copyright 2003, paradigm publishing inc

Copyright 2003, Paradigm Publishing Inc.

Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence

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Topics

Topics

What Does Multimedia Mean?

Going Digital

Digitizing Graphics

Digitizing Sound

Digitizing Video

Creating Multimedia Works

Popular Types ofMultimedia Works

On the Horizon

Artificial Intelligence

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Topics

What Does Multimedia Mean?

images

video

sound integrationof multiple formsof communication

in a singleinterface

text

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Topics

Going Digital

digital media can bereproduced an infinite

number of times with nodegradation of quality

digitizingturning analog data into a data file

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Topics

Digitizing Graphics

Graphics– pictures or images

Created on computer using special drawing softwareDrawn or painted by hand; scanned onto diskDigital cameraTraditional camera; scanned onto disk

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Topics

Early Painting and Drawing Programs

Bitmap-graphics (raster image-based) programs– painting programs– create pictures by changing the pixels on the screen

from white to black– great for free-form sketching– pixilated (jagged) look along slopes or curves

Object graphics (vector-based) programs– drawing programs– construct pictures by creating, editing, and combining

mathematically defined geometric shapes– limited in ability to produce free-form, irregular shapes

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Topics

Developments in Painting and Drawing Programs

Painting ProgramsRAM storage capacities increased– programs could

handle images with greater dpi

Anti-aliasing– pixels along edge of

image are progressively lightened or darkened

• smooth edge

Drawing ProgramsBezier curve– straight line or curve

that is described by its tangents

• straight lines that are perpendicular to and bisect the line

Freehand tools– draw irregular line

that transforms into bezier curves

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Topics

Painting and Drawing Programs Today

MicrosoftPaint

CorelDraw!

Canvas

Adobe Illustrator

Macromedia Freehand

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Topics

native format standard format

saving: exporting placing: importingspecific to that

application

Graphics File Formats

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Graphics File Formats…/2

Bitmaplisting of every pixel

draws a perfect image butit takes up a lot of space

Bitmaplisting of every pixel

draws a perfect image butit takes up a lot of space

Image Compressionrecognizes repeating patterns

a lot less space

Image Compressionrecognizes repeating patterns

a lot less space

JPEGstill

images

JPEGstill

images

GIFsimple

animations

GIFsimple

animations

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Topics

Vector Graphics

storedas

shapesseries

of

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Clip Art Images

GIFformat

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Photo ManipulationRaster image-editing programs– have evolved considerably

• Adobe Photoshop, Corel Photohouse

– stored as raster image• collection of black, white,

or colored pixels

– Tag Image File Format• TIF or TIFF

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Topics

3D Modeling Programs

Shockwave

Dreamweaver LightWave 3D

3D Studio

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Computer Animation

CG FX: computer graphics special effects

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Digitizing Sound

captured by samplingthe sound

stores the measurementsin binary format

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Digitizing Sound…/2

WAVErecords sound by storing

masses of binary numbersand measuring exactly

how much voltage to sendout to the speakers

WAVErecords sound by storing

masses of binary numbersand measuring exactly

how much voltage to sendout to the speakers

MIDI(musical instrument

digital interface)simulates musical

instruments

MIDI(musical instrument

digital interface)simulates musical

instruments

MP3takes a wave file

and reducesit 90 percent

MP3takes a wave file

and reducesit 90 percent

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Topics

Digitizing Video

frameeach picture shows

a fraction of movement

frame ratecombining series of images

at a specified speed

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Topics

Digital Movies

high-qualitysound and

picture

will notdegrade

with eachshowing

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Movie Compression Techniques

MPEG is equivalent of MP3 music formatOnly stores portion of screen– changes from previous frame

AVI: older Windows formatMOV: Apple formatFlash: for Web pages

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Topics

Increased Movie Piracy

DVDsover theInternet

DVDsover theInternet

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Topics

Digital TV

wide selectionof stations

clearer picture

scheduling tools

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Topics

High-Definition TV

morelines

morepixels

higherresolution

+ =

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Topics

Creating Multimedia Works

embed speech,graphics, and

video clips intoa document

ExampleAdobe AcrobatPDF documents

multimedia authoringsoftware

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Planning a Multimedia Work

Consider:– content– audience– purpose– form

Sequential page-based multimediaHypertext page-based multimediaMovie-based multimedia

preparea

storyboard

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Topics

Creating the Content of the Work

Text word processorGraphics painting, drawing, 3-D modeling programs, clip art, stock sourcesImages scannedSounds programs that capture and edit– may contain sound digitizing cards

Video images video editing software– may contain video digitizing cards

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Topics

Combining the Elements

text

video

sound graphics

word processorpresentation program

Adobe AcrobatQuickTime

Macromedia DirectorMacromedia Authorware

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Topics

Popular Types of Multimedia Works

game consoles

multimedia PCs

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Artificial Intelligence

develop computersthan can performhuman functions

think

talk

see

feel

walk

learn

Turing TestTuring Testcan the

computer trick

people?

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Topics

Cognitive Science ApplicationsIntelligent Agents– intuitive assistants;

utilize knowledge based on past experience, predictions of future behavior

Expert Systems– knowledge engineer

builds knowledge bases; the inference engine asks questions and draws conclusions

Data Mining– find new ways to use

masses of data stored in databases

Genetic Algorithms– solve design problems;

“survival of the fittest” method

Fuzzy Logic– model human reasoning

by allowing for approximations and incomplete input data

Neural Networks– simulate the physical

workings of the human mind

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Topics

Natural Interface ApplicationsSpeech Recognition– voice commands

Natural Language Interfaces– read a set of news articles on any topic and

understand what has been read; report summary

Virtual Reality– creating a realistic world; immersiveness

Mental Interfaces– sensors mounted on the skull that read the

alpha waves given off by the brain

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Topics

Robots as Androids

Visual Perception– stereoscopic vision, understanding, processing

Audio Perception– sounds to listen to, correct voice to obey

Tactile Perception– pressure, hand-eye coordination

Locomotion– broad movements with changing variables

Navigation– related to visual or perception system

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Topics

On the Horizon

SophisticatedNatural

Interfaces

IntelligentDevices

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Topics

copyright 2003, paradigm publishing inc

Documents

disk digitizing graphics

multimedia mean

graphics pictures

digitizing video frame

vector graphics

video digitizing cards

binary format

data file