CA

COUNTRYPROFILE CANADA

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IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook 2020, Talent & Digital 2019: summaries

WORLD COMPETITIVENESSRANKING 2020

All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.

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BASIC FACTSCapital

Land area (square km '000) 9,9852019

Exchange Rate (per $) 1.3272019

Population - market size (millions) 37.292019 23

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (US$ billions) 1,761.92019 10

GDP (PPP) per capita (US$) 51,0762019 19

Real GDP growth (%) 1.52019 41

Consumer price inflation (%) 1.952019 33

Unemployment rate (%) 5.702019 39

Labor force (millions) 20.202019 21

Current account balance (% of GDP) -1.942019 48

Direct investment stocks inward ($bn) 894.02018 10

Direct investment flows inward (% of GDP) 2.552019 25

PEER GROUPS RANKINGSTHE AMERICAS (9 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)

COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL

CANADAOVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries) Rank

Ottawa

CHALLENGES IN 2020Shortage of (mid-senior) skilled digital talent available to meet

demand in high-growth sectors like technology

Information and Communications Technology Council (ICTC)

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE

10 12 1013

8

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

21

49

8

28

9

20 1710

1710

19

5 6 712

814

19

84

Dom

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Eco

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Inte

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iona

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Inte

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l Inv

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Empl

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Pric

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Publ

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Tax

Polic

y

Inst

itutio

nal F

ram

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k

Busi

ness

Leg

isla

tion

Soci

etal

Fra

mew

ork

Prod

uctiv

ity &

Effi

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Labo

r M

arke

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Fina

nce

Man

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ent

Prac

tices

Att

itude

s an

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Basi

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Tech

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Scie

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Hea

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Educ

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Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure

2 2 2 21

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2 2 2 21

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

• Shortage of (mid-senior) skilled digital talent available to meet demand in high-growth sectors like technology

• Use trade relationships like CETA to accelerate exports in key areas like technology.

• Lack of incentives to draw foreign direct investment in key areas like technology.

• Challenges scaling start-ups including lack of digital adoption among SMEs.

• Digital divide: expensive and uneven access to digital connectivity infrastructure across the country.

Provided by:Information and Communications Technology Council (ICTC)

IMPROVEMENTSWCY 2019

WCY 2020 DECLINES

WCY 2019

3.2.14 Labor force long-term growth -0.50 0.73 2.3.08 Exchange rate stability 0.004

2.4.12 New business density 0.1 0.2 2.1.02 Government budget surplus/deficit (%) -0.43

1.4.04 Employment - long-term growth 1.47 2.08 1.1.15 Real GDP growth per capita 0.76

1.2.02 Current account balance -2.67 -1.94 1.1.18 Gross fixed capital formation - real growth 0.80

3.2.23 International experience 5.13 6.30 1.1.14 Real GDP growth 1.8

4.2.16 High-tech exports (%) 12.85 15.72 4.1.07 Population - growth 1.07

2.3.10 Adaptability of government policy 5.25 6.35 3.3.19 Corporate debt 7.43

2.1.09 Public finances 5.35 6.30 4.5.06 Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education) 12.00

2.4.17 Unemployment legislation 5.66 6.57 2.5.02 Homicide 1.68

1.2.12 Exports of commercial services ($bn) 85.67 99.06 2.5.04 Risk of political instability 8.00

2.2.12 Real personal taxes 5.40 6.19 2.4.11 Parallel economy 6.70

1.3.13 Relocation threats of business 5.30 6.05 2.4.09 State ownership of enterprises 7.16

1.5.01 Consumer price inflation 2.24 1.95 1.2.09 Exports of goods (%) 26.29

2.3.05 Central bank policy 6.68 7.54 3.5.01 Attitudes toward globalization 7.48

2.4.16 Labor regulations 6.16 6.92 2.3.12 Bureaucracy 5.27

COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION & ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORS

CANADACOMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION

0.019

1.5

0.90

6.73

13.09

1.80

7.53

7.24

The criteria below highlight the 15 biggest Improvements and the 15 biggest Declines in the overall performance of the economy. They are

determined by the largest percentage changes in the value of each criterion from one yearbook to the next.

WCY 2020

5.11

KEY ATTRACTIVENESS INDICATORSFrom a list of 15 indicators, respondents of the Executive Opinion Survey were asked to select 5 that they perceived as the key

attractiveness factors of their economy. The chart shows the percentage of responses per indicator from the highest number of responses

to the lowest.

-0.72

0.59

0.63

6.32

6.90

25.37

6.8%9.5%13.5%14.9%27.0%28.4%32.4%33.8%33.8%35.1%41.9%47.3%50.0%52.7%58.1%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Effective labor relationsCompetitive tax regime

Cost competitivenessCompetency of government

Strong R&D cultureAccess to financing

Dynamism of the economyEffective legal environment

Quality of corporate governanceBusiness-friendly environment

Reliable infrastructureOpen and positive attitudes

Policy stability & predictabilitySkilled workforce

High educational level

WORLD COMPETITIVENESSDIGITAL RANKING 2019

All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.

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Alpha AlphaLabelBeta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2

6.5 4 4 2 28.5 4 4 2 2

10.5 4 4 2 2

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

4 5 9 8 11

3 7 3 3 5

17 14 13 12 13

2 3 8 9 18

COMPETITIVENESS & DIGITAL RANKINGS

PEER GROUPS RANKINGS

THE AMERICAS (9 countries) POPULATIONS > 20 MILLION (29 countries)

Knowledge

Technology

Future readiness

OVERALL

DIGITAL TRENDS - OVERALL

CANADA

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)

OVERALL & FACTORS - 5 years

4 5

9 8

11

5

1012 10

13

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Digital

Competitiveness

2 2 2 2 2

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

2 2 2 23

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

5 13 7 2

13 17 10 2711

18 17 16 13

Knowledge Talent Training & education Scientific concentration

Technology Regulatory framework Capital Technological framework

Future readiness Adaptive attitudes Business agility IT integrationThe direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined

Overall Factors Sub-Factors

N.B. This graph provides only a comparison of the country’s performance in the two rankings.

u Overall top strengths

w Overall top weaknesses

Subfactors 2015 2016 2017 2018 20198 10 9 7 13

12 13 10 4 7

4 4 4 4 2

Talent Rank Rank Rank

Educational assessment PISA - Math 9 22 23w International experience 40 w 35 20 Foreign highly-skilled personnel 13 u 5 - Management of cities 22 6 13 Digital/Technological skills 19 w 39 u 5 Net flow of international students 11 u 2 11 9

Subfactors 2015 2016 2017 2018 201912 17 21 11 17

8 5 1 5 10

26 24 27 24 27

Regulatory framework Rank Rank Rank

u Starting a business 2 19 35w Enforcing contracts 48 16 38 Immigration laws 11 15 w 54 Development and application of technology12 u 1 17 Scientific research legislation 17 14 12 Intellectual property rights 18 13 27

Subfactors 2015 2016 2017 2018 201916 16 13 15 17

1 1 5 4 16

3 7 15 12 13

Adaptive attitudes Rank Rank Rank

E-Participation 26 23 23 Internet retailing 12 14 8 Tablet possession 22 21 18 Smartphone possession 32 13 13 Attitudes toward globalization 12 11

Talent

Robots in Education and R&D

Training & education Scientific concentration

TECHNOLOGY

Scientific concentration

Capital Technological framework

FUTURE READINESS

IT integration

Business agility IT integration

FACTORS BREAKDOWN - STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

CANADA

Technological framework

Opportunities and threats E-GovernmentWorld robots distribution Public-private partnerships

Total expenditure on R&D (%)Total public expenditure on education Total R&D personnel per capita

Training & education

Adaptive attitudes

Business agility

Venture capital Internet bandwidth speedInvestment in Telecommunications High-tech exports (%)

Regulatory framework

Capital

IT & media stock market capitalization Communications technologyFunding for technological development Mobile Broadband subscribersBanking and financial services Wireless broadbandCountry credit rating Internet users

Higher education achievement Female researchersPupil-teacher ratio (tertiary education) R&D productivity by publicationGraduates in Sciences Scientific and technical employmentWomen with degrees High-tech patent grants

Employee training

KNOWLEDGE

Agility of companies Cyber securityUse of big data and analytics Sofware piracyKnowledge transfer

WORLD TALENTRANKING 2019

All data are available from theWorld Competitiveness Online.

Visit our eShop

Alpha AlphaLabel Beta BetaLabel Gamma GammaLabel1 2 2 2 2 2 24 4 4 2 2

Value

w 4.4 % 36w 18.3 % 41 10,909 US$ 11 16.23 ratio 37 13.09 ratio 41 5.79 Survey [0..10] 15 6.44 Survey [0..10] 22 47.53 % 15 7.32 Survey [0..10] 19

Value

73.30 index 23 7.30 Survey [0..10] 24 6.39 Survey [0..10] 21 5.87 Survey [0..10] 22 8.26 Survey [0..10] 19 7.14 Survey [0..10] 13u 46,489 US$ 11 204,279 US$ 20 14.44 % 27 7.74 Survey [0..10] 19u 6.48 micrograms 4

Value

w 0.76 % 36u 6.91 Survey [0..10] 4 7.01 Survey [0..10] 17w 5.13 Survey [0..10] 40 6.55 Survey [0..10] 13 7.61 Survey [0..10] 13w 21.74 % 39 7.66 Survey [0..10] 16 7.43 Survey [0..10] 12 7.43 Survey [0..10] 21u 5.74 number 10u 522 Average 7

Investment & Development 2019 Rank

Health infrastructure meets the needs of society

2019 Rank

Total public expenditure on education Percentage of GDP

Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education)Apprenticeships are sufficiently implemented

Readiness 2019 Rank

Educational assessment - PISA PISA survey of 15-year olds

Appeal

Exposure to particle pollution Mean population exposure to PM2.5, Micrograms per cubic metre

is readily available

Labor force growth Percentage change

Skilled labor

Management education meets the needs of the business community

Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises

Student mobility inbound Foreign tertiary-level students per 1000 inhabitants

Primary and secondary education meets the needs of a competitive economy

Graduates in Sciences % of graduates in ICT, Engineering, Math & Natural Sciences

University education meets the needs of a competitive economy

Finance skills are readily available

International experience of senior managers is generally significant

Competent senior managers are readily available

Justice is fairly administered

Remuneration in services professions Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, US$

Remuneration of management Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$

Effective personal income tax rate Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita

Brain drain (well-educated and skilled people) does not hinder competitiveness in your economy

Quality of life is high

Foreign highly-skilled personnel are attracted to your country's business environment

Cost-of-living index Index of a basket of goods & services in the main city, including housing (New York City = 100)

Attracting and retaining talents is a priority in companies

Worker motivation in companies is high

Gov. expenditure on education per student Percentage of GDP per capita (secondary education)

Total public exp. on education per student

CANADA

Spending per enrolled pupil/student, all levels

Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff

Ratio of students to teaching staff

Employee training is a high priority in companies

Female labor force Percentage of total labor force

IMD World Talent Ranking 2019

OVERALL PERFORMANCE (63 countries)

10

1211

6

13

26

22 22

19

26

5

76

3

54

11

9

5

15

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Overall

Investment &Development

Appeal

Readiness

26

513

15

Investment & Development

Appeal

Readiness

The direction of the triangle indicates the performance change from the last year: improved or stabledeclined

2020

IMD WORLDCOMPETITIVENESSYEARBOOK

IMD

Wor

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Year

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