County & County & Regional Regional ContextContext

State State ParksParks& Urban& UrbanOpen Open SpaceSpace

Federal Federal and and National National Parks - Parks - city to city to wildlandwildland

social issues of St. Edward park

Parks Planning - ProgramParks Planning - Program Active RecreationActive Recreation Passive RecreationPassive Recreation Facilities and Facilities and

EventsEvents Unintended Unintended

ActivitiesActivitiesIntentions? Intentions? What’s Happening Now?What’s Happening Now?Revenue Potential? Revenue Potential?

Active RecreationActive Recreation Play ParkPlay Park Gymnasium, Swimming PoolGymnasium, Swimming Pool Sports Fields Sports Fields (baseball, soccer)(baseball, soccer)

Play ParkPlay Park

Sports Fields, Sports Fields, Reserved Group PicnicsReserved Group Picnics

Public EventsPublic Events

Public Public EventsEvents

PrivatePrivateEventEventRentalsRentals

Seminary,Seminary,HistoricHistoricRegisterRegister

Events and FacilitiesEvents and Facilities Play ParkPlay Park Gymnasium, Swimming PoolGymnasium, Swimming Pool Sports Fields Sports Fields (baseball, soccer)(baseball, soccer)

Other?Other?

Passive RecreationPassive Recreation Bike RidingBike Riding Hiking/WalkingHiking/Walking Dog WalkingDog Walking Horseback RidingHorseback Riding PicnicsPicnics BirdingBirding Shoreline ActivityShoreline Activity

Hiking/Dog WalkingHiking/Dog Walking

On Leash?On Leash?

Social TrailsSocial Trails

Social Trails Social Trails

Prevention? Prevention? Signs? Signs?

GraffittiGraffitti

Motor VehiclesMotor Vehicles

Rope SwingsRope Swings

Unintended ActivitiesUnintended Activities Motor VehiclesMotor Vehicles GraffittiGraffitti VandalismVandalism Water Activities (swings)Water Activities (swings) Personal Security on TrailsPersonal Security on Trails

Landscape Impacts:Landscape Impacts:Activity OutcomesActivity Outcomes

Shoreline ErosionShoreline Erosion

Shoreline ErosionShoreline Erosion

Salmon HabitatSalmon Habitat

WildlifeWildlifeHabitatHabitat

Trail ErosionTrail Erosion

Invasive Species - IvyInvasive Species - Ivy

Hazard TreesHazard Trees

Landscape ImpactsLandscape Impacts Shoreline ErosionShoreline Erosion Shoreline & SalmonShoreline & Salmon Trail ErosionTrail Erosion Wildlife HabitatWildlife Habitat Invasive SpeciesInvasive Species Hazard TreesHazard Trees

Off-site Social Issues - St. EdwardOff-site Social Issues - St. Edward Adjacent property owners?Adjacent property owners? Users from nearby areas?Users from nearby areas? Stakeholders and decision-Stakeholders and decision-

makers who aren’t on-site makers who aren’t on-site but make key decisions but make key decisions (budget, staff)(budget, staff)

County & County & Regional Regional ContextContext

State State ParksParks& Urban& UrbanOpen Open SpaceSpace

Federal Federal and and National National Parks - Parks - city to city to wildlandwildland

social issues of urban parks & recreation

National Trends - UrbanizationNational Trends - Urbanization

time series model - past to time series model - past to futurefuture

U.S. Urban Land Cover (2000)

Nowak, J. Forestry, Dec. 2005

U.S. Urban Land Cover (2000)

Nowak, J. Forestry, Dec. 2005

U.S. Urban Land Cover (2010)

U.S. Urban Land Cover (2020)

U.S. Urban Land Cover (2030)

U.S. Urban Land Cover (2040)

U.S. Urban Land Cover (2050)

Urban Urban Parks Parks ClassesClassesJapanJapan

Urban Urban Parks Parks ClassesClassesJapanJapan

Urban Parks Standards Urban Parks Standards USAUSA

=120+ sq m per person

vs. 61+ sq m King Co (1998)vs. 9 sq m in Japan

County & County & Regional Regional ContextContext

State State ParksParks& Urban& UrbanOpen Open SpaceSpace

Federal Federal and and National National Parks - Parks - city to city to wildlandwildland

social issues of urban parks & recreation

WA Growth Management ActWA Growth Management Act

Enacted 1990, 5 year updatesEnacted 1990, 5 year updates All communities in WAAll communities in WA Requires that cities and counties Requires that cities and counties

adopt policies and develop programs adopt policies and develop programs that:that:– Direct new growth to urbanized areas– Promote health, safety, and high quality

of life– Protecting lands and the natural

environment

King County Population TrendsKing County Population Trends

King County Urban Growth BoundaryKing County Urban Growth Boundary

King County - 180 parks, 175 miles of trails, 25,000 acres

King County Parks

King County King County Parks/RecreationParks/Recreationquantity and location quantity and location (180 sites, 175 miles (180 sites, 175 miles trails)trails)

connectivity of open spaces connectivity of open spaces (25,000 acres)(25,000 acres)

user demands and potential conflictsuser demands and potential conflictsmanagement costs!management costs!who owns it?who owns it?

St. St. Edward Edward parcel - parcel - local local contextcontext

St. Edward St. Edward parcel - parcel -

public public open open space space neededneeded

316 acres316 acres

3,000 ft 3,000 ft shore (last shore (last undevelopundevelopededon Lake on Lake WA)WA)

conservaticonservationoneasementeasement

Conservation EasementConservation Easementlegally enforceable land preservation legally enforceable land preservation agreementagreementvoluntary by ownervoluntary by ownerdonate rights but retain ownershipdonate rights but retain ownershipincentives? tax abatement, legacy incentives? tax abatement, legacy (contribute to public good)(contribute to public good)purpose: protect ag, forests, habitat, purpose: protect ag, forests, habitat, ecosystem servicesecosystem servicesrestricts real estate development, restricts real estate development, commercial use, other activities to mutually commercial use, other activities to mutually agreed levelagreed level

Challenges to NIPF Landowners

•Development value of land

•Forest condition•Regulations: stream buffers, County regs•Opposition from neighbors•Lack of infrastructure/mills - large logs

discounted•Economies of scale•Changing products

Two foci...

1. Limit fragmentation of industrial forestland.

2. Work with small rural forest landowners to promote forest stewardship.

Agency/Non-profit efforts

Supporting NIPF Landowners

Technical assistance and Forest Stewardship Classes •203 forest landowners •316 parcels•5910 acres

Conservation Futures dollars to acquire development rights

Enhanced CUT program - Timberland, PBRS Forest

Transfer of Development Rights Program (TDR)

NIPF Landowners Incentives

Commercial/Industrial Forest Owners• Weyerhaeuser and Plum Creek are moving out.• Between 2000 and 2002 - 47 permit applications and 28 parcels segregated (non-forest uses!)

Non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners• Since 1996, decrease in 500+ acre owners (11,500 > 8150 acres)

• Corresponding increase in 4 - 20 acre parcels (872 >1245 parcels).

King County Private Forest Trends

Rural NIPF Landowners75% own less than 40 acres70% have owned the land less than 20 years52% live on their forestland30% have sold timber from their land

Urban Parks - JapanUrban Parks - Japan