country presentation - indonesia
DESCRIPTION
This presentation was given at the 5th ADBI-OECD-ILO Roundtable on Labor Migration in Asia: Building Effective Structures and Institutions for Migration Governance which was held in Shanghai, the People's Republic of China on 28-30 January 2015.TRANSCRIPT
Placement and Protection of Indonesian Overseas Workers
delivered by:
Sri Setiawati Directorate of Overseas Manpower Placement
Directorate General of Manpower Development Placement
The 5th ADBI-OECD-ILO Roundtable on Labour Migration in Asia Shanghai, 28 – 30 January 2015
MINISTRY OF MANPOWER OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank Institute (ADBI), the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms.
1. Introduction 2. Legal Basis 3. Placement Mechanism of IOWs 4. IOWs Profile 5. Challenges 6. Solutions
STATISTIC S OF INDONESIAN WORKFORCE
<Elementary : 2,13 (27,99%) Junior High : 1,72 (22,60%) High School : 1,98 (26,01%) Vocational : 0,99 (13,01%) DIPLOMA : 0,25 (3,29%) UNDERGRADUATE : 0,54 (7,01%)
118,19 (66,90%) WORKFORCE
Working Age Population Age > 15th 176,66 Mill
<Elementary: 53,91 (45,61%) Junior High : 22,14 (18,73%) Senior High : 19,77 (16,73%) Vocational : 11,25 (9,52%) DIPLOMA : 3,11 (2,63%) UNDERGRADUATE: 8,01 (6,78%)
Non-WORKFORCE 58,47 (33,10%)
Farmer : 41,20 (36,52%) Industry : 14,21 (12,60%) Construction : 6,10 (5,41%) Commerce : 24,02 (21,29%) Transportation : 5,20 (4,61%) Finance : 2,78 (2,47%) Services : 17,37 (15,40%) Others : 1,92 (1,70%)
<Elementary: 55,51 (49,20%) Junior High : 20,29 (17,99%) Senior High : 17,20 (15,25%) Vocational : 9,43 (8,36%) DIPLOMA : 3,12 (2,77%) UNDERGRADUATE: 7,25 (6,43%)
Working 112,80 (93,68%)
Open Unemployment 7,61 (6,32%)
Full Employment (>34 Hr/wk)
77,25 (68,48%)
Half Unemployment 14,87 (41,83%)
Half Employmet (<34 Hr/wk)
35,55 (31,52%)
Part Time
20,68 (58,17%)
Resources: BPS, Official News Statistic November 2013
International Migration from Indonesia • The beginning of labour migration from Indonesia to Malaysia and
Saudi Arabia 1970
• Government policy on placement of migrant workers was introduced by the Ministry of Labour (domestic workers as temporary measures)
1980
• The Act of RI Number 39 Year 2004 on Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers Abroad was enacted
2004
• The Government had ratified International Convention on Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families 2012
• The Parliament initiates the revision of Act of RI Number 39 Year 2004 to be in line with the related international conventions
2012
2007 Establishment of National Board on Placement and Protection of
Indonesian Overseas Workers
Push Factors and Destination Countries
1. Unemployment
2. Lack of Job
Opportunity
3. Difference in Global/Regional Economic Growth
4. Development of information and Transportation Technology
5. Right to Work Abroad
1. Malaysia 2. Singapore 3. Hong Kong,
China 4. Japan
5. Australia 6. Taipei,China 7. Republic of
Korea 8. Brunei
Darussalam
1. Saudi Arabia 5. UAE 2. Yemen 6. Bahrain 3. Kuwait 7. Oman 4. Jordania 8. Qatar
1. USA 2. European Union 3. UK
EUROPE
AND AMERICA
AFRICA
1. Egypt 2. South Africa 3. Libya
MIDDLE EAST
ASIA PACIFIC
2. Legal Basis 1. Act Number 13 Year 2003 concerning Manpower. 2. Law Number 39 Year 2004 on Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers
Abroad. 3. Law Number 21 Year 2007 on the Crime Prevention of Trafficking in Persons. 4. Presidential Regulation. 81 Year 2006 on the Establishment of BNP2TKI. 5. Gov. Regulation Number 38 Year 2007 regarding the Division of Government Affairs
between the Government, Provincial Government and Regency / City. 6. Gov. Regulation Number 3 Year 2012 regarding the Protection of Indonesian Overseas
Workers 7. Gov. Regulation Number 4 Year 2013 concerning Procedure of Indonesian workers
Placement by Government. 8. Gov. Regulation Number 5 Year 2013 concerning Procedure of Assessment and
Establishment of Agencies and Private Employers 9. Gov. Regulation Number 33 Year 2013 concerning Labour Market Expanstion 10. Ministerial Decree 07/MEN/V/2010 about Indonesia Overseas Worker Insurance 11. Ministerial Decree Number 22 Year 2015 on the Implementation of the Placement
and Protection of migrant workers abroad. 12. Ministerial Decree 16/MEN/IX/2012 on Repatriation of Indonesian Worker Individually.
DISTRICT/CITY OFFICE
SKILL SERTIFICATION
PDT, & Signing LC
To COD
REPORT to INDONESIAN MISSION
3. Placement Mechanism of IOWs
INDONESIAN PRIVATE AGENCIES
MEDICAL
TRAINING
DOC PROCESS
21
PDT: Pre Departure Training LC : Labour Contract
KBRI/KJRI
• Job order/Demand letter • Legalization of WC Draft • Draft placement agreement
Medical & Psychological Test
Training
Competence certification
District/city Office Kab/Kota
Indonesian Agencies
• Working Visa
• Dissemination • Registration of candidates • Selection • Signing Placement
Agreement • Passport Recommendation
BNP2TKI
• Pre Departure Training & Working Contract Signing
• Insurance • e-KTKLN
Pre Employment Insurance
BNP2TKI Issuance Recruitment Permit
Indonesian recruitment agencies
CTKI
IMIGRATION PASPORT
Proposed Mechanism : One Roof Service
One Roof Service 9
IOWs Placement Institution
Government Act 39/2005, Article 94
Indonesia Private Agency
Internal Corporate Transfer
Professional Workers
Numbers of IOWs, 2010-2014
Source: Ministry of Manpower
Nu COD 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
1 ASIA PASIFIC AND
AMERIKA
344.05 336.358 360.402 365.991 318.273
2 MIDDLE EAST 516.036 213.222 125.174 135.502 97.993
3 EUROPE AND AFRIKA
0 37.222 10.62 10.135 9.531
TOTAL 860.086 586.802 496.196 511.628 425.797
TAHUN 2011 2012 2013 2014
FORMAL 266.156 259.554 226.806 243.543
INFORMAL 320.272 236.639 284.822 182.254 Source: Ministry of Manpower
IOWs by Sector, 2011-2014
TAHUN 2011 2012 2013 2014
WOMEN 376.317 280.378 276.620 243512
MAN 210.111 215.815 235.008 182.285
Source: Ministry of Manpower
IOWs by Gender, 2011 - 2014
TAHUN 2011 2012 2013 2014
WOMEN 64% 57% 54% 57%
MAN 36% 43% 46% 43%
IOWs by Country of Destination, 2014
COUNTRIES NUMBER OF IOWs
Malaysia 1,309,480
Singapore 125,000
Brunei Darussalam 75,552
Hong Kong, China 149,837
Taipei,China 227,000
Republic of Korea 36,699 Saudi Arabia :
Jeddah 530,229
Riyadh 120,219
UEA 35,363
Qatar 38,000
Oman Bahrain 20,118
Yordania 1,900
Suriah 5,276
Kuwait 7,878
Total 2,682,561
TKI Formal : 25.857 Org Domestic Worker : 170 Org
TKI Formal : 412 Org Domestic Worker : 30 Org
TKI Formal : 17.795 Org Domestic Worker : 3.897 Org
TKI Formal : 324 Org Domestic Worker : 1 Org
TKI Formal : 771 Org Domestic Worker : 3 Org
TKI Formal : 234 Org Domestic Worker : 0 Org
TKI Formal : 1.967 Org Domestic Worker : 2 Org
TKI Formal : 181 Org Domestic Worker : 1 Org
TKI Formal : 2.914 Org Domestic Worker : 24 Org
TKI Formal : 6.545 Org Domestic Worker : 43 Org
TKI Formal : 442 Org Domestic Worker : 3 Org
TKI Formal : 1.197 Org Domestic Worker : 8 Org
TKI Formal : 916 Org Domestic Worker : 9 Org
TKI Formal : 1.969 Org Domestic Worker : 47 Org
TKI Formal : 293 Org Domestic Worker : 3.937 Org
TKI Formal : 60 Org Domestic Worker : 147 Org
TKI Formal : 1.652 Org Domestic Worker : 3.063 Org
TKI Formal : 5.419 Org Domestic Worker : 28.061 Org
TKI Formal : 11.008 Org Domestic Worker : 57.099 Org
TKI Formal : 45.082 Org Domestic Worker : 124.274 Org
TKI Formal : 119 Org Domestic Worker : 11 Org
TKI Formal : 1.331 Org Domestic Worker : 13.120 Org
TKI Formal : 151 Org Domestic Worker : 12 Org
TKI Formal : 1.103 Org Domestic Worker : 14 Org
TKI Formal : 797 Org Domestic Worker : 8.931 Org
TKI Formal : 932 Org Domestic Worker : 7 Org
TKI Formal : 2.582 Org Domestic Worker : 19 Org
TKI Formal : 261 Org Domestic Worker : 697 Org
TKI Formal : 1.831 Org Domestic Worker : 18 Org
TKI Formal : 222.362 Org Domestic Worker : 20.504 Org
TKI Formal : 17.506 Org Domestic Worker : 64.475 Org
TKI Formal : 3.991 Org Domestic Worker : 85.619 Org
TKI Formal : 36.621 Org Domestic Worker : 109.732 Org
TKI Formal : 22.897 Org Domestic Worker : 160 Org
TKI Formal : 5.276 Org Domestic Worker : 36 Org
TKI Formal : 1 Org Domestic Worker : 0 Org
TKI Formal : 548 Org Domestic Worker : 0 Org
TKI Formal : 1.118 Org Domestic Worker : 9 Org
TKI Formal : 594 Org Domestic Worker : 1 Org
Placement of IOWs Overseas
Source: MoMT Republic of Indonesia (Tahun 2011 s.d 31 Oktober 2012)
9
10
8
7
6 5
4
3
2
11
TKI Formal : 1.348 Org Domestic Worker : 4 Org
12
1 13
14
15
TKI Formal : 926 Org Domestic Worker : 6 Org
16
17
TKI Formal : 713 Org Domestic Worker : 10 Org
18
19 TKI Formal : 579 Org Domestic Worker : 3 Org
20
TKI Formal : 471 Org Domestic Worker : 12 Org 21
TKI Formal : 466 Org Domestic Worker : 2 Org
22
23
TKI Formal : 339 Org Domestic Worker : 5 Org
24 TKI Formal : 335 Org Domestic Worker : 4 Org
25
TKI Formal : 301 Org Domestic Worker : 0 Org
26 TKI Formal : 208 Org Domestic Worker : 1 Org
TKI Formal : 156 Org Domestic Worker : 23 Org
27
28
TKI Formal : 112 Org Domestic Worker : 2 Org
29
31
32 33
34
35
36
37
TKI Formal : 2.329 Org Domestic Worker : 12 Org
38
39
40
TKI Formal : 1.183 Org Domestic Worker : 4 Org
41
TKI Formal : 1.089 Org Domestic Worker : 11 Org
42
TKI Formal : 952 Org Domestic Worker : 1 Org
43
TKI Formal : 835 Org Domestic Worker : 9 Org
44
TKI Formal : 832 Org Domestic Worker : 2 Org
45
46
TKI Formal : 754 Org Domestic Worker : 17 Org
47
TKI Formal : 707 Org Domestic Worker : 51 Org
48
TKI Formal : 338 Org Domestic Worker : 11 Org
49
50
TKI Formal : 274 Org Domestic Worker : 2 Org
51
52
53
TKI Formal : 195 Org Domestic Worker : 0 Org
54
55
56
57
TKI Formal : 124 Org Domestic Worker : 4 Org
58 TKI Formal : 124 Org Domestic Worker : 1 Org 59
TKI Formal : 121 Org Domestic Worker : 2 Org
60
TKI Formal : 116 Org Domestic Worker : 2 Org
61
TKI Formal : 101 Org Domestic Worker : 0 Org
62
64
65
66 67
TKI Formal : 1.306 Org Domestic Worker : 113 Org
68 TKI Formal : 803 Org Domestic Worker : 4 Org
69
TKI Formal : 508 Org Domestic Worker : 2 Org
70
TKI Formal : 296 Org Domestic Worker : 7 Org
72
71
TKI Formal : 259 Org Domestic Worker : 1 Org
73
TKI Formal : 203 Org Domestic Worker : 6 Org
74
TKI Formal : 130 Org Domestic Worker : 1 Org
76
Rekapitulasi Data Penempatan Tahun 2011 s/d 31 Oktober 2012
NO. NEGARA PENEMPATAN JUMLAH
TOTAL FORMAL DOMESTIC
WORKER
A. ASIA PASIFIC
1 Malaysia 222,362 20,504 242,866
2 Taipei,China 36,621 109,732 146,353 3 Hong Kong, China 3,991 85,619 89,610 4 Singapore 17,506 64,475 81,981 5 United States of America 25,857 170 26,027 6 Republic of Korea 22,897 160 23,057
7 Brunei Darussalam 17,795 3,897 21,692 8 Japan 5,276 36 5,312 9 People’s Republic of China 2,582 19 2,601 10 Thailand 1,831 18 1,849 11 Fiji Islands 1,348 4 1,352 12 Australia 1,118 9 1,127 13 Maldives 1,103 14 1,117 14 Macao, China 261 697 958 15 India 932 7 939
16 Papua New Guinea 926 6 932 17 Viet Nam 713 10 723 18 New Zealand 594 1 595 19 Peru 579 3 582 20 Timor Leste 548 0 548 21 Russia 471 12 483 22 New Zealand 466 2 468 23 Canada 412 30 442 24 Philippines 339 5 344 25 Sri Lanka 335 4 339 26 Myanmar 301 0 301 27 Lao PDR 208 1 209 28 Papua New Guinea 156 23 179 29 Chile 112 2 114 30 Other 398 13 411
JUMLAH 368,038 285,473 653,511
B. MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA
31 Saudi Arabia 45,082 124,274 169,356
32 United Arab Emirates 11,008 57,099 68,107 33 Qatar 5,419 28,061 33,480 34 Oman 1,331 13,120 14,451 35 Bahrain 797 8,931 9,728 36 Kuwait 1,652 3,063 4,715 37 Syria 293 3,937 4,230 38 South Africa 2,329 12 2,341 39 Turkey 1,969 47 2,016 40 Algeria 1,967 2 1,969 41 Mauritius 1,183 4 1,187 42 Africa 1,089 11 1,100
43 Trinidad and Tobago 952 1 953 44 Uruguay 835 9 844 45 Brazil 832 2 834 46 Nigeria 771 3 774 47 Cyprus 754 17 771 48 Egypt 707 51 758 49 Iraq 338 11 349
50 Democratic Republic of the Congo 324 1
325 51 Angola 274 2 276 52 Mauritania 234 0 234 53 Jordan 60 147 207 54 Senegal 195 0 195 55 Morocco 181 1 182 56 Republic of Seychelles 151 12 163 57 South Yemen 119 11 130 58 Colombia 124 4 128 59 Ghana 124 1 125 60 Tunisia 121 2 123 61 Iran 116 2 118 62 Argentina 101 0 101 63 Other 1,573 62 1,635
JUMLAH 83,005 238,900 321,905 C. EUROPE 64 Italy 6,545 43 6,588 65 Spain 2,914 24 2,938 66 Netherland 1,197 8 1,205 67 Germany 916 9 925 68 UK 1,306 113 1,419 69 Switzerland 803 4 807 70 Portugal 508 2 510 71 France 442 3 445 72 Denmark 296 7 303 73 Malta 259 1 260 74 Greece 203 6 209 75 Other 803 46 849 76 Norway 130 1 131
JUMLAH 16 322 267 16 589
IOWs Cases, 2014 Nu TYPES OF CASES %
1 Wage Problems 47.50 %
2 Physical Abuses 9.93 %
3 Sexual Harassment 3.99 %
4 Over Loaded Work 10.01 %
5 Negative Behavior of Employer 14.26 %
6 Working Without LC 0.16 %
7 Home Sick 2.35 %
8 Disharmony with Employer 0.39 %
9 Sick 11.41 %
TAHUN TOTAL REMITANSI
2010 6,74
2011 6,73
2012 7,02
2013 7,41
2014 7,73
IOWs Remittances, 2010-2014 (in millions US$)
Source: Central of Indonesia Bank
6. Solutions
Strengthening national legislations and institutional framework.
Improving inter-agency coordination and policy implementation
Enhancing protection efforts by Indonesian Missions abroad.