RHYTHMNATURE ENGLISH & SPANISH RHYTHM

RHYTHM- DEFINITIONIT IS THE PERCEIVED REGULARITY OF PROMINENT UNITS IN TERMS OF PATTERNS OF SYLLABLE STRESS-QUANTITY-QUALITY-OR PITCH OR SOME COMBINATION OF THESE VARIABLES CO-EXISTING WITH TEMPO AND PAUSE.

RHYTHMSTRESS- TIMED THEORY:

THE TIME FROM EACH STRESSED SYLLABLE TO THE NEXT WILL TEND TO BE THE SAME- IRRESPECTIVE OF THE NUMBER OF INTERVENING UNSTRESSED SYLLABLES-

RHYTHMSYLLABLE-TIMED THEORY

ALL SYLLABLES WHETHER STRESSED OR UNSTRESSED TEND TO OCCUR AT REGULAR TIME INTERVALS-

RHYTHMTHE RHYTHM OF SPEECH:MUSCULARTWO SERIES OF MUSCLES:CHEST PULSES- SYLLABLE PRODUCING PROCESSABDOMINAL PULSES- STRESS PRODUCING PROCESSSPEECH RHYTHM IS BASED ON THE PERIODICITY OF ONE OF THESE TWO PULSES.

RHYTHM: UNITSFOOTIT INCLUDES A STRESSED SYLLABLE AND WHATEVER FOLLOWS IT UP TO BUT NOT INCLUDING THE NEXT STRESS.

THE LENGTH OF AN UTTERANCE DEPENDS NOT UPON THE NUMBER OF SYLLABLES BUT UPON THE NUMBER OF FEET IT CONTAINS.

RHYTHMIC GROUPTHE UTTERANCE IS DELIVERED AS A SERIES OF CLOSELY KNIT RHYTHMIC GROUP.

IT CORRELATES WITH SEMANTIC AND GRAMMATICAL WORD CLUSTERS.

RHYTHMIC UNITS- EXAMPLESFOOT

//My "neighbour "went to

"London in "April.//RHYTHMIC GROUP

// My "neighbor " went

to " London in "April //

RHYTHMTYPES OF RHYTHMIC UNITS:

MONOBEATS: A SUCCESSION OF STRESSED SYLLABLES- THERE ARE NO REDUCED SYLLABLES.

TROCHEES: BEAT DETERMINED BY THE ALTERNATION OF FULL AND REDUCED SYLLABLES.- POETRY

DACTYLS- REGULAR SYLLABIC RHYTHM-THEY ARE A SUCCESSION OF A STRESSED SYLLABLE AND TWO REDUCED SYLLABLES.

RHYTHM: TYPES OF RHYTHMIC UNITS-EXAMPLES

Monobeats: // " Ann " came " out //

Trochees: // " Peter " went to " Paris//

Dactyls: // " Mary and " Peter a " rrived at the " cinema //

RHYTHMPAUSEESSENTIAL CONSTITUENT OF RHYTHMICALITY IN ENGLISH

LINGUISTIC POINT OF VIEW: PAUSES ARE USED:

TO PRESERVE THE RHYTHMIC IMPULSE ESTABLISHED BY STRESS

AND TO DELIMIT SENSE GROUPS.

RHYTHMTEMPOTHE AVERAGE SPEED OF DELIVERY OF ANY UTTERANCEIT VARIES CONSTANTLY:

WHEN TWO STRONG STRESSES OCCUR TOGETHER- SPEED SLOWS DOWN

WHEN THEY ARE SEPARATED BY WEAKLY STRESSED SYLLABLES- SPEED IS FASTER.

RHYTHM: TEMPOExamples:

// Im afraid its an accident//// Im afraid there was an accident//// Im afraid there may be an accident//// Im afraid there may have been an accident//

RHYTHMPRINCIPLES:ORGANISATION OF WORDS INTO APPROPRIATE RHYTHMIC GROUPS SEPARATED BY PAUSES.CORRECT STRESS PLACEMENT.WEAKENING OF UNSTRESSED SYLLABLES.APPROPRIATE USE OF SIGNALLING TRANSITION- SIMPLIFICATIONS.BASIC INTONATION PATTERNS.