criminal casedigest i

7/25/2019 Criminal CaseDigest I

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Table of Contents

Title 2: Crimes Against the Fundamental Law of the State...............................7

Art. 124: Arbitrary etention........................................................................7!ilo ". Salanga #$.%. &o. L'(7))7*.............................................................7

Cayao ". el !undo #A.!. &o. !T+',('-1(*................................................,

Astorga ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1041()*........................................................11

Art. 120: elay in the eli"ery of etained ersons to the ro/er +udiial

Authorities...................................................................................................1(

eo/le "s. $aria #$.%. &o. 12202*........................................................1(

+as/er Agbay "s. e/uty 3mbudsman for !ilitary #$.%. &o. 1(40)(*......10

Title (: Crimes Against ubli 3rder...............................................................17Art.1(4: %ebellion or nsurretion................................................................17

eo/le "s. Silongan #$.%. &o. 1(71-2*.....................................................17

5nrile "s. Amin #$.%. &o. ,(((0*..............................................................1-

eo/le "s. !anglallan #$.%. &o. L'(-0(-*................................................1,

Title 4: Crimes Against ubli nterest............................................................21

Art. 1-: llegal ossession and 6se of False Treasury or an8 &otes and

3ther nstruments of Credit........................................................................21

Teson ". CA #(7) SC%A 1-1*...................................................................21Art. 171: Falsi9ation by ubli 3er; 5m/loyee< or &otary or

5lesiastial !inister................................................................................. 2(

Art. 172: Falsi9ation by ri"ate ndi"iduals and 6se of Falsi9ed ouments

....................................................................................................................2(

Amora ". CA #100 SC%A (--*...................................................................2(

a=elga >. Sareal #17 SC%A (0)*...........................................................20

%eebido ". eo/le #(4 SC%A --*...........................................................27

Art. 1-(: er=ury.......................................................................................... 2,

>illanue"a "s. Seretary of +ustie #470 SC%A 4,0*.................................2,

Auna "s. e/uty 3mbudsman #40) SC%A 2(7*......................................(1

Choa "s. eo/le #2,, SC%A 140*..............................................................((

Art. 1-0: !ahinations in ubli Autions...................................................(0

3uano ". CA............................................................................................. (0

Art. 2)1: mmoral otrines; 3bsene ubliations and 5?hibitions; and

ndeent Shows........................................................................................... (7

glesia ni @risto ". CA #$.%. &o. 11,7(*..................................................(7

ita ". CA #$.%. &o. -)-)*.......................................................................(,

Fernando ". CA #$.%. &o. 10,701*............................................................41

Title 7: Crimes Committed by ubli 3ers.................................................4(

Art. 2)4: @nowingly %endering 6n=ust +udgment.........................................4(

iego ". Castillo #A.!. &o. %T+')2'17(*...................................................4(

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>uitton ". >illanue"a #A.!. &o. !T+',2'4(*.............................................40

uena"ista ". $aria #A.!. &o. %T+'--'24*..............................................47

Art. 2): 6n=ust nterloutory 3rder............................................................0)

Layola ". +udge $abo; +r. #(2( SC%A (4-*.................................................0)

Art. 211: ndiret ribery.............................................................................0(

Formillea ". Sandiganbayan #$.%. &o. 14,102*......................................0(

Art. 212: Corru/tion of ubli 3ials........................................................00

Chua "s. &uestro #A.!. &o. '--'20*......................................................00

Art. 217: !al"ersation of ubli Funds or ro/erty......................................0

a"alos ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 14022,*........................................................0

eo/le ". 6y #$.%. &o. 107(,,*................................................................)

Chan ". Sandiganbayan #$. %. &o. 14,1(*.............................................(

Art. 22): llegal 6se of ubli Funds or ro/erty..........................................0

Tetango ". 3mbudsman #$.%. &o. 10427*............................................0

Abdulla ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 10)12,*........................................................7

arungao ". Sandiganbayan #$.%. &o. ,)20*..........................................,

Title -: Crimes Againt ersons........................................................................71

Art. 247: eath or hysial n=uries nBited under 5?e/tional

Cirumstanes............................................................................................71

eo/le ". $ela"er..................................................................................... 71

eo/le ". Amamong/ong.........................................................................7(

eo/le ". 3yanib...................................................................................... 70

Art. 24-: !urder.......................................................................................... 77

eo/le "s !allari #$.%. &o. 140,,(*.........................................................77

eo/le "s $onales #$.%. &o. 1(,042*.....................................................7,

eo/le "s A"eilla #$.%. &o. 117)((*.......................................................-1

Art. 24,: omiide...................................................................................... -(

&a"arro "s Court of A//eals #$.%. &o. 121)-7*.......................................-(eo/le "s 6lle/ #$.%. &o. 1(2047*...........................................................-0

eo/le "s Antonio #$.%. &o. 12-,))*.......................................................-7

Art. 201: eath Caused in a Tumultous ADray............................................-,

eo/le ". Aneito 6nlagada y SuanEue #$.%. &o. 141)-)*.......................-,

Sison "s. eo/le #$.%. &o. 1)-2-)'-(*.....................................................,1

eo/le ". Creseniano !aramara #$.%. &o. 11),,4*................................,4

Art. 204: isharge of Firearms...................................................................,

ado ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1(1421*............................................................,

Art. 207: 6nintentional Abortion.................................................................,,

eo/le ". Salufrania #$.%. &o. L'0)--4*....................................................,,

eo/le ". $eno"es #$.%. &o. L'42-1,*....................................................1)1

Art 2: Slight hysial n=uries and !altreatment...................................1)2

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@ingston#e* Li ". eo/le and CA #$.%. &o. 127,2*................................1)2

Art. 2'A: %a/e........................................................................................1)4

eo/le ". ermoilla #$.%. &o. 170-()*.................................................1)4

eo/le ". asEue #$.% &o. 144)(0*......................................................1)

eo/le ". 3ga #$.%. &o. 102()2*............................................................1)7

Title ,: Crimes Against ersonal Liberty and Seurity..................................1),

Art. 27: @idna//ing and Serious llegal etention...................................1),

eo/le ". 5=andra #$.%. &o. 1(42)(*......................................................1),

eo/le ". Silongan y Linandang #$.%. &o. 1(71-2*................................11(

eo/le ". Castro #$.%. &o. 1(272*........................................................11

Art. 2-: Slight llegal etention...............................................................11-

eo/le ". adles #$.%. &os. 11-2)'21*.................................................11-

eo/le ". Llaguno #$.%. &o. ,122*........................................................12)

eo/le ". %oluna #$.%. &o. 1)17,7*........................................................122

Art. 27): @idna//ing and Failure to %eturn a !inor...................................124

eo/le ". %ubi'%osa astrana #$.%. &o. 14(44*....................................124

eo/le ". Teresa ernardo #$.%. &o. 144(1*.........................................12

eo/le ". >iente Ty and Carmen Ty #$.%. &o. 12101,*..........................12-

Art. 2-7: Light Coerions...........................................................................1()

aleros ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1(-),,*.......................................................1()3ng Chiu @wan "s. CA #$.%. &o. 11())*..............................................1(2

Title 1): Crimes Aganst ro/erty..................................................................1((

Art. 2,(: %obbery...................................................................................... 1((

eo/le ". %omeo A/olinario and Antonio %i"era #$.%. &o. ,742*.........1((

eo/le ". Cali?to inam/an; Artemio A/ostol; %oger Allan #at large*; and

5l"is oa #$.%. &o. 127-1*.................................................................1(0

eo/le ". onato el %osario #$.%. &o. 1(1)*......................................1(7

Art. ()-: Theft...........................................................................................1(,Laurel ". Abrogar #$.%. &o. 100)7*.......................................................1(,

Alfonso . $a"iola ". eo/le $.%. &o. 1(2,7........................................144

Santos ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 7742,*..........................................................14

Art. (1): Guali9ed Theft............................................................................14,

eo/le ". Salonga #$.%. &o. 1(11(1*......................................................14,

%oEue ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1(-,04*........................................................102

eo/le ". ustinera #$. %. &o. 14-2((*..................................................107

Art. (12: 3u/ation of %eal ro/erty or 6sur/ation of %eal %ights inro/erty....................................................................................................12

Guinao ". eo/le #((0 SC%A 741*..........................................................12

Art. (10: 5stafa.........................................................................................14

3ng ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 10270*............................................................14

Chua ". eo/le #$.%. &os. 10),2 and ()*.............................................17

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$onaludo ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 10),1)*..................................................1,

Art. (1-: 3ther eeits.............................................................................172

+aime $uinhawa "s. eo/le #$.%. &o. 12-22*.......................................172

Title 11: Crimes against Chastity.................................................................170

Art. (((; ((4: Adultery and Conubinage.................................................170

eltran ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1(707*.......................................................170

>era &eri ". eo/le #$.%. &o. ,)2*......................................................177

Art. ((-: Sim/le Sedution........................................................................17,

eo/le ". asua #$% &o. 12-10,'2*....................................................17,

eo/le ". Teodosio #$%. &o. ,74,*........................................................1-2

Art. (44: roseution of the Crimes of Adultery; Conubinage; Sedution;

Abdution; %a/e and Ats of Lasi"iousness.............................................1-

eltran ". eo/le #((4 SC%A 1)*..........................................................1-

eo/le ". Ti/ay #(2, SC%A 02*...............................................................1--

Alonte ". Sa"ellano #2-7 SC%A 240*.......................................................1,)

Art.((: Ats of Lasi"iousness.................................................................1,2

Am/loyo "s. eo/le #407 SC%A (4)*......................................................1,2

eo/le "s. Collado #(0( SC%A (-1*........................................................1,4

ulla "s. Court of A//eals #(2 SC%A (2*..............................................1,

Art. ((7: Guali9ed Sedution....................................................................1,7

eo/le ". +a"ier #$.%. &o. 12),*.........................................................1,7

eo/le ". !anansala #$.%. &os. 11),74'-1*...........................................1,,

eo/le ". Al"are #$.%. &o. L'(444*......................................................2)2

Art. (42: Forible Abdution......................................................................2)0

eo/le "s. 5gan #$% &o. 1(,((-*..........................................................2)0

eo/le "s. Ablaneda #$.%. &o. 1(1,14*..................................................2),

eo/le "s. Sabrado #$.%. &o. 12114*...................................................211

Art. (4,: igamy....................................................................................... 210iego ". Castillo.....................................................................................210

Abunado ". eo/le.................................................................................21

Caho ". eo/le......................................................................................217

Title 1(: Crimes against onor.....................................................................21,

Art. (0(: Libel...........................................................................................21,

Fermin ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1074(*........................................................21,

!agno ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1((-,*........................................................220

uatis ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1420),*........................................................2(1

Art. (0-: Slander.......................................................................................2(

>illanue"a ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1)(01*..................................................2(

CaHal ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1(1-1*.........................................................2(-

ader ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1(,107*.........................................................2(,

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Title 14: Guasi'3Denses...............................................................................24)

Art. (0: m/rudene and &egligene.......................................................24)

Loney "s. eo/le #$.%. &o. 10244*.......................................................24)

Abue"a "s. eo/le #$.%. &o. 1(4(-7*.....................................................242

eo/le ". e los Santos #$.%. &o. 1(10--*.............................................244

Anti'Iireta//ing At #%.A. &o. 42))*............................................................247

Soorro . %amire "s. CA and 5ster S. $aria #$.%. &o. ,(-((*...........247

Feli/e &a"arro "s. CA and eo/le #$.%. &o. 121)-7*.............................24,

5dgardo A. $aanan "s. AC and eo/le #$.%. &o. L' ,-),*...................201

Anti'Carna//ing Law #%.A. 0(,*.................................................................204

eo/le ". ustinera #$.%. &o. 14-2((*...................................................204

eo/le ". $aria #$.%. &o. 1(-47)*........................................................20

eo/le ". Lobitania #$.%. &o. 142(-)*....................................................20-

robation Law...............................................................................................2)

omingo Lagrosa and 3sias aguin ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 102)44*..........2)

Lilia >ioy ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1(-2)(*...................................................22

Ale=andra ablo ". on. Sil"erio Castillo and eo/le #$.%. &o. 1201)-*. 24

Anti'Fening Law.......................................................................................... 2

Fransiso ". eo/le #$% &o. 140-4*......................................................2

Tan ". eo/le #$% &o. 1(42,-*...............................................................271Anti'$raft and Corru/t raties At #%.A. ()1,*..........................................27

eo/le ". Arturo F. ai9ador #$.%. &o. 1(,4)0*...................................27

%osalia !. ugayon "s. eo/le #$.%. &o. 147(((*.................................27-

Arturo A. !e=orada "s. Sandiganbayan #$.%. &os. L'01)0'72*.............2-)

Anti'ighway %obbery #.. 0(2*..................................................................2-2

eo/le ". asual #$.%. &o. 1(2-7)*......................................................2-2

eo/le ". %eanares #$.%. &o. 1()0*..................................................2-(

eo/le ". Cerbito #$.%. &o. 12(,7*.......................................................2-4

Com/rehensi"e angerous rugs At..........................................................2-0

eo/le ". ongarawan #(-4 SC%A 020*................................................2-0

Suson ". eo/le #4,4 SC%A ,1*............................................................2-7

eo/le ". Lagata #4)4 SC%A 71*...........................................................2-,

llegal ossession of FirearmsJ5?/losi"es Law #%.A. -2,4*...........................2,1

Sayo ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 10,7)(*.........................................................2,1

eo/le ". Comadre #$.%. &o. 10(00,*....................................................2,(

eo/le ". Tadeo #$.%. &os. 127) K 144)11'12*..................................2,

Anti Fening Law #.. 112*......................................................................2,-

Franiso ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 140-4*....................................................2,-

Anti'ouning Che8s Law #.. 22*...............................................................()1

!arigomen ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 10(401*.................................................()1

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Syi/ ". CA #(2- SC%A 447*...................................................................()4

%euerdo ". eo/le #$.%. &o. 1(()(*...................................................()7

Art. 2,4#*: %obbery with %a/e.................................................................(),

eo/le ". !oreno....................................................................................(),

eo/le ". omingo #(-( SC%A 4(*.........................................................(1)

eo/le ". >ereles #(-- SC%A 010*........................................................(12

Art. 14-: iret Assault............................................................................. (1(

eo/le "s. ural #22( SC%A 2)1*...........................................................(1(

eo/le "s. Abalos #20- SC%A 02(*.........................................................(14

eo/le "s. Ta'an #1-2 SC%A 2)1*..........................................................(10

John Aceveda

2008-0032

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Title 2: Crimes Against the Fundamental La of the !tate

Art" #2$: Arbitrar% &etention

'ilo v" !alanga ()"*" +o" L-3,00,

Facts:

On April 21, 1973, at around 10 in the evening, in barrio Baguinay,

Manaoag, Pangasinan, Juan uvera, a Barrio !aptain, a""o#panied by several

poli"e#en, #altreated Ar#ando $alde% by hitting &ith butts o' their guns and 'ist

blo&s and i##ediately therea'ter &ithout legal grounds, deliberately deprived

$alde% o' his liberty( )o&ever, uvera 'iled a #otion to *uash the in'or#ation onthe ground that the 'a"ts "harged are not su''i"ient to support the 'iling o' the

in'or#ation #ade by Prose"utor Milo( hat he &as not a publi" o''i"er &ho "an

be "harged &ith arbitrary detention( +espondent Judge alanga granted the

#otion( )en"e this "ase(

.ssue:

-hether or not uvera, a barrio "aptain, is a publi" o''i"er &ho "an be

liable 'or the "ri#e o' arbitrary detention.

&ecision:

/es( he upre#e !ourt ruled that long be'ore the ena"t#ent o' P(( 299,

Barrio lieutenants, &ho &ere later na#ed Barrio !aptains and no& Barangay

!aptains , &ere re"ogni%ed as persons in authority( he !ourt ruled on itsvarious de"isions, ruled the# as dee#ed persons in authority( nder +(A( o(

390, other&ise 4no&n as the +evised Barrio !hapter, the po&ers and duties o'

a barrio !aptain in"lude the 'ollo&ing5 to too4 a'ter the #aintenan"e o' publi"

order in the barrio and to assist the #uni"ipal #ayor and the #uni"ipal "oun"ilor

in "harge o' the distri"t in the per'or#an"e o' their duties in su"h barrio, to loo4

a'ter the general &el'are o' the barrio, to en'or"e all la&s and ordinan"es, and

organi%e and lead an e#ergen"y group 'or the #aintenan"e o' pea"e and order

&ithin the barrio( He is a peace officer in the in the barrio considered under the

law as a person in authority. As such, he may make arrest and detain persons

within legal limits.

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John Aceveda

2008-0032

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Ca%ao v" &el 'undo (A"'" +o" 'TJ-/3-8#3

Facts6

Petitioner is a driver o' onnys ransit Bus( On O"tober 22, 1992, &hile

travelling the Mataas na 8upa, Alulod, ndang, !avite, he overtoo4 a to( i:o

8iner driven by Arnel Muloy( As a "onse*uen"e thereo', the bus driven by the

petitioner al#ost "ollided head;on &ith an on"o#ing o&ner;type


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vehi"le, "o#plainant;driver &as not "o##itting or had not a"tually "o##itted a

"ri#e in the presen"e o' respondent


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Astorga v" eo1le ()"*" +o" #$#30

Facts6

On epte#ber 1, 1997, the private o''ended parties &ho are #e#bers o'

the +egional pe"ial Operations roup >+O? o' the epart#ent o'

nviron#ent and atural +esour"es station at a"loban !ity, a""o#panied by

PO3 !in"o and PO1 !apo*uian, &ent to the sland o' ara#, -estern a#ar

to "ondu"t intelligen"e operations on possible illegal logging a"tivities( At that

a'ternoon, they 'ound t&o boats #easuring 1C #eters in length and #eters in

breadth being "onstru"ted at Barangay 8o"ob;8o"ob( here they #et petitioner

Benito Astorga, the Mayor o' ara#, &ho turned out to be the o&ner o' the

boats( A heated alter"ation ensued bet&een the#( Petitioner a""o#panied by tenar#ed #en brought the + tea# to petitionerDs house &here they had dinner

and drin4s( he tea# le't at 2 in the #orning( his #atter &as brought to be'ore

the andiganbayan &hi"h ruled and holds petitioner 'or arbitrarily detaining the

private o''ended parties(

.ssue:

-hether or not petitioner is "ri#inally liable 'or arbitrary detention.

&ecision6

o( the upre#e !ourt ruled that the deter#inative 'a"tor in Arbitrary

etention, in the absen"e o' a"tual physi"al restraint, is 'ear( he ele#ents o' the

"ri#e o' Arbitrary etention are6 1(? hat the o''ender is a publi" o''i"er or

e#ployee, 2(? hat he detains a person and 3(? hat the detention is &ithout legal

grounds(here is no proo' that petitioner instilled 'ear in the #inds o' the private

o''ended parties( here &as no a"tual restraint i#posed on the private o''ended

parties( PO1 !apo*uian in 'a"t testi'ied that they &ere 'ree to leave the house

and roa# around the barangay( Eurther#ore, he ad#itted that it &as raining at

that ti#e( )en"e, it is possible that petitioner prevented the tea# 'ro# leaving the

island be"ause it &as unsa'e 'or the# to travel by boat( Petitioner, being then a

#uni"ipal #ayor, #erely e=tended his hospitality and entertained the +ea# in his house( he testi#ony #ade by the private o''ended parties negate

the ele#ent o' detention( Eear is a state o' #ind and is ne"essarily sub


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Art" #2: &ela% in the &eliver% of &etained ersons to the ro1er

Judicial Authorities

eo1le vs" )arcia ()"*" +o" #222

Facts:

On ov( 1C, 199F herein a""used Jesus ar"ia boarded a


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)il Acosta2008-008

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Jas1er Agba% vs" &e1ut% 4mbudsman for 'ilitar% ()"*" +o" #3$03

Facts:

On epte#ber 7, 1997 Jasper Agbay together &ith a her&in Jugalbot

&ere arrested and detained at the 8iloan Poli"e tation by herein private

respondent poli"e#en( hey &ere arrested 'or an alleged violation o' +(A( 71G0(

he 'ollo&ing day a "o#plaint 'or violation o' said la& &as 'iled against the t&o

a""used be'ore the Muni"ipal !ir"uit rial !ourt o' 8iloan, Metro !ebu by one

i"arya 'or and behal' o' her daughter ayle(

On epte#ber 10, 1997 the petitioner argued to the !hie' o' Poli"e thatthey be released, "onsidering that the latter had 'ailed to deliver the detained

petitioner to the proper


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*anv%lle Albano

2008-002

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Title 3: Crimes Against ublic 4rder

Art"#3$: *ebellion or .nsurrection

eo1le vs" !ilongan ()"*" +o" #3,#82

Facts:

he appellants in this "ase, &ho are a Moro sla#i" 8iberation Eront

>M8E? and Moro ational 8iberation Eront >M8E? rebel surrenderees, &ere

"onvi"ted in the +egional rial !ourt 'or the "ri#e o' 4idnapping &ith erious

llegal etention o' Ale=ander alda:a and his three "o#panions( he 'our

vi"ti#s &ere ta4en to a #ountain hideout and the appellants de#anded ranso##oney 'or their release( Ale=ander &as detained 'or si= #onths until he &as

'inally released(

.ssue:

-hether or not the "ri#e o' 4idnapping "o##itted by the a""used should

be absorbed in rebellion.

&ecision:

As regards the argu#ent that the "ri#e &as politi"ally #otivated and that

"onse*uently, the "harge should have been rebellion and not 4idnapping, &e 'ind

the sa#e li4e&ise to be &ithout #erit( As held in ffice of the -roincial

-rosecutor of /amboanga #el 0orte s. 1A,the politi"al #otivation 'or the "ri#e

#ust be sho&n in order to


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5nrile vs" Amin ()"*" +o" /333

Facts:

ogether &ith the 'iling o' an in'or#ation "harging enator Juan Pon"e

nrile as having "o##itted rebellion &ith the +egional rial !ourt o' Hue%on

!ity, govern#ent prose"utors 'iled another in'or#ation "harging hi# 'or violation

o' Presidential e"ree o( 1C29 &ith the +egional rial !ourt o' Ma4ati( he

prose"ution in this Ma4ati "ase alleges that the petitioner entertained and

a""o##odated !ol( )onasan by giving hi# 'ood and "o#'ort on e"e#ber 1,

19C9 in his house 4no&ing that !olonel )onasan is a 'ugitive 'ro#


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eo1le vs" 'anglallan ()"*" +o" L-3838

Facts:

Ia aniel, the leader o' the e& Peoples Ar#y >PA? in ta( Ana,

!agayan dire"ted a""used Andres Manglallan, !esar Alvare%, o#ingo +a#os,

and $irgilio Ballesteros, #e#bers o' the PA to go to Barrio Punti and 4ill one

Apolonio +agual &ho &as suspe"ted by Ia aniel to be a Philippine

!onstabulary >P!? in'or#er( aid 'our &ent to the barrio o' +agual "arrying &ith

the# their 'irear#s( hey arrived at Punti at 9600 A(M( and they sa& +agual at

the river ban4 giving his "arabao a bath( +a#os &ent to hi# and a'ter a &hile

shot hi# &ith his gun( Manglallan also shot hi# 'ollo&ed &ith another shot byAlvare%, as a result o' &hi"h +agual 'ell do&n and died( Manglallan then pla"ed

on the dead body o' +agual a &riting and dra&ing #ade by their asso"iation

&arning the people and the P! o' their a"tivities(

.ssue:

-hether or not the "ri#e "o##itted by the a""used is rebellion or

#urder.

&ecision:

n the "ase o'

-eople s. Agarin, &hi"h &as a prose"ution 'or #urder, li4e

the present "ase, &here the a""used )u4 #e#ber &ith his "o#panions 4illed the

vi"ti# be"ause he &as a P! in'or#er, this !ourt held that the "ri#e "o##itted is

si#ple rebellion and not #urder, as 'ollo&s6

he o''ense perpetrated by appellant is #urder, *uali'ied by

abuse o' superior strength( !onsidering, ho&ever, the 'a"t

that the 4illing &as "o##itted as a #eans to or in the

'urtheran"e o' the subversive ends o' the )u4 balahaps

>)I? be"ause appellant and his "o#panions,

!o##ander Manaing and !o##ander $ida suspe"ted thede"eased to have a"ted as a spy and had in'or#ed the BO

and overn#ent agen"ies regarding the presen"e o' the

)u4s in that region, &e 'ind Eederi"o Agarin alias

!o##ander @#ith@ guilty o' the "ri#e o' si#ple rebellion

1,| a g e


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only >-eople s. Hernande2, et al

(, 99 Phil( 15 2 O''( a%(

12K 0G5 e"s( F and , +ule 11G5 -eople s. 3elecio

Aquino, et al

(, 10C Phil C1F5 7 O''( a% 1K 91 C0?@ -eople

s. Agarin, 109 Phil( F30, F3GK@

he !ourt, there'ore, sustains the "ontention o' the appellant that the

"ri#e he "o##itted is not #urder but the "ri#e o' rebellion punishable under

Arti"les 13F and 13 o' the +evised Penal !ode(

6rian 6onifacio &ela Cru7

200,-0388

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Title $: Crimes Against ublic .nterest

Art" #8: .llegal ossession and se of False Treasur% or 6an9

+otes and 4ther .nstruments of Credit

Tecson v" CA (3,0 !C*A #8#

Facts:

On April 2C, 1990, a buy;bust operation &as held by the !entral Ban4

Operatives in order to "apture a "ertain Mang Andy &ho is involved in a

syndi"ate engaging in the business o' "ounter'eit dollar notes( 8abita and

Mar*ueta >#e#bers o' the buy;bust operation tea#? a"ted as poseur;buyer,

approa"hed Mang Andy inside the Jollibee restaurant( -hen the "ivilian in'or#er

introdu"ed the# to Mang Andy, the latter &as "onvin"ed and dre& 10 pie"es o'

dollar notes 'ro# his &allet( At that #o#ent, 8abita and Mar*ueta introdu"ed

the#selves as !entral Ban4 operatives and apprehended Mang Andy &ho# they

later identi'ied as herein petitioner, Ale


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that prior to the buy;bust operation, the "ivilian in'or#er had an agree#ent &ith

the petitioner to arrange a #eeting &ith the prospe"tive buyers( t &as a"tually

the petitioner &ho planned and arranged said #eeting and &hat the in'or#er did

&as only to "onvin"e the petitioner that there are prospe"tive buyers( !learly

there'ore, prior to the buy;bust operation, the petitioner had already the intention

to sell 'a4e dollar notes and 'ro# that 'a"t alone he "annot "lai# that he &as

only instigated to "o##it the "ri#e( he petitioner also 'ailed to over"o#e the

legal presu#ption that publi" o''i"ers regularly per'or# their o''i"ial duties(

'elencio !" Faustino

2008-00/$

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Art" #,#: Falsification b% ublic 4fficer 5m1lo%ee; or +otar% or

5cclesiastical 'inister

Art" #,2: Falsification b% rivate .ndividuals and se of Falsified

&ocumentsAmora v" CA (# !C*A 388

Facts:

Petitioners no"entes A#ora, Jr( and !laudio Murillo &ere a""used o' 'our

>F? "ounts o' sta'a thru Ealsi'i"ation o' Publi" o"u#ents( Petitioners allegedly

'alsi'y the i#e Boo4 and Payroll $ou"her o' the #uni"ipality o' uindul#an,

Bohol, "overing the period 'ro# epte#ber 1 to 30, 1972 by #a4ing it appear

that $i"ente Bega#ano and Al'redo Bagtasos rendered 21 days servi"es ea"h in

@gathering boulders 'or shore prote"tion@ 'or the period 'ro# epte#ber 1 to 30,

1972 &hen they did not in 'a"t render said servi"es( A'ter trial, the !ourt o' Eirst

nstan"e o' Bohol 'inds the a""used uilty as "harged(

he !ourt o' Appeals held that the a""used &ere not guilty o' esta'a

be"ause evidently the Muni"ipality o' uindul#an did not su''er any loss or

da#age arising 'ro# the payrolls( On the "ontrary, the govern#ent gained 'ro#

the said pro


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n the instant "ase, t is *uite obvious that the proper #ethod 'or "lai#ing

pay#ent under the pakyaw"ontra"t &as 'or Murillo to si#ply bill the to&n 'or so

#any "ubi" #eters o' boulders &hi"h had been delivered and piled at the

#uni"ipal &har'( nstead he and no"entes A#ora, Jr( resorted to the payroll

syste# &hi"h is not only "u#berso#e but also involved 'alsi'i"ation( he reason

"ould only be that they &ere ignorant and ill;advised as "lai#ed(

Ero# the 'oregoing "oupled &ith the 'a"t that the to&n o' uindul#an

su''ered no da#age and even gained on the pro


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a


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As Justi"e Albert says6 @in the 'alsi'i"ation o' publi" or o''i"ial do"u#ent

under Art( 171 o' the +evised Penal !ode, it is not enough that the 'alsi'i"ation

be "o##itted by a publi" o''i"er5 it is also ne"essary that it should be "o##itted

by a publi" o''i"er &ith abuse o' his o''i"e, that is, in deeds, instru#ent,

indentures, "erti'i"ates, et"(, in the e=e"ution o' &hi"h he parti"ipates by reason

o' his o''i"e(@

n the instant "ase, the deed o' absolute sale e=e"uted by Ablat &as

ad


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*ecebido v" eo1le (3$ !C*A 88

Facts:

his is a petition 'or revie& on certiorariassailing the e"ision o' the !ourt

o' Appeals 'inding petitioner guilty beyond reasonable doubt o' Ealsi'i"ation o'

Publi" o"u#ent(

Petitioner &as "harged and "onvi"ted by the trial "ourt o' 'alsi'ying the

signature o' !aridad orol, "ausing it to appear that said !aridad orol has

signed her na#e on a eed o' Absolute ale o' +eal Property in his 'avor, &hen

in truth and in 'a"t he &ell 4ne&, that !aridad orol did not e=e"ute saiddo"u#ent, to the da#age and pre


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sub#itted by petitioner hi#sel' &hen the sa#e &as re*uested by the B 'or

e=a#ination( !learly in possession o' the 'alsi'ied deed o' sale &as petitioner and

not !aridad orol &ho #erely veri'ied the *uestioned sale &ith the Provin"ial

Assessors O''i"e o' orsogon(L n other &ords, the petitioner &as in possession

o' the 'orged deed o' sale &hi"h purports to sell the sub


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Art" #83: er)!?, a "orporation duly

organi%ed and e=isting under the la&s o' the Philippines( he #atter involved

11(070 tons o' #agnesite;based re'ra"tory bri"4s 'ro# er#any(

Be"ause o' su"h protest a "on'eren"e &as #ade a#ong and bet&een theparties in order 'or the# to rea"h a "o#pro#ise agree#ent(

As the "o#pro#ise &as done, the re"eption o' do"u#ents ensued bet&een

the parties( On the pro"ess o' su"h re"eption, the phrase in the agree#ent &as

"hange by inserting the phrase based on the 'indings o' the BL in the

"o#pro#ise(

he petitioner 'iled a "ase o' per


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Any person &ho, in "ase o' a sole#n a''ir#ation #ade in

lieu o' an oath, shall "o##it any o' the 'alsehoods #entioned in

this and the three pre"eding arti"les o' this se"tion shall su''er the

respe"tive penalties provided therein(

Per2? it #ust be proven that the

de'endant did not believe those state#ents to be true(

Ja%1ee )arcia

200,-0280

Acuna vs" &e1ut% 4mbudsman ($0 !C*A 23,

Facts:

()| a g e


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Petitioner !elsa P( A"u:a >petitionerL? is a 'or#er tea"her o' the Angeles !ity

ational rade "hool >A!L? in Angeles !ity, Pa#panga( +espondent

Pedro Pas"ua >respondent Pas"uaL? &as A!D O''i"er;n;!harge &hile

respondent +onnie urla >respondent urlaL? &as a #e#ber o' its 'a"ulty(

A #eeting &ithin the s"hool &as "ondu"ted bet&een tea"hers and personnels

o' the s"hool regarding #atters &hi"h &ere arising a#ong the#( As on o''shoot

o' the #eeting, series o' #is"ondu"t "ase &ere 'ile by and a#ong the#(

u"h "ases though 'iled ad#inistratively, others still 'iled a "ases 'or violation

o' perb? that the state#ent or a''idavit &as

#ade be'ore a "o#petent o''i"er, authori%ed to re"eive and ad#inister

oath5 >"? that in that state#ent or a''idavit, the a""used #ade a &ill'ul and

deliberate assertion o' a 'alsehood5 and, >d? that the s&orn state#ent or

a''idavit "ontaining the 'alsity is re*uired by la& or #ade 'or a legal

purpose(

Publi" respondent "orre"tly ruled that the 'irst and third ele#ents are

absent here in that private respondentsD state#ents &ere not #aterial to that

"ase nor do they "onstitute &ill'ul and deliberate assertion o' 'alsehood(

(1| a g e


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Ja%1ee )arcia200,-0280

Choa vs" eo1le (2// !C*A #$

Facts:

Al'onso !han !hoa, petitioner, is a !hinese national( On April 2, 19C9, he

'iled &ith the +egional rial !ourt o' Ba"olod !ity, a veri'ied petition 'or

naturali%ation(

(2| a g e


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8ater on, the petitioner &ithdre& su"h petition 'or naturali%ation 'or so#e

un4no&n reason(

A'ter 2 years, a "ase &as 'iled against hi# by his &i'e 'or per


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Jm !andino .m1erial

200,-02/,

Art" #8: 'achinations in ublic Auctions

4uano v" CA

Facts6

On June C, 1977, Julieta Ouano obtained a loan 'ro# PB( As se"urity 'or

said loan, she e=e"uted a real estate #ortgage over t&o par"els o' land lo"ataed

at Opao, Mandaue !ity( he de'ault5ted on her obligation(

On epte#ber 29, 19C0, PB 'iled a petition 'or e=tra


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On ove#ber F, 19C0, the sheri'' prepared a noti"e o' sale setting the

date o' publi" au"tion o' the t&o par"els o' land on &ecember #/80and

"aused the noti"e to be published in the !ebu aily i#es, a ne&spaper o'

general "ir"ulation in Mandaue !ity, in three separate issues( 8i4e&ise, he

posted "opies thereo' in publi" pla"es in Mandaue !ity and in the pla"e &here

the properties are lo"ated(

)o&ever, the sale as s"heduled and published did not ta4e pla"e as the

parties, on 'our separate dates, e=e"uted Agree#ents to Postpone ale(

Einally, on May 29, 19C1, the sheri'' "ondu"ted the au"tion sale, a&arding

the t&o par"els o' land to PB, the only bidder(

On Mar"h 2C, 19C3, Julieta sent de#and letters to PB and petitioner,pointing out irregularities in the 'ore"losure sale( Julieta 'iled a "o#plaint &ith the

+egional rial !ourt >+!? o' !ebu 'or the nulli'i"ation o' the 'ore"losure sale(he +! o' !ebu rendered a de"ision saying that &ant o' republi"ation rendered

the 'ore"losure sale void(

PB and petitioner brought the "ase to the !ourt o' Appeals and said

!ourt a''ir#ed the ruling o' the rial !ourt(

.ssue:

-hether or not the re*uire#ents o' A"t( o( 313, the governing la& 'or

e=tra;


36/302

!haun Ja%oma200-00#

Art" 20#: .mmoral &octrines 4bscene ublications and

5>hibitions and .ndecent !hos

.glesia ni ?risto v" CA ()"*" +o" ##/,3

Facts:

+espondent appellate "ourt a''ir#ed the ruling o' the respondent Board =;

rating 8A !+ODs $ Progra# eries os( 11, 119, 121 and 12C(

he re"ords sho& that the respondent Board disallo&ed the progra# series 'or

@atta"4ing@ other religions( hus, =hibits @A,@ @A;1,@ >respondent Boards $oting

lip 'or elevision? reveal that its revie&ing #e#bers =;rated eries 11 'or

"riti"i%ing di''erent religions, based on their o&n interpretation o' the Bible( hey

suggested that the progra# should only e=plain petitioners o&n 'aith and belie's

and avoid atta"4s on other 'aiths( =hibit @B@ sho&s that eries o( 119 &as =;

rated be"ause @the glesia ni !risto insists on the literal translation o' the bible

and says that our !atholi" veneration o' the $irgin Mary is not to be "ondoned

be"ause no&here it is 'ound in the bible that &e should do so( =hibit @!@ sho&s

that eries o( 121 &as =;rated 'or reasons o' the atta"4s, they do on,

spe"i'i"ally, the !atholi" religion( =hibit @@ also sho&s that eries o( 12C &as

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not 'avorably re"o##ended be"ause it outrages !atholi" and Protestants

belie's( On se"ond revie&, it &as =;rated be"ause o' its unbalan"ed

interpretations o' so#e parts o' the bible( n su#, the respondent Board =;rated

petitioners $ progra# series os( 11, 119, 121 and 12C be"ause o'

petitioners "ontroversial bibli"al interpretations and its @atta"4s@ against "ontrary

religious belie's( he respondent appellate "ourt agreed and even held that the

said @atta"4s@ are inde"ent, "ontrary to la& and good "usto#s(

.ssue:

-hether respondent board gravely abused its dis"retion &hen it prohibited

the airing o' petitioners religious progra# 'or the reason that they "onstitute an

atta"4 against other religions and that they are inde"ent, "ontrary to la& and

good "usto#s.

&ecision:

t is opined that the respondent board "an still utili%e @atta"4 against any

religion@ as a ground allegedly be"ause se"tion 3 >"? o' P o( 19CG prohibits the

sho&ing o' #otion pi"tures, television progra#s and publi"ity #aterials &hi"h are

"ontrary to la& and Arti"le 201 >2? >b? >3? o' the +evised Penal !ode punishes

anyone &ho e=hibits @sho&s &hi"h offend any ra"e or religion(@ -e respe"t'ully

disagree 'or it is plain that the &ord @atta"4@ is not synony#ous &ith the &ord

@o''end(@ Moreover, Arti"le 201 >2? >b? >3? o' the +evised Penal !ode should be

invo4ed to


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!haun Ja%oma200-00#

ita v" CA ()"*" +o" 8080

Facts:

Pursuing an Anti;#ut !a#paign initiated by the Mayor o' the !ity o'

Manila, +a#on ( Bagatsing, poli"e authorities sei%ed and "on'is"ated reading

#aterials believed to be obs"ene, pornographi" and inde"ent and later burnedthe sei%ed #aterials in publi"( @Pinoy Playboy@ #aga%ines published and "o;

edited by plainti'' 8eo Pita &as a#ong the publi"ations sei%ed, and later burned(

Pita 'iled a "ase 'or in


39/302

ina? pon "onvi"tion o' the o''ender, to be 'or'eited in 'avor o' the

overn#ent to be destroyed( >b? -here the "ri#inal "ase against any violator o'

this de"ree results in an a"*uittal, the obs"enei##oral literature, 'il#s, prints,

engravings, s"ulptures, paintings or other #aterials and arti"les involved in the

violation re'erred to in e"tion 1 >re'erring to Art( 201? hereo' shall nevertheless

be 'or'eited in 'avor o' the govern#ent to be destroyed, a'ter 'or'eiture

pro"eedings "ondu"ted by the !hie' o' !onstabulary( >"? he person aggrieved

by the 'or'eiture a"tion o' the !hie' o' !onstabulary #ay, &ithin 'i'teen >1? days

a'ter his re"eipt o' a "opy o' the de"ision, appeal the #atter to the e"retary o'

ational e'ense 'or revie&( he de"ision o' the e"retary o' ational e'ense

shall be 'inal and unappealable(

he !ourt is not ruling out &arrantless sear"hes, as the +ules o' !ourt

>19GF rev(? >the +ules then prevailing?, provide6 !( 12( 4earch without warrant

of person arrested.N A person "harged &ith an o''ense #ay be sear"hed 'or

dangerous &eapons or anything &hi"h #ay be used as proo' o' the "o##issiono' the o''ense(But as the provision itsel' suggests, the sear"h #ust have been an

in"ident to a la&'ul arrest, and the arrest #ust be on a""ount o' a "ri#e

"o##itted( )ere, no party has been "harged, nor are su"h "harges being

readied against any party, under Arti"le 201, as a#ended, o' the +evised Penal

(,| a g e


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!ode( o say that the respondent Mayor "ould have validly ordered the raid >as a

result o' an anti;s#ut "a#paign? &ithout a la&'ul sear"h &arrant be"ause, in his

opinion, @violation o' penal la&s@ has been "o##itted, is to #a4e the respondent

Mayor


41/302

having se=ual inter"ourse, le&d photographs o' nude #en and &o#en in

e=pli"ating positions &hi"h a"ts serve no other purpose but to satis'y the #ar4et

'or lust or pornography to publi" vie&(

Petitioners "ontend that the prose"ution 'ailed to prove that at the ti#e o'

the sear"h, they &ere selling pornographi" #aterials( Eernando "ontends that

sin"e he &as not "harged as the o&ner o' an establish#ent selling obs"ene

#aterials, the prose"ution #ust prove that he &as present during the raid and

that he &as selling the said #aterials( Moreover, he "ontends that the appellate

"ourtDs reason 'or "onvi"ting hi#, on a presu#ption o' "ontinuing o&nership

sho&n by an e=pired #ayorDs per#it, has no su''i"ient basis sin"e the

prose"ution 'ailed to prove his o&nership o' the establish#ent( storninos, on the

other hand, insists that he &as not an attendant in Musi" Eair, nor did he

introdu"e hi#sel' so(

.ssue:

-hether petitioners parti"ipate in the distribution and e=hibition o'

obs"ene #aterials.

&ecision:

he upre#e !ourt e#phasi%es that #ere possession o' obs"ene

#aterials, &ithout intention to sell, e=hibit, or give the# a&ay, is not punishable

under Arti"le 201, "onsidering the purpose o' the la& is to prohibit the

disse#ination o' obs"ene #aterials to the publi"( he o''ense in any o' the 'or#s

under Arti"le 201 is "o##itted only &hen there is publi"ity( he la& does not

re*uire that a person be "aught in the a"t o' selling, giving a&ay or e=hibiting

obs"ene #aterials to be liable, 'or as long as the said #aterials are o''ered 'or

sale, displayed or e=hibited to the publi"( n the present "ase, &e 'ind that

petitioners are engaged in selling and e=hibiting obs"ene #aterials(

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*a% +agram1a Jr" 6"2008-00#

Title ,: Crimes Committed b% ublic 4fficers

Art" 20$: ?noingl% *endering n


43/302

4no&ingly rendering an una? the o''ender is a b? he renders a

"? the


44/302

*a% +agram1a Jr" 6"2008-00#

=uitton v" =illanueva (A"'" +o" 'TJ-/2-$3

Facts:

his is a "o#plaint 'iled by 8ouis $uitton, (A(, represented by "ounsel,

Huasha Asperilla An"heta Pe:a and olas"o 8a& O''i"e, against Judge

Eran"is"o ia% $illanueva o' the Metropolitan rial !ourt o' Hue%on !ity, Bran"h

3G, on the ground that the latter 4no&ingly rendered a #ani'estly un


45/302

Any


46/302

*a% +agram1a Jr" 6"

2008-00#

6uenavista v" )arcia (A"'" +o" *TJ-88-2$

Facts6

n January 19C7, Buenavista 'iled t&o "o#plaints 'or rape in the Muni"ipal

rial !ourt o' Aborlan Pala&an , against a#uel M( 8edes#a o' having raped

ail Buenavista, the 11;year;old daughter o' the "o#plainant( A no bail &as

re"o##ended but the


47/302

deter#ine &hether the Art( 33, Par( 3, +evised

Penal !ode? or that he did not 4no& that as the vi"ti#s "onsent in statutory rape

is invalid, it is not a de'ense >People vs( on%ales, C !+A 2G5 People vs(

!eli", 137 !+A 1GG?( Being in"o#petent to give valid "onsent to the rape

"o##itted against her, her "onsent to the dis#issal o' the original "harge against

her rapist is li4e&ise invalid(

Judge ar"ias allegation that @a#ple a#ount@ had been paid by the

a""used to the "o#plainant to settle the "ase @during a sort o' a "on'eren"e

bet&een the parties in the chambers of the presiding judge@ >#phasis supplied5

p( 13, +ollo? &hile evidently intended to i#pugn the #otives o' the "o#plainant in

prose"uting the rapist and 4idnapper o' his daughter has only su""eeded in

revealing Judge ar"ias i#proper and i##oral intervention in bro4ering a

"o#pro#ise o' the "ri#inal "ases against 8edes#a( t is an ad#ission that he is

either ignorant o' the rule that "ri#inal "ases are not allo&ed by la& to be"o#pro#ised, and that an o''er o' "o#pro#ise by the a""used is an i#plied

ad#ission o' guilt >e"( 2F, +ule 130, +ules o' !ourt?, or that he does not 4no&

that his parti"ipation in su"h a transa"tion is unbe"o#ing o' a Anne= B;2, p( 17, +ollo?(

Eor all the 'oregoing, &e 'ind respondent Judge Mar"elo ( ar"ia guilty

o' serious #is"ondu"t, gross ignoran"e o' the la&, and 4no&ingly rendering an

47| a g e


48/302

un


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Facts:

his is an ad#inistrative "ase initiated by the s&orn a''idavit;"o#plaint o'

8u"ia E( 8ayola, dated 12 August 1997, "harging Presiding Judge Basilio +(

abo, Jr( o' Bran"h 11 o' the +egional rial !ourt in Malolos, Bula"an, &ith aviolation o' e"tion 3 >e?, +(A( 3019, 'or issuing an unO!A? 'or appropriate a"tion(

+espondent Judge Basilio +( abo, Jr( stands "harged &ith a violation o'

e"tion 3 >e?, +(A( 3019, 'or issuing an un


50/302

4no&ingly renders unAnti;ra't

and !orrupt Pra"ti"es A"t? and issuan"e o' an un


51/302

)o&ever, the upre#e !ourt 'ound Judge Basilio +( abo, Jr( guilty o'

gross ignoran"e o' the la&(

Justiniano @ui7a

2008-02/0

Art" 2##: .ndirect 6riber%

Formille7a v" !andiganba%an ()"*" +o" #$/#2

Facts:

Petitioner &as the personnel supervisor o' the ational rrigation

Ad#inistration >A? in a"loban !ity( )er duties in"lude pro"essing o'

appoint#ent papers o' e#ployees( he &as "harged 'or her alleged re'usal to

attend to the appoint#ent papers o' a "ertain Mrs( Mutia, a "oter#inous

e#ployee( Mrs( Mutia testi'ied that petitioner as4ed 'ro# her so#e #oney as a"onsideration(

Atte#pts to entrap petitioner then ensued( Petitioner and Mrs( Mutia

supposedly agreed to #eet at the "anteen( o#e o' their o''i"e#ates N Mrs(

01| a g e


52/302

evilla and a "ertain Mrs( i#aano N


53/302

standing up &hen the P! agents apprehended her( here &as no pi"ture

sho&ing petitioner to be seated &hi"h should be her position i##ediately a'ter

the #oney &as handed to her under the table( one o' the photographs sho& the

petitioner in the pro"ess o' appropriating or 4eeping the #oney a'ter it &as

handed to her(

Ale>ander !antos

200-020

Art" 2#2: Corru1tion of ublic 4fficials

Chua vs" +uestro (A"'" +o" -88-2

Facts:

!o#plainant +ina $( !hua 'iled an ad#inistrative "harge against the

respondent 'or allegedly delaying the en'or"e#ent o' the &rit o' e=e"ution in her

'avor a'ter de#anding and getting 'ro# her the su# o' P1,00(00( As4ed to

"o##ent thereon, the respondent denied the "harge( he "ase &as re'erred 'or

investigation, report and re"o##endation to Judge Pardo o' the +egional rial

!ourt o' Manila &ho, a'ter hearing, 'ound duly substantiated that to i##ediatelyen'or"e a &rit o' e=e"ution, "o#plainant agreed to give P1,000(00 to the

respondent, an additional a#ount o' P00(00, but a'ter the &hi"h the &rit &as still

not en'or"ed 'or the losing party, against &ho# the &rit &as to be e=e"uted,

sho&ed an o''i"ial +e"eipt o' pay#ent o' the supersedeas bond(

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54/302

.ssue:

-hether or not "o#plainantsD a"tion "onstitute "orruption o' a publi"

o''i"ial.

&ecision:

/es, the "ourt agreeing &ith the trial "ourt adopts the re"o##endation that

appropriate dire"tive be issued to the !ity Prose"utor o' Manila a'ter preli#inary

investigation to "harge "o#plainant +ina !hua and Atty( $i"toriano +( /abut, Jr(

&ith "orruption o' publi" o''i"ial under Arti"le 212 o' the +evised Penal !ode(

*enato !egubiense200-00$0

Art" 2#,: 'alversation of ublic Funds or ro1ert%

&avalos v" eo1le ()"*" +o" #$22/

Facts:

On January 1F, 19CC, petitioner avalos, as supply o''i"er o' the O''i"e o'

the Provin"ial ngineer o' Marindu*ue, re"eived 'ro# the provin"ial "ashier a

"ash advan"e o' P1C,000(00 "overed by Philippine ational Ban4 >PB? !he"4

o( ;1C9C33; 'or the pro"ure#ent o' &or4ing tools 'or a "ertain @A8O@

pro


55/302

&herein petitioner &as 'ound to have an unsettled "ash advan"e in the a#ount o'

P1C,000(00(

Petitioner ad#itted re"eiving the P1C,000(00 "ash advan"e intended to

pur"hase &or4ing tools 'or the @A8O@ proPO? 'or the said tools &ere already approved by the provin"ial

treasurer and the provin"ial auditor, the ne& ad#inistration de"ided to s"rap the

proposed transa"tion( A""ording to petitioner, 'ollo&ing the assu#ption to o''i"e

o' overnor 8uisito +eyes, his o''i"e 'iles "ontaining the said PO and the

re*uisition paper &ere ta4en and his servi"es ter#inated per overnor +eyes

Me#orandu# o( CC;G3 dated ove#ber 23, 19CC( aid #e#orandu# also

stated that @should you apply 'or the "o##utationpay#ent o' your unused

leaveva"ation and si"4"redits, the sa#e #ay be approved provided it is 'irst

applied"harged to your unli*uidated "ash advan"e o' P1C,000(00(@

Pressing the point, petitioner stated that he then applied 'or his ter#inal leave

and other bene'its through the 'ollo&ing su##ary o' vou"hers &hi"h he

personally prepared, but &ere then disapproved(

espite his belie' that he &as then no longer obligated to li*uidate his

P1C,000(00 "ash advan"e, petitioner nonetheless settled his a""ount( Petitioner

brushed aside the "harge o' #alversation and de"lared that he had already been

relieved o' his a""ountabilities by the !o##ission on Audit( )e, ho&ever,

ad#itted re"eiving 'ro# the provin"ial treasurer the t&o de#and letters earlier

adverted to dated May , 19CC and May 2G, 19CC re*uiring hi# to sub#it his

li*uidation o' the P1C,000(00 "ash advan"e on the dates respe"tively indi"ated

therein(

On June 30, 2000, the andiganbayan rendered its de"ision, 'inding

petitioner guilty beyond reasonable doubt o' the "ri#e o' #alversation o' publi"

'unds and senten"ing hi# a""ordingly(

.ssue:

-hether or not the alleged a"ts o' the petitioner "onstitute the "ri#e

"harge.

&ecision:

he ele#ents essential 'or the "onvi"tion o' an a""used under the above

penal provision are5 that the o''ender is a publi" o''i"er5 that he has the "ustody

or "ontrol o' 'unds or property by reason o' the duties o' his o''i"e5 that the 'unds

or property are publi" 'unds or property 'or &hi"h he is a""ountable5 and that he

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appropriated, too4, #isappropriated or "onsented or through abandon#ent or

negligen"e, per#itted another person to ta4e the#(

he upre#e "ourt ruled that there "an hardly be no dispute about the

presen"e o' the 'irst three ele#ents( Petitioner is a publi" o''i"er o""upying theposition o' a supply o''i"er at the O''i"e o' the Provin"ial ngineer o' Marindu*ue(

n that "apa"ity, he re"eives #oney or property belonging to the provin"ial

govern#ent 'or &hi"h he is bound to a""ount(

n the "ri#e o' #alversation, all that is ne"essary 'or "onvi"tion is

su''i"ient proo' that the a""ountable o''i"er had re"eived publi" 'unds, that he did

not have the# in his possession &hen de#and there'ore &as #ade, and that he

"ould not satis'a"torily e=plain his 'ailure to do so( ire"t eviden"e o' personal#isappropriation by the a""used is hardly ne"essary as long as the a""used

"annot e=plain satis'a"torily the shortage in his a""ounts(

he 'ailure o' a publi" o''i"er to have duly 'orth"o#ing any publi" 'unds or

property &ith &hi"h he is "hargeable, upon de#and by any duly authori%ed

o''i"er, isprima facieeviden"e that he has put su"h #issing 'und or property to

personal uses( -hen the absen"e o' 'unds is not due to the personal use thereo'

by the a""used, the presu#ption is "o#pletely destroyed5 in 'a"t, the

presu#ption is never dee#ed to have e=isted at all( he petitioner 'ailed to

over"o#e thisprima facieeviden"e o' guilt(

Petitioner does not at all dispute the 'a"t that he did re"eive a "ash

advan"e( )e also ad#itted re"eiving the de#and letters o' the provin"ial

treasurer 'or hi# to sub#it a li*uidation o' the "ash advan"e on t&o o""asions,

&hi"h he 'ailed to do( )e harps on Me#orandu# o( CC;G3 issued by then

Marindu*ue overnor +eyes that he "an o''set his unli*uidated "ash advan"e o'

'ro# the "o##utation o' his unused va"ation and si"4 leave "redits to


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on January 27, 199, that is, a'ter al#ost seven >7? years 'ro# the last de#and(

he return o' the said a#ount "annot be "onsidered a #itigating "ir"u#stan"e

analogous to voluntary surrender "onsidering that it too4 petitioner al#ost seven

>7? years to return the a#ount(

n #alversation o' publi" 'unds, pay#ent, inde#ni'i"ation, or

rei#burse#ent o' 'unds #isappropriated, a'ter the "o##ission o' the "ri#e, does

not e=tinguish the "ri#inal liability o' the o''ender &hi"h, at #ost, "an #erely

a''e"t the a""useds "ivil liability thereunder and be "onsidered a #itigating

"ir"u#stan"e being analogous to voluntary surrender(

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eo1le v" % ()"*" +o" #,3//

Facts:

he a""used in this "ase a""used y at the ti#e stated in the in'or#ation

&as a reasurer at the P!5 a""used rnesto a#us &as at the ti#e #entioned

in the in'or#ation &as the Manager o' 8oan Manage#ent and Eoreign ="hange

ivision >8OMAE?5 Jai#e O"hoa &as the enior Einan"ial Analyst,

8OMAE, at the ti#e #entioned in the in'or#ation5 a#us does not have any

"ustody to publi" 'unds5 O"hoaDs position as r( Einan"ial Analyst did not re*uire

hi# to ta4e "ustody or "ontrol o' publi" 'unds(

n July o' 1990, the ational Po&er !orporation >P!L? be"a#e

e#broiled in a "ontroversy involving the disappearan"e o' P1C3,C0,291(2 o' its

'unds &hi"h &ere originally on deposit &ith the Philippine ational Ban4, P!

Bran"h >PBL? but &ere subse*uently used to pur"hase t&o >2?

#anagersD"ashierDs "he"4s >the 'irst "he"4 &as in the a#ount o' P70,000,000(00

&hile the se"ond &as 'or P113,C0,291(2? in order to "o#ply &ith its loan

obligations to the Asian evelop#ent Ban4 >ABL?( As P!Ds debt in 'avor o'

AB &as in yen, P! &as obligated to 'ollo& an intri"ate and "ir"uitouspro"edure o' buying dollars 'ro# a lo"al ban4 >in this "ase, nited !o"onut

Planters Ban4 or !PB (M( Iala& Bran"h?, &hi"h lo"al ban4 &as supposed to

re#it the dollars to an o'';shore ban4( his o'';shore ban4 >in this "ase, the

!redit 8yonnais, e& /or4? &as then supposed to re#it the yen e*uivalent o' the

dollars to a third ban4 >in this "ase, the Ban4 o' Japan, o4yo Bran"h? &hi"h

&ould then "redit the 'unds to the a""ount o' the AB( he "ontra"ts o' P! &ith

the "on"erned ban4s >e#bodied in three 3 Pay#ent nstru"tionsL? in"luded a

value dateL >&hi"h &as July 13, 1990?, the #ere arrival o' &hi"h &ould trigger

the above;#entioned pro"edure, "ul#inating in the pay#ent to AB o' the P!

obligation in the 'oreign "urren"y agreed upon(

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59/302

On value date, per routing pro"edure, !redit 8yonnais >the se"ond ban4?

re#itted Japanese /en 1,1F3,31G,130(00 to the Ban4 o' Japan, o4yo Bran"h(

8i4e&ise, per routing pro"edure, !PB (M( Iala& Bran"h &as supposed to

have re#itted on said value date the a#ount o' 7,7F0,799(C0( !PB (M(

Iala&, ho&ever, despite the 'a"t that the PB had already issued t&o >2?

#anagerDs"ashierDs "he"4s 'or su"h purpose, did not #a4e the agreed

re#ittan"e to !redit 8yonnais, so !redit 8yonnais re"eived no pay#ent 'or the

'unds it had re#itted to the Ban4 o' Japan, o4yo( Both the tate and the

a""used have o''ered e=planations 'or the 'ailure o' !PB, (M( Iala& Bran"h to

re#it the dollar e*uivalent o' P1C3,C0,291(2 to !redit 8yonnais( Both

e=planations, naturally, &ere dia#etri"ally opposed(

he a""used allegedly diverted the 'unds "overed by the t&o PB

ManagerDs "he"4s by 'alsi'ying a "o##er"ial do"u#ent "alled an Appli"ation 'or

!ashierDs !he"4L >A!!? by inserting an a""ount nu#ber >A! Q111;1212;0F? o' a

private individual a'ter the na#e o' the payee, !PB, (M( Iala& Bran"h( t

"lai#s that P! did not authori%e the insertion "onsidering that the Pay#ent

nstru"tion >P? issued by P! instru"ting PB to prepare a ManagerDs "he"4 to

be "harged to P!Ds savings a""ount did not "ontain any a""ount nu#ber(

hrough the insertion, the a""used allegedly su""eeded in diverting the 'unds

'ro# the !PB, (M( Iala& Bran"h in 'avor o' +aul utierre%, +aul i"olas,

eorge A:onuevo and Mara A:onuevo(

On May 2C, 2002, the andiganbayan rendered its e"ision, 'inding the

a""used Jai#e B( O"hoa guilty o' the "ri#e o' #alversation o' publi" 'unds thru

'alsi'i"ation o' "o##er"ial do"u#ents( On the ground o' reasonable doubt

a""used Jose ing 8an y, &as a"*uitted( An alias &arrant o' arrest &as issued

against +aul utierre%(

.ssue:

-hether or not the herein a""used is guilty o' Malversation o' Publi"

Eunds thru Ealsi'i"ation o' !o##er"ial o"u#ents.

&ecision:

he upre#e !ourt ruled that to be 'ound guilty o' #alversation, the

prose"ution #ust prove the the o''ender is a publi" o''i"er5 that he has the"ustody or "ontrol o' 'unds or property by reason o' the duties o' his o''i"e5 that

the 'unds or property involved are publi" 'unds or property 'or &hi"h he is

a""ountable5 and that he has appropriated, ta4en or #isappropriated, or has

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60/302

"onsented to, or through abandon#ent or negligen"e, per#itted the ta4ing by

another person o', su"h 'unds or property(he upre#e !ourt 'urther ruled that Malversation #ay be "o##itted

either through a positive a"t o' #isappropriation o' publi" 'unds or property or

passively through negligen"e by allo&ing another to "o##it su"h

#isappropriation( o sustain a "harge o' #alversation, there #ust either be

"ri#inal intent or"ri#inal negligen"e and &hile the prevailing 'a"ts o' a "ase #ay

not sho& that de"eit attended the "o##ission o' the o''ense, it &ill not pre"lude

the re"eption o' eviden"e to prove the e=isten"e o' negligen"e be"ause both are

e*ually punishable in Arti"le 217 o' the +evised Penal !ode(

More pointedly, the 'elony involves brea"h o' publi" trust, and &hether it is

"o##itted through de"eit or negligen"e, the la& #a4es it punishable and

pres"ribes a uni'or# penalty there'or( ven &hen the in'or#ation "harges &ill'ul

#alversation, "onvi"tion 'or #alversation through negligen"e #ay still be

ad


61/302


Chan v" !andiganba%an (( +( o( 1F9G13?

Facts6

n ove#ber 19C9, petitioner &as hired as A""ounting !ler4 and

assigned at the +egional O''i"e o' the ational Bureau o' nvestigation >B? in

!ebu !ity, dis"harging the 'un"tion o' !ashier or !olle"tion O''i"er( Petitioner

&ent on leave 'ro# e"e#ber 7 to 27, 199( On e"e#ber 27, 199 Josephine

a"lan, the auditor 'ro# the !o##ission on Audit >!OA? assigned to the B,

"ondu"ted a routine audit e=a#ination o' the a""ountability o' petitioner(

Petitioner being then on leave, the audit &as "ondu"ted upon el%a Bas >Bas?

&ho &as o''i"ially designated by the +egional ire"tor to a"t as !olle"tion O''i"er

during her absen"e( he auditor 'ound that all "olle"tions 'or the period beginning

e"e#ber 7, 199 up to the date o' the audit, e"e#ber 27, 199, &ere

a""ounted 'or, as re'le"ted in her !ash +eport dated e"e#ber 27, 199 signed

by Bas(

On January 2F, 199G, the sa#e auditor "ondu"ted another audit

e=a#ination( in"e petitioner had already reported 'or &or4, the audit "overed

the period beginning June 1, 199( he auditor 'ound a shortage o'

P290,22C(00 in petitioners "ash a""ountability &hi"h &as re'le"ted in her !ash

+eport dated January 2F, 199G on &hi"h petitioner a''i=ed her signature( he

auditor thus issued a de#and letter to petitioner to restitute the #issing 'unds

and e=plain the shortage(

he !OA +egion $ thus 'iled a "o#plaint against petitioner 'or

Malversation o' Publi" Eunds in the a#ount o' 333,30(00&ith the O''i"e o' the

eputy O#buds#an >$isayas? on April 10, 199G( he said o''i"e 'ound probable

"ause against petitioner and re"o##ended the 'iling o' the "orresponding

in'or#ation against her(

Petitioner &as thus indi"ted be'ore the +egional rial !ourt o' !ebu !ity

'or Malversation o' Publi" Eunds(

.ssue:

-hether or not the petitioner herein is guilty o' the "ri#e o' Malversation

o' Publi" Eunds.

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62/302

&ecision:

he upre#e !ourt ruled that the petition la"4s #erit and guilty o' te "ri#e

"harge( n a''ir#ing the "ourts belo& the upre#e !ourt pointed out the 'ollo&ing

reasons, that the 'a"t that Bas &as given o''i"ial designation during all the ti#esthat she a"ted as "olle"tion o''i"er, petitioners liability is not, by that 'a"t alone,

#itigated( Petitioner "ould still be held liable 'or the a#ount unre#itted by Bas i'

it "an be sho&n that the latter &as under her supervision( he *uestioned

a#ount on ti#e be"ause it is in"u#bent upon hi# to e=er"ise the stri"test

supervision on the person he designated, other&ise, he &ould su''er the

"onse*uen"es o' the a"ts o' his designated e#ployee through negligen"e( n

short, by 'ailing to e=er"ise stri"t supervision he "ould be liable 'or #alversation

through negligen"e( he auditor thus "o##itted no error &hen she "harged to

petitioners a""ount the shortage in the "olle"tions a"tually done by Bas( he

'ailure o' a publi" o''i"er to have duly 'orth"o#ing any publi" 'unds or property

&ith &hi"h he is "hargeable, upon de#and by any duly authori%ed o''i"er, shall

be prima facieeviden"e that he has put su"h #issing 'unds or property to

personal use( he petitioner not only did o#it to report the shortages o' Bas to

the proper authority upon her dis"overy thereo'5 she even pra"ti"ally ad#itted to

having assisted Bas in "overing up su"h shortages( Petitioner did not only lend

Bas those a#ounts given on ove#ber 7, 9, and 1, 199( he ad#ittedly

e=tended alesto her and to others, also out o' publi" 'unds(

he grant o' loans through the @vale@ syste# is a "lear "ase o' an

a""ountable o''i"er "onsenting to the i#proper or unauthori%ed use o' publi"

'unds by other persons, &hi"h is punishable by the la&( o tolerate su"h pra"ti"e

is to give a li"ense to every disbursing o''i"er to "ondu"t a lending operation &ith

the use o' publi" 'unds( he upre#e !ourt 'urther ruled that the allegeda"*uies"en"e o' petitioners superior, even i' true, is not a valid de'ense( he 'a"t

that petitioner did not personally use the #issing 'unds is not a valid de'ense and

&ill not e="ulpate hi# 'ro# his "ri#inal liability(

'iguel aolo !oliman

20#0-020$

Art" 220: .llegal se of ublic Funds or ro1ert%

Tetangco v" 4mbudsman ()"*" +o" #$2,

2| a g e


63/302

Facts:

Petitioner 'iled a "o#plaint against respondent, alleging the latter gave

Php 3,000 "ash 'inan"ial assistan"e to the "hair#an and Php 1,000 to ea"htanod in a "ertain barangay( -hen it &as not


64/302

te"hni"al #alversation to e=ist, it is ne"essary that publi" 'unds or properties had

been diverted to any publi" use other than that provided 'or by la& or ordinan"e(

o "onstitute the "ri#e, there #ust be a diversion o' the 'unds 'ro# the purpose

'or &hi"h they had been originally appropriated by la& or ordinan"e( Patently, the

third ele#ent is not present in this "ase(

'iguel aolo !oliman

20#0-020$

Abdulla v" eo1le ()"*" +o" #0#2/

Facts:

!onvi"ted by the andiganbayan in its !ri#( !ase o( 232G1 o' the "ri#e

o' illegal use o' publi" 'unds de'ined and penali%ed under Arti"le 220 o' the

+evised Penal !ode, or #ore "o##only 4no&n as te"hni"al #alversation,

appellant or#a A( Abdulla is no& be'ore this !ourt on petition 'or revie& under

+ule F(

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65/302

Along &ith enita Aguil and Mah#ud ar4is, appellant &as "harged under

an n'or#ation, both publi" o''i"ers, being then the President and "ashier,

respe"tively, o' the ulu tate !ollege, and as su"h by reason o' their positions

and duties are a""ountable 'or publi" 'unds under their ad#inistration, &hile in

the per'or#an"e o' their 'un"tions, "onspiring and "on'ederating &ith ar4is, also

a publi" o''i"er, being then the Ad#inistrative O''i"er $ o' the said s"hool, did

then and there &ill'ully, unla&'ully and 'eloniously, &ithout la&'ul authority, apply

'or the pay#ent o' &ages o' "asuals, the a#ount o' Php F0,000, &hi"h a#ount

&as appropriated 'or the pay#ent o' the salary di''erentials o' se"ondary s"hool

tea"hers o' the said s"hool, to the da#age and pre


66/302

he !ourt notes that there is no parti"ular appropriation 'or salary

di''erentials o' se"ondary s"hool tea"hers o' the ulu tate !ollege in +A GGCC(

he third ele#ent o' the "ri#e o' te"hni"al #alversation &hi"h re*uires that the

publi" 'und used should have been appropriated by la& is there'ore absent( he

authori%ation given by the epart#ent o' Budget and Manage#ent 'or the use o'

the Php F0,000(00 allot#ent 'or pay#ent o' salary di''erentials o' 3F se"ondary

s"hool tea"hers is not an ordinan"e or la& "onte#plated in Arti"le 220 o' the

+evised Penal !ode(

Appellant herein, &ho used the re#ainder o' the Php F0,000 released by

the BM 'or salary di''erentials, 'or the pay#ent o' the ter#inal leave bene'its o'

other s"hool tea"hers o' the ulu tate !ollege, "annot be held guilty o' te"hni"al

#alversation in the absen"e, as here, o' any provision in +A GGCC spe"i'i"ally

appropriating said a#ount 'or pay#ent o' salary di''erentials only( n 'ine, the

third and 'ourth ele#ents o' the "ri#e de'ined in Arti"le 220 o' the +evised Penal

!ode are la"4ing in this "ase(

'iguel aolo !oliman

20#0-020$

arungao v" !andiganba%an ()"*" +o" /02

Facts:

Petitioner &as "harged &ith #alversation o' publi" 'unds allegedly

"o##itted by hi# as a #uni"ipal treasurer( A'ter hearing, the andiganbayan

a"*uitted hi# o' #alversation o' publi" 'unds but "onvi"ted hi# instead o' illegal

use o' publi" 'unds(

.ssue:

-hether or not petitioner "an be "onvi"ted o' illegal use o' publi" 'unds.

&ecision:

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67/302

he 19C7 !onstitution #andates that the a""used, in all "ri#inal

prose"utions, shall en


68/302

8a"sa#anas testi#ony sho&s that the !+B 'und is a general 'und, and

the utili%ation o' this 'und spe"i'i"ally 'or the "on"reting o' the Barangay Jalung

+oad &as #erely an internal arrange#ent bet&een the epart#ent o' Publi"

-or4s and )igh&ays and the barangay "aptain and &as not parti"ularly provided

'or by la& or ordinan"e( here is no dispute that the #oney &as spent 'or a

publi" purposeNpay#ent o' the &ages o' laborers &or4ing on various pro


69/302

the a""used "lai#s, &as able to get dressed and ran outside the house to avoid

his &rath(

evertheless, he &as still 'ound guilty by the +! o' parri"ide(

.ssue:

hould duardo be granted the e="eptional "ir"u#stan"e under Art( 2F7

o' the +P!.

&ecision:

n order to appre"iate Art( 2F7 o' the +P!, the a""used #ust be able to

prove that6 1? heshe "at"hes the other spouse by surprise having se= &ith a

lover5 2? as a result o' the rage, the a""used 4ills or in'li"ts physi"al in


70/302

5ddie Tamondong200/-0#,8

eo1le v" Amamong1ong

Facts:

A#a#o#pong &as "harged &ith ho#i"ide 'or the 4illing o' PO1 Elores in

their house( he a""used "ontends that not only &as the 4illing done under

e="eptional "ir"u#stan"es >Art( 2F7 o' the +P!?, but that he &as also


71/302

&ecision:

o( ot only is the a""usedD version o' the events not "redible, but the 'a"t

that the a""used "lai#s BO) Art 11 and 2F7 o' the +P! is "ontradi"tory in

itsel'( One "annot "lai# that rage &as brought upon &hen an a""used sees his

&i'e engaged in se=ual inter"ourse &illingly &ith a lover, and at sa#e ti#e "lai#

that his a"ts &ere to de'end the honor o' his &i'e(

Add to this the testi#ony o' the prose"ution &itness that he sa& the

a""used stri4e the vi"ti# &ith a s"ythe on the 'irst 'loor, as &ell as the 'orensi"

eviden"e pointing to the 'a"t that the body o' the vi"ti# "ould have been


72/302

200/-0#,8

eo1le v" 4%anib

Facts:

Mi"hael Oyanib &as "harged &ith parri"ide and ho#i"ide 'or the 4illing o'

his &i'e and her lover at Mi"haelDs &i'eDs residen"e(

he 'ollo&ing 'a"ts have been established6

hat Mi"hael and his &i'e ita started living separately a year earlier(

Mi"hael tried to &in ba"4 ita but the latter &as openly 'launting his ne& lover

Jesus s*uirdo(

n one o""asion, Mi"heal and Jesus al#ost "a#e to blo&s &hen Mi"hael

sa& his &i'e and Jesus in a loving e#bra"e at the pla%a( A'ter this in"ident, Jesus

and ita &ere heard threatening Mi"hael that they &ould 4ill hi# the ne=t ti#e

they see ea"h other(

A day be'ore the 4illings, One o' Mi"hael and itaDs "hildren &as as4ed by

the s"hool to "all her parents 'or a #eeting( But be"ause Mi"hael &as

indisposed, he &ent to his &i'eDs residen"e the ne=t day to as4 her i' she "ould

"o#e( But be"ause o' the threats o' Jesus and his &i'e in the previous in"ident,

he brought &ith hi# a hunting 4ni'e(

n'ortunately, &hen the a""used arrived at itaDs house, he sa& ita and

Jesus having se=( Jesus laun"hed at Mi"hael but he >Mi4e? &as able to dra& his

4ni'e and stab Jesus( ita, #ean&hile got a hold o' a li*uor bottle &hereby she

atta"4ed Mi"hael( And so, Mi"hael also stabbed ita(

But the +! still 'ound Mi4e guilty(

.ssue

hould the e=e#pting "ir"u#stan"e under Art( 2F7 be applied under the

"ir"u#stan"es.

&ecision:

n order 'or Art( 2F7 to apply, the a""used or the de'ense #ust be able to

sho& the 'ollo&ing ele#ents6 1? heshe "at"hes the other spouse by surprisehaving se= &ith a lover5 2? as a result o' the rage, the a""used 4ills or in'li"ts

physi"al in


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run a&ay( -hen they &ere not able to "at"h up &ith hi#, +u'ino boarded and

drove the tru"4 par4ed near the bas4etball "ourt and "ontinued "hasing Joseph

until the tru"4 ran over the latter, &hi"h "aused his instantaneous death(

Appre"iating the *uali'ying "ir"u#stan"e o' use o' #otor vehi"le, it"onvi"ted +u'ino o' #urder(

.ssue6

-hether or not the use o' a #otor vehi"le is a *uali'ying "ir"u#stan"e 'or

the "ri#e o' #urder.

&ecision:

he eviden"e sho&s that +u'ino deliberately used his tru"4 in pursuingJoseph( pon "at"hing up &ith hi#, +u'ino hit hi# &ith the tru"4, as a result o'

&hi"h Joseph died instantly( t is there'ore "lear that the tru"4 &as the #eans

used by +u'ino to perpetrate the 4illing o' Joseph(

he "ase o' -eople . 3u9o2 "ited by +u'ino 'inds no appli"ation to the

present "ase( n the said "ase, the poli"e patrol


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'ar9 =ergara2008-0323

eo1le vs )on7ales ()"*" +o" #3/$2

Facts6

oel Andres overtoo4 the "ar driven o' the a""used and "ut "ross his path(

oel Andres alighted 'ro# his vehi"le and "on'ronted no"en"io( oel later on

also had an argu#ent &ith ino on%ale%, the son o' the a""used( no"en"io

seeing his son having "on'rontation &ith oel, got his gun to prote"t

ino( A""used 'ired on oel Andres but instead hit and "aused the 'atal in


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Andres and 'or t&o "ounts o' 'rustrated #urder 'or the in


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'ar9 =ergara2008-0323

eo1le vs Avecilla ()"*" +o" ##,033

Facts:

A""used;appellant arrived at the bas4etball "ourt lo"ated on apo treet,

Panda"an, Manila, and 'or no apparent reason, suddenly 'ired a gun in the air(

Eour #eters 'ro# the bas4etball "ourt, on a nearby alley, he initiated an

argu#ent &ith the group o' Boy Manalaysay, Ji##y olentino and Ma"ario

A'able( A'able tried to pa"i'y a""used;appellant, &hereupon, the latter pla"ed his

le't ar# around A'ables ne"4 and shot hi# pointblan4 on the abdo#en( A'able

ran to&ard the alley and a""used;appellant ran a'ter hi#( Another shot rang out,

so one o' the bystanders, !arlos aganas, &ent to the alley and there, he sa&

a""used;appellant and A'able grappling 'or possession o' the gun( he !hie'Barangay anod arrived and &as able to &rest the gun a&ay 'ro# a""used;

appellant, &ho i##ediately 'led 'ro# the s"ene o' the in"ident( A'able died

a'ter&ards a'ter being rushed to the Philippine eneral )ospital(

+egional rial !ourt o' Manila, rendered


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+epubli" A"t o( C29F, &hi"h too4 e''e"t on July G, 199F( he pertinent

provision o' the said la& provides6

!O 1( :nlawful 3anufacture, 4ale, Acquisition, #isposition or

-ossession of ;irearms or Ammunition or Instruments :sed or Intended to be

:sed in the 3anufacture of ;irearms or Ammunition.R he penalty o'

prision

correccional

in its #a=i#u# period and a 'ine o' not less than Ei'teen thousand

pesos >P1,000(00? shall be i#posed upon any person &ho shall unla&'ully

#anu'a"ture, deal in, a"*uire, dispose, or possess any lo& po&ered 'irear#,

su"h as ri#'ire handgun, (3C0 or (32 and other 'irear# o' si#ilar 'irepo&er, part o'

'irear#, a##unition, or #a"hinery, tool or instru#ent used or intended to be

used in the #anu'a"ture o' any 'irear# or a##unition6 -roided

, that no other

"ri#e &as "o##itted(

' ho#i"ide or #urder is "o##itted &ith the use o' an unli"ensed 'irear#,

su"h use o' an unli"ensed 'irear# su"h use o' an unli"ensed 'irear# shall be

"onsidered as an aggravating "ir"u#stan"e(

t is "lear 'ro# the 'oregoing that &here #urder or ho#i"ide results 'ro#

the use o' an unli"ensed 'irear#, the "ri#e is no longer *uali'ied illegal

possession, but #urder or ho#i"ide, as the "ase #ay be(

he "ri#e o' illegal possession o' 'irear#, in its si#ple 'or#, is "o##itted

only &here the unli"ensed 'irear# is not used to "o##it any o' the "ri#es o'

#urder, ho#i"ide, rebellion, insurre"tion, sedition or atte#pted coup d!etat

(

Other&ise, the use o' unli"ensed 'irear# &ould be treated either6 >1? as an

essential ingredient in the "ri#es o' rebellion, insurre"tion, sedition or

atte#pted coup d!etat5 or >2? as an aggravating "ir"u#stan"e in #urder or

ho#i"ide(

7-| a g e


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'ar9 =ergara2008-0323

Art" 2$/: omicide

+avarro vs Court of A11eals ()"*" +o" #2#08,

Facts:

Petitioner avarro and 8ingan had a heated alter"ation( As 8ingan &as

about to turn a&ay, petitioner avarro hit hi# &ith the handle o' his pistol above

the le't eyebro&( 8ingan 'ell on the 'loor, blood 'lo&ing do&n his 'a"e( )e tried to

get up, but petitioner avarro gave hi# a 'ist blo& on the 'orehead &hi"h 'loored

hi#(

!apt( !oronado, the station "o##ander, "alled petitioner avarro to his

o''i"e, &hile a poli"e#an too4 8ingan to the Hue%on Me#orial )ospital( he

station #anager o' -, Boy !asa:ada, arrived and, learning that 8ingan had

been ta4en to the hospital, pro"eeded there( But 8ingan died 'ro# his in


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'ar9 =ergara2008-0323

eo1le vs lle1 ()"*" +o" #32$,

Facts:

-apili, &ho appeared to have "o#pletely gone "ra%y, 4ept on running

&ithout any parti"ular dire"tion( 8eydan as4ed 'or poli"e assistan"e( PO1 lep

together &ith PO1 spadera and PO2 Pillo arrived at the s"ene on board

anAnfrapoli"e servi"e 3? poli"e o''i"ers, all ar#ed &ith M;1G

ri'les, alighted 'ro# the


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hal';hearted, i' not totally un&illing, to per'or# their assigned duties 'or 'ear that

they &ould su''er the sa#e 'ate as that o' a""used;appellant(

'ar9 =ergara2008-0323

eo1le vs Antonio ()"*" +o" #28/00

-2| a g e


83/302

Facts:

Arnul'o Arnie uadles su""u#bed instantaneously to a single gunshot &ound

right bet&een the eyes, in'li"ted &ith deadly pre"ision by the bullet o' a (9## "aliber

Beretta pistol o' appellant Antonio(

Prior to the shooting, appellant and the vi"ti# spent se

criminal casedigest i

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