique

Grant holder: Renata Fernandes de SouzaSupervisor: Eduardo LandulfoInstitution: Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research /SãoPaulo State Ministry for Development (SDSP)Process 2001/07304-8

Dynamic of squall fronts of meso-scale convective systems in Amazonia

Grant holder: Marcos LongoSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/13976-6

A study on the fluxes of heat on the surfacein the western region of the Tropical Atlantic

Grant holder: Guilherme Pimenta CastelãoSupervisor: João Antônio LorenzzettiInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of SãoPaulo (USP)Process 2000/06028-4

Evaluation of climatic oscillations in the Upper Quaternary on the southeast continental margin of Brazil based on thestudy of the association of foraminifera

Grant holder: Luiz Fernando D’AgostinoSupervisor: Michel Michaelovitch de MahiquesInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/02135-0

Effects of non-linear processes on the inter-hemispheric influence of sources of heat

Grant holder: Carlos Frederico Mendonça RauppSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva Dias


Analysis of cases of extreme precipitations in the winter in the city of São Paulo

Grant holder: Estael Elisabete Kems SiasSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/12702-0

Turbulent energy fluxes over a wet tropical forest in Amazonia

Grant holder: Leandro Della Vedova de Oliveira PintoSupervisor: Humberto Ferreira da RochaInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/12443-5

Variability of the sea surface in the region of retroflexion of the north current of Brazilbased on results from numerical model

Grant holder: Carlos Augusto FonsecaSupervisor: Edmo José Dias CamposInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of SãoPaulo (USP)Process 1999/11382-2

Mangrove swamps of Guaratiba in the light of a possible rising of the relative average level of the sea (bay of Sepetiba,state of Rio de Janeiro)

Grant holder: Ana Margarida Marques PortugalSupervisor: Hilda de Souza Lima MesquitaInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of SãoPaulo (USP)Process 1999/07886-5

Determination of criteria for the actioning of the parameterization of cumulus in regional models

Grant holder: Christiane Yuko Botelho ChibaSupervisor: Adilson Wagner Gandu

139GEOSCIENCES

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Calculation of the atmospheric CO2

balance on the surface: an analysis of the turbulent fluxes by eddy correlationand from soil respiration

Grant holder: Helber Custódio de FreitasSupervisor: Humberto Ferreira da RochaInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/00153-2

The influence of sea surface temperature onthe winter climate in the city of São Paulo

Grant holder: Andrea de Oliveira CardosoSupervisor: Pedro Leite da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/16277-0

Study of the ocean-atmosphere interaction in the region of the TropicalAtlantic using the data of the PIRATA program and data obtained from numerical simulation of the Atlantic Oceanwith a model of general circulation

Grant holder: Gabriel ClauzetSupervisor: Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/15771-0

Theoretical and experimental validation of computational algorithms employed in the evaluation of atmospheric irradiation

Grant holder: Simone Marilene Sievert da CostaSupervisor: Artêmio Plana FattoriInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/15506-5

Numerical simulations of extreme periods of the south oscillations and their impact on the climate of the Americas

Grant holder: Anita Rodrigues de Moraes DrumondSupervisor: Tércio AmbrizziInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/15257-5

Numerical simulation of vortices of cold air: conveyor belts and meso-scale characteristics

Grant holder: Ricardo HallakSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1997/14119-5

Direction of wind and burning of sugar plantations in the mean Paulista PeripheralDepression – the secondary circulation and the aggravation of the urban pollution

Grant holder: Márcia Regina Fernandes da Silva StorerSupervisor: João Afonso ZavattiniInstitution: Rio Claro Institute of Geosciences and ExactSciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1997/00736-2

Validity of the hypotheses of single scattering in the evaluation of irradiation

Grant holder: Marcelo de Paula CorrêaSupervisor: Artêmio Plana FattoriInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/12625-8

Observational experiments and modeling of losses through interception of the precipitation in the Amazon forest

Grant holder: Vinícius Nóbrega UbaranaSupervisor: Carlos Afonso NobreInstitution: National Institute for Space Research (Inpe) /Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)


Urban climate in the municipality of Ourinhos, São Paulo

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Grant holder: Bruna Regina de Oliveira LimaSupervisor: Jonas Teixeira NeryInstitution: Campus Experimental de Ourinhos / São PauloState University (Unesp)Process 2007/54502-6

Analysis of news related to weather and climate in the newspaper O Estado de S. Paulo in 2006

Grant holder: Rafael Irmão FaltzSupervisor: Luci Hidalgo NunesInstitution: Geosciences Institute/ Campinas State University(Unicamp)Process 2007/03865-1

Lagrangian analysis of the variability of the tropospheric ozone in São Paulo: case studies for autumn and spring 2006

Grant holder: Samya de Lara Lins de Araújo PinheiroSupervisor: Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/59326-9

The vertical profile of ozone in São Paulo

Grant holder: Cindy de AlbuquerqueSupervisor: Maria de Fátima AndradeInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/56658-0

Preliminary study of the relationship between ozone, hydrogen peroxide and meteorological parameters in the São Paulo atmosphere

Grant holder: Wagner GalichioSupervisor: Adalgiza FornaroInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/56232-3

Climatology interfaces: urban planning, medialogical approach and environmental perception

Grant holder: Flávio Renato Nascimento dos SantosSupervisor: Luci Hidalgo NunesInstitution: Geosciences Institute / Campinas State University(Unicamp)Process 2006/56179-5

Study of the sulfur compounds in thegaseous phase (SO2) and aqueous (SO42-)phase in the city of São Paulo

Grant holder: Beatriz Sayuri OyamaSupervisor: Adalgiza FornaroInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/54973-6

The control of the fluxes of surface energy in the formation of nebulosity: an investigation using measurements in flow towers

Grant holder: Sandra Isay SaadSupervisor: Humberto Ribeiro da RochaInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/55011-0

Study of the variation of the sea level in the southwest region of the South Atlantic,comparison with results of numerical simulation and correlation with the variationof sea surface temperature

Grant holder: Daniel Menon Simões MoitaSupervisor: Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/54674-6

Analysis of the thermal field in Araraquara, São Paulo

Grant holder: Fabrício Ismael Aud CaruanoSupervisor: Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade AmorimInstitution: Presidente Prudente School of Science andTechnology / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2005/01875-4

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Analysis of the variation in the level of the tides associated with frontal disturbancesin the genesis of extreme episodes on thenorthern coast of São Paulo state

Grant holder: Newton BrigattiSupervisor: João Lima Sant’Anna NetoInstitution: Presidente Prudente School of Science andTechnology / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2004/07910-3

Climatic variability of rain and temperature in the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Amanda Sabatini DufekSupervisor: Tércio AmbrizziInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/01851-5

Analysis of the climatic extremes in the west of the State of São Paulo based on news carried by local press

Grant holder: Camila Grosso de SouzaSupervisor: João Lima Sant´Anna NetoInstitution: Presidente Prudente School of Science andTechnology / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2003/00235-6

Analysis of the variability of the climateassociated with the occurrence of epidemics(malaria, dengue, and yellow fever) in thewest of São Paulo state

Grant holder: Ademilson DamascenoSupervisor: João Lima Sant´Anna NetoInstitution: Presidente Prudente School of Science andTechnology / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2003/00234-0

Determination of the humidity of the soil by remote sensing for initialization of modelsof numerical forecasting of the weather

Grant holder: Rodrigo GevaerdSupervisor: Saulo Ribeiro de FreitasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2001/14981-6

Climatic classifications to identify the typicaland atypical years in some localities in theState of São Paulo

Grant holder: Janaína JurcaSupervisor: José Tadeu Garcia TommaselliInstitution: Presidente Prudente School of Science andTechnology / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2000/08088-4

Comparative analysis of the TM-Landsat and HRV-Spot images in the mapping of the land use and ground cover on thesouth coast of the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Fernando Shinji KawakuboSupervisor: Ailton LuchiariInstitution: School of Philosophy, Arts and Human Sciences /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/01477-5

Detection of environmental impacts through images of remote sensing

Grant holder: Jonas Luís OrtizSupervisor: Maria Isabel Castreghini de FreitasInstitution: Rio Claro Institute of Geosciences and ExactSciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1999/11240-3

The increase in biomass burnings in thewinter period in the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Marisa Boteon Varella AmancioSupervisor: Ana Tereza Caceres CortezInstitution: Rio Claro Institute of Geosciences and ExactSciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1999/11196-4

Characterization of the beginning of diurnal convection in the rainy season over the forest and over deforested regions in Rondônia

Grant holder: Luís Gustavo de Paiva PereiraSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/09328-0

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Analysis of the thermodynamic characteristics of the wind gusts associated with meso-scale convective systems in Amazonia

Grant holder: Marcos LongoSupervisor: Maria Assunção Faus da Silva DiasInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1999/07882-0

Climatological study of the resurgence in the southwest region of the South Atlantic

Grant holder: Andrea Sardinha TaschettoSupervisor: Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy WainerInstitution: Institute of Oceanography / University of SãoPaulo (USP)Process 1999/07202-9

Applications of a spectral model of the shallow water to the problem of inter-hemispheric influence of heat sources


Analysis of the convective instability during the meteorological experiment on the atmosphere of the Sertão (Emas)

Grant holder: Alexandre José do Nascimento SilvaSupervisor: Adilson Wagner GanduInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/07897-9

Comparative analysis of the regimes of evapotranspiration and precipitation in cleared and forested areas in the Amazon region

Grant holder: Francisco Sérgio Maia AlvesSupervisor: Iria Fernandes VendrameInstitution: Technological Institute of Aeronautics / AirspaceTechnical Center (CTA)Process 1996/01950-5

Experimental evaluation of the atmosphericturbidity in the city of São Paulo

Grant holder: José Roberto RozanteSupervisor: Artêmio Plana FattoriInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/04949-2

Refinement of the calculation of water transport in the SIB (Simple Biosphere) model

Grant holder: Paulo Marcos Santo de AlmeidaSupervisor: Carlos Afonso NobreInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry ofScience and TechnologyProcess 1992/05139-9

The forest-pasture interaction in the soil-water balance

Grant holder: Marcos Daisuke OyamaSupervisor: Carlos Afonso NobreInstitution: National Institute for Space Research / Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT)Process 1992/05138-2

SCIENTIFIC JOURNALISM

Dissemination of the activities of remote sensing undertaken by theNational Institute of Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP

Grant holder: Mayla Yara PortoSupervisor: Carlos Alberto VogtInstitution: Nucleus for Development and Creativity /Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2001/03282-0

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Human and Social

THEMATIC PROJECTS

Socio-environmental dynamics, local development and sustainability on the SãoPaulo–Paraná–Mato Grosso do Sul frontier

Messias Modesto dos PassosPresidente Prudente School of Science and TechnologySão Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2005/55505-3Term: Dec/2005 to Nov/2009

The “frontiers” are boundaries, that is, areas of inter-gradation where the processes present themselves accor-ding to a logic of objective landscape discontinuity or,rather, according to: a highly accentuated impermeabi-lity between the plots of land subjected to more or lessindependent territorial definitions and redefinitions.The principal objective of the present project is thestudy of different forms of integration in territorialfragments which, because they belong to different regio-nal ambits, experience different stages of development,different administrative structures and different rela-tionships with the markets. Understanding of these pro-cesses will only be possible starting from the convergen-ce of different perspectives: study of the environment, ofthe rural development, of the regional and urban plan-ning and, in addition, on the socio-environmental andterritorial dynamics. In this sense, it is necessary todevelop studies within the predominant economic andsocial context throughout the history of the occupationof this territory and, above all, to take into considerationthe “successive societies” and their relationships with theenvironment, or rather: 1) the degradation of the envi-ronment starting from an integrated analysis: deforesta-tion-erosion-silting up-seasonalization of water cour-ses; 2) the history of the use and of the ownership of theland; 3) of the impact of major works – hydroelectric,alcohol plants; 4) of the reflections of social movements,notably the MST; 5) of the reflections of the alterationsin ecological potential and biological exploration on thesustainability of local-regional development. The inte-grated analysis will be carried out based on the theore-tical-methodological approach centered on the geos-ystemic model, recognized as an anthropic concept, orrather, it (the geosystem) does not have the function ofexplaining society in its relationship with the territory,but of understanding the physiognomy and the functio-ning of the territory under the impact of society. One ofthe objectives of the project, the production of texts,under the general title “the dividing border and itsmunicipalities: socio-environmental contrasts and con-flicts”, to be published, initially, in the form of fort-nightly inserts (in the regional press), which will subse-quently be gathered together and published in bookformat.

Intrametropolitan dynamic and socio-demographic vulnerability in the metropolises in the interior of the State of São Paulo: Campinas and Santos

José Marcos Pinto da CunhaNucleus for Population StudiesCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2003/09043-2Term: Aug/2004 to Feb/2009

The present project seeks to understand the dyna-mic of spatial distribution and populational mobility intwo of the most important metropolitan regions of theState of São Paulo; the consequences of this mobilityfor the distribution of the population in the space; andthe determining factors and socioeconomic, demogra-phic and environmental consequences of these factors.Campinas and Santos are highly urbanized regions, theexpansion of which some time ago has gone beyondtheir own municipal boundaries to enter into themunicipalities of their surroundings, where the rates ofgrowth today are much higher than that of the centralmunicipality. The question in this research is: What arethe factors and the socio-demographic processes thatmediate the negative (or positive) consequences of thispattern of growth for the local populations? How dothese factors operate in the population’s capability ofdealing with different types of risk? While socioecono-mic level is the most important factor in the protectionof populations from the adverse effects of social ornatural origin, populations in similar situationsdemonstrate different capacities in responding to thesedisturbances. It is in this sense that it is considered thatforms of capital can be of equal importance. The con-cept of vulnerability is used in this project to accountfor differentiated capabilities for self-protection. Thefocus is given to families and homes, and to the socio-demographic variables relevant to avoiding the impactsof social and environmental risks. Our hypothesis isthat factors such as age, type of family, stage in the lifecycle, family setups, educational level, period of resi-dence and the existence of social networks and com-munity organizations represent reserves of social andhuman capital that can be mobilized to help in facingrisks. The project will analyze, first, secondary sources –principally the censuses of 1970, 1980, 1991 and 2000 –to produce a portrait of the socio-demographic charac-teristics related to the territorial expansion of the urbanareas. Combining three dimensions relative to physical-financial, human, and social capital, the first stage ofthis project aims to identify and map zones of vulnera-bility within the urban areas of the metropolitanregions of Campinas and Santos. Of especial interestare the areas recently occupied on the edges of the cities

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of the region, where the centrifugal expansion of thepole city, as well as each of the smaller cities, resulted insparsely occupied areas, where basic social and environ-mental infrastructure is lacking. The demography ofthe urban sprawl and the importance of its environ-mental component are little studied phenomena in thecountry. It is hoped that the project, in addition to atheoretical contribution, will also bring important con-tributions to the understanding of the demographicand territorial components of urban growth and , espe-cially, of the differentiated capacities of individuals andhomes in dealing with the negative aspects of thisgrowth. Considering that the data from the censuses islimited in the examination of the phenomena in ques-tion and therefore, in order to conduct the proposedanalysis, the second phase of this project includes sam-ple surveys of the population in the two metropolitanregions. The perspectives of understanding the com-plex matrix of the factors involved in the reduction ofthe vulnerability will be greatly widened by the house-to-house research.


Study of the socio-environmental impacts motivated by the advance of theagricultural frontier along the BR-163

Messias Modesto dos PassosPresidente Prudente School of Science and TechnologySão Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2003/07064-2Term: Dec/2003 to Dec/2006

The process of colonization, throughout Brazil’shistory, occurred in stages, obeying the east-west move-ment and was motivated by the production of rawmaterial geared to the international market. This is oneof the reasons for its fragility. Amazonia and theCenter-West suffered great impact from the policies ofthe military government. Amazonia, identified withrubber, and the Center-West with extensive cattle far-ming, are going to have their economies diversified.The decades of the 1970s and 1980s were marked by therapid retreat of those surfaces occupied by topicalforests. This phenomenon is particularly spectacular inBrazil, where it is estimated that 551 thousand km2 ofAmazon Forest were destroyed for agricultural deve-lopment (livestock farming). The case of Mato Grossois very revealing from that evolution, due to the exten-sion of the surfaces conquered by agriculture at theexpense of the forest and, also, due to the diversity ofthe pre-existing landscapes and the actual forms of

occupation of the so-called “empty spaces”. The tempo-ral-spatial scale of the territorial dynamics requires apermanent and rapid tracking of the cartography ofthose regions: satellite images meet this objective. InMato Grosso, agricultural colonization is carried out,notably, by large private businesses from the South andSoutheast of the country. The center-north of the statewas “divided up” in the 1970s between three companies(Líder, Sinop and Indeco), which established coloniza-tion programs based on agricultural development ofthe lands supported by an “urban” network and in ruralcenters. Each one of these companies turned themsel-ves into prime motive for the foundation of the princi-pal urban centers of the north of Mato Grosso, respec-tively Colider, Sinop and Alta Floresta. The first stage ofagricultural colonization is the opening of terrestrialpaths of communication. The tracks, more or less pas-sable in the rainy season, degrade rapidly, but permitthe arrival and installation of the colonizers. Or rather,the maintenance of these axes is essential for the successof the explorations (commercialization of the agricul-tural products). Two levels of paths of communicationcan be identified in Mato Grosso: 1) a main network ofasphalted roads: the BR (federal highways) 364 and 174which cross Mato Grosso in the east-west direction lin-king Rondônia to the south of the country ; the BR-163which links Cuiabá to Santarém and which crosses thestate in the south-north direction; secondly we shouldmention the BR-158 (half asphalted), which crosses theeast part of the state, in the north-south direction; 2) anetwork of main tracks (state roads), linking the prin-cipal urban centers to each other. Their maintenance ishaphazard, but these axes play an important role in sus-taining the pioneering zones of the north of the state.As the deforestations are concentrated initially in pro-ximity to the roads and the tracks, it could be conside-red that the distance from these axes constitutes a pri-mary factor to be considered by the modelization. Theexpectation/objective of our study is, initially, to esta-blish a hierarchy of the explanatory factors of the phe-nomena observed, proposing a simplified representa-tion of the reality. Thus, we will be able to highlight theevidence of those regions at risk of being the next to besubjected to deforestation and calculate, for example,an index of deforestation risk based on the parametersobtained. We believe that, based on this, it is possible topropose probable evolutions of the extension of thedeforestation by extrapolation and supply entry datafor medium scale climatic models. Thus, we are goingto take control of the territorial fragment, for the pur-poses of more systematic investigation , defined by thestrip of land of the BR-163 – from Cuiabá (MatoGrosso) to Santarém (Pará).

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Urban restructuring and the environment:the case of São Paulo

Daniel Joseph HoganInstitute of Philosophy and Human SciencesCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1995/04717-7Term: Oct/1995 to Sep/1996

The aim is to evaluate the environmental conse-quences of the process of urban restructuring of themetropolitan region of São Paulo, taking as referencethe double process of de-industrialization and reinfor-cement of the metropolis as a center for services. Theabrupt change in the structure of employment, as wellas the increase in relative poverty deriving from thisprocess of restructuring, induces growing portions ofthe population to reside in environmentally inadequa-te areas. The eastern zone of the city of São Paulo isused as case study, observing the evolution of the popu-lation residing in areas subject to flooding, as well astheir economic and social conditions.

Social actors in the deforestation in the Serra do Mar, São Paulo: conflicts of interest between preservation and regional development

Daniel Joseph HoganNucleus for Environmental Studies and ResearchCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1994/00275-7Term: Jun/1994 to Nov/1994

This research aims to analyze the formation ofsocial actors during the negotiation process for theestablishment of the reserve in the Atlantic Rainforestbiosphere, with emphasis on the case of the Serra doMar, in the state of São Paulo. It is intended to investi-gate the possibilities of environmental conservationprograms in poor dependent economies. The centralhypothesis of the research indicates that any emergentsocial demand must be incorporated by broad sectorsof society in order for them be turned into a govern-ment program. In the case of the demand for environ-mental quality, the alarming indices of poverty end uprelegating conservation plans to the second category onofficial agendas and in the demands of civil society. Thesolutions for the conservation of the bioma in theAtlantic Rainforest will only be possible and effective ifthere is greater possible coincidence between the spaceof legitimization and the field of action of the decision-making distances.

Evaluating international scientific collaboration in Amazonia

Lea Maria Leme Strini VelhoInstitute of GeosciencesCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1992/04823-3Term: Mar/1993 to Feb/1994

The biological diversity existing in the Brazilianecosystems, today under threat of irrecoverable loss, isof an inestimable value to humanity. For the preserva-tion of this patrimony, the participation of more scien-tifically and economically developed countries is fun-damental, for example, The United States, Japan,Germany, United Kingdom, France and Spain. It isimportant, however, to bear in mind that this naturalwealth has a very great potential to produce economicwealth the appropriation of which could be one of thevariables that generates the interest of the developedcountries in tropical ecosystems. Probably, for thismotive, projects of scientific cooperation in Amazoniahave, systematically, been the focus of controversies inrelation to the scientific themes that should be studied,to the appropriate methods for studying them and,principally, to the use and ownership of the resultsgenerated. This research is based on the premise thatsuch projects of scientific collaboration on the biodi-versity of Amazonia are necessary, but that they shouldbe evaluated in order for their benefits and problems tobe made explicit. In view of this, the study we intend todevelop will analyze two scientific collaboration pro-jects in the region : the Inpa/Orstom (France) agree-ment and the Maracá project (Inpa/Royal GeographicalSociety – United Kingdom). It is believed that theresults from this research could provide support for theestablishment of national public policies relating toscientific collaboration with other countries.

GRANTS

RESEARCH ABROAD

Use of geotechnologies in the analysis of climate changes in metropolises: the example of São Paulo and Lisbon

Grant holder: Magda Adelaide LombardoInstitution: Rio Claro Institute for Geosciences and ExactSciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Institution abroad: University of Lisbon, PortugalProcess 2007/00974-4

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POST-DOCTORATE

Challenges for sustainable urbanization in the intra-metropolitan space of Campinasand Santos: populational mobility, socio-environmental vulnerability and the evidence (local, regional and global)

Grant holder: Ricardo OjimaSupervisor: Daniel Joseph HoganInstitution: Nucleus for Population Studies / Campinas StateUniversity (Unicamp)Process 2007/01251-6

DOCTORATE

The perception of rubber tappers on climate changes in the extractivist reservesof Alto Juruá and Chico Mendes, Acre

Grant holder: Erika MesquitaSupervisor: Mauro William Barbosa de AlmeidaInstitution: Institute of Philosophy and Human Sciences /Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2007/59254-0

MASTERS

Social and environmental vulnerability in Cubatão, São Paulo: the case of the Cota200 neighborhood

Grant holder: Diomário Coelho CerqueiraSupervisor: Daniel Joseph HoganInstitution: Institute of Philosophy and Human Sciences /Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2008/52191-6

Press and environment – study of the journalistic discourse on biodiversity

Grant holder: Aparecida Célia de Sousa CamboimSupervisor: Cremilda Celeste de Araújo MedinaInstitution: School of Communications and Arts / Universityof São Paulo (USP)Process 1995/08902-3


The Kyoto protocol and the internationalenvironmental order: scenarios for 2012

Grant holder: Daniel SallesSupervisor: Wagner Costa RibeiroInstitution: School of Philosophy, Arts and Human Sciences /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/60801-3

Pluviometric variability and agricultural productivity in the Vale do Médio Paranapanema, São Paulo

Grant holder: Daniela Fernanda da SilvaSupervisor: João Lima Sant’Anna NetoInstitution: Ourinhos Experimental Campus / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2006/56113-4

Kyoto protocol: transfer of clean energytechnology in developing countries

Grant holder: Helena Margarido MoreiraSupervisor: Analúcia Bueno dos Reis GiomettiInstitution: Franca School of History, Law and Social Services /São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2005/51866-1

Brazil and the international debate on the greenhouse effect

Grant holder: Leandro BeliniSupervisor: Mirian Cláudia Lourenção SimonettiInstitution: Marília School of Philosophy and Sciences / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2000/14387-4

SCIENTIFIC JOURNALISM

Explanatory animation on the methodologiesused to show evidence of and explain clima-te changes that occurred in recent years

Grant holder: Felipe Bondezan Rodrigues de OliveiraSupervisor: Maria Elisa Siqueira SilvaInstitution: School of Communications and Arts / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/52012-1

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Dissemination of activities of Laboratory of Climate Studies in the Institute ofGeosciences (LEC/IG)

Grant holder: André GardiniSupervisor: Carlos Alberto VogtInstitution: Rectory / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2007/05588-5

Dissemination of activities of the changes inland use in Amazonia project: implicationsfor climate and the carbon cycle

Grant holder: Ana Luiza de Azevedo Pires SérioSupervisor: Carlos Alberto VogtInstitution: Nucleus for Development and Creativity /Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2003/02126-0

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Chemistry

THEMATIC PROJECTS

Mercury fluxes in the Rio Negro Basin,Amazon

Wilson de Figueiredo JardimInstitute of ChemistryCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2000/13517-1Term: May/2001 to Aug/2004

This thematic project is of strategic importance forBrazil since it intends to generate detailed knowledgeabout the dynamics of the chemical element mercuryin the Negro River basin of the Amazon region. Toattain this principal objective, the project unites amulti-institutional team from UNICAMP, UNESP andPUC-Campinas, which is engaged in quantifying thechemical componentes in the several potential reser-voirs for mercury, as well as in measuring the flux ofthese species between water and the mechanisms andthe controlling agents of these processes. To attain thisprincipal objective, the team proposes the followingactivities: a) validation of analytical methods to deter-mine mercury in the several matrices of interest, follo-wed by quantification of mercury in the several reser-voirs and determination of the metal flux betweenthese reservoirs; b) study of the dynamics of transfer ofmercury in the water/atmosphere interface, identifyingand quantifying the fluxes between these matrices aswell as the role played by such environmental parame-ters as the pH of the water, the intensity of solar radia-tion, the quantity of dissolved organic matter and thepresence of natural oxidizing agents, in order to esta-blish mechanisms which explain the formation andtransfer of gaseous mercury; c) study of the dynamicsof the transfer of mercury present in the soil to theatmosphere, identifying and quantifying the emissionand deposition of gaseous mercury between theseinterfaces ande determining their dependence on thetype of soil and the amount of plant coverage, as well asthe influence of factors such as the humidity and tem-perature of the soil, the intensity of light and the tem-perature and humidity of the air; d) quantify the distri-bution of mercury in the river basin as a function of thetype of soil, to establish the role that humic materialhas in the speciation of mercury in the soil and its lea-ching into the aquatic system.


Determination of polycyclic aromatic derivatives in atmospheric aerosols

Lilian RothschildInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/55506-2Term: Oct/2006 to Sep/2008

The existence of a relationship between the exposu-re to atmospheric particulate matter and the effects onhuman health has been the goal of much research. Inurban areas, the principal source of particulate matteris the incomplete burning of fuel in the engines of vehi-cles, and the inhalable fraction of this matter is associa-ted with a large variety of chemical substances, many ofwhich are toxic. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were identified as being significant compo-nents of atmospheric particulate matter, since they pre-sent mutagenic and/or cancerigenic activity. Morerecently, some nitro-PAHs and oxy-PAHs were recogni-zed as more toxic compounds than their precursorsand, even present in low levels in atmospheric particu-late matter, the accentuated mutagenic activity makesthem of great toxicological interest. Despite efforts tocharacterize particulate matter in urban atmospheres,the organic compounds identified to-date do notexplain all the toxicity found in this matter. The objec-tive of this project is to determine nitro-PAH and oxy-PAH in atmospheric particulate matter in the city ofSão Paulo, a highly polluted urban center in which thepredominant sources of emissions are motor vehiclesdriven by gasoline, ethanol and diesel. The determina-tion of levels of concentration of the derivatives ofPAHs will be carried out in localities which are highlyand barely impacted by anthropogenic sources, espe-cially vehicles, using bidimensional gas chromato-graphy which offers interesting analytical characteris-tics for complex matrices such as samples ofatmospheric particulate matter.

Organic compounds indicators of naturaland anthropic emissions

Pérola de Castro VasconcellosInstitute of Chemistry/University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/51476-1Term: Jul/2006 to Dec/2008

In the tropics the major source of aerosols is bio-mass burning. In Brazil, sugar cane production expan-ded mainly for ethanol production used as automotivefuel. The leaves are burnt and polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAH) are formed. PAH characterizationhas been done in three urban áreas with sugarcane bur-ning influences and one mega city area to assess the airquality and determine human exposure levels to these

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compounds. Studies have been done in the burningseason (August 2002 and July 2003) and in the wet sea-son (March 2003). N-aIkanes, PAH, and nitro-PAHassociated with atmospheric particulate matter wereidentified and quantified (n=82 samples) in ambientair and in direct emissions samples. Trace gases weremonitored in the mega city site. Air mass back trajecto-ries have been calculated to identify the origin of thesmoke. After particulate extraction in Soxhlet and frac-tions separation by HPLC, the samples were analyzedby GC/MS. Fractions and total extracts from three sam-ples were tested in the Salmonella/microsome assaywith TA98 and YG104 strains, and nitro-PAH seemedto be responsible to the mutagenicity detected in alIsamples analyzed. The results show the highest totalPAH (43 ng/m3) and PM1O levels (91 µg/m3) werefound in ARA-2002. This site receives strong contribu-tions of sugarcane burning. 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene, photochemical mutagenic compoundswere found mostly in urban site (61 pg/m3 and 15pg/m3). Considering all sites 68% of the ambient sam-ples collected (n=40) were above WHO standards forPM1O (50 ug/m3) and for TSP (120 ug/m3). Among thePAH fluoranthene (346 µg/m3), pyrene (333 µg/m3) andbenzo(a)anthracene (251 ug/m3) presented the highestlevels in direct emissions.

Studies of nitrogen compounds present in the atmosphere in the central region of the State of São Paulo

Arnaldo Alves CardosoAraraquara Institute of ChemistrySão Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2005/53001-8Term: Aug/2005 to Jul/2008

This project has the objective of understanding thesources, composition, transformations and possibleenvironmental implications resulting from the emis-sion and presence of some nitrogen compounds in theatmosphere in the central region of the State of SãoPaulo. To attain these objectives samples of the atmos-phere will collected throughout the year for the deter-mination of the average composition of the species NO,NO2, NH3, ozone in the gaseous phase and NH4+, N02-,NH+4 in the particulate matter and in the rainwatercollected in the region. By way of result it is hoped tocreate a model for emission, transport and depositionof these compounds in the region and make it possiblewith this knowledge to understand possible effects onthe atmosphere.

Use of diffuse reflectance spectrophotometryfor verifying the detailed history of the whi-tening of marine coral samples

Inês JoekesInstitute of ChemistryCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2003/06625-0Term: Nov/2003 to Dec/2005

In situations of environmental stress corals can losethe algal symbionts that live in their gastroderm andwhich give them their color, turning whitish. The whi-tening leaves the corals vulnerable to several patholo-gies and can evolve into cases of mortality of the colonyor regression in cases of recuperation of algals andresumption of growth of the colonies. In this project itis intended to adapt and optimize the technique of dif-fuse reflectance spectrophotometry for verification ofthe whitening of samples with a known detailed historyin order to validate the technique. With the techniquevalidated, it is intended to determine the detailed his-tory of the whitening of samples with unknown his-tory. It is intended to carry out complementary andalternative trials for the determination of the history ofwhitening of coral samples.

Biogeochemistry of metals in aquatic environments and in the atmosphere. Part I:chemical speciation of metals in rainwater

Maria Lúcia Arruda de Moura CamposRibeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/01532-4Term: Nov/2003 to Nov/2007

In this project the proposal is to evaluate the chemi-cal speciation of several metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Al)and the concentrations of organic carbon dissolved inrainwater, with the objective of investigating some ofthe physical-chemical mechanisms which may altermetallic species in the atmosphere and, consequently,the species that will be deposited in the aquatic environ-ment. The rain samples will be collected principally inRibeirão Preto, and possible seasonal differences in thedeposition of metals and organic matter will be investi-gated. The concentrations of metals in the dissolvedphase and the lixiviatable metals (pH 1) of the particu-late phase will be evaluated by cathodic stripping vol-tammetry. This study aims to provide a contribution tothe clarification of the role of organic matter and of thephotochemical reactions in the alterations of the physi-cal-chemical properties of metals in the atmosphere.

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Development of methods in situ close to real time for atmospheric trace gases

Arnaldo Alves CardosoAraraquara Institute of ChemistrySão Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2000/14810-4Term: Sep/2001 to Nov/2005

The project intends to develop a method for thedetermination of gases in the atmosphere, seeking touse a set-up which is easy to transport and, therefore,can be used in the location where the problem exists.The determination should be made immediately afterthe end of the sampling phase and using a specific reac-tion with color formation. The determination will beundertaken colorimetrically, using LEDs as light sourceand equipment to read the analytical signal. For thedevelopment of the project it is intended to adapt areaction to gaseous ammonia, possibly the Berthelotreaction which forms blue coloring. The project shouldbe developed using the hanging drop technique, wherea drop of solution is coupled to a device for reading ofthe absorbency variation directly in the drop.

Study of the contribution of sugarcane burning to atmospheric contamination by PAHs and nitro PAH.Evaluation of the occupational exposure of sugarcane cutters to PAHs

Mary Rosa Rodrigues de MarchiAraraquara Institute of Chemistry /São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1998/01514-6Term: Aug/1998 to Apr/2001

It is intended to study the contribution of sugarca-ne burning to atmospheric contamination through theemission of PAHs and nitro-PAHs and evaluate theoccupational exposure of sugarcane cutters to thesecompounds by means of the determination of theseemissions in the particulate matter in suspension andinhablable and through monitoring of the biologicalindicator excreted in the urine as 1-hydroxypyrene. Thesamples of IPM will be collected through Hi-vol sam-plers in the city and in the canefields, throughout theyear, to obtain a seasonal view of the contaminationstudied. The IPM will be collected in the respiratoryzone of the sugarcane cutters and from these same wor-kers urine will be collected for the determination of thebiological indicator.

Aquatic chemistry of mercury in the river Negro: importance of sunlight in the redox process

Wilson de Figueiredo JardimInstitute of ChemistryCampinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1997/10160-0Term: Nov/1997 to Jun/1999

The present project aims to study the importance ofsolar light in the reduction of the HgC+ species presentin waters rich in organic carbon in the bay of the riverNegro, Amazonas, as well as possible ecotoxicologicalconsequences of this mechanism.

Study of the paleoclimatic alterations in central Amazonia, through the use of 14Cdating and isotopic reason 13C/12C

Luiz Carlos Ruiz PessendaCenter for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1995/03037-2Term: Sep/1995 to Dec/1997

With the use of carbon isotopes (12C, 13C and14C) from the organic matter of soils in the region ofHumaitá, south of the state of Amazonas, it is intendedto evaluate the existing dynamic in the sequence cerra-do-transition-natural forest predominant in the area.How long these vegetations have been present naturallyin the Amazonian ecosystem, appearing to be in equili-brium or in regression/expansion, are important ques-tions to be answered. Using the same isotopic analysesin fossils buried in the ground (charcoals), additionalinformation with respect to paleovegetations fromphotosynthetic cycle C3 or C4 could also be obtained.

Determination of partial pressure of CO2

in the ocean mixed layer

Rolf Roland WeberInstitute of OceanographyUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/05978-6Term: Jun/1995 a May/1997

From the investigation of the oceanic carbonate sys-tem it is possible to quantify the oceans as anthropoge-nic CO2 sinks. With this objective it is intended to con-tribute to the elaboration of an analytical methodologyfor the determination of PCO2 and with its measure-

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ment in the South Atlantic ocean, currently, very littledocumented. To estimate the liquid fluxes of CO2 in theatmosphere-ocean interface, it is necessary to study thefactors which regulate the distribution of PCO2 in themarine environment. In this way, we will also determi-ne in the same samples salinity, temperature, pH, nutri-ents and chlorophyll.

Characterization of atmospheric particulatematter: II. Identification and quantificationof polar organic compounds

Lilian RothschildInstitute of ChemistryUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/01634-0Term: Oct/1994 to Sep/1996

The present project has as its objective: a) separa-tion and identification of organic classes present in thepolar fraction of atmospheric particulate matter, withemphasis on the potentially mutagenic and/or carcino-genic compounds; b) development of an analyticalmethodology suitable for the recognition of the com-pounds of interest, evaluating the identity of the speciesand the quantification of the same and the chemicalcharacterization of the location of sampling in relationto the compounds found and the comparative studywith other urban sites, which were investigated usingsimilar methodologies of collection, extraction fractio-ning and analyses.

GRANTS

RESEARCH ABROAD

Detectors for ozone and other oxidizinggases in the atmosphere

Grant holder: Arnaldo Alves CardosoInstitution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry /São Paulo State University (Unesp)Institution abroad: Texas Tech University, USAProcess 2002/07005-3

POST-DOCTORATE

Study of the spatial and temporal distribution of macronutrients in the atmosphere of the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Cristine de Mello Dias MachadoSupervisor: Arnaldo Alves CardosoInstitution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2007/58219-7

Studies for the chemical characterization of rain waters in São Paulo

Grant holder: Adalgiza FornaroInstitution: Institute of Chemistry / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 1998/13421-2

DOCTORATE

Refinement of methodologies for the collection and determination of pollutants in gas phase in the atmosphere using diffusion sampling with micro-porous capillary membranes

Grant holder: Lúcia Helena Gomes CoelhoSupervisor: Ivano Gebhardt Rolf GutzInstitution: Institute of Chemistry / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 2004/15290-5

Structure and reactivity of organic matter in areas with potential for carbonsequestration in the soil: studies with spectroscopic methods

Grant holder: Aline SegniniSupervisor: Ladislau Martin NetoInstitution: Embrapa Farming Instrumentation / BrazilianAgricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa)Process 2003/06096-8

Emissions of gases responsible for greenhouse effect in hydroelectric reservoirs

Grant holder: Raquel de Cássia Rodrigues SofiaSupervisor: Wilson de Figueiredo JardimInstitution: Institute of Chemistry / Campinas State University(Unicamp)Process 1997/00758-6

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The chemical behavior of mercury in the Rio Negro region: speciation, photo-interactions and inter-reservoir transport

Grant holder: Pedro Sérgio FadiniSupervisor: Wilson de Figueiredo JardimInstitution: Institute of Chemistry / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 1995/02975-9

MASTERS

Refinement and application of methods for the determination of basic and acidiccompounds in rainwater and monitoring of hydrogen peroxide in the liquid and gasphase in the São Paulo atmosphere

Grant holder: Lúcia Helena Gomes CoelhoSupervisor: Ivano Gebhardt Rolf GutzInstitution: Institute of Chemistry / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 2002/11336-5

Evaluation of the impact of emissions ofhydrocarbons by vegetation in the formationof photochemical oxidants in São Paulo

Grant holder: Leila Droprinchinski MartinsSupervisor: Pérola de Castro VasconcellosInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2000/01400-2

Seasonal combustion of sugarcane in theState of São Paulo as a source of non-volatilehydrocarbons in atmospheric aerosols

Grant holder: Alexandre FrancoSupervisor: Arnaldo Alves CardosoInstitution: Araraquara Institute of Chemistry / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 1998/16419-9


Development of analytical methodology torefine the determination of greenhouseeffect gases CH4 and CO in samples collected in Amazonia

Grant holder: Lilian PolakiewiczSupervisor: Elaine Arantes Jardim MartinsInstitution: Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research /SãoPaulo State Development Ministry (SDSP)Process 2005/50138-2

Evaluation of fluxes of organic carbon dissolved by the rain in Ribeirão Preto in support of the investigation into the biogeochemical cycle in a sugarcane growing area

Grant holder: Cidelmara Helena CoelhoSupervisor: Maria Lúcia Arruda de Moura CamposInstitution: Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Arts andSciences / University of São Paulo (USP) Process 2003/13913-2

Determination of low concentrations of hydrogen sulphide in natural waters and in the atmosphere

Grant holder: Mariana Beraldo MasuttiSupervisor: Antônio Aparecido MozetoInstitution: Center for Exact Sciences and Technology /Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) Process 1994/00190-1

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Health

THEMATIC PROJECTS

The impact of intra-uterine exposures and in the initial phases of the development toatmospheric pollutants in the developmentof adverse alterations in adult life

Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaSchool of MedicineUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/10772-9Term: Nov/2004 to Mar/2008

Our nucleus of research activities seeks to advancein the knowledge of the effects of air pollution onhealth, evaluating the role of intra-uterine exposureand in the initial phases of post natal development as adetermining factor of adverse functional alterations inthe adult phase. It is known that children are exposed toa variety of toxic environmental agents present in theair, in food and in water. The vulnerability of childrenis increased given the particular characteristics of thisphase of life: greater relative exposure, xenobiotic meta-bolism not totally developed, high rate of somaticgrowth and cell division. What is intended with thisproject is to evaluate in an objective manner the poten-tial for promoting diseases in the adult phase represen-ted by the exposure to environmental levels of atmos-pheric pollution effected in the intra-uterine and postnatal phases of their development. In the sense of pre-venting the proposition from becoming too broad, itwas decided to limit the object of our attention to theadverse effects caused by the exposure of mice to urbanatmospheric pollution, throughout the course of diffe-rent phases of their development, as well as choosing asthe objective of the study some reproductive parame-ters, the development of bronchial hyper-reactivity andpulmonary inflammation. To evaluate the problem, wewill chronically expose three generations of mice toatmospheric pollution in São Paulo. In this experimen-tal protocol, we will use two inhalation chambers – onereceiving the integral, environmental air, and the other,filtered air – in order to create the gradient of pollutionnecessary to achieve our objectives. The chambers areset up side by side in the School of Medicine garden. Inthe chamber with filtered air, we adapted a filtering sys-tem with four aligned filters, so as to be able to signifi-cantly reduce the particulate material and reactive gasesin the atmosphere. Through the crossing of animalswith different past histories of exposure to environ-mental pollutants, the following hypotheses will be tes-ted: a) the prolonged exposure to environmental levelsof air pollution in São Paulo has the potential to causeinflammatory alterations in the airways and pulmonarytissue, bronchial hyper-reactivity and reproductive alte-

rations; b) the embryonic phase and the beginning ofpost-natal development condition a greater vulnerabi-lity to the action of pollutants; c) reproductive and res-piratory parameters can be influenced by exposure topollutants in the initial phases of development; d)intra-uterine and post-uterine exposures can exercise asynergetic role in the pathogenicity of the alterationscaused by air pollution; e) the magnitude of the altera-tions caused by the pollution at the beginning of lifecan be sufficient to cause significant dysfunctions in theadult phase.

Atmospheric pollution in the metropolitan region of São Paulo: impacts on health of the population and proposition of remedial measures

Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaSchool of MedicineUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/00552-0Term: Dec/1994 to Feb/1998

The present study proposes experiments which aimto provide information on the relationship betweenurban atmospheric pollution and health. To this end,epidemiological and laboratory techniques will beapplied in the context of the city of São Paulo, consti-tuting a set of experiments which seek: a) to draw upstatistical models which aim to explore the relationshipbetween mortality and pollution; b) to study the possi-ble relationship between atmospheric pollution andindicators of respiratory health in the infant popula-tion; c) to evaluate the toxicity in vitro on the respira-tory epithelium of inhalable particulate material in theSão Paulo atmosphere. The carrying out of this projectrequires the integration of different research groups.


Analysis of the chemical signatures of particulate material emitted by differentdiesel/biodiesel concentrations and theirtoxic effects in biological systems

Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaSchool of MedicineUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/57747-0Term: Dec/2007 to Nov/2009

Atmospheric pollution presents itself as a publichealth problem in industrialized urban centers, with

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the ever increasing presence of automobiles and indus-tries as polluting sources. The effects on health havebeen intensively studied in recent years, demonstratingthat exposure to atmospheric pollutants has been res-ponsible for an increase in morbid-mortality and inhospitalizations due to cardio-respiratory problemsand cancer. The adoption of programs of alternativefuels, such as alcohol in the decade of the 70s andnowadays biodiesel, has as one of its objectives thereduction in the emission of atmospheric pollutants, aswell as the minimization of its toxic effects on health.Thus this work intends to analyze the chemical compo-sition of the combustible material of the followingfuels: diesel (2000ppm and 500ppm of sulfur) and bio-diesel (B5, B20, B100) correlating the effects withhealth, with a view to providing data on the advantagesand disadvantages of the use of these alternative fuelsfor the elaboration of public policies which aim for animprovement in the quality of the air and in the life ofthe population.

An analysis of the bioaerosols in the atmosphere of the metropolitan region of the city of São Paulo

Fábio Luiz Teixeira GonçalvesInstitute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/05506-8Term: Aug/2004 to Apr/2007

The objective of this study is to quantify and classifythe bioaerosols in the region of Greater São Paulo.Currently there is no information with regard to theconcentration and the species prevalent in the air ofSão Paulo. The simple presence of these bioaerosolsimpacts directly on various areas of science, from pub-lic health to its influence on the formation of cloudsabove the city. Therefore, the quantification and taxo-nomic classification of the fungal and bacterial ecos-ystems becomes important in a metropolis such as SãoPaulo to facilitate the understanding of natural pheno-mena, as well as risks of aggravation to the health of itspopulation.

Pulmonary and cardiovascular alterationsinduced by inhalation of concentrated particulate material from the atmosphere of São Paulo

Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaSchool of MedicineUniversity of São Paulo (USP)

Process 2002/09804-0Term: Jan/2005 to Sep/2008

The determination of the toxic potential of inhala-ble particulate material (PM2.5) is not totally determi-ned, especially when one is working with particles deri-ved from the “real world”. Clarification of this point isof primordial importance when seeking to determinethe mechanisms through which PM2.5 causes increasesin morbidity and mortality in the exposed populations,as pointed out in the epidemiological studies. Thegeneral objective of this study will be to determine thetoxicity of different doses of PM2.5. We will evaluate anextensive battery of histopathological, hematologicaland cardiovascular tests in mice exposed to the ambientparticle concentrator (CPA) in São Paulo. By means ofthe variation in the profile of the emitting sources, it ishoped that the present project may contribute to thequestion of pulmonary and cardiovascular toxicity ofthe different constituent elements of PM2.5.

Effect of air pollution in the carcinogenesis of mice

Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaSchool of MedicineUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/09803-4Term: Jul/2003 to Jul/2005

The effects of air pollution are amply documented.Atmospheric pollutants constitute a public health pro-blem, potentially, in the metropolitan region of SãoPaulo, which breaches the norms of air quality. Not allthe adverse effects to health which those pollutants cancause have been well established, although severalharmful effects have been well documented. Neoplasmsare among the most frequently professed chroniceffects of the exposure to air pollution. Thus, this studyintends to evaluate the potential of the formation ofneoplasms, using mice as the experimental model. Themice will be placed in open-topped chambers, in thefollowing conditions of exposure: clean air, with filterfor particles and gases; intermediary 1, with filter forgases; intermediary 2, with filter for particulate mate-rial and unclean air, without filtering. In each chamberthe mice will be divided in two groups, one will receiven-nitroso-methylurea and the other will be used ascontrol. The mice will be accompanied for six months,taking as base the experiment of Reymão et al. (1997).At the end of the experiment the mice will be sacrificedand an autopsy performed, and the selected materialwill be subjected to verification for the presence oftumors. The results of the exposure will be subjected to

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statistical analysis matching with data obtained fromthe Cetesb monitoring station.

PUBLIC POLICIES RESEARCH PROGRAM – SUS

Analysis of morbidity and mortality associated with climate variation in themunicipality of São Paulo

Miguel Cendoroglo NetoAlbert Einstein Hospital / Albert Einstein Brazilian IsraeliBeneficent Society Process 2006/61520-8Term: May/2007 to Jun/2008

The present study will analyze climatic factors asso-ciation – humidity, lowest temperature, and atmosphe-ric pressure, versus morbidity incidence and mortalityin acute myocardium infarction, stroke, pneumoniaand asthma in the city of São Paulo between 2001 and2005. The analysis of those associations by implemen-ting a statistical model based on climatologic data andinstitutional data of morbid-mortality plotted in SãoPaulo city map, using a geographic information system,will allow the healthcare services to plan and to optimi-ze their resources for the demand variations.

GRANTS

RESEARCH ABROAD

Ambient air particles increase cardiac vulnerability to ischemia

Grant holder: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Institution abroad: Harvard School of Public Health, UnitedStatesProcess 1999/0116-7

Development of techniques of analysis to be used in the epidemiological vigilanceof the effects of air pollution on health

Grant holder: Alfesio Luís Ferreira BragaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of Santo Amaro(Unisa)Institution abroad: Harvard School of Public Health, EUAProcess 1998/13021-4

POST-DOCTORATE

Fetal alterations induced by the exposure to atmospheric pollution: a study with focuson placentary morphogenesis

Grant holder: Ana Julia de Faria Coimbra LichtenfelsSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 2007/56479-1

DOCTORATE

Study of the alterations in the development,behavior and cerebral biochemistry of malemice exposed to environmental atmosphericpollution in the intra-uterine phase

Grant holder: Ana Cláudia Tedesco ZanchiSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/00642-0

Study of the mutagenic effects of environmental pollution on street workers in São Paulo

Grant holder: Ariadini NegriSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo(USP)Process 2005/55367-0

Evaluation of the effects of air pollution in the city of São Paulo on placentas of animals exposed in different phases of gestation: study of gestation, immunohistochemical and morphometricstudy of the alterations

Grant holder: Mariana Matera VerasSupervisor: Marisa DolhnikoffInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/54857-3

Evaluation of health costs due to atmospheric pollution in the municipality of São Paulo

Grant holder: Simone Georges El Khouri MiragliaSupervisor: Gyorgy Miklos Bohm

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Institution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/15617-1

MASTERS

Effects of atmospheric pollution on initial embryonic development and on uterine receptivity: morphological and molecular studies

Grant holder: Daniela Aparecida Nicolosi Foltran JanuárioSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2007/51746-1

Retrospective evaluation of the relationshipbetween mortality and atmospheric pollutionin the city of São Paulo

Grant holder: Débora Já de Araújo LoboSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1994/00642-0


Relationship between climate alterations and determining factors in the mortality of the elderly in the municipality of São Carlos, São Paulo

Grant holder: Fabiana Vieira SoaresSupervisor: José Rubens RebelattoInstitution: Center for Biological Sciences and Health /Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar)Process 2008/50871-0

Participation of carbon monoxide in orofacial nociception

Grant holder: Raquel Sesso PerchesSupervisor: Luiz Guilherme de Siqueira BrancoInstitution: Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry / University ofSão Paulo (USP)Process 2006/60656-3

Role of specific environmental pollutants in birth weight in São José dos Campos, São Paulo

Grant holder: Douglas Amaral MoreiraSupervisor: Luiz Fernando Costa NascimentoInstitution: Basic Institute of Biosciences / University ofTaubaté (Unitau)Process 2006/59447-0

Determination of regional levels of PTS, NO2 and O3 on the University City campusand correlation of these with the prevalenceand possible aggravation of respiratorysymptoms in employees

Grant holder: Antônio Fernando Barros de Azevedo FilhoSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/56038-2

Determination of regional levels of PTS, NO2 and O3 on the University City campusand correlation of these with the prevalenceand possible aggravation of respiratorysymptoms in employees

Grant holder: Bruna Abílio Gomes de AlmeidaSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2006/56037-6

Role of bronchial innervation in the analysis of cardiac effects after the instillation of particulate matter from the São Paulo atmosphere

Grant holder: Matheus Ramos ToziSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/59298-2

Effects of air pollution on cardiac frequency and arterial oxygen saturation in healthy adults

Grant holder: Letícia BellinasoSupervisor: Ubiratan de Paula SantosInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2005/55827-0

Impact of environmental levels of atmospheric pollution in embryonic development: an experimental study in mice

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Grant holder: Edson Luiz Costa ZaparoliSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/11165-1

Severe coronary syndromes: analysis of seasonal and climatic variations, relationshipwith days of the week and air pollution

Grant holder: Leonardo Manoel Quicoli Rosa de OliveiraSupervisor: Antônio Carlos de Camargo CarvalhoInstitution: Paulista School of Medicine / São Paulo FederalUniversity (Unifesp)Process 2004/08044-8

Vascular alterations in mice chronicallyexposed to pollution in the city of SãoPaulo: quantitative histopathological study

Grant holder: Cláudia Kwei Fong Dai TanabeSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2004/01488-8

Urban atmosphere and health in São Paulo:study with vegetal biological indicators

Grant holder: Fátima SuyamaSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/12798-5

Effects of air pollution in São Paulo on theciliated epithelium of RA – subproject 1:study of the influence of particulate material(PM10) mucociliar transport and in the dif-ference of transepithelial potential

Grant holder: Alexandre Pereira de OliveiraSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/12519-3

Effects of air pollution in São Paulo on the ciliated epithelium of RA – subproject 2: effects of particulate material (PM10) on ciliary beating

Grant holder: Christina Terra GallafrioSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva

Institution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/12518-7

Effects of air pollution in São Paulo on theciliated epithelium of RA – subproject 3:effects of Ph and oxidant potential of PM10on the speed of mucociliar transport

Grant holder: Marcos Takeo ObaraSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1996/12516-4

Correlation between atmospheric pollutionand mortality due to respiratory diseases inchildren and the elderly in São Paulo

Grant holder: Ivana Aparecida BaroneSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/04772-0

Correlation between atmospheric pollutionand mortality due to respiratory diseases inchildren and the elderly in São Paulo

Grant holder: João Marcos SalgeSupervisor: Paulo Hilário Nascimento SaldivaInstitution: School of Medicine / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/04763-0

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Interdisciplinary and grants for other areas


Development of technology for ozone forecasting in the lower atmosphere

Roberto GuardaniPolytechnic SchoolUniversity of São Paulo (USP)Process 1998/14157-7Term: Nov/1999 to May/2005

The present project aims to develop a technologyfor the forecasting of levels of ozone as an atmosphericpollutant in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo(MRSP), to be used both in services of forecasting lev-els of air pollution, and in the identification of the pri-mary causal agents, enabling preventative actions onthe part of the government of the State of São Paulo.The technology to be implemented consists of a com-puter simulation program, that uses mathematicalmodels based on neural networks. Such models aresuitable for the simulation of the complex systems ofchemical reactions and of gas dispersion, contemplatedhere. For the development and adjustment of the math-ematical models, data will be used from measurementsof concentrations of gaseous components in the atmos-phere, as well as meteorological information, suppliedby Cetesb’s network of measurement stations in theMRSP. The final product, in the form of a set of com-putational algorithms, will be subsequently imple-mented for use in the control of air pollution in theregion under consideration, with the possibility ofbeing extended to other regions of the State, based onthe experience to be acquired in this project.

GRANTS

ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE


Cosmologies with vacuum decay: conceptual aspects and observational tests

Grant holder: José Fernando de JesusSupervisor: José Ademir Sales de LimaInstitution: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics andAtmospheric Sciences / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/14019-3

SCIENCE AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING

MASTERS

Semi-automatic recognition and vectorization of regions in remote sensing images

Grant holder: Jefersson Alex dos SantosSupervisor: Ricardo da Silva TorresInstitution: Computer Institute / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2007/53607-9


Comparative study of descriptors of remote sensing images

Grant holder: Lucas Moutinho BuenoSupervisor: Cláudia Maria Bauzer MedeirosInstitution: Computer Institute / Campinas State University (Unicamp)Process 2008/51921-0

ECONOMY AND ADMINISTRATION

RESEARCH ABROAD

Indicators of sustainability

Grant holder: José Eli Savóia da VeigaInstitution: School of Economy, Administration andAccounting / University of São Paulo (USP)Institution abroad: University Oxford, UKProcess 2007/04485-8

DOCTORATE

Socio-environmental responsibility: the levelof evidentiation in Latin America

Grant holder: Laura CalixtoSupervisor: Maria Cecília Coutinho de ArrudaInstitution: São Paulo School of Business Administration /São Paulo Getúlio Vargas Foundation (FGV-SP)Process 2007/54295-0

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DIRECT DOCTORATE

Evaluation of the influence of the state ofconservation of highways in the emissions ofcarbon gas by freight transport vehicles

Grant holder: Daniela Bacchi BartholomeuSupervisor: José Vicente Caixeta FilhoInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2003/03009-7

MASTERS

Evaluation of the influence of the state ofconservation of highways in the emissions ofcarbon gas by freight transport vehicles

Grant holder: Daniela Bacchi BartholomeuSupervisor: José Vicente Caixeta FilhoInstitution: Luiz de Queiroz Advanced School of Agriculture /University of São Paulo (USP)Process 2002/05736-0


Air pollution and human health: a study of the costs in the municipality of São Paulo

Grant holder: Tatiana SchorSupervisor: Antônio Evaldo ComuneInstitution: School of Economy, Administration andAccounting / University of São Paulo (USP)Process 1992/04908-9

MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS


Spatial variability of climate variables in the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Dayane da Silva DonaireSupervisor: Marcio CardimInstitution: Presidente Prudente School of Sciences andTechnology / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2005/60177-5

Spatial Analysis of climate variable in the State of São Paulo

Grant holder: Marcio Colombo FenilleSupervisor: Marcio CardimInstitution: Presidente Prudente School of Sciences andTechnology / São Paulo State University (Unesp)Process 2002/03528-1

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Selections of reports Pesquisa FAPESP magazine

EDITORIAL PRODUCTION

Coordenation

FAPESP Communications Office

Executive producer Maria da Graça Mascarenhas

Translation John Lyons

Translation of reports – Pesquisa FAPESPDeborah NealeRoger Skipp

Revision of reports – Pesquisa FAPESPAlison Askew

Graphic design, cover and illustrationsHélio de Almeida

Graphic typesetting and art editionTatiane Britto Costa

Cover photoNasa, Pedro Sérgio Fadini, André Seale/Pulsar Imagens and Eduardo Cesar

PhotosAndré Seale/Pulsar Imagens – pages 91, 173Eduardo Cesar – page 49Fabio Paradaise/Pulsar Imagens – page 55Maurício Simonetti/Pulsar Imagens – page 161Nasa – pages 97, 169Pedro Sérgio Fadini – page 153Ricardo Azoury/Pulsar Imagens – pages 27, 83, 145

Reports – Pesquisa FAPESP magazineGraphic typesetting

Júlia Cherem Rodrigues

ColaborationRosaly Favero Krzyzanowski, Ana Luiza A. R. Sanches, Fabiana Pereira Andrade, Inês Maria de Morais Imperatriz and Thais Fernandes de Morais – Documentation and Information Center of FAPESP (CDi)

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