controlled irrigation (philrice2010)

8/3/2019 Controlled Irrigation (PhilRice2010)

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Field WaterField WaterManagementManagement


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Correct field water managementprinciples and techniques in irrigatedlowland in support to other productioncomponent technologies for bettertarget yield

I. Field Water ManagementI. Field Water Management


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Efficient field water management is

an important factor in successful

and sustainable rice production

Water plays very important

role in rice production

Water is seldom usedeconomically

OverviewOverview


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Helps rice plant to use

soil nutrient efficiently

Aids in weed control

Influences farm

operations and farming

systems

Why water is very important?Why water is very important?


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SOIL

Regulates plant and soil

temperatures

Facilitates field operations Facilitates soil biological

processes

Why water is very important?Why water is very important?


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RICE PLANT

Transport medium for

photosynthates and soil

nutrients

Facilitates physico-chemical processes

Facilitates exchange of

gases


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Temperature regulation

Nutrients uptake andmetabolism

Carbondioxide absorption

Water directly affects plant growthWater directly affects plant growth


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Seasonal and geographic rainfall distribution

is biased

some regions are endowed with

sufficient/excessive rainfall, others are not anddry season is too long

Unstable Climate (extremes)

Mostly experiencing economic water scarcity

High cost for irrigation development

Rice requires more water than other crops

Water management issues on riceWater management issues on rice


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Rice paddies are kept open during fallow

period

Farmers have no definite guidelines duringirrigation

Continuous flooding

Paddy to paddy irrigation (no farm ditches)

Common wasteful practicesCommon wasteful practices


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In one season, a square meter field is

applied with about 2,000 li water

Commonly, 0.5kg rice yield is

harvested

(100 cav/ha)

4,000 li waterper kg

rice yield

Using the common methodUsing the common method


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Well managed fields need lower amount of water

to produce one kg of rice yield!

From land preparation to last irrigation a

square meter field needs around 1,300 li

water

2,600li/kg

1,733li/kg

if 0.5 kg yield100 cav/ha

if 0.75 kg yield150 cav/ha


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Aids in proper seed germination and

seedling survival, tillering, panicle

initiation, flowering, grain filling and grainuniformity;

Increases nutrient use efficiency;

Keeps the soil in good balance in terms ofsoil available nutrients;

Benefits of correct field waterBenefits of correct field water

applicationapplication


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Helps in controlling weeds;

Provides effective snail control; and

Significantly reduce irrigation cost(pumps)


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Aside from agronomic and economic

benefits of correct irrigation-water use,

we should anticipate the possible

effects ofGlobal Warming or Climate

Change

Why save irrigation water?Why save irrigation water?


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Water affects efficiencies of otherfarm inputs

Water is continuously becoming

scarce due to climate change

Water-saving Technique

II. Controlled Irrigation:II. Controlled Irrigation:

to sustain yield and productivity of

irrigated lowland rice


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Organic matter 5%

Mineral

matters

45%Air 25%

Water

25%

The soil

can be50%water by

volume

Water is very important soil componentWater is very important soil component


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Soil Water Holding Capacity


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=

IRRI

Water balance of lowland rice systemWater balance of lowland rice system

=


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1. Soil Type1. Soil Type

Fine Textured Soil

Light/Coarse Textured Soil (Sandysoils, Loamy sand)

Medium Textured soil (Loamy soils,

Silt loam, Silt)

Heavy/fine

Textured

Soils (Clayeysoils, Sandy clay, Silty loam)

Source: Tabbal, D. Soil-water-plantrelationship & water balance in the field

Factors affecting seepage,Factors affecting seepage,

percolation and surface drainagepercolation and surface drainage

Coarse Textured Soil


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Wet land Preparation(puddled)

2. Degree of Puddling and presence of hardpan2. Degree of Puddling and presence of hardpan


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Soil Surface

Depthofwa

tertable

Shallow WaterTable

3. Depth of Water Table3. Depth of Water Table

Source: Tabbal, D. Soil-water-

plant relationship & waterbalance in the field

Deep WaterTable


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4. Depth of Flooding (standing water)4. Depth of Flooding (standing water)


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Sloping Landscape

IRRI

Flat Landscape

5. Topography5. Topography


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DRAINWater table

Watersurface

Drain

6. Proximity to Drainage Sink6. Proximity to Drainage Sink


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1. Do shallow tillage just after

harvest or do

semi-dry landpreparation;

Land Preparation

Tips on saving irrigation waterTips on saving irrigation water


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2. Fix dikes and farm

ditches as early

as first irrigationor during the start

of rainy season;

Land Preparation



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3. Start plowing the

field within one

day during firstirrigation or when

there is enough

water for the

operation;

Land Preparation



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4. Do land

preparation with

just enough waterto facilitate

operations;

Land Preparation



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5. Shorten land preparation time

One week for non-weedy or

dry-plowed field Until two weeks for fields with

fresh rice stubbles

Three weeks for weedy fields

and/or with stubbles;

Land Preparation



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6. Use semi-dryland

preparation if possible

First plowing and harrowingat field capacity

Final harrowing/leveling

with minimal flood water


Land Preparation


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7. Level the field very

wellIndicator: a 2-3 cm water depth is

distributed uniformly in the

whole paddy.

Land Preparation



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8. Apply minimal water until 21-30 DAT for

transplanted or suspend irrigation until 10-

15 DAS for direct seeded

Transplanted Direct seeded


Crop Establishment


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9. Do AWD during the crop growing season

starting 21-30 days after planting guided by

observation well


Crop Growing Period


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PI to completeflowering

grainfilling

MaturityLatetillering

Earlytillering

transprecovery

Field water depth (mm)

-10

-5

0

2.5

5

60

-20

-15

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

CF

AWD

soil surface

Days after transplanting

AWD: Reducing S & P

flowering


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Controlled IrrigationControlled Irrigation


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Corrects water use in irrigated lowland rice

Aids in proper seed germination and

seedling survival, tillering and grain

uniformityPromotes better soil nutrient balance

Minimizes golden apple snail attack

Benefits of Cpntrolled IrrigationBenefits of Cpntrolled Irrigation


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Stabilizes soil and plant base; hence helps

minimize crop lodging;

Facilitate farm mechanization especially

during harvesting; and Reduces farm inputs such as oil and fuel

and labor.


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Guidelines for the Adoption of

Water-saving Technologies in

Irrigated Rice Production System in

the Philippines

Department of AgricultureDepartment of Agriculture

Administrative Order No. 25 s. 2009Administrative Order No. 25 s. 2009


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End of presentationEnd of presentation

Save more water whileSave more water while

having good yieldhaving good yield

controlled irrigation (philrice2010)

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