Corruption is defined as the behavior that deviates from formal duties because of

private gains. Corrupt acts are deviations from implicit or explicit behavioural

norms. Corruption in the Commonwealth Caribbean includes,If people found that

the government is corrupt, they lose that election, as well as articles written are too

limited to eliminate corruption, and methodologies that are present are not useful

enough.

Corruption defined as the abuse of public office for private gains shows, no

country is free from corruption (CPI – Corruption Perception Index) *which

measures corruption , provisions are put in place in T&T where public servants are

required to report conflicts and corruption and Mechanisms are put in place to

control and minimize corruption.

Bringing people from away was less corrupt than that of local workers, statistics

proved corruption during the tendering/ pre-qualification stages as being less

prevalent than during project execution. In Transparency International, in the fight

against corruption; 1.Source book (most effective tool in the fight against

corruption), 2.Corruption perception index, 3.Global corruption report, 4.Global

Barometer index are all instruments in ways to measure and show corruption

exists.

Corruption exists everywhere, especially in the lower class. Use of the civil society

and use of information and access to information is also very important, for

reasons such as a guide to doing business in any country. There are an extensive

amount or reasons for corruption. Reasons for corruption include,lack of political

competition, lack of political will, lack of competition from the private sector and

lack of deregulations.Being corrupt is a social norm worldwide.

Democracy at work shows multiple strongholds such as , continued political

power, lack of female representative, failure to change existing rules/structures can

increase the likelihood of inefficiencies, lack of legislation guiding campaign

finance and political parties, change needed to electoral rules, need to strengthen

the freedom of the media and lessen the number of state owned media houses.

Corruption= (monopoly+ discretion) – accountability.

Democracy drift- problems with drugs, gangs etc.

Accountability is the quality or state of being accountable, especially an obligation

or willingness to accept responsibility or to accountfor one's actions.Auditis a

planned and documented activity performed by qualified personnel to determine by

investigation, examination, or evaluation of objective evidence, the adequacy and

compliance with established procedures, or applicable documents, and the

effectiveness of implementation.The term may refer to audits in accounting,

internal controls, quality management, project management, water management,

and energy conservation.

Auditing is defined as a systematic and independent examination of data,

statements, records, operations and performances (financial or otherwise) of an

enterprise for a stated purpose. In any auditing the auditor perceives and recognizes

the propositions before him for examination, collects evidence, evaluates the same

and on this basis formulates his judgment which is communicated through his audit

report.The purpose is then to give an opinion on the adequacy of controls (financial

and otherwise) within an environment they audit, to evaluate and improve the

effectiveness of risk management, control, and governance processes.

Corruption produces social norms thus, corruption is argued may not be bad for a

country. Author argues that corruption has an adverse effect on the country:

persistent poverty, undermines rule of law, and legislation in general, less of

reputation. It is at the corporate and state level. Corruption includes the misuse of

entrusted power for private gain, e.g. T&T- HCU and CLICO, greed and

management argued to be the reasons for the corrupt acts.Problems with

Accountability deals with, lack of training, ambiguity, legislative constraints,

failure to implement international standards challenges.