Education in Indonesia

ECS-51806 | Education and DevelopmentWageningen University and Research - November 2016

Hijjaz SutriadiLeah SitunayakeYared Stifanos

General Overview

Country Profile

Republic of Indonesia

255 millions

87% 10%

GDP 16th

GDP-PPP 8th

20% of govt’expenditure

HDI 0.684110th medium

Education in Indonesia: HISTORY

Hindu-Buddhist civilization (7th century)

karsyan

Islamic era (13th century)

pesantren

Colonial era(17th – mid 20th century)

school gakkō

Japanese occupation (1942 - 1945)

sekolah/madrasah

Post-independence (1945 - present)

Education System in IndonesiaDoctorate (S3)

Magister (S2)

Bachelor (S1)

Secondary school (SMA)

Diploma (D4/D3/D2/D1)

Vocational school (SMK)

Junior secondary school (SMP)

Primary school (SD)

Islamic university (UIN)

Islamic secondary (MA)

Islamic junior secondary (MTs)

Islamic primary (MI)

public and/or private public and/or private

religion-affiliatedschool

4years

2years

1-4years

3years

3years

6years

18-22 years old

15-18 years old

12-15 years old

6-12 years old

attendance age

(incl. Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism)

Education in Indonesia: FIGURES

50 millions

300,000

3 millions

4thbiggest

students

teachers

schools

96.9% 95.2%

Data: ASEAN 2013

67% 67.5%

21.8% 24.4%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

primary secondary tertiary

female male

enrolment rate

Data: World Bank 2010

Framework Analysis

Framework Analysis

C.J.H.M. van Dam

economy

social

politics

technology

education

Politics and Economy of Indonesia

1945 – 1960s

young and inexperienced government

political instability

low literacy rate

poverty and hunger

new order1960s – 1990s

inflation GDP grew

high economy growthauthoritarian government

literacy increased

corrupt govt

reformasi

1998 - present

post-independence

stable economy growthdemocratic system

income inequality

freedom of speech

1997

Asianfinancial

crisis

post-reformasi

GDP grows

Economy on Education

20%

governmentexpenditure

educationothers

13.6%

43.6%

42.8%

agriculture

services

industry

GDP

Education on Economy

2015

14.2 million

7.1 million

services

industry

manufacture4.4 million

2millionlabor

forces/year

Job Creation

enter the market

Quality (?)

Education on Economy

rural urban

lowwage

lowliteracy

competitivejobs

betteroffer

Politics on Education

84%

16%

Ministry of National Education

Ministry of Religious Affairs

Higher access

Improved quality

Better governanceSchool operation funds

Power + influence --> changing curriculum

Education on Politics

19981974

Student-led demonstration

Call for freedom of expression

Call for social and economic justice

Call for democratic leadership

Social on Education

Social status

position

age

Teacher-centered learning approach

social values and norms

Education on Social

compulsory teaching(primary – secondary)

religious norms and values embedded in society

Opportunity Threat

value of diversity potential riot

Technology on Education

Indonesia Integrated Online Course

Quality AccessiblityCHALLENGE !

Ministry of National Education

Education on Technology

Technical Vocational Education and Training

(TVET)

Demand-driven

Practice-oriented programs

USD 54,000per vocational

school

shipping

electronics

manufacture

agriculture

fisheries

Open Discussion

Problem Statement

Religion education prevents proper development (?)

agree with the statement Disagree with the statement

Subjective thinking

Not factual for critical thinking

Indoctrination

Norms and values

Personal development

Social tool