crp training manual scsd final submission

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wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©

cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv

†PŠayix †gvt ZvBqye ZvRv¤§yj †cÖvMÖvg †KvAwW©‡bUi

‡mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb myB‡Wb-‡WbgvK©

2

mywPcÎ

welq c„ôv1. cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv cwiwPwZ 4 2. wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Y m~wP 7 3. Awa‡ekb 1 : cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v 9 5. Awa‡ekb 2 : gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi 11 6. Awa‡ekb 3 : AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I ØvwqZ¡evnK 20 7. Awa‡ekb 4 : AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v 25 8. Awa‡ekb 5 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY 33 9. Awa‡ekb 6 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ 42 10.Awa‡ekb 7 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ 49 11. Awa‡ekb 8 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© i¶vi g~jbwxZ 53 12. Awa‡ekb 9 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-1 58 13. Awa‡ekb 10 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-2 64 14. Awa‡ekb 11 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ 70 15. Awa‡ekb 12 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY 74 16. Awa‡ekb 13 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ j¶¨ wba©viY 77 17. Awa‡ekb 14 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ D‡Ïk¨ MVb 80 18. Awa‡ekb 15 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: : ev¯—evqb 83 19. Awa‡ekb 16 : wkï AwaKvi wfwËK ‡cÖvMÖvwgs: cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb 87 20. Awa‡ekb 17 : wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ e¨envi 93 21. Awa‡ekb 18: wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb 103

22. Awa‡ekb 19 : wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb 109

ms‡hvRbx 1 :¯−vBW 111 ms‡hvRbx 2 : n¨vÛAvDU 166

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wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Y

‡Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ ‡Kvm© mgvwß‡Z AskMÖnYKvixiv

AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v welqK ZË¡MZ w`K Abycy•L e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi ZË¡MZ I cÖv‡qvwMK Ávb, `¶Zv I †KŠkj we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi 5 g~jbxwZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw ’wZ we‡k−lY, Kg©m~wP cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kivi †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

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cÖwk¶Y mnvwqKv cwiwPwZ 1. Awa‡ekb mg~n

Awa‡ekb Awa‡ekb wk‡ivbvg Awa‡ekb-1 D‡Øvab, cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨ Awa‡ekb-2 gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi Awa‡ekb-3 AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I ØvwqZ¡evnK Awa‡ekb-4 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v Awa‡ekb-5 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY Awa‡ekb-6 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ Awa‡ekb-7 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ Awa‡ekb-8 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© i¶vi g~jbwxZ Awa‡ekb-9 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-1 Awa‡ekb-10 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-2 Awa‡ekb-11 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ Awa‡ekb-12 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY Awa‡ekb-13 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ j¶¨ wba©viY Awa‡ekb-14 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ D‡Ïk¨ MVb Awa‡ekb-15 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ev¯—evqb Awa‡ekb-16 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK ‡cÖvMÖvwgs: cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Awa‡ekb-17 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ e¨envi Awa‡ekb-18 wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb Awa‡ekb-19 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb

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2. †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i mvwe©K I mywbw ©ó D‡Ïk¨mg~n mnvwqKvwU‡Z Ifvi‡nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx/Dc ’vcb Dc‡hvMx ¯−vBW AvKv‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jvi d‡UvKwc K‡i mnvqKiv Ifvi‡nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx kxU ˆZwi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb A_ev gvwëwgwWqv cÖ k©bxi ¯−vBW wnmv‡e G¸‡jv eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| †hLv‡b Ifvi‡nW/ gvwëwgwWqv eënvi myweav †bB ev we y¨r myweav †bB, †mLv‡b mnvqKiv †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨mg~n wd¬c Pv‡U© wj‡L cÖwk¶Y Awa‡ek‡b cÖ k©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

3. cÖwk¶Y mgqm~wP

mnvwqKvwU‡Z 5 w`‡bi GB cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i mgqm~wP †`qv Av‡Q| GwU eënvi Dc‡hvMx g‡b n‡j d‡UvKwc K‡i AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv hv‡e| weKífv‡e, mnvqKiv mgqm~wP‡K cwieZ©b‡hvM¨/bgbxq ivL‡Z cv‡ib| †m‡¶‡Î Zviv cÖ —vweZ mgqm~wP cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡eb |

4. Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg

cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ekb GKwU wbR ^ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q ïi“ Kiv n‡q‡Q| d‡j mnvqKiv cÖ‡Z¨K mywbw`©ó Awa‡ekb wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5. Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨mg~n

cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨mg~n D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡Z mnvqKiv Awa‡ek‡bi ïi“‡Z Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨mg~n AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Rvbv‡Z cv‡ib| gZ wewbgq Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges cÖwk¶Y †k‡l Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨mg~n KZUzKz AR©b n‡jv Zv g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

6. cÖwk¶Y c×wZmg~n cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡b Kx Kx c×wZ eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e Zv ¯úófv‡e D‡j−L Kiv Av‡Q| G‡Z mnvqKiv Awa‡ekb cwiKíbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖ¯‘wZ wb‡Z mnvqZv cv‡e|

7. mgq

cÖ‡Z¨K Awa‡ek‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq †gvU mgq GLv‡b †`qv Av‡Q| GB mgqwU n‡”Q cÖ¯—vweZ Abykxjb¸‡jv m¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ AvbygvwbK mgq| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì msL¨v I Zv‡ì †hvM¨Zv Avi Av‡jvPbvi MfxiZvi Ici wfwË K‡i mgq Kg-‡ewk n‡Z cv‡i|

8. DcKiY

Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq DcKi‡Yi ZvwjKv †Ìqv Av‡Q hv‡Z mnvqKiv h_v_©fv‡e Awa‡ek‡bi DcKiY wbe©vPb Ki‡Z cv‡ib, ‡RvMvo Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡ib|

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9. mshy³ DcKiY mg~n

‡Kvb& Awa‡ek‡b †Kvb& Ifvi †nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx mxU, n¨vÛ AvDU, Abykxjb cÎ ev Ô‡KmÕ eënvi Kiv n‡e Zv _vK‡Q mnvwqKvi ¯−vBW I n¨vÛ AvDU As‡k| d‡UvKwc K‡i G¸‡jv AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ weZiY Kiv hv‡e|

10. cÖwμqv cÖwZwU av‡c eëüZ cÖwμqvmg~n myk„•Ljfv‡e †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Awa‡ekb Kvh©vejxi we¯—vwiZ weeiY Awa‡ekb cwiPvjbvq mnvqK‡K w`Kwb‡ ©kbv w`‡e|

11. mnvwqKv eënvi ‡KŠkj

cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i mdj ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ GB mnvwqKv eënviKvix‡ì‡K wbgœwjwLZ welq¸wj we‡ePbv Kivi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kiv n‡jv-

GKwU Awa‡ekb ïi“i Av‡M Awa‡ek‡bi KvVv‡gv Avi Av‡jvP¨ welq m¤ú‡K© hZ †ewk m¤¢e

‡R‡b ivLv mnvqK‡ì Rb¨ GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq| G‡Z Awa‡ek‡b Av‡jvwPZ wel‡qi Dci

AskMÖnYKvixiv Av¯’v cv‡e|

¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq n‡”Q †h, GKRb mnvqK‡K mgq eë¯’vcbvq `¶Zv _vK‡Z n‡e| †h mgq

D‡j−L ivLv n‡q‡Q Zv †KejB welq m~wPi we¯—vi Avi complexity- i Av‡jv‡K cÖ —vweZ|

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AskMÖn‡Yi gvÎv we‡ePbv K‡i mnvqK GKwU wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kivi mgq

evov‡Z ev Kgv‡Z cv‡i|

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Ávb, `¶Zvi gvÎv (Level) we‡ePbv Ges Zv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv Abymv‡i cÖwk¶Y c×wZ, Awa‡ek‡bi mgq mxgv Ges DcKiY cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡ib| cÖ‡qvR‡b bZzb D‡ÏkÏ hy³ Kiv hv‡e Avi G R‡b¨ bZzb DcKiY, c×wZi Ges AwZwi³ Awa‡ek‡bi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i|

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wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶Ym~wP

w`b I mgq

Awa‡ekb b¤^i welq

cÖ_g w`b 09:00 1 cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨ 09:30 Pv weiwZ 10:00 2 gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi 11:30 3 AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I ØvwqZ¡evnK 01:00 ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ 02:00 4 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v 03:30 Pv weiwZ 04:00 5 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY 05:00 cÖ_g w`‡bi mgvwß wØZxq w`b 09:00 Av‡Mi w`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv 09:30 6 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ˆelg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ 11:00 Pv weiwZ 11:30 7 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ 01:00 ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ 02:00 8 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: wkïi m‡ev©Ëg ¯^v_© i¶vi

g~jbwxZ 03:30 Pv weiwZ 04:00 9 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-1 05:00 wØZxq w`‡bi mgvwß Z„Zxq w`b 09:00 Av‡Mi w`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv 09:30 10 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ-2 11:00 Pv weiwZ 11:30 11 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ 01:00 ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ 02:00 12 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY 03:30 Pv weiwZ 04:00 13 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ j¶¨ wba©viY 05:00 Z…Zxq w`‡bi mgvwß

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w`b I mgq

Awa‡ekb b¤^i welq

PZz_© w`b 09:00 Av‡Mi w`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv 09:30 14 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv/ D‡Ïk¨ MVb 11:00 Pv weiwZ 11:30 15 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: : ev¯—evqb 01:00 ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ 02:00 16 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK ‡cÖvMÖvwgs: cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb 03:30 Pv weiwZ 04:00 17 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ e¨envi 05:00 PZz_© w`‡bi mgvwß cÂg w`b 09:00 Av‡Mi w`‡bi cybiv‡jvPbv 09:30 18 wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb 11:00 Pv weiwZ 11:30 19 ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb 01:00 ycy‡ii Lvevi weiwZ 02:00 A¨vKkb c−¨vb 03:30 Pv weiwZ Pv weiwZ 04:00 †Kvm© mgvwß Abyôvb

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Awa‡ekb 1

cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv - ci¯ú‡ii bvg cwiPq ej‡Z cvi‡eb - cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq t 30 wgwbU c×wZ t AvZ¥cwiPq Rvbv‡bv, RoZv f½ ‡Ljv, cÖ`k©b DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, ¯−vBW: cÖwk¶Y †Kv‡m©i D‡Ïk¨ cÖwμqv t 1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ: Rvbvb| Kykj wewbgq Ki“b| 2| ejyb †h, †Kv‡m©i ïi“‡Z Avgiv ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ cwiwPZ n‡ev| Avgiv hvi hvi cwiPq †`‡ev GKwU †Ljvi gva¨‡g| 3| ejyb †h, cÖ‡Z¨K wkïi GKwU bv‡gi AwaKvi Av‡Q| eo n‡q †mB ‡QvU‡ejvi bvg wb‡q Avgiv wb‡R‡ì cwiPq enb Kwi| 4| mevB‡K G iKgwU fve‡Z ejyb †h, GLv‡b hviv Dcw ’Z Av‡Qb Zv‡ì KvD‡K Avcwb wP‡bb bv| Avi GLb Avcwb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki GK GKwU bvg w`‡eb| ‡h bvg Lykx w`‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e †g‡q‡ì bvg †Q‡j‡ì bv‡gi †P‡q ‡h Avjv`v n‡q _v‡K Zv †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| Avi GK bvg GKvwaK KvD‡K w`‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Av‡iKwU kZ© n‡”Q bvg †Ìqvi mgq ÒA uv, Du Ó RvZxq Abvek¨K kã D”PviY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| bv †_‡g bvg e‡j †h‡Z n‡e Avi Kv‡K bvg w`‡jb Zv‡K Avs¸j w`‡q †`Lv‡Z n‡e| G m‡ei Avb¨_v n‡j AvDU n‡eb Ges Ab¨ GKRb bvg w`‡Z Avm‡eb| 5| bvg ‡Ìqvi wbqg Kvbyb Av‡iKevi fvj K‡i eywS‡q w`b| 6| ejyb †h, GKRb GKRb K‡i mvg‡b G‡m bvg †Ìqvi †LjvwU †Lj‡Z n‡e| mvg‡b G‡m cÖ_‡g wb‡Rihvi bvg, †Kv_vq †Kvb Awd‡m ‡Kvb c‡` KvR K‡ib Zv ej‡eb| Zvici ïi“ Ki‡eb bvg †Ìqvi †Ljv|

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7| Avcwb wb‡R †idvwi wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡eb Zv Rvwb‡q w`b| 8| cwiPq -ce© I †Ljv ïi“ Ki“b Ges h_v wbq‡g †kl Ki“b| 9| †Ljv †k‡l mevB‡K †Ljvq ‡hvM †Ìqvi Rb¨ abëv` Rvbvb| †LjvwU †Kgb †j‡M‡Q mevi KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wbb| 10| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv 5 w`‡bi GB wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ ‡R‡b wb‡ev| 11| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨Ó kxl©K ¯−vBWwU †`Lvb| GKRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K Avnevb Ki“b cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨ c‡o †kvbv‡Z|

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨mg~n ‡Kvm© mgvwß‡Z AskMÖnYKvixiv

AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v welqK ZË¡MZ w`K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi ZË¡MZ I cÖv‡qvwMK Ávb, `¶Zv I †KŠkj

we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi 5 g~jbxwZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw ’wZ

we‡k−lY, Kg©m~wP cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kivi †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

12| cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨mg~‡ni cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡q›U e¨vL¨v Ki“b| 13| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

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Awa‡ekb 2

gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv - ÒAwaKviÓ-Gi msÁv wba©viY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

- AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy) e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb: - gvbevwaKvi - K_vwU e¨vL¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| - mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv-i Aš—©MZ welq ej‡Z cvi‡eb| - ÒgvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— Avš—R©vwZK cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ I †NvlYvÓ

wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| - gvbevwaKv‡ii 4wU g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| - wkk‡ì Rb¨ c„_K AwaKvi mb` †NvlYvi KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| - wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì 5wU ¸”Q I 5wU g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU c×wZ t mn‡hvMx kã mÜvb, evR`j, aviYv cÖKvk,cÖ`k©b DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t

Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, †evW©, gvK©vi ; AwaKvi msÁv, AwaKvi wcivwgW, wfc KvW©, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv cÎ, ¯−vBW: gvbevwaKvi, ÒgvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— Avš—R©vwZK cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ I †NvlYvÓ, gvbevwaKv‡ii 4wU g~jbxwZ, B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae ivBUm; wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Kwc, ¯−vBW: 5¸”Q wkï AwaKvi, wkï AwaKv‡ii 5wU g~jbxwZ

cÖwμqv t 1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv AwaKvi I gvbevwaKvi m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev| 2| AwaKvi ej‡Z Avgiv Kx eywS? aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K DËi †R‡b wbb| e‡j w`b †h, DËi msw¶ß n‡e, GK`‡g GKev‡K¨ ej‡Z n‡e| 3| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ejv †kl n‡q †M‡j Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b K‡i ÔAwaKviÕ Gi msÁv e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

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AwaKvi gvby‡li †Kv‡bv Pvwn`v hLb †Kv‡bv mgvR, ivóª, cÖwZôvb, AvÂwjK ev Avš—R©vwZK msMVb ev †Kv‡bv ‡NvlYv, bxwZgvjv, AvBb, Pzw³, cÖwZkÖ“wZ Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z nq A_©vr hLb ‰eaZv jvf K‡i ZLb Zv‡K AwaKvi e‡j| GK K_vq ˆea,Aby‡gvw`Z,¯^xK…Z Pvwn`vB AwaKvi| AwaKv‡ii kZ© n‡”Q AwaKvi hvi Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z, AwaKvi cyi‡Yi ØvwqZ¡I Zvi|

AwaKvi‡K †KD †KD cÖ‡qvRb ev Pvwn`vi mv‡_ wgwk‡q †dj‡Z cv‡ib| †m †¶‡Î ejyb †h, †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb ev Pvwn`v evuPvi Rb¨ Ri“ix n‡Z cv‡i Avi ZLb Zv AvBb ev bxwZ aviv mg_©‡bi `vwe cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ mgw_©Z bv nIqv ch©š— Zv ÔAwaKviÕ bq| cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`v †_‡KB ÔAwaKviÕ -Gi Rb¥ G welqwU ¯úó K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki“b| 4| Gevi ejyb †h, AwaKvi k‡ãi g‡a¨B Aby‡gv`b K_vwU hy³| Avi GB Aby‡gv`‡bi KvRwU K‡i mgvR, msMVb, ivóª ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv c¶| Aby‡gv`‡bi ¯—i web¨vm K‡i ÒAwaKvi wcivwgWÓ ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 5| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy): cÖ`k©b Ki“b| Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mnvqZv wb‡q e¨vL¨v Ki“b| AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy): wbæwjwLZ Dcv‡q GKwU ÔAwaKviÕ wcivwgW ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i: 1. Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi 2. RvZxq AvBbx AwaKvi 2.1 msweavb 2.2 RvZxq AvBb †hgb, wmwfj †KvW, †cbvj †KvW Ges †jevi †KvW 2.3 bxwZgvjv Ges weavbmg~n 3. mvs¯‹…wZK Ges mvgvwRK wbqg I g~j¨‡evamg~n

13

GB AwaKvi KvVv‡gv Avš—R©vwZK/BD‡ivcxq AvBb eë¯’v wfwËK hv AwaKvsk ‡`k (wKš‘ me †`k bq) Øviv

M„wnZ| D`vniY ¯îƒc ejv hvq †h, †Kvb †Kvb gymjgvb Aay¨wlZ †`‡k ag©xq AvBb wcivwg‡Wi kxl©fv‡M

’vwcZ| Ab¨ †`k¸‡jv‡Z mbvZb cÖ_v wbf©i ÔmvaviY AvBb Kvh©KiÕ|

6| ejyb †h, ÒAwaKviÓ-Gi mv‡_ yBwU c¶ RwoZ| GK c‡¶ Av‡Q AwaKvi †fvMx ev Rights Holder Ab¨c¶ n‡”Q ØvwqZ¡ evnK ev Duty Bearer| ØvwqZ¡evnK c¶ AwaKvi †fvMx‡ì AwaKvi c~i‡Yi ØvwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i| 7| ejyb †h, AwaKvi wel‡q Avgiv Rvbjvg| Gevi Avgiv gvbevwaKvi ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv Rvb‡Z I eyS‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev| 8| ejyb †h, Avgiv GLb †gwW‡Uk‡b hve | LvwbKUv mg‡qi Rb¨ a¨vb gMœ n‡ev Avgiv| †gwW‡Uk‡b hvevi wb‡`©k AbymiY Kivi Rb¨ mevB‡K Aby‡iva Rvbvb | 9| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K †PvL eÜ Ki‡Z ejyb| kixi UvbUvb K‡i em‡Z ejyb | 10| KÚ IVvbvgv K‡i †gwW‡Uk‡b hvevi wb‡`©k w`b Gfv‡e:

g‡b Ki“b GKwU Rvnv‡R K‡i `~~i‡`‡k hv‡”Qb Avcbviv cÖwk¶‡Y AskMÖnYKvix GB 25 Rb| Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ gwnjvi msL¨v A‡a©K| mvM‡ii bxj Rjivwk †K‡U ª“Z GwM‡q hv‡”Q RvnvR| †KD Mí Ki‡Qb, †KD ZvwK‡q Av‡Qb w`Mš— - we¯—…Z Rjivwki w`‡K|

ANUb NU‡jv nVvr-B| AvBm ev‡M©i mv‡_ AvNvZ †L‡q †f‡½ co‡jv RvnvR| Wy‡e †M‡jv UvBUvwb‡Ki g‡Zv| UvBUvwbK Wywe †_‡K i¶v †c‡qwQj †KD †KD| wKš‘ Avcbviv mevB gviv †M‡jb | g„Z y ~Z Avcbv‡ì AvZ¥v wb‡q †Mj Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q| Ck¦i ej‡jb: †Zvgv‡ì Avevi RxweZ Kiv n‡e| RxweZ K‡i cvVv‡ev GK Rbgvbenxb MÖ‡n| my›ì †m MÖn| cÖPzi m¤ú` Av‡Q †mLv‡b | Avi Avwg †Zvgv‡ì gw¯—®‹‡K Ki‡ev kZ¸Y DbœZ| bZzb mf¨Zv M‡o Zzj‡e †Zvgiv|

bZzb MÖ‡n hvIqvi Av‡M †Zvgiv wVK K‡i e‡jv-bZzb c„w_exi gvbyl wnmv‡e †Zvgiv Kx ai‡bi ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Z PvI? †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv gÄy&yi Kiv n‡e| †Zvgiv †f‡e wP‡š— †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv RvbvI| ïay g‡b ivL‡e- bZzb c„w_ex‡Z †K bvix †K cyi“l n‡q Rb¥v‡e Zv Avwg †Mvcb ivL‡ev| †K abx n‡q Avi †K Mixe n‡q Rb¥v‡e Zv&I †Mvcb ivL‡ev Avwg| †Zvgv‡ì †KD Rb¥v‡e kv`v i‡Oi kixi wb‡q, †KD Rb¥v‡e Kv‡jv,ev`vgx i‡Oi kixi wb‡q| ‡KD ev n‡e cÖwZeÜx| ‡K Kx n‡e Zv GLb †KD †Zvgiv Rv‡bv bv| ‡Zvgiv Av‡Mi R‡b¥i AwfÁZv †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv wbY©q Ki|

14

Ck¦‡ii wb‡`©k gZ Avcbviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avcbv‡ì c~b: R‡b¥ Avcbv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi Kx n‡e Zv wPwnèZ Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨‡K gvÎ wZbwU K‡i cÖZ¨vkv wPwnèZ Ki“b| g‡b ivL‡eb †K Kx ai‡bi gvbyl n‡q Rb¥jvf Ki‡eb Zv wKš‘ Rv‡bb bv| Avevi GB wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv hw` Ab¨‡ì cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_ bv wg‡j Zv n‡j kvwš— wewNœZ n‡Z cv‡i | ZvB †f‡e wP‡š— cÖZ¨vkv wVK Ki“b|

Avcbvi wb‡Ri 3 wU cÖZ¨vkv|

3wU cÖZ¨vkv Avcbv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi‡K wPwnèZ Ki‡e|

GKwU kvwš—gq c„w_ex Movi †m me cÖZ¨vkv|

11| mevB‡K †PvL Lyj‡Z ejyb| LvwbKUv mgq w`b ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq wd‡i Avm‡Z|

12| cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K Zv‡ì wPwnèZ wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv ‡bvU LvZvq wjL‡Z ejyb|

13| KvW©¸wj msMÖn Ki“b I ‡ev‡W© ‡mu‡U w`b| Zvici `yRb AskMÖnYKvix‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvb Kv‡W© †jLv cÖZ¨vkv¸wj c‡o †kvbv‡Z|

14| cÖZ¨vkv †jLv †kl n‡j ‡Rvov`j MVb Ki“b| †Rvov `‡j wb‡R‡ì wPwnèZ cÖZ¨vkv¸wj Av‡jvPbv K‡i mg‡SvZvq †cuŠQ‡Z ejybGes †m¸wj †_‡K †Kej wZbwU †e‡Q wb‡Z ejyb| mgq w`b 2 wgwbU|

15| yBwU †Rvov`j (†gvU 4 Rb) GKÎ K‡i Av‡Mi wbq‡g †Kej †Rvov`‡ji wZbwU wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv †_‡K mg‡SvZvi wfwË‡Z wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv evQvB Ki‡Z ejyb| mgq w`b 2 wgwbU| evQvB KvR †kl n‡j 4 R‡bi ga¨ †_‡K 1 Rb cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z ejyb|

16| `‡ji cÖwZwbwa‡ì gvSLv‡b em‡Z ejyb| Zv‡ì‡K mg‡SvZvi wfwË‡Z wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv P~ovš— Ki‡Z ejyb| mgq w`b 3 wgwbU|

17| P~ovš— cÖZ¨vkv wZbwU Kv‡W© eo eo A¶‡i wj‡L Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb|

18| ejyb †h, GB wZbwU mve©Rbxb cÖZ¨vkv gvbevwaKvi‡K BswMZ K‡i|

19| gvbevwaKvi ej‡Z †K Kx ey‡Sb - GKwU Kv‡W© eo eo A¶‡i m‡e©v”P wZb jvB‡bi g‡a¨ Zv‡ì aviYv wjL‡Z ejyb| 20| KvW© †jLv †kl n‡q †M‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq Zv †ev‡W© AvU‡K wbb| GKRb Ask MÖnYKvix‡K me¸wj Kv‡W©i †jLv c‡o ïbv‡Z ejyb| 21| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvbevwaKvi ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

gvbevwaKvi gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e ¯^xK„Z KZ¸‡jv AvBwb wbivcËvi wbðqZv hv cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K Zvi ¯^vaxbZv I gvbweK gh©v`v AUzU ivL‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i|

gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q †gŠwjK Ges kZ©nxb cig AwaKvi hv GKRb gvbyl wnmv‡e cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB cÖvc¨|

15

22| ejyb †h, RvwZmsN 1948 mv‡ji 10 wW‡m¤î mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv K‡i| GB †NvlYvq 30wU Aby‡”Q` Av‡Q|

cÖvmw½K fv‡e e‡j w`b †h, ÔgvbevwaKviÕ Gi g~j welq n‡”Q Õme gvbyl Rb¥MZ fv‡e ¯^vaxb Ges mevi gh©v`v, AwaKvi mgvb|Õ Av‡M me gvbyl bq cyi“‡li ¯^vaxbZv Avi mvb AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv n‡Zv| Av‡gwiKvi ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv (RyjvB 4, 1776) Avi weªwUk-Av‡gwiKvb‡ì AvM÷ 26, 1749 †NvlYv I d«v‡Ýi RvZxq Ks‡MÖ‡mi †NvlYvq ejv n‡qwQj `Men are born and remain free and equal in

rights’ A_©vr Zv‡Z †Kej cyi“‡li ¯^vaxbZv Ges mgvb AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv n‡qwQj| bvixi ¯^vaxbZvi I mgvb AwaKv‡ii K_v ejv nqwb †mLv‡b|

Av‡iv ejyb †h, mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvq bvix, cyi“l, wkï mK‡ji mgvb gh©v`v I AwaKvi ewY©Z Av‡Q|

23| ejyb †h, mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvq Kx †jLv Av‡Q Zv GLb Avgiv c‡o ‡`L‡ev|G ch©v‡q mKj Ask MÖnYKvixi Kv‡Q mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi Kwc (mnR fvlvš—i) mieivn Ki“b|

24| 5 R‡bi `‡j ev ÷vwW mv‡K©j c×wZ‡Z gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv cv‡Vi eë ’v Ki“b| GR‡b¨ 10 wgwbU mgq eivÏ Ki“b|

25| gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv cvV †kl n‡j ejyb †h, gvbevwaKvi ev¯—evq‡bi Rb¨ 4 wU bxwZgvjv wbw`©ó Kiv n‡q‡Q| †mMywj n‡”Q :

mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ, Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ, `vwqZ¡ evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv, Revew`wnZv-i g~jbxwZ I AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ

26| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvbevwaKvi-Gi g~jbxwZmg~n Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|

gvbevwaKv‡ii g~jbxwZmg~n

mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ

`vwqZ¡ evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZt

27| cÖ‡kœvËi Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g bxwZgvjv¸wj e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

gvbevwaKv‡ii g~jbxwZmg~nt

1. mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ

ms¯‹…wZ, HwZn¨ I Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î †h cv_©K¨ hvB _vKzK bv †Kb, ag©, eY©, †MvÎ, †kªYx, †ckv BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l AwaKv‡ii „wó‡Z mKj gvbyl mgvb| †mB gvbyl we‡k¦i †hLv‡bB evm Ki“K ev †h Ae ’v‡ZB _vKzK mevi Rb¨ AwaKvi mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| gvbevwaKv‡ii aviYvi †¶‡Î KviI cÖwZ †Kvb cÖKvi b~b¨Zg êl‡gï AeKvk †bB| mKj gvbyl‡KB AwaKv‡ii AvIZvq Aš—f~©³

16

Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡K Aš—fy©w³KiY ev Inclusion e‡j| wkïivI GB AwaKv‡ii AvIZvq c‡o| wkï‡ì †¶‡Î GB mve©RbxbZvi A_© n‡jvt

AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î ‡Q‡j ev †g‡q mgvb| mKj wkïi Kj¨vY mgvb g~Yëvb, wKš‘ hviv me‡P‡q †ewk cÖwZKyj ev cÖvwš—K

Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Kj¨vY‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e| m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ mKj wkïi cÖwZ AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e| wkïi GB AwaKvi msNl© A_ev cÖvK…wZK y‡hv©Mc~Y© ’v‡bI cÖ‡hvR¨| †h †Kvb

Ae¯’vq Ges †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b AwaKv‡ii welqwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e| 2. Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ Kv‡iv gvbevwaKvi †hgb †K‡o †bqv hvq bv, †Zgwb †KD †¯^”Qvq Zvi gvbevwaKvi Z¨vMI Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| 3. `vwqZ¡ evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ gvbevwaKv‡ii †K‡›`ª ev g~j we› y‡Z Av‡Q AwaKvi‡fvMx (hv‡ì AwaKvi Av‡Q) Ges `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì (AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡bi `vwqZ¡ hvi ev hv‡ì Dci Awc©Z) g‡a¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i welqwU|

4. AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZt gvbevwaKvi GKwU weivU welq, Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK bvbvwea AwaKvi - G me¸wjB ¸i“Z¡ c~Y© Ges GKwU AciwUi Dci wbf©ikxj|

mKj AwaKvi mgvb¸i“Z¡ m¤úbœ n‡jI m¤ú‡ì AcÖZzjZv _vK‡j †Kvb †Kvb welq‡K AMÖwaKvi †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i| G‡¶‡Î GKwU AwaKvi c~i‡Y cÖZ¨¶fv‡e KvR Kivi cvkvcvwk Ab¨mKj AwaKvi cÖwZôvi wel‡qI c`‡¶c I †KŠkj Kg©m~wP‡Z ZvK‡Z n‡e| Avi Dbœqbg~jK Kv‡Ri Ab¨Zg kZ© n‡”Q- hviv me‡P‡q †ekx cÖwZK~j ev cÖvwš—K Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e|

28| bxwZgvjv e¨vL¨v †kl n‡j AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb †h, mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi ‡NvlYv QvovI e¨w³ I e¨w³e‡M©I ¯^vaxbZv I gvbweK gh©v`vi nvwb hv‡Z bv N‡U , †mR‡b¨ gvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— wKQz Pzw³ I †NvlYv Av‡Q| 29| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒgvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ I †NvlYvÓ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

17

gvbevwaKvi I gvbweK AvBb msμvš— cÖavb cÖavb Pzw³ ev †NvlYv

1948 w` BDwbfvm©vj wWK¬v‡ikb Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ev me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv (UDHR)

1949 ‡R‡bfv Kb‡fbkÝ|

1965 Kb‡fbkb Ab Gwjwg‡bkb Ae Aj dig& Ae †iwmqvj wWgwμ‡g‡bkÝ ev me ai‡bi

eY©‰elg¨ ~ixKiY welqK mb` (ICERD)

1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Kv‡fbv›U Ae wmwfj G¨vÛ cwjwUK¨vj ivBUm ev bvMwiK I

ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICCPR)

1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj ‡Kv‡fbv›U Ab BKbwgK G¨vÛ †mvk¨vj G¨vÛ KvjPvivj ivBUm ev

A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi welqK Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U

(ICESCR)1

1979 Kb‡fbkb Ab w` Gwjwg‡bkb Ad Aj digm& Ae wWmwμwg‡bkb G‡MBb÷ DB‡gb ev

bvixi cÖwZ me ai‡bi êlg¨ ~ixKiY msμvš— mb` (CEDAW)

1984 Kb‡fbkb G‡MBb÷ UiPvi G¨vÛ Av`vi μz‡qj, Bb wnDg¨vb Ae wW‡MÖwWs wUªU‡g›U Ai

cvwbm‡g›U ev wbh©vZb Ges Ab¨vb¨ wbôzi, AgvbweK A_ev A‡kvfb eënvi A_ev kvw¯—

`vb we‡ivax mb` (CAT)

1989 Kb‡fbkb Ab ivBUm Ae w` PvBì ev wkï AwaKvi mb` (UN CRC)

2000 wg‡jwbqvg wWK¬v‡ikb ev mnmªvã †NvlYv

2003 Kb‡fbkb Ab w` cÖ‡UKkb Ae w` ivBUm Ae Aj gvBMÖv›U IqvK©vm© G¨vÛ †g¤^vim& Ae

†`qvi d¨vwgwjR ev mKj cwihvqx kªwgK Ges Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì wbivcËv`vb

msμvš— mb`

2005 cÖwZeÜx e¨w³‡ì AwaKvi msμvš— mb`

30| ejyb †h Gi g‡a¨ wZbwU †NvlYv‡K mw¤§wjZfv‡e B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ejv nq|

31| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

1 w` BDwWGBPAvi, AvBwmwmwcAvi (Ges Gi ywU Ackbvj †cÖv‡UvKj) Ges w` AvBwmBGmwmAvi‡K GK‡Î B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm (Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi wej) e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv nq|

18

B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm

1948 w` BDwbfvm©vj wWK¬v‡ikb Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ev gvbevwaKv‡ii me©Rbxb †NvlYv (UDHR)

1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Kv‡fbv›U Ae wmwfj G¨vÛ cwjwUK¨vj ivBUm ev bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICCPR)


A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi welqK Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICESCR)

32| ejyb ‡h, gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi ci wkï‡ì AwaKvi wb‡q c„w_exi me ivóª‡K fve‡Z n‡q‡Q | KviY:

o wkï‡ì Pvwn`v, eq¯‹‡ì Pvwn`v †_‡K c„_K, o A‡bK mgv‡RB wkïiv bvbv ai‡bi wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi nq o A‡bK mgq wkï‡ì‡K m¤ú~Y©© gvbe wnmv‡e fvev nq bv, o wkï‡ì cÖ‡qvRb we‡kl wbivcËv,

mKj gvbevwaKviB wkï‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ | wKš‘ wkïiv Zv‡ì Kg eq‡mi Kvi‡Y kvixwiK Ges gvbwmKfv‡e GK‡bv Acwic° ZvB Zv‡ì we‡kl wbivcËv cÖ‡qvRb Avi cÖ‡qvRb wkï‡ì cÖwZ eo‡ì AwZwi³ g‡bv‡hvM | Avi GRb¨B 1989 mv‡ji 20 b‡f¤î RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb` †NvlYv K‡i| 33| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Kv‡Q RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`-Gi msw¶ß fvl¨ weZiY Ki“b| 34| ejyb †h, GB mb‡` 54wU Aby‡”Q` Av‡Q| e¨vL¨vi myweavi Rb¨ 54wU Avby‡”Q`‡K 5 wU ¸‡”Q fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| 35| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ 5 wU ¸‡”Qi bvg cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

cuvP ¸”Q wkï AwaKvi

wkïi †e‡uP _vKv (Survival) wkïi weKvk (Development) wkïi wbivcËv (Protection) wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation) ev¯—evqb I m‡PZbZv (Implementation and Awareness)

19

36| ejyb, Avgiv †`‡LwQ †h gvbevwaKv‡ii 4wU g~jbxwZ Av‡Q| †miKg g~jbxwZ Av‡Q wkk~ AwaKv‡iiI| wkky AwaKv‡ii g~jbxwZ 5wU| 37| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ 5 wU g~~jbxwZ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|

wkï AwaKvi-Gi 5wU g~jbxwZ

ˆelg¨nxbZv (Non-discrimination) wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© (Best Interest of Child) wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk (Survival & Development) wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation) Revew`wnZv (Accountability)

‰elg¨nxbZv (Aby‡”Q`-2)

wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© AskMÖnY

(Aby‡”Q`-3) (Aby‡”Q`-12) + Revew`wnZv

(Aby‡”Q`-4) 38| ejyb †h, GB bxwZ¸wj n‡”Q wkï AwaKvi ev¯Zevq‡bi g~jbxwZ| Rvwb‡q w`b †h, 5wU g~jbxwZ wb‡q GB †Kv‡m© Avjv`v Avjv`v Awa‡ekb cwiKíbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| 39| mevB‡K ab¨ev` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

†eu‡P _vKv I weKvk (Aby‡”Q`-6)

20

Awa‡ekb 3

AwaKvi‡fvMx wkky I `vwqZ¡evnK

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv - wkï AwaKvi cÖ‡kœ mKj eq¯‹ e¨w³ ØvwqZ¡evnKMÖ“‡ci Aš—f©y³ Ges ivóª n‡”Q gyL¨

ØvwqZ¡evnKÓ-K_vwUi e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cvi‡eb| - ØvwqZ¡evn‡Ki 3 ØvwqZ¡ wPwnèZ I we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| - ØvwqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK© Pμ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk,iƒcK f~wgKv,†QvU`j DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMªx t wewfbœ †ckv I e¨w³i bvg †jLv 30wU KvW©, wd¬cmxU I gvK©vi, †evW©, ¯−vBW: ØvqZ¡evn‡Ki 3 ØvwqZ¡, ØvwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 ØvwqZ¡, wewfbœ ch©v‡qi ØvwqZ¡evnK, ØvqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK©Pμ cÖwμqv t 1| mevB‡K Awa‡ek‡b ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡jvP¨ welq Rvwb‡q w`b| 2| ejyb, Avgiv Rvwb †h, ÔAwaKviÕ K_vwUi mv‡_ 2wU c¶ RwoZ| GKwU n‡”Q AwaKvi‡fvMx Ab¨wU n‡”Q `vwqZ¡evnK| `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki KvR n‡”Q AwaKvi‡fvMxi AwaKvi †fvM welqwU wb¼zzk Kiv| 3| ejyb †h, wkïiv n‡”Q AwaKvi †fvMx| Ab¨ w`‡K RvZxq wkï AwaKvi mb‡` ivóª‡K gyL¨ `vwqZ¡evnK Ges cwievi‡K gyL¨ cwiPh©vKvix ejv n‡q‡Q| 4| Òwkï AwaKv‡ii cÖ‡kœ gyL¨ `vwqZ¡ evnK n‡”Q ivóª - K_vwUi A_© wK? cÖ‡Z¨K Ask MÖnYKvixi KvQ †_‡K aviYv msMÖn Ki“b| Zvici ejyb †h, ivóª GB `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i gš¿Yvjq, Awa`ßi, wewfbœ miKvix cÖwZôvb Gi gva¨‡g| Ab¨ w`‡K iv‡óªi m`m¨ wnmv‡e mKj eq¯‹ e¨w³ (18 eQ‡ii †ewk) `vwqZ¡evnK MÖ“‡ci Aš—f©y³| 5| ejyb †h, GLb Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K GK GKwU iƒcK f~wgKvq Ask †b‡ev | 6| Av‡M †_‡K ˆZix Kiv wewfbœ †ckv/bvg †jLv KvW© Avcbvi mvg‡b ivLyb

21

KvW© : wewfbœ †ckv/bvg †jLv W±i BDb~m, evb wK gyb (RvwZmsN gnvmwPe), wWwR wcÖRb, BDwbqb cwil‡ì †Pqvig¨vb, ¯‹z‡jb mvg‡b AvPvi we‡μZv, wfwWI wmwW we‡μZv, gv`K eëmvqx, ivóªcwZ, ‡kL nvwmbv, ‡eMg Lv‡j`v wRqv, †jLK n~gvq~b Avng`, †Rjv cÖkvmK, hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U, cywj‡ki AvBwR, wek¦e¨vs‡Ki †cÖwm‡W›U, ‡P¤^vi Ae Kgv‡m©i †cÖwm‡W›U Avwbm~j nK, mvsevw`K, cy‡ivwnZ, cÖ_g Av‡jvi m¤úv`K, ‡eMgevRv‡ii †nv‡Uj gvwjK, ga¨weË M„nea~ mwLbv, MvqK dwKi AvjgMxi, wm‡bgv Awf‡bÎx, kveb~i/KvRj/†iLv, A‡÷ªwjqv wμ‡KU`‡ji K¨v‡Þb, evm KÛv±i, eªv‡Ki †Pqvig¨vb Av‡e` Lvb, †mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb Awd‡mi wmwKDwiwU MvW©, KvjKvUv Kvgvj, Bgvg, cÖavb wbe©vPbKwgkbvi, mycÖxg †Kv‡U©I cÖavb wePvicwZ, GBW&m Avμvš— abx ‡KvwUcwZ e¨w³, Zviv Rgxb ci wm‡bgvi cwiPvjK I Awf‡bZv mvjgvb Lvb| b¨v‡Uv mvgwiK evwnbxi cÖavb, Biv‡K Av‡gwiKvb evwnbxi cÖavb, MvRv wmwUi †gqi, ¯‹z‡ji wWªj wk¶K| cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvix‡K Avmb †_‡K D‡V G‡m GKwU KvW© msMÖn Ki‡Z ejyb| mevB‡K Aby‡iva Ki“b Kv‡W© Kx †jLv Av‡Q Zv †hb Ab¨ KvD‡K bv Rvbvb| 7| me AskMÖnYKvix KvW© msMÖn K‡i wbR wbR Avm‡b wd‡i †M‡j ejyb †h, Avcbv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki nv‡Z GKwU †ckvi bvg ev e¨w³i bvg Av‡Q| GLb †_‡K Avcbviv wb‡R‡K H †ckvi †jvK/e¨w³i cwiP‡q K_v ej‡eb| 8| ejyb †h, Avgiv GLb G‡K G‡K mevi KvQ †_‡K Rvb‡ev bZzb †ckvi/Ae ’vb †_‡K wkï AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ Avcwb Kx ØvwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡eb| H Ae¯’vb †_‡K Avcbvi mywbw ©ó wKQz Kv‡Ri K_v/cÖwZkÖ“wZ K_v ejyb hv Avcwb Ki‡Z Pvb| 9| cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi K_v ïbyb| G mgq Zv‡ì K_vi g~j¨vqb Kiv hv‡e bv Zv †Lqvj ivLyb| me AskMÖnbKvixi K_v †kl n‡q †M‡j ejyb †h, Avgiv †`Ljvg cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB, †h †h Ae¯’v‡b _v‡Kb bv †Kb Zvi wKQz `vwqZ¡ _v‡KB| 10| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki 3 ØvwqZ¡ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

`vwqZ¡ evn‡Ki 3 `vwqZ¡

wkï AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡b `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì cÖavb `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q

wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb (Respect ) cÖ k©b wkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v (Protection) cÖ`vb wkïi AwaKvi c~iY (Fulfill) Kiv

22

11| 1,2, 3; 1,2,3 ¸‡Y AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 3 wU MÖ“‡c fvM Ki“b| ejyb †h, hvi hvi Avm‡b e‡mB KvR Ki‡eb Zviv| 12| Gevi KvR fvM K‡i w`b: hv‡ì b¤î 1 Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Ôwkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb cÖ`k©bÓej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv wjL‡eb| hv‡ì b¤î 2 Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Òwkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v cÖ`vbÓ ej‡Z Kx eySvq- Zv wjL‡eb| hv‡ì b¤î 3 Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Òwkïi AwaKvi c~iY Kiv Ó ej‡Z Kx eySvq- Zv wjL‡eb| 13| wfc KvW© mieivn Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K‡K GKwU K‡i c‡q›U wjL‡Z ejyb | †mB mv‡_ wfc KvW©-G †jLvi wbqg Rvwb‡q w`b/g‡b Kwi‡q w`b| 14| mevi †j‡Lv n‡q †M‡j KvW©¸wj 3 fv‡M †ev‡W© jvwM‡q †Ìqvi eë¯’v Ki“b| Ges cÖ‡Z¨K MÖ“‡ci cÖwZwbwa †W‡K Zv covi eë¯’v Ki“b| 15| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Ò`vwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 `vwqZ¡Ó Dc ’vcb Ki“b|

`vwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 `vwqZ¡

wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb (Respect ) cÖ k©b

wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aš—M©Z wkïi me ai‡Yi AwaKvi ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges wkï‡ì AwaKvi‡fvMx wnmv‡e m¤§vb †`Lv‡Z n‡e|

Ggb †Kv‡bv AvBb, bxwZgvj ˆZwi/ev¯—evqb ev †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv hv‡e bv hv wkï‡ì‡K †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq|

wkk~ AwaKvi-Gi c‡¶ hZ ABb, bxwZgvjv ìKvi ˆZwi I ev¯—evqb wkï AwaKvi j½‡bi wei“‡× ev wkï AwaKvi c~i‡Yi `vwe‡Z wkï‡ì A_ev wkï I

wkï AwaKv‡ii c‡¶ eo‡ì †Kv‡bv Kg©m~wP cvj‡b evav bv †Ìqv wkïi ¯^vaxb gZvg‡Zi cÖwZ, wkï‡ì msMwVZ nIqvi ¯^vaxbZvi cÖwZ m¤§vb

†`Lv‡bv| wkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v (Protection) cÖ vb wkï AwaKvi myi¶v Kiv wkï AwaKvi j½b bv Kiv| Z…Zxq c¶ hv‡Z wkï AwaKvi j½b bv K‡i Zvi eë¯’v Kiv|

wkïi AwaKvi c~iY (Fulfill) Kiv iv‡óªi Aš—M©Z me GjvKvi me wkkyi me AwaKvi c~i‡Yi eë¯’v wbwðZ Kiv| cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb , weavb , bxwZgvjv, I ev¯—evqb KvVv‡gv ˆZwi

23

cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡RU eivÏ evóªxq e¨e ’vq mivmwi †mev cÖ vb

16| Gevi Òwewfbœ ch©v‡qi ØvwqZ¡evnKÓ kxl©K bx‡Pi wPÎwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡`i mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Ki“b|

wewfbœ ch©v‡qi ØvwqZ¡evnK

24

17| welqwU Av‡iv ¯úó Kivi Rb¨ Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÔAwaKvi ‡fvMx I `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki m¤úK©-Pμ kxl©K wPÎwU †`Lvb Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

`vwqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK©-Pμ

AwaKvi Ñ `vwqZ¡ Ñ `vex (†RvqvwKg _vBm cÖYxZ)

`vwqZ¡evnK

m¤§vb, myi¶v

Ges AwaKvi c~iY

hv‡ì Rb¨ êlg¨nxbZv †hLvb †_‡K `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i AwaKvi `vex Kiv nq

AwaKvi‡fvMx

18| ejyb †h, GB QwewU †_‡K Avgiv ØvwqZ¡evn‡Ki Av‡iv GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Øvwq‡Z¡i K_v Rvb‡Z

cviwQ| Avi Zv n‡”Q Revew`wnZvi `vwqZ¡|

Rvwb‡q w`b †h, GB †Kv‡m© `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì Revew`wnZv wel‡q GKwU Awa‡ekb Av‡Q| Avgiv h_v

mg‡q G wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

19| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

Rev

ew`w

nZv A

skMÖnY

25

Awa‡ekb 4

AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv -AwaKviwfwËK Dbœqb cš’v-i cUf~wg e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| -Pvwn`v wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK Dbœqb cš’v-i cv_©K¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| mgq t 1N›Uv 30 wgwbU c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk,cÖ`k©b,†QvU`j DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t †evW© I gvK©vi, wewfbœ cš’vi bvg †jLv KvW©, UªvÝcv‡iÝx mxU:Dbœqb cš’vi BwZnvm, yB avivi AwaKvi, Pvwn`v wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK Dbœqb cš’v-i cv_©K¨

cÖwμqv:

1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ: Rvbvb| 2| ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

3| †ev‡W© ÒAwaKvi wfwËK cš’vÓ K_vwU wjLyb| mevB Zv †`L‡Z cv‡”Qb wK bv wbwðZ †nvb| Zvici ejyb †h, ÒAwaKvi wfwËK cš’vÓ K_vwU G‡m‡Q ÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’vÓ K_vwU †_‡K|

4| †ev‡W© ÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Kg©m~wPÓ K_vwU wjLyb| ejyb †h, Bs‡iwR‡Z G‡K ÒivBU&m †eBRW ‡W‡fjc‡g›U ‡cÖvMvgÕ ejv nq|

5| ejyb †h, Dbœqb Avi Ebœqb-Kg©m~wP wel‡q Avgiv Rvwb Avi G wb‡q KvRI K‡i AvmwQ| Dbœœqb cš_vq bZzb GKwU gvÎv hy³ n‡q Zv n‡q‡QÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Ó|

6| ejyb †h,Avgiv cÖ_‡gB Dbœqb Kg©m~wP †_‡K ÒAwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Kg©m~wPÕ iƒcvš—wiZ nIqvi welqwU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

7| ejyb †h, Ab¨vq, AwePvi, Ab¨vh¨Zvi wei“‡× gvby‡li msMÖvg Pj‡Q †mB cÖvPxb Kvj †_‡K| ‡kvlY, eÂbv, †f`v‡f`, ¶gZvi Ace¨envi Avi ¶gZvai‡`i AZ¨vPvi †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi

26

Rb¨ mgvR Avi e¨w³i g‡a¨ mym¤úK© Movi ZvwM` Av‡Q ey‡×i evYx‡Z, evB‡e‡j, †Kviv‡b| AvaywbK Kv‡j Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv bvbv iKg cš’v eënvi K‡iwQ Ges KiwQ|

8| aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K wewfbœ Dbœqb cš’vi bvg †R‡b wbb| Zv‡ì ejv cÖ‡Z¨KwU Dbœqb cš’vi bvg †ev‡W© wjLyb| ‡k‡l AvcwbI yÕGKwU bvg hy³ Ki“b|

9| ejyb †h, Pvwn`vi Ici wfwË K‡i GB Dbœqb cš’v¸wj wewfbœ mg‡q Dbœqbg~jK Kv‡R eëüZ n‡q‡Q, GL‡bv n‡”Q| G cÖm‡½ ejyb †h, Avgiv Kj¨vY cš’v(Welfare Approach) †_‡K, `vwi`¨ª we‡gvPb cš’v(Anti Poverty Approach), Zv †_‡K mgZv cš’v(Equity Approach), Ges ‡mLvb †_‡K `¶Zve„w×cš’v(Efficiency Approach) I Av‡iv c‡i ¶gZvqb cš’v (Empowerment Approach)Gfv‡e GK Dbœqb cš’v †_‡K Av‡iK Dbœqbcš’vi cwieZ©b †`‡LwQ| eZ©gv‡b Dbœqb cš’v wnmv‡e ‡ewk ¸i“Z¡ cv‡”Q AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v|

K_v¸wj ejvi mgq A‡M †_‡K ‰Zix mswk−ó Dbœqb cš’vi bvg †jLv KvW©¸wj †ev‡W© duvK duvK K‡i AvU‡K w`b Ges GKwU †_‡K Av‡iKwU‡Z DËiY eySv‡Z + wPnè eënvi Ki“b|

10| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ gvbevwaKvi Dbœqb cš’vq †cuŠQvi BwZnvm cÖ`k©b Ki“b|Ges AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mnvqZv wb‡q e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

AwaKvi Dbœqb cš’vq †cuŠQvi BwZnvm

1914-1919 cÖ_g wek¦hy×

1917 mgvRZvwš¿K ivwkqvi Rb¥ 1946 mv‡Î©i Aw¯—Ë¡ev`

Pig e¨w³- ^vZš¿ I Pig e¨w³ ^vaxbZvev`

1948 mve©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv 1950-1980 kxZj hy×

Avš—©RvwZK kw³ 2 fv‡M wef³ c~uwRev`x c¶:hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎ †`k mgvRZvwš¿K c¶: †mvwf‡qZ ivwkqv I Ab¨ mgvRZvwš¿K‡`k mg~n

1966 UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

Dbœqb I

27

hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎc¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i; mgvRZvwš¿K c¶-Gi †`k¸wj Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i

gvbevwaKvi Avjv`v n‡q hvq

1966 UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights mgvRZvwš¿K c¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i; hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎc¶ Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i

1986 Declaration on the Rights to Development

1991 UNCRC G‡Z Av‡Q wkïi wmwfj,ivR‰bwZK,A_©‰bwZK,mvg

vwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK

AwaKv‡ii c~Y© mgš^q

1997 UN Reform: Rights Based Development

2000 UNDP’s HRD on Human Rights and Human Development

2001 Rights Based Programing Approaches (UN organizations,

donors, NGOs..)

11| Av‡jvPbv †k‡l ejyb †h, AwaKv‡ii cÖ‡kœ c„w_ex 2 fv‡M wef³| GKw`‡K Av‡Q A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK Ges mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi Avi Ab¨w`‡K Av‡Q wmwfj I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi | Avgiv G welqwU wb‡q Av‡iv LvwbKUv Av‡jvPb& Ki‡ev| 12| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Ò yB avivi AwaKviÓ QKwU cÖ k©b Ki“b Ges msw¶ß e¨vL¨v w`b|

28

AwaKvi A_©‰bwZK,mvgvwRK Ges

mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi wk¶v ¯^v¯’¨ AvkªqKvR cvwb

wmwfj I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi evK ^vaxbZv

Pjv‡div Kivi ¯^vaxbZv msNe× nIqvi ¯^vaxbZv b¨vq wePvi cvIqvi AwaKvi AZ¨vPvi †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi

AwaKvi

mgm¨v `vwi ª , †kvlY, Ab¨vh¨Zv e¨w³ ^vaxbZvi cÖwZ nzgKx Bm ~ ‡hŠ_ ^v_©

mgZv `vwi ª †_‡K gyw³ m¤ú‡ì b¨vh¨ e›Ub

e¨w³ ^vaxbZv fq/k¼v †_‡K gyw³ b¨vq wePvi myi¶v MYZvwš¿K bxwZgvjv

mgvavb m¤ú`-Gi cybte›Ub mylg m¤ú` †fvM

e¨w³i ^vaxbZv

13| ejyb †h, wewfbœ Dbœqb cš’vi K_v, gvbevwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’vi K_v Avgiv Rvbjvg| Avgv‡ì mevB‡K GKwU K_v g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, ‡Kv‡bv Dbœqb cš’vi meUzKz ev` w`‡q Av‡iKwU Dbœqb cš’vi Rb¥ nq bv| GKwU Dbœqb cš’vi djcÖmy w`K¸wj †i‡L Zvi AKvh©Ki I mxgve×Zv ev` w`‡q Ab¨ GKwU Dbœqb cš’vi Rb¥ nq| A_©vr cš’vi i“cvš—i N‡U| 14| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbv K‡i Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I gvbevwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’vi cv_©K¨ Luy‡R †ei Ki‡ev| 15| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4wU `‡j fvM K‡i GKvRwU Ki‡Z w`b| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 20 wgwbU mgq cvIqv hv‡e - Zv Rvwb‡q w`b|

29

16| `jxq Av‡jvPbvi ci cÖ‡Z¨K `j Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| Av‡jvPbv Dc¯’vcb ce© †kl n‡j Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Ò Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I gvbevwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’vi cv_©K¨Ó kxl©K ¯−vBW cÖ`k©b Ki“b | Ges cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Zv‡ì mv‡_ c‡q›Um¸wj wgwj‡q wb‡Z ejyb|

Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v g‡a¨ cv_©K¨

AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px‡Z Revew`wnZv _v‡K wKš‘y Pvwn`v wfwËK ev Ab¨ Dbœqb cš’v wfwËK Kg©m~Px‡Z Revew`wnZv _v‡K bv| Pvwn`v wfwËK I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©myPxi g‡a¨ †h cv_©K¨ Av‡Q Zv wbæi“c t Pvwn`v ev Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v * e¨w³MZ e`vb¨Zv bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK, ˆbwZK I AvBbMZ

`vwqZ¡, evaëvaKZv I `vwqZ¡

* † ^”QvcÖ‡Yvw`Z eva¨Zvg~jK

`vbkxjZv AvBbMZ `vwqZ¡, evaëvaKZv, I KZ©e¨*Kj¨vY, `qv `w¶Yvg~jK AvBbMZ`vwe, wbðqZv j¶Y¸wj‡K (symtoms) cÖvavb¨ †`q g~j KviY‡K (root causes) cÖvavb¨ †`q

AvswkK j¶¨ AR©‡bI mš‘wó jvf K‡i (D`vniY: 80 kZvsk wkï‡K UxKv †Ìqv; e„nËi Rb‡Mvôx‡K †mev cÖ vb Kiv)

m¤ú~Y© j¶¨ AR©b bv nIqv ch©š— mš‘wó AR©b K‡i bv| A_©vr mKj e¨w³i mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q, ZvB 80 kZvsk wkï‡K UxKv`vb Kivi A_© GB †h, j¶¨ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c AwR©Z nqwb

Pvwn`vi ¸i“‡Z¡i GKwU μg-web¨vm Av‡Q| wKQy Pvwn`vi ¸i“Z¡ Ab¨vb¨ Pvwn`vi ¸i“‡Z¡i AwaK (†hgbÑ wk¶vi Av‡M Lv`¨)

AwaKvi‡K fvM Kiv hvq bv| Zviv AwefvR¨ Ges ci¯úi wbf©ikxj

cwiw ’wZ, e¨w³ I cwi‡ek †f‡` Pvwn`v wfbœ AwaKvi me©Rbxb welq (mKj †¶‡Î mgvb)

Kj¨vYg~jK †mev cÖ`vb K‡i (D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv) ¶gZvqb (j¶¨ n‡”Q AwaKvi AR©b Kiv) K‡i| AwaKvi-†fvMx‡ì AwaKvi `vex Kivi Rb¨ ¶gZvqb Kiv nq|

e¨w³Kfv‡e Pvwn`v wbiƒcY Kiv nq Avš—R©vwZK gv‡bi wfwË‡Z AwaKvi‡K †`Lv nq|

†cÖ¶vcU ¯^í‡gqv`x, k~b¨Zv c~iY Kiv †cÖ¶vcU `xN©‡gqv`x

wkï‡ì we‡kl we‡kl †Mvôxi cÖwZ j¶¨ K‡i we‡kl we‡kl cÖKí

cy‡iv welq we‡ePbvq †bqv nq (holistic approach)

wkïiv mvnvh¨ cvIqvi Dchy³ wkïiv mvnvh¨ cvevi AwaKvix

miKv‡ii wKQy Kiv KZ©e¨, wKš‘ Kvi“iB †Kvb mywbw`©ó evaëvaKZv †bB

miKv‡ii AvBbMZ I ˆbwZK evaëvaKZv i‡q‡Q

30

†mev cÖ vb eë ’vi DbœwZK‡í wkïivI AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i AwaKvie‡j wkïiv mwμq AskMÖnYKvix

m¤ú‡ì ^íZv‡nZz wKQy wKQy wkï ewÂZ n‡Z cv‡i wb‡R‡ì m¤¢vebvi weKv‡k mKj wkïi mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q

cÖwZwU Kv‡Ri GKwU mywbw`©ó j¶¨ i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ mvgwMÖKfv‡e me KvR‡K GKwÎZ K‡i GKwU j¶¨ wba©vi‡Yi eë ’v †bB

Gi j¶¨ AZ¨š— mywe¯—„Z, mevB GK‡hv‡M KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i|

wKQy wKQy †Mvôxi cÖv‡qvwMK AwfÁZv i‡q‡Q hv †_‡K wkïivI jvfevb n‡Z cv‡i

wkïi AwaKvi AR©‡b mKj c~Y©eq¯‹ e¨w³ GKwU wbR ^ f~wgKv wb‡Z cv‡i (wkïivI Ask wb‡Z cv‡i)

MÖnY‡hvM¨ `vwe Ges AvBbMZ AwaKvi †¯Qv cÖ‡Yvw`Z eva¨Zvg~jKLye mvgvb¨ ev Aí AskMÖnY _v‡K ev Ki‡Z cv‡i mwμq AskMÖnY ‡KD †KD ewÂZ n‡Z cv‡i ev ev` co‡Z cv‡i mK‡jiB mgvb AwaKvi Av‡Q cÖ‡Z¨K Kvh©μg Abyhvqx j¶¨ wbw ©ó Kiv _v‡K m¤ú~Y© j¶¨ AR©b K‡i Kj¨vYg~jK †mev cÖ`vb K‡i (D‡Ïk¨ n‡”Q Pvwn`v c~iY Kiv) ¶gZvqb (j¶¨ n‡”Q AwaKvi AR©b Kiv)

K‡i| AwaKvi †fvMx‡ì AwaKvi `vwe Kivi Rb¨ ¶gZvqb Kiv nq

* cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’v -i A‡bK PP©vKvix GUv ^xKvi K‡ib bv|

yÕwU cš’vi g‡a¨ Dc‡iv³ cv_©‡Kï g‡a¨ GKwU cÖavb welq n‡”Q †h,Pvwn`vwfwËK ev Ab¨ cš’vi g‡a¨ †Kvb Revew`wnZv †bB| Pvwn`vwfwËK ev Ab¨ cš’vq wkï‡ì myi¶v I mn‡hvwMZv`v‡bi Rb¨ ivóª wKsev Ab¨vb¨ mswewae× KZ…©c‡¶i †Kvb ˆbwZK A_ev AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv †bB| Pvwn`v †_‡K A‡bK AwaKvi ˆZwi nq e‡U, Z‡e AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq AvBbMZ, ˆbwZK evaëvaKZv I Revew`wnZv Avcbv †_‡KB hy³ _v‡K| GKBm‡½ AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq AwaKvi‡fvMx‡ì AwaKvi `vwe Ki‡Z DØy× Kiv nq Ges †mRb¨ Zv‡ì ¶gZvqb Kiv nq| Gi A_© n‡”Q, Zv‡ì K…cvi cvÎ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv, eis Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì cÖvc¨ AvBbMZ AwaKvimg~‡ni `vex`vi wnmv‡e †`Lv nq|

g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK cš’vi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv we‡iva †bB| eis cÖ_gwU wØZxqwUi wfwË e‡j a‡i †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i, Ges cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’vqiDËg wRwbm¸wj‡K AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq mswk−ó Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges AwaKvi I Dbœqb ywU aviYv‡KB GB cš’vq GKxf~Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|

A‡bK mgq eySv‡bvi Rb¨ AwaKviwfwËK cš’v‡K cÖ‡qvRbwfwËK G¨v‡cÖv‡Pi wecixZ G¨v‡cÖvP wnmv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| ywU cš’viB wfwË n‡jv RbMY‡K wU‡K _vK‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì †fZ‡i †h me m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q †mB m¤¢vebvi c~Y© weKvk mvab Kiv| H j¶¨ AR©‡b Dfq cš’v‡ZB bvbv gvwÎK mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv I K‡g©v‡`¨v‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e GB yB gZev‡ì c~e©aviYv¸wj Ges Kg©m~wPKi‡Y H me c~e©aviYvi eënv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|

31

17| Gevi ejyb †h, AwaKvi-Gi mv‡_ ¶gZv I ¶gZv KvVv‡gvi m¤úK© wbweo| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki AwaKvi mgvb n‡jI ¶gZvi Ø›Øg~jK m¤ú‡K©I Kvi‡Y Kg ¶gZvev‡bi AwaKvi jswNZ nq, ev Zv‡ì AwaKvi _v‡K Ae‡nwjZ, Ac~wiZ| Avi G Kvi‡YB, AwaKvi K_vwUi g‡a¨ ÒAwaKvi Av`v‡qi jovBÓ welqwU me©`vB RwoZ _v‡K| Avi ZvB, AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v n‡”Q gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒc| 18. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒAwaKvi wfwËK cš’v: gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒcÓ wPÎwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v: gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨

Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒc

19| cÖ‡kœvËi c×wZ‡Z wPÎwUi e¨vL¨v uvo Kivb|

gvbevwaKvi AvBb, wePvi I ^vaxbZvi

cÖwZ kª×v †Rviv‡jv Kiv gvbevwaKvi m¤ú‡K© wk¶vi

cÖmvi AvBb cÖYqb gvbevwaKvi cwiw¯’wZi

Dci cwiex¶Y I cÖwZ‡e`b

¯^vaxbfv‡e cwiPvwjZ gvbevwaKvi welqK wewfbœ cÖwZôvb

wewfb cwZKvigjK eë¯v

Dbœq‡bi d‡j hv AwR©Z nq A_©‰bwZK mg„w× Ges

Avq I m¤ú` e„w× bxwZgvjv cwieZ©b mvg_© m„wó Kiv gvbm¤§Z †mev mykvmb e¨w³K g‡bvf½x I

Kg©ZrciZv ev Activism

AwaKvi AR©‡bi Rb¨ RbMY‡K mw¤§wjZ Kiv I Zv‡ì mn‡hvwMZv Kiv Ges G Rb¨ ¶gZvq AwawôZ e¨w³‡ì

Dci Pvc m„wó Kiv wbiš—b cÖPviYv I †`bìevi

w

gvbevwaKvi I Dbœqb

AR©‡bi Rb¨ †hme †¶‡Î cwieZ©b

Avb‡Z n‡e ivRbxwZ I AvBb cÖvß m¤ú‡ì eÈb cÖwZôvb¸wji gvb

e„w× g‡bvf½x I eënvi DcvË I cwiex¶Y

32

20| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b| e¨vL¨v`v‡bi mgq Kg©ZrciZv As‡k AwaKvi Av`v‡qi jovB welqwU ‡hvM Ki“b Ges ejyb †h, AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Kg©m~wP ¶gZvq AwawôZ‡ì Ici bvbv Dcv‡q Pvc m„wó K‡i| GW‡fv‡Kmx Kvh©μg ZvB AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi GKwU D‡j−L‡hvM¨ Ask| 21| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv GKwU iƒcK ‡Ljvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡ev| Avi Zv Ki‡ev †Rvov`j wfwË‡Z| 22| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì †Rvov`‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K †Rvov`‡ji †h †Kvb GKRb‡K GKwU nvZ g~wVe× Ki‡Z ejyb| Gici †Rvov`‡ji Ab¨Rb‡K H gywVe× nvZwU Lyj‡Z ejyb | G mgq AskMÖnYKvixiv †KD †KD †Rvi K‡i gywV Lyj‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb| Awa‡ek‡b wKQyUv ˆn ˆP n‡Z cv‡i| 23| mevB‡K _vwg‡q w`b| cÖkœ Ki“b: gywV Lyj‡Z †RvivRywi Ki‡Qb †Kb? Aby‡iva Ki‡j †h KvRwU n‡q hvq, †mLv‡b †Rvi LvUv‡bvi cÖ‡qvRb Kx? 24| ejyb †h, AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©ZrciZv n‡e Awnsm, wbqgZvwš¿K , AvBbvbyM| 25| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

33

Awa‡ekb 5

wkï AwaKvi Kg©mywPKiY

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv -wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb| -wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY Pμ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| -wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y cÖhvR¨ 5 wU g~jbxwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

-wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiYKi‡Y wkï‡`i eûgvwÎK Ae¯’vb I f~wgKv we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq t 1 N›Uv c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, cÖ`k©b,Abykxjb, iƒcK we‡klÁ †Pqvi DcKiY t Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, mZ¨-wg_¨v Abykxjb cÎ, ¯−vBW: Kg©m~wPKiY Pμ, gvbevwaKvi g~jbxwZ, wkï AwaKvi g~jbxwZ, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi msÁv, wkï AwaKvi Kg„m~wPKi‡Yi Dcv`vb mg~n cÖwμqv t 1| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i ejyb †h, GB Awa‡ek‡b Avgiv wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev| 2| Ô‡cÖvMÖvwgs ev Kg©m~PxKiY ej‡Z Avgiv ey‡S _vwKÕ- ? G wel‡q cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki aviYv msMÖn Ki“b| 3| Zvici ejyb †h, †cÖvMÖvwgs ej‡Z Avgiv cwiw ’wZ we‡k−lY, cwiKíbv ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis I g~j¨vq‡bi GKwU KvVv‡gv (frame work) cš’v (Approch) ey‡S _vwK| 4| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i-Gi gva¨‡g Kg©m~wP Pμ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|

34

cÖ_vMZ Kg©m~wP Pμ

cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY/Pvwn`v wPwýZKiY

g~j¨vqb cwiKíbv cÖYqb

ev¯—evqb I cwiex¶Y

35

5| ejyb †h, GKB Pμ wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKi‡Y e¨envi Kiv nq| Z‡e 4 av‡ci Kg©m~PxKiY P‡μi cÖ_g av‡c cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY Gi ¯’‡j wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY K_vwU e¨envi Kiv nq| 6| Gevi wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY Pμ Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Pμ

wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY



36

7| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKi‡Y eva¨Zvg~jKfv‡e wKQz g~jbxwZ cvjb Ki‡Z nq| ‡m¸wj n‡”Q - êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ, m‡e©vËg ¯^v‡_©i g~jbxwZ, †eu‡P Z_v I weKv‡ki g~jbxwZ| AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ Ges Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ|

8| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi g~jbxwZ¸wj cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi g~jbxwZ mg~n êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ

m‡Ÿ©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi g~jbxwZ

‡eu‡P _vKv weKvk-Gi g~jbxwZ

AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ

`vwqZ¡evnK‡ì Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ 9| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Pxi g~jbxwZ¸wj G‡m‡Q ÔgvbevwaKviÕ I Ôwkï AwaKviÕ g~jbxwZ †_‡K|

10| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÔgvbevwaKviÕ I Ôwkï AwaKviÕ g~jbxwZ cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

gvbevwaKvi g~jbxwZ

mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZ

wkï AwaKvi-Gi 5 g~jbxwZ

êlg¨nxbZv

wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯v_©i¶v

‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk Ges

AskMÖnY

Revew`wnZv

37

ejyb †h, gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi Gi me¸wj g~jbxwZ MÖnY K‡i wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY Kiv nq|

j¶¨ Ki‡Z ejyb †h, AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ Av‡Q gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi Dfq †¶‡ÎB| Avi wkï AwaKv‡ii Ô‰elg¨nxZvi g‡a¨B Av‡Q gvbevwaKv‡ii Ômve©RbxbZvÕ I ÔAwffvR¨ZviÕ g~jbxwZ Avi Gfv‡e meKwU g~jbxwZ MÖnY K‡ii wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKi‡Yi g~jbxwZ uvwo‡q‡Q 5wU‡Z| 11| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi Kg©myPxKi‡Y Gi g~jbxwZ cvjb cwinvh©| ZvB wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Pxi msÁv n‡e- gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi - Gi g~jbxwZ h_vh_ MÖnY/cvjb K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb Kg©KvÛ‡K GK K_v wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px KiY (Child Rights Programing) ev CRP e‡j| 12| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ CRP-i msÁv cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px KiY

gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi - Gi g~jbxwZ h_vh_ MÖnY/cvjb K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb Kg©KvÛ‡K GK K_v wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px KiY (Child Rights Programing) ev CRP e‡j|

13| ‡ev‡W©, wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY K_vwU ‡hvM wPnè eënvi K‡i wjLyb:

wkï + AwaKvi + Kg©m~PxKiY 14| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ kãwU wZbwU cÖ`k©b K‡i msw¶ß e¨vL¨v w`b|

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY wkï (Child) : AvVv‡iv eQ‡ii wb‡P mKj evjK I evwjKv (hw` bv AvBbe‡j AvV‡iv eQ‡ii Kg

e‡qmx‡ì c~Y©eq¯‹ e¨w³ wnmv‡e ^xK…wZ †`qv nq)| GLv‡b ÔwkïÕ kãwU‡K GKwU mvwe©K A‡_© eënvi Kiv nq Ges Ôwkïi mvgwMÖKÕ cÖ‡qvRb¸wj‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq (Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb‡K Ô¯^v¯’¨Õ ev Ôwk¶vÕ BZ¨vwì gZ LvZIqvwi wefvRb Kiv nq bv)| GKBm‡½ msÁvwU êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ, A_©vr †kªYx, RvwZ, †MvÎ, eY©, fvlv BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l cÖwZwU wkï‡K mggh©v`v I AwaKvi †`qvi wbðqZv †`q| me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYvi Aby‡”Q` 26L Abyhvqx 18 eQ‡ii bx‡Pi eqmKvj‡K GKwU e¨w³i ˆkkeKvj (childhood) wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q

38

G Rb¨ †h, G mgqwU Zvi weewa©Z nevi mvg‡_© i Rb¨ Ges eq¯‹ e¨w³i Zzjbvq †ewk SzuwK‡Z _vKvi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e êwkó¨gwÊZ|

AwaKvi (Rights): GwU wkï‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ gvbevwaKvi AvBb‡K wb‡`©k K‡i, hv cÖ_gZ wkï AwaKvi mb` ev Kb‡fbkb Ab w` ivBUm Ae w` PvBìmn Ab¨vb¨ Kb‡fbk‡b ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|

Kg©m~wPKiY (Programming): mywbw`©ó j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b ¸W cÖ¨vKwUm AbymiY K‡i GK¸”Q Kg©Kv‡Êi cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y Ges eë¯’vcbv eySvq|

15| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv wkï‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mvaviY aviYv Rvb‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev| 16| Òwkï‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mvaviY aviYvÓ kxl©K mZ¨wgZ¨v Abykxjb cÎwwU wewj Kiyb| 5 wgwbU mg‡qi g‡a¨ Abykxjb KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z ejyb|

wkï‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mvaviY aviYv mZ¨ wK wg_¨v wjLyb

- wkïiv Amnvq, eo‡ì Dci m¤ú~Y© wbf©ikxj| - wkï‡ì Rb¨ †KvbwU fvj †KvbwU g›` eoiv Zv Rv‡bb| - wkï gv‡bB bvevjK, c~Y©Zv Avm‡Z GL‡bv evwK| - wkï‡ìI AwaKvi Av‡Q| - wkïi cwievi hw` jvfevb nq Z‡e wkïivI jvfevb nq| - wkïiv ïay PvB‡Z Rv‡b| Avi Zv‡ì me PvIqv c~iY Kiv Kv‡iv c‡¶ m¤¢e bq| - me evev-gvB wkï‡ì R‡b¨ hv wKQz fvj Zv Ki‡Z Pvb| - ‡KvbwU wkïi Rb¨ ìKvwi, †KvbwU Zv‡ì ¶wZ K‡i †m wel‡q me mgqB wkï‡ì gZvgZ

†bIqv cÖ‡qvRb| - eo‡ì gZ wkï‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki aviYv I „wófw½I Avjv`v Avjv`v| - wkï AwfÁZv I „wófw½ eo‡ì †_‡K wfbœ| - wkïivI mgv‡Ri mwμq m`m¨ - cwievi ev mgv‡Ri DbœwZ n‡j wkïiv AvcbvAvcwb jvfevb n‡e Zv †Rvi w`‡q ejv hvq bv| - wkïivI wb‡R‡Ì fvjg›` wb‡q fv‡e - ev”Pv‡ì Ôgv‡ii Dci Jlya bvBÕ RbwcÖq †jLK ûgvqb Avn‡g‡ì K_vwU GK`g mwVK bq| - wkï‡ì me K_v ïb‡Z n‡e| - wkï‡ì K_v ïb‡Z n‡e, Z‡e me K_v gvb‡Z n‡e Zv bq| - me eq‡mi wkï Zv‡ì gZ K‡i gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|

17| mZ¨ wg_¨v wPwnèZ Kiv †kl n‡j Abykxjb cÎwU Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges †Kvb †¶‡Î †K Kx wj‡L‡Q †R‡b wbb| †h me ‡¶‡Î wfbœ gZ †`Lv w`‡q‡Q †m me wel‡q msw¶ß weZK© Abyôvb Ki“b| Avjvc Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g mevB‡K GKgZ n‡Z mnvqZv Ki“b|

39

18| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP‡Z wkïÓ welqK ¯−vBWwU †`Lvb|

wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wP‡Z wkï

Kg©m~wPi †K›`ª we› y‡Z wkï| wkï gv‡b wkïi mvgwMÖK w`K| wkïi mKj AwaKvi c~iY Ges myôy weKv‡ki Rb¨ hv wKQz

cÖ‡qvRb me wKQz wgwj‡q wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e| wkï gv‡b mKj wkï| †Kej cÖvwš—K, ye©j ev Amg_© wkï bq| wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri, RvZxq A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZi Ask wnmv‡e| wkï gv‡b e„nËi mgv‡Ri GKRb, GwZgLvbvi wkï, c_ wkï Gfv‡e Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv hv‡e

bv| wkï‡ì kw³ mvg_©¨ Av‡Q| eqm e„w×i av‡c av‡c GB kw³ mvg_©¨ μge„w× jvf K‡i| GK GK wkïi ˆkkeKvjxb AwfÁZv G‡KK iKg| mKj wkïi aviYv, mKj wkïi

cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`v GKB g‡W‡ji bq| wkïiv ïay wb‡Z Rv‡b Zv bq| Zviv wKQz w`‡ZI Rv‡b| wbQK †fvMx †kªYx bq Zviv| Zviv

cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri mwμq AskMÖnYKvix| wkïivI mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Avi Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡ì bvbv

AwfÁZv Av‡Q, Av‡Q wbR¯^ cQ›`, mgm¨v wPwýZ Kiv Avi mgm¨vi KviY wPwýZ Kivi ¶gZv, mgm¨v mgvav‡bi mwVK mycvwik/civgk© cÖ`v‡bi `¶Zv|

19| ejyb †h, Avgiv wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP KiY-Gi avc, g~jbxwZ Ges Kg©m~wP KiY cÖwμqvq wkï‡ì‡K mgv‡Ri mwμq Askiƒ‡c †`Lvi welqwU †R‡bwQ| Gevi Avgiv wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Ki‡Yi cÖavb cÖavb w`K/Dcv`vb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡ev|

20| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÒAwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Dcv`vbÓ kxl©K n¨vÛ AvDU weZiY Ki“b |

40

wkï AwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Dcv`vb

mewKQyi †K‡›`ª wkï‡ì Ae¯’vb, Zv‡ì AwaKvi‡fvMx I mgv‡Ri mwμq Ask ev Actor wnmv‡e

†g‡b †bIqv|

ivóª/miKvimg~nB †h gyL¨ `vwqZ¡evnK Zv wkïmn mgMÖ RbM‡Yi wbKU Ges Avš—R©vwZK A½‡b

¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv| GKBm‡½ †Kw›`ªq miKvi, †emiKvixLvZ, wkï‡ì cwiPh©v`vbKvix

†ckvRxex‡ìI `vwq‡Z¡i welqwU ¯§i‡Y ivLv|

`vwqZ¡evn‡Kiv hv‡Z Zv‡ì evaëvaKZv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ cªv‡qvwMK †KŠkjmsμvš—

mn‡hvwMZv w`‡q, ev‡RU eivÏ w`‡q Ges bvbvfv‡e Askx`vixZ¡ e„w× K‡i Zv‡ì mvg_© e„w×

Kiv|

gyL¨ cwiPh©v`vbKvix, wec` Avc` †_‡K i¶vKvix I c_wb‡`©kK wnmv‡e wcZv-gvZv I cwievi‡K

¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv Ges Zv‡ì H f~wgKv cvj‡b mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv|

wkï I wkï evÜe cwi‡ek‡K cÖvavb¨ †`qv|

wj½ êl‡gï wel‡q ms‡e`bkxj nIqv Ges SzuwK‡Z Av‡Q I êl‡gï wkKvi n‡q‡Q †mBme evjK-evwjKv‡ì welqwU‡K gyL¨ K‡i GKwU ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© mgvavb A‡š^lY Kiv|

¶gZvi KvVv‡gv fvimvg¨c~Y© Kiv (†kªYx, wj½, b„ZvwË¡K RvwZmËv, eqm BZ¨vw`)| ¶gZvnxb

†kªYx‡K ¶gZvqb K‡i Ges Zv‡ì ¯^v_©‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q GUv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

†KŠkjMZ cQ›` wbe©vPb I we‡kl eë ’v MÖnYKv‡j wkï‡ì AwaKv‡ii wel‡q GKwU mvgwMÖK „wóf½x‡K aviY Kiv|

AwaKvi c~i‡Yi A½xKvi wb‡q j¶¨ w¯’i Kiv|

†UKmB dj AR©b‡K j¶¨ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i wkï‡ì Zvr¶wYK mgm¨v¸wj ~i Kivi cvkvcvwk

mgm¨vi g~j KviY¸wj‡KI ~i Kivi †Póvi Dci we‡klfv‡e †Rvi †`qv|

we‡kl K‡i wkï‡ì e¨vcv‡i AskMÖnYg~jK I ¶gZvqbKvix G¨v‡cÖvP eënvi Kiv|

wkï‡ì AwaKvimg~‡ni cÖPvi I cÖmvi, myi¶v I AwaKvi cwic~i‡Yi Rb¨ Askx`vi I HK¨‡RvU M‡o †Zvjv|

Avš—R©vwZK mn‡hvwMZvi Dci Av ’v ivLv|

hviv LyeB SzuwK‡Z Av‡Q Ges êl‡gï wkKvi n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì welqwU †ewk K‡i Zz‡j aiv|

GKwU mvgwMÖK cwi‡cÖw¶Z MÖnY Kiv hv‡Z wewfbœ LvZ ev †m±i mn‡hvwMZv `vb Ki‡Z cv‡i|

41

GKwU `xN©‡gqv`x j¶¨ w¯’i Kiv hv‡Z my¯úófv‡e Avš—R©vwZK AvB‡bi KvVv‡gv _vK‡e Ges

miKvi, `vZv I mykxj mgvR mw¤§wjZfv‡e GB KvVv‡gv cÖYqb Ki‡e|

AvBb I Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹vi KvR‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv, †hgb cwiex¶‡Yi Rb¨ ¯’vqx c×wZ| Gi d‡j

†UKmB cwieZ©‡bi AwaKZi m¤¢vebv m„wó n‡e|

21| iƒcK we‡klÁ †Pqvi c×wZ‡Z ÒAwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi Dcv`vbÓ -Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU c‡q›U e¨vL¨v Ki“b| 22| Ò wkï AwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wP KiYÓ wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì Av‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Av‡Q wK bv wR‡Ám Ki“b| cÖkœ _vK‡j †m wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì mn‡hvwMZvq Av‡jvPbv Ki“b| 23| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

42

Awa‡ekb 6

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv

-mgv‡R wkïi cÖwZ êlg¨ Ges Gi aib I KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb -wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb -êlg¨nxbZv bxwZi ¸i“Z¡¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU c×wZ t Abykxjb, aviYv cÖKvk,cª`k©b, †QvU`j, DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖx: ‡nvqvBU †evW©, †evW© gvK©vi,wd¬c kxU , gvK©vi †cb, Abykxjb cÎ, UªvÝcv‡iÝx: wkï AwaKvi mb‡` êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZ, êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZi ¸i“Z¡,

cÖwμqv t 1| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| 2| Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg I D‡Ïk¨ eY©bv Ki“b| 3| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ejyb- GB Awa‡ek‡bi kyi“‡Z Avgiv GKwU Ab~kxjb KvR Ki‡ev| KvRwUi bvg? ÒKZ `ª“Z Avgiv †PbvRvbv gvby‡li bvg wjL‡Z cvwi ?Ó 4| mevB‡K Abykxjb cÎwU wewj Ki“b| e‡j ivLyb †h, GLb †KD GwU co‡eb bv| †Uwe‡j D‡ëv K‡i †i‡L w`b|

KZ `ª“Z Avgiv †PbvRvbv gvby‡li bvg wjL‡Z cvwi ? welq bvg

1. AvR‡K hv‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h †Kv‡bv 2 R‡bi bvg

2. w`‡b 10 N›Uvi †ewk cwikªg K‡ib †PbvRvbv Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

43

3. fvj Mvb Mvq Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

4. fvj Awfbq K‡i Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

5. GKRb wkky Dbœqb Kg©xi bvg

6. Dcb¨vm wj‡Lb Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

7. Lye †ewk wUwf †`‡L, Avcbvi †Pbv Rvbv Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

8. Avcbvi Lye Kv‡Qi GKRb gvby‡li bvg

9. Avcbvi Awd‡m PvKix K‡i Ggb yBR‡bi bvg

10. GB †Kv‡©m AskMÖnYKvix †h †Kv‡bv GKR‡bi bvg

11. cÖwZw`b †`Lv nq Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

12. Avcbvi MÖv‡gi/ gnj−vi GKRb fv‡jv gvby‡li bvg

5| ejyb †h 2 wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ GKvRwU †kl Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv †`L‡Z PvB KvRwU †K `ª“Z †kl Ki‡Z cv‡ib| weRqx 1g, 2q I 3q ¯’vb AR©bKvix‡`i bvg †NvlYv Kiv n‡e| 6| GK yB wZb e‡j KvRwU ïiy Kivb| 7| 1g, 2q I 3q †K Av‡M †kl K‡i‡Q wPwnèZ Ki“b| 8| ejyb †h, mevB wbðqB hvi m¤ú‡K© wKQz bv wKQ~ Rv‡bb Zvi bvg wj‡L‡Qb| mevB‡K wnmve K‡i wbgœwjwLZ bv‡gi msL¨v wnmve Ki‡Z ejyb|

KqwU bvg cyi“‡li Avi KqwU bvg bvixi wj‡L‡Qb? KqwU wkïi bvg wj‡L‡Qb| (e‡j w`b ÒAvcbviv Rv‡bb Gi g‡a¨ KqRb wkïi bvg

wj‡L‡Qb|)

44

KqRb Mixe gvby‡li bvg wj‡L‡Qb? ‡Kv‡bv cÖwZebax gvby‡li bvg wj‡L‡Qb wK?

9| cÖkœ ivLyb- bvg †jLvi GKvRwU Ki‡Z wM‡q †Kb cyi“‡li bvg †ewk wjL‡jb, †Kb wkïi bvg Kg wjL‡jb, ‡Kb Mixe gvby‡li bvg g‡b G‡jv bv, cÖwZeÜx Kv‡iv bvg †Kb g‡b Av‡mwb? 10| cÖkœ ivLyb, GwU Avgv‡ì wb‡R‡ì êlg¨g~jK „wófw½ I AvPi‡Yi w`K wb‡`©k K‡i wKbv? K‡qKR‡bi gZvgZ wbb| weKí : mš—v‡bi WvK bvg †Ìqvi †Ljv 1. Avcbvi eÜ~ GKRb ivR‰bwZK †bZv, Zvi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q- mš—v‡bi GKwU my›ì bvg w`b

2. Avcbvi evmvi Kv‡Ri †g‡qi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q Zvi GKwU bvg 3. Avcbvi evwo‡Z wbqwgZ ya †`q, †mB `xby †Mvqvjvi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q, Zvi GKwU bvg w`b

4. GKRb bvg Kiv †jL‡Ki GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q | †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg w`b

5. miKvix eo PvKwi K‡i Ggb GKR‡bi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q | †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg w`b

6. Avcbvi mnKg©x dzUdz‡U GKwU mš—v‡bi gv n‡q‡Qb, †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg w`b

7. Avcbvi †g‡q cÖ_g mš—vb Rb¥ w`‡q‡Qb, †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg w`b 8. MÖv‡g †eov‡Z wM‡q Rvb‡Z †c‡jb Avcbvi †QvU †ejvi eÜ~ †h GKRb Mixe K…lK Zvi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q | †mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg w`b|

9. cÖPÛ S‡oi iv‡Z Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q GK wkk~, Zvi GwU bvg w`b| 10. GjvKvi weL¨vZ GK gyw³‡hv×vi GKwU mš—vb n‡q‡Q|†mB mš—v‡bi GKwU bvg w`b

mswk−ó cÖkœ:

- ‡K KqwU †Q‡ji bvg wj‡L‡Qb, KqwU †g‡qi bvg wj‡L‡Qb? msL¨vMZ cv_©‡Kï KviY Kx? - cÖ‡Z¨KwU bvg wK mgvb gh©v`vc~Y©?

G me wel‡q AskMÖnYKvix‡ì KvQ †_‡K Zv‡ì gZvgZ †R‡b wbb| 11| ejyb †h, †QvU‡ejv †_‡K †h wkï êl‡gï g‡a¨ eo nq, eo n‡q †m GKB iK‡gi êlg¨g~jK AvPiY K‡i _v‡K| wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZi ¸i“Z¡ ZvB A‡bK †ewk| ejyb †h, c„w_exi A‡bK A-kvwš—i g~‡j GB êlg¨| gvbyl‡K Ae‡njv, gvby‡li cÖwZ AwePvi Avi †kvl‡Yi g~‡j Av‡Q êlg¨|

45

12| ejyb †h, gvby‡l gvby‡l bvbv Kvi‡Y cv_©K¨ †`Lv hvq| †KD abx, †KD Mixe. †KD wkw¶Z †KD Awkw¶Z, Kv‡iv eyw× †ewk Kv‡iv ev eyw× Kg| GiKg Av‡iv A‡bK cv_©K¨ Av‡Q gvby‡li gvby‡l| Avgiv GLb gvby‡l gvby‡l bvbv iKg cv_©‡Kï GKwU ZvwjKv ˆZwi Ki‡ev| 13| gvby‡l gvby‡l cv_©K¨¸wj Kx Kx? aviYvcÖKvk c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki KvQ †_‡K GKwU K‡i cv_©K¨ c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b| cÖ‡qvR‡b 2q ivDÛ aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z Av‡iv c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b| me c‡q›U wd¬ckx‡U wjLyb| 14| ejyb †h, wKQz gvbyl Av‡Q hviv GB cv_©K¨‡K KviY wnmv‡e a‡i Ab¨‡ì ‡nq Ávb K‡i, ¯^vaxbZvq n¯—‡¶c K‡i, VKvq, †kvlY K‡i| ejyb †h, me gvbyl‡K mgvb fv‡e bv †`Lv, me gvby‡li cÖwZ mgvb „wófw½ †cvlY I mgvb AvPiY bv Kiv‡K Avgiv êlg¨KiY e‡j _vwK| 15| Ifvi‡nW UªvÝcv‡iÝx eënvi K‡i Ki“b wkï AwaKvi mb‡` ewY©Z ‰elg¨nxbZvi bxwZ

cÖ`k©b Ki“b I e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

wkï AwaKvi mb‡` êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZ wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aby‡”Q` 2-G wel‡q mivmwi D‡j−L Kiv

n‡q‡Q †h, wkïiv RvwZ, eY©, †RÛvi, fvlv, ag©, ivR‰bwZK gZvgZ BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l mgvb AwaKvi cv‡e|

Aby‡”Q`-2

1. AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n Zv‡ì wbR wbR AvIZvq cÖwZwU wkïi Rb¨ GB

mb‡` Dwj−wLZ AwaKvimg~‡ni cÖwZ kª×vkxj _vK‡e Ges G¸‡jvi

wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e| G e¨vcv‡i wkï A_ev Zvi wcZvgvZv wKsev

AvBbm¤§Z Awffve‡Ki †¶‡Î †MvÎ, eY©, wj½, fvlv, ag©, ivR‰bwZK

wfbœgZ, RvZxqZv A_ev mvgvwRK cwiPq, weË, mvg_©¨ Rb¥m~‡Î wKsev

Ab¨ †Kvb eskMZ Ae¯’v‡bi Kvi‡Y êlg¨ Kiv hv‡e bv|

46

2. wkïi wcZvgvZv, AvBbm¤§Z AwffveK wKsev cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡ì

Ae¯’vb, Kvh©Kjvc, cÖKvk¨ gZvgZ ev wek¦vm hw` †Kvb wkïi Rb¨

êlg¨ wKsev kvw¯—i KviY nq Z‡e AskMÖnYKvix i‡óªmg~n wkïi

AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ me ai‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e|

myZivs wkï AwaKv‡ii cÖ_g K_vB nj êlg¨nxbZv| 16| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi mb‡` mKj wkïi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| GKwU wkï ev` hvIqvi A_© n‡”Q H ev` hvIqv wkïwU êl‡gï wkKvi n‡q‡Q| ZvB wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Ki‡Y mKj wkïi Aš—©f~w³ KiY ev GKxf~Z Ki‡Yi cÖwZ †Rvi Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q| 17| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wb‡R‡ì Kg©m~wPi AwfÁZv wewbg‡qi gva¨‡g bx‡Pi cÖkœ¸wji DËi ˆZwi Ki‡Z ejyb|

K) Avcbv‡ì wkï Dbœqb Kg©m~wP †Kvb ai‡bi wkï‡ì Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Q? (aib, eqm,wj½, GjvKv, ¯‹z‡j co–qv -------) L) Avcbv‡ì wkï Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z †Kvb ai‡bi wkï Aš—©fy³ nq wb? ev` c‡o‡Q? ev` covi KviY Kx? M) ev` cov wkï‡ì Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq Avbvi Rb¨ Kx c`‡¶c †bIqv n‡q‡Q? N) Kg©m~wP GjvKvq mvgvwRK fv‡e ev` cov wkï Kviv? Zv‡ì‡K Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq GKxf~~Z Kiv hv‡e Kxfv‡e? `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|

18| Gici cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| GK`‡ji Dc¯’vc‡bi ci Ab¨`‡ji gZvgZ ‡R‡b wbb| 19| ejyb †h, ÒKviY hvB _vKzK bv †Kb êlg¨ Kiv hv‡e bvÓ- GwUB êlg¨nxbZvi g~j K_v | 20| Gevi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnvh¨ wb‡q êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡jvPbv Ki“b:

47

êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZi ¸i“Z¡

êl‡gï KviY †KvbwUB Kg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bq|

wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì êlg¨nxbZvi bxwZgvjvq me ai‡bi êlg¨ `~i Ki‡Z †Rvi w`‡q ejv n‡q‡Q|

wkï AwaKvi mb` me wkïi (100 % ) Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨|

me wkï me ai‡bi AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡e| †Kv‡bv GKwU AwaKvi ev` w`‡q evwK kZKiv 99fvM AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡jI wkï AwaKvi c~Y© AwR©Z n‡q‡Q e‡j MY¨ Kiv hv‡e bv|

cÖwZwU Aby‡”Q`B me wkïi Rb¨ mgvb ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| †h me wkï †eu‡P Av‡Q A_P Rxeb weKv‡ki Rb¨ msMÖvggyLi, Zv‡ì R‡bÏ GB mb` cÖ‡hvR¨|

†h me wkïiv eo n‡”Q, ¯‹z‡j hv‡”Q ev hv‡e, Zv‡ì R‡bÏ GB mb`| †h me wkï wewfbœ †`‡k ivóªxq Ø›Ø-msNvZ, kÎ“Zv ev êl‡gï wkKvi ZvivI GB AwaKvimg~n †fvM Ki‡e|

wkïi we‡kl cÖ‡qvRb‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

wkï‡ì g‡a¨ kvixwiK gvbwmK ev mvgvwRK we‡klZ¡ _vKzK Avi bv-B _vKzK, wkïi AwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ _vK‡e bv|

ag©-wek¦vm, msL¨vjNyZ¡, Avwèvmx ev DcRvZxq - me wkïiB GKB iKg AwaKvi i‡q‡Q|

†g‡qiv †Q‡j‡ì mgvb|

GKwU †cvwjI Avμvš— ev AÜ wkïi AwaKvi mgvb | wkïiv êlg¨g~jK cwi‡e‡ki gva¨‡g †e‡o D‡V e‡jB Zviv A‡bK mgq Ab¨ wkï‡ì mv‡_

êlg¨g~jK AvPiY K‡i| 21| ejyb †h, Avgiv GB Awa‡ekb GKUz c‡iB †kl Ki‡ev| Awa‡ek‡bi ïi“‡Z Avgiv †`‡LwQ ‡h, m‡PZb ev A-m‡PZbfv‡e Avgiv êlg¨ K‡i _vwK| |GB Awa‡ekb †_‡K Avgiv GKwU †Ljvi gva¨‡g ‰elg¨nxbZvi bxwZi cÖwZ „p Av¯’v cvj‡bi cÖwZkÖ“wZ †`‡ev| 22| mevB‡K Wvb nvZ gywôe× Ki‡Z ejyb Ges nvZwU gywôe× Ae¯’vq †Uwe‡j †P‡c ivL‡Z ejyb| ejyb †h, nvZ †KD IVv‡Z †Póv Ki‡eb bv Avi Avcwb wKQz wb‡ ©k w`‡eb, †m Abymv‡i mevB †hb wb‡`©wkZ KvRwU K‡ib| wb‡ ©kvejx GK) Ò‰elg¨ gvby‡li g‡a¨ A-kvwš— m„wó K‡iÓ- G K_vwU hw` mZ¨ g‡b K‡ib Z‡e gywôe× nv‡Zi ‡Kej gvÎ ga¨g Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb|Ó mevB Avs¸j IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K abëv` Rvbv‡eb| yB) Ògvbyl‡K Ae‡njv, gvby‡li cÖwZ AwePvi Avi †kvl‡bi g~‡j Av‡Q êlg¨Ó- GK_vwU hw` mZ¨

g‡b K‡ib Z‡e gywôe× nv‡Zi †Kej gvÎ ey‡ov Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb|

48

mevB AvsMyj IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K abëv` Rvbv‡eb| wZb) Òêlg¨ Kivi KvRwU wkïiv wk‡L eo‡ì KvQ †_‡KÓ GK_vwU hw` mZ¨ g‡b K‡ib Z‡e gywôe× nv‡Zi †Kej gvÎ K‡o Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb | mevB Avs¸j IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K abëv` Rvbv‡eb| Pvi) Ò‰elg¨ †_‡K i¶v cvIqvi AwaKvi Av‡Q mKj wkïi, mKj gvby‡liÓ-GK_vwUi mv‡_ hw` GKgZ nb Z‡e gywôe× nv‡Zi †Kej gvÎ ZR©bx Ic‡i IVvb| mevB AvsMyj IVv‡eb| †k‡l Avcwb mevB‡K abëv` Rvbv‡eb| cuvP) Òwkïi cÖwZ êlg¨g~jK AvPiY eÜ Ki‡Z Avgiv cÖvYcY †Póv Ki‡evÓ -GK_vwUi mv‡_ hw` GKgZ nb Z‡e A½yixq ev wis wdsMvi A_©vr K‡o Avs¸‡ji cv‡ki Avs¸jwU Ic‡i IVvb| mevB‡K c~b:c~b:, cÖvYcY †Póv Ki‡Z ejyb | 23| ejyb †h, GwU hZ k³ KvRB †nvK bv †Kb Avgv‡ì μgvMZ †Póvq wkï‡ì cÖwZ êlg¨g~jK AvPiY Avgiv i“L‡evB| 24| Av‡jvPbvi mvi ms‡¶c †U‡b, mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki“b|

49

Awa‡ekb 7

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi g~jbxwZ D‡Ïk¨ t GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY:

- wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk Gi g~jbxwZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; - wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi mv‡_ mswk−ó AwaKvimg~n wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| - wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi mv‡_ mswk−ó AwaKvimg~n c~i‡Yi Rb¨ mswk−ó

ØvwqZ¡evnK‡ì ØvwqZ¡ wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq t 1N›Uv 30 wgwbU c×wZ t Qwe AvuvKv, †QvU`j,aviYv cÖKvk cÖwk¶Y DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖxt

- †nvqvBU †evW© I †evW© gvK©vi,d¬xckxU I gvK©vi, UªvÝcv‡iwÝ kxU: - wkï AwaKvi bxwZgvjv-i wÎfyR; wkï AwaKvi mb`-Gi Abyy‡”Q` 6,wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi Rb¨ Abymibxq w`Kmg~n

cÖwμqv t 1. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb Ges Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡jvP¨ wel‡qi ms‡M cwiPq Kwi‡q w`b| 2. ejyb †h, Avgiv cÖ‡Z¨‡K KL‡bv bv KL‡bv PvivMvQ jvwM‡qwQ | Zv nq‡Zv d‡ji Pviv, dz‡ji

Pviv, mâxi Ab¨,†Kv‡bv Mv‡Qi Pviv| Avgiv GLb GKwU PvivMvQ AuvKvi KvR Ki‡ev|

3. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì ‡Rvov `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K wbgœwjwLZ KvR¸wj Ki‡Z ejyb: ‡Rvov`‡ji m`mïv GKwU K‡i PvivMvQ AuvK‡eb| PvivMvQwU eo n‡j Zv †_‡K Zv‡ì Kx cÖZ¨vkv Zv wjL‡eb| PvivMvQwU eo K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ Zv‡ì‡K Kx Kx Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wjL‡eb|

GKvRwU Kivi Rb¨ 10 wgwbU mgq w`b| 4. `jxq KvR †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡ì KvR Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e|

50

5. Dc ’vcb †kl n‡j cÖkœ ivLyb: GKwU Pviv Mv‡Qi mv‡_ GKwU wkïi †Kvb wgj Av‡Q wKbv| cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi KvQ †_‡K GiKg wg‡ji GKwU K‡i c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b|

6. ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev|

7. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi g~jbxwZ m¤^^wjZ wÎfyRwU cÖ`k©b

Ki“b|




(Aby‡”Q`-4)

8.wÎfy‡Ri gvSLv‡b Òwkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvkÓ K_vwU wÎfyRwU‡Z we‡kl †Kv‡bv ¸i“Z¡ enb Ki‡Q wKbv - y&B GK R‡bi KvQ †_‡K †R‡b wbb| Zvici ejyb †h, wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvkB g~j welq Avi Gi Rb¨ Avgv‡ì hZ Av‡qvRb| †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ| Ab¨ g~jbxwZ¸wj wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wbwðZ I gvbm¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨| 9.Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aby‡”Q` 6 Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|


51

RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aby‡”Q` 6

2. kixK ivóªmg~n ^xKvi K‡i †h, cÖwZwU wkïi †eu‡P _vKvi mnRvZ

AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| 3. kixK ivóªmg~n wkï‡ì †eu‡P_vKv Ges weKv‡ki †¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ me©vwaK

wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e| 10. mevB‡K wkï AwaKvi¸”Q Av‡jvPbvi K_v g‡b Kwi‡q w`b| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi ¸”Q

Av‡jvPbvi mgq Avgiv wkïi ‡eu‡P _vKv Avi wkïi weKvk ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv †R‡bwQ| mswk−ó AwaKvi¸wj Av‡iKevi g‡b Ki‡Z †Póv Ki‡ev Avgiv|

11. Gevi, Òfvjfv‡e ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ wkïi AwaKvi¸wj Kx Kx? Ó- cÖ‡Z¨K AskMÖnYKvixi

KvQ †_‡K G wel‡q GKwU K‡i c‡q›U msMÖn Ki“b Ges Zv wd¬c †ev‡W© wjLyb|

(m¤¢ve¨ wKQz c‡q›U :Lv`¨, Avkªq, wPwKrmv, e¯¿, wbivc` cvwb I cwi‡ek)

12. GKBfv‡e Òwkïi myôz weKvk-Gi Rb¨ wkïi AwaKvi¸wj Kx Kx ?Ó- Zv †R‡b wbb Ges Av‡iKwU wd¬ckx‡U wjLyb|

(m¤¢ve¨ wKQz c‡q›U : wk¶v, †Ljva~jv, we‡bv`b, †mœn-fvjevmv, mvs¯‹…wZK PP©v, wkï`j MVb , ag©cvjb) wd¬ckxU 2wU †`qv‡j Uvbv‡bvi eë¯’v wbb|

13. Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvRmg~nÓ Dc¯’vcb Ki“b|

wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKvk wbwðZ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq KvRmg~n - bxwZgvjv/cwjwm ˆZwi, ms‡kvab I cÖ‡qvRbxq †¶‡Î evwZj Kiv - bxwZgvjvi myôz ev¯—evqb - KvVv‡gv/DcwiKvVv‡gv ˆZwi/gReyZKiY - cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡RU eivÏ - gvbm¤úbœ †mev cÖ`vb

52

- gwbUwis eë ’v †Rvi`viKiY - ¶wZMÖ —/Amnvq/wcwQ‡q cov wkï‡ì ^v_©‡K AMÖvwaKvi cÖ vb

14. Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K `jxq Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z wbgœ wjwLZ QKc~i‡Yi KvRwU Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Rvbvb| cÖ‡Z¨K`j 2wU QKB c~iY Ki‡e| GKUz Av‡M wPwnèZ Kiv Òfvjfv‡e ‡eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ wkïi AwaKviÓ I Ò myôz weKvk-Gi Rb¨ wkïi AwaKvimg~nÓ c~iY Kiv I j½b †iva Kivi †¶‡Î †Kvb ai‡bi ØvwqZ¡evnKMÖ“c Kx KvR Ki‡eb Zv wPwnèZ Ki‡Z n‡e|

15. Av‡iv ejyb †h, wkïi †eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki AwaKvi¸wj c~i‡Yi Rb¨ mivmwi mn‡hvwMZv , AvBb, bxwZgvjv BZ¨vw` mn Ab¨vb¨ cwiKvVv‡gv ˆZwi BZ¨vw` gv_vq †i‡L QK c~i‡Yi KvRwU Ki‡Z n‡e| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 15 wgwbU mgq w`b|

wkïi †eu‡P _vKv

wkïi †eu‡P _vKv msμvš— AwaKvi

cwievi mgvR we`¨vjq ivóª

Lv`¨ cywó ?

wkïi weKvk

cwievi mgvR we`¨vjq ivvóª

wk¶v gvbm¤§Z wk¶vi AwaKvi

53

16. `jxq KvR †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K`j Zv‡ì c~iYK…Z QK Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| GK`‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl nIqvi ci Ab¨`‡ji m`mïv Zv‡ì gZvgZ Rvbv‡e| 17. mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki“b|

54

Awa‡ekb 8

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_i¶vi g~jbxwZ

D‡Ïk¨ t GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY: - wkïi wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi g~jbxwZi ¸i“Z¡ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; - wkïi wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vq ØvwqZ¡evnK‡ì ØvwqZ¡ wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq t 1 N›Uv 30 wgwbU c×wZ t NUbv we‡k−lY DcKiY t 4wU Mí/NUbv cÎ cÖwμqv t 1| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K 4wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| 2| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K 1wU K‡i NUbv-cÎ mieivn Ki“b| ejyb †h, cÖ‡Z¨K `j Mí/NUbvwU we‡k−lY Ki‡e Ges wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© we‡ePbvq mswk−ó cÖkœwUi mwVK Reve HK¨g‡Zï wfwË‡Z ˆZwi Ki‡e | `jxq Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ mgq _vK‡e 7 wgwbU|

NUbvcÎ-1 gwbKvi eqm 17 eQi| †m fvj‡e‡m we‡q K‡i‡Q 24 eQi eqmx kv‡n`‡K| gwbKvi evev I kv‡n‡ì evev `yR‡bB kn‡ii bvgKiv abx eëmvqx, cÖfvekvjx e¨w³| gwbKv I kv‡n` †Mvc‡b we‡q K‡i‡Q| we‡qi ci kv‡n`‡ì evwo‡Z D‡V‡Q gwbKv| kv‡n‡ì evev Zv‡ì G we‡q †g‡b wb‡q‡Qb wKš‘ gwbKvi evev G we‡q †g‡b †bb wb| wZwb Av`vj‡Zi Avkªq wb‡q‡Qb| †g‡q‡K wb‡Ri Kv‡Q †diZ †c‡Z Pvb wZwb| Zvi g‡Z G we‡q A‰ea| wZwb †g‡qi m‡e©vËg ^v_© we‡ePbv K‡i †g‡q‡K †diZ cvIqvi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q‡Qb|

55

‡Q‡ji ev‡ci e³e¨ n‡jv: †g‡qi eqm 18 eQ‡ii Kg, Zviv we‡q K‡i Ab¨vq K‡i‡Q| wKš‘ ¯^vgx-¯¿x wnmv‡e ivwÎ hvc‡bi ci we‡q GLb êa| wZwb ej‡Qb, †g‡q‡K ev‡ci evwo cvVv‡j Zvi evev Zvi Ici AZ¨vPvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib, we‡q †f‡½ †Ìqvi Rb¨ †g‡qi Ici Pvc w`‡Z cv‡ib| Zv‡Z ywU Rxeb ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| gwbKv ej‡Q, †m fvj‡e‡m we‡q K‡i‡Q Ges GLb †m ¯^vgxi evox‡Z _vK‡Z Pvq|

Avcwb wePviK n‡j Kx ivq w`‡Zb? NUbvcÎ-2 iwngv LyeB Mixe N‡ii †g‡q| eqm 15 eQi| evwo‡Z †mw`b GKv †c‡q cvovi Ae¯’vcbœ cwiev‡ii hyeK KwjgywÏb Zv‡K al©Y K‡i| iwngvi evev G e¨vcv‡i _vbvq gvgjv K‡i| cvovi gyi“weŸiv ZLb iwngvi mv‡_ KwjgywÏb-Gi we‡q w`‡q †`q Avi KwjgywÏb‡K eva¨ K‡i iwngvi bv‡g 3 weNv Rwg wj‡L w`‡Z| GjvKvi gvbevwaKvi Kg©xiv al©Y-gvgjvi c‡¶ Ae¯’vb †bq Ges iwngvi evev‡K gvgjv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z e‡j| Zv‡ì g‡Z, we‡q KL‡bv al©Y gvgjvi wePvi n‡Z cv‡i bv| mKj wK‡kvixi wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z AvBbvb~M wePvi `vwe K‡i Zviv|

G †¶‡Î Avcbvi we‡ePbvq KiYxq Kx? NUbvcÎ-3 Avcbvi evmvq 13 eQi eqmx GK wK‡kvix KvR K‡i| ‡g‡qwU Avcbvi k¦ïic‡¶i `~i m¤ú‡K©i AvZ¥xq| evwo hvIqvi Rb¨ †g‡qwU mviv¶Y KvbœvKvwU K‡i| MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z Zvi ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³ gv †g‡qwUi fiY †cvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvi gv Pvq †g‡qwU Avcbvi evmv‡ZB _vKzK| wKš‘ Avcbvi ¯¿x Ges †Q‡j †g‡qiv †g‡qwUi KvbœvKvwU †`‡L Avi Zv‡K ivL‡Z Pvq bv| Gw`‡K †g‡qwU GKw`b ûgwK †`q †h, †m GKw`b cvwj‡q hv‡e|

56

Avcbvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡”Q †h, †g‡qwU mwZ¨ mwZ¨ GKw`b cvwj‡q hv‡e| G †¶‡Î Avcbvi cwiev‡ii KiYxq Kx? NUbvcÎ-4 GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq GjvKvq 7 †_‡K 8 eQi eqmx 4 Rb cÖwZeÜx wkï Av‡Q| GKRb AÜ, 2 Rb evK I 1 Rb gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx| evKcÖwZeÜx `yB Rb †g‡q, evwK yBRb †Q‡j| Giv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Mixe cwiev‡ii mš—vb| ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv hvq wb Zv‡ì| ¯‹zj KZ„©c¶ Zv‡ì fwZ© K‡iwb| Avcbwb hLb we`¨vjq eë ’vcbv KwgwUi mfvcwZ n‡jb _Lb Giv Zv‡ì AwffveK‡ì wb‡q Avcbvi Kv‡Q G‡jv ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv‡bvi Av‡e`b wb‡q? Kx Ki‡eb Avcwb? 3| `jxq Av‡jvPbv ïi“ Ki‡Z ejyb| 4| `jxq Av‡jvPbv †kl n‡j cÖ‡Z¨K `‡ji c¶ †_‡K 1 Rb‡K Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ_‡g,cÖwZwU `j me©m¤§wZμ‡g wm×v‡š— †cŠQ‡Z †Kv‡bv Amyweavi c‡owQj wKbv Zv Rvbv‡Z ejyb| GKwU `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j, H wel‡q Ab¨‡ì gZvgZ ‡R‡b wbb| gZvg‡Zi êcixZ¡ †`Lv †M‡j †m †¶‡Î msw¶ß weZK© Abyôvb-G mnvqZv Ki“b 5| meKwU `‡ji Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j ejyb †h, RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì GKwU g~jbxwZ n‡”Q Ôwkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶v| GwU wkï AwaKvi †cÖvMÖvwgs -GiI g~jbxwZ| 6| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wb‡q RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì 3bs Aby‡”Q` cÖ k©b Ki“b| † ^”Qvg~jK mn‡hvwMZvi wfwË‡Z AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 3 Rb‡K Aby‡”Q` Gi 3wU aviv co‡Z ejyb I e¨vL¨v K‡i eywS‡q w`‡Z ejyb| (AbïvI GB e¨vL¨v Kv‡R Ask wb‡Z cv‡ib) Ab¨‡ì gZvgZ wbb| Kv‡iv †Kv‡bv cÖkœ _vK‡j Zvi DËi w`b|

57

RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`

Aby‡”Q`-3

1. miKvwi Ges †emiKvwi mgvRKj¨vY cÖwZôvb, Av`vjZ, cÖkvmb ev AvBb

cÖYqbKvix e¨w³eM© †h-B †nvK bv †Kb wkï wel‡q †h-†Kvb ai‡bi Kvh©μ‡g

wkïi ^v_©B n‡e cÖ_g I cÖavb we‡ePbvi welq|

2. wkïi evev-gv, AvBbMZ AwffveK ev Ab¨ e¨w³ hviv AvBbMZfv‡e wkïi

`vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ Av‡Qb Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K wkïi Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨ meai‡bi `vwqZ¡

cvjb K‡i‡Qb wKbv †m wel‡q wbwðZ Kivi j‡¶¨ AskMÖnYKvix ivóªmg~n

AvBbMZ I cÖkvmwbK c`‡¶c MÖnY Ki‡e|

3. AskMÖnYKvix ivóª wkïi Rb¨ †mev I my‡hvM cÖ`vbKvix cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni Rb¨ cÖ‡hvR¨ gvb`Û `¶Zvi mv‡_ ZË¡veav‡bi welqwUi wbðqZv cÖ vb Ki‡e, we‡kl K‡i wkïi Rb¨ wbivcËv, ^v ’ , cÖwZôv‡bi Kg©Pvix‡ì msL¨v I Zv‡ì Dchy³ ZË¡veav‡bi welqwU|

7| Gevi, AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖwZ cÖkœ ivLyb - wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZ †Kb A‡bK mgq weZ‡K©i m„wó K‡i| AskMÖnYKvix‡ì gZvgZ wbb Ges Zv‡ì gZvg‡Zi g~j c‡q›U¸‡jv wd¬c Pv‡U© wjLyb| Zvici Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g Ôwkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶Ai bxwZi †¶‡Î weZ‡K©i KviY kxl©K UªvÝcv‡iÝx kxU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

wkïi m‡e©vËg ^v_© i¶vi bxwZi †¶‡Î weZ‡K©i KviY A‡bK †¶‡ÎB åvš— aviYvi Rb¨ wkïi m‡e©vËg ^v_© i¶vi bxwZ weZ‡K©i m„wó K‡i| g~jZ: wkïi m‡e©vËg ^v_©

- †K we‡ePbv Ki‡eb, - KLb we‡ePbv Ki‡eb, - †Kvb gvb`‡Û we‡ePbv Ki‡eb -

G¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e cvwjZ bv n‡j we‡kl weZ‡K©i m„wó nq|

58

8| Gevi, cy‡e©v³ 5wU `j‡K bx‡Pi 5wU ch©v‡q Ôwkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b KiYxq welq¸wj wPwýZ Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡Z¨K †¶‡Î D`vniY †hvM Ki‡Z Aby‡iva Ki“b 10 wgwbU| cwiev‡i we`¨vj‡q mgv‡R GbwRI-i Kg©m~wP‡Z ivóªxq ch©v‡q 9| Av‡jvPbv †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K `j Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi djvdj Dc¯’vcb Ki‡e| 10| 4wU `‡ji Av‡ivPbvi m~Î a‡i ejyb †h, wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v mswk−ó wel‡q wm×vš— †bIqvi mgq meKwU weK‡íi fv‡jvg›` wePvi Ki‡Z nq| Avi GB weKí¸wji g‡a¨ ÔGKwU gvÎÕ mwVK G welqwU gv_vq †i‡L †Kej ÔmwVKwUBÕ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| 11| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii gva¨‡g wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi Rb¨ KiYxq w`K¸wj cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

wkïi m‡e©vËg ^v_© i¶vq KiYxq

- wkïi/wkï‡ì gZvgZ Rvbyb (wkïi mKj gZvgZ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bvI n‡Z cv‡i) - wkïi Pvicv‡k hviv _v‡Kb Zv‡ì †_‡K Rvbyb| - AwfÁ (mswk−ó †¶‡Î we‡klÁ) e¨w³i civgk© w`b - AvBb e‡j †`Lyb/AvB‡bi mn‡hvwMZv wbb| - wkï I eo‡ì GKÎ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡qvRb Ki“b - ¯^í I `xN© †gqv`x djvdj we‡ePbv Ki“b - wkïi Ab¨vb¨ AwaKvi wewNœœZ n‡”Q bv wbwðZ Ki“b - wkïi †eu‡P _vKvi welqwU wkïi ¯^v_©i¶v wel‡qi †K›`ªg~‡j ivLyb |

AskMÖnYKvix‡ì AvnŸvb Rvbvb bZzb c‡q›U hy³ Kivi Rb¨| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

59

Awa‡ekb 9

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : AskMÖn‡Yi g~jbxwZ 1

D‡Ïk¨: GB Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixMY- - Òwkïi AskMÖn‡Yi AwaKviÓ ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì

Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v K‡i ej‡Z cvi‡eb; - eq¯‹‡ì mvg‡b wkïi ¯^vaxb gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki evavmg~n wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq t 1N›Uv c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, cÖ`k©b, f~wgKv Awfbq, †QvU`j cÖwk¶Y DcKiY/ mnvqK mvgMÖx: †nvqvBU †evW©, †evW© gvK©vi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i , wd¬ckxU I gvK©vi, UªvÝcv‡iwÝ kxU: AskMÖnY,RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb Aby‡”Q` 12, wkï AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Ab¨vb¨ Aby‡”Q`,wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi Zzjbvg~jK Ae¯’v; f~wgKv Awfb‡qi 2 wU welq-cÎ

cÖwμqv t

1. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K ¯^vMZ Rvbvb| 2. Awa‡ek‡bi wk‡ivbvg I D‡Ïk¨ Rvwb‡q w`b|

3. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì cÖkœ Ki“b- wkïi AskMÖnY ej‡Z wK eySvq? aviYv cÖKvk c×wZ‡Z cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki wbKU †_‡K Zvi aviYv †R‡b wbb|

4. †k‡l ejyb-Avgv‡ì KL‡bv KL‡bv †Kv‡bv Kg©Kv‡Û †hvM`vb‡K AskMÖnY e‡j _vwK| AskMÖnY ej‡Z cÖK…Zc‡¶ eySvq ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY ev f~wgKv cvjbÕ|

5. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ AskMÖn‡Yi GB msÁvwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

60

AskMÖnY AskMÖnY ej‡Z cÖK…Zc‡¶ eySvq ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY ev f~wgKv cvjbÕ

6. ejyb †h, Avgiv bvbv iKg Kv‡R †hvM`vb K‡i _vwK Avi ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡YÓ hLb †hvM †`B ZLb Zv‡K AskMÖnY ewj| GLb †_‡K AskMÖnY ej‡Z Avgiv †Kej ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Y AskMÖnY Ó Kivi K_v eyS‡ev|

7. Gevi ejyb †h, ÔcwiKíbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡YÓ AskMÖnY ev f~wgKv cvjbÕ Kiv nq gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki gva¨‡g| Avi RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb` wkï‡ì AskMÖnY ev gZvgZ cÖKvk-Gi AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q|

8. Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì 12 bs Aby‡”Q` cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

wkï AwaKvi mb`

Aby‡”Q`-12

1. gZvgZ MV‡b cwic° wkï wbR¯^ gZvgZ Ges aviYv cÖKv‡k Aeva ^vaxbZvi

AwaKvix| †mB mKj AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ wkï eqm Ges wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kivi ¶gZv

Abyhvqx GB mKj gZvgZ‡K hv‡Z h_vh_ ¸i“Z¡ †`qv nq AskMÖnYKvix ivómg~n

Zvi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e|

2. D‡Ï‡k¨ wkï‡K mywbw ©ó my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e †hb wkï wb‡R A_ev †Kvb cÖwZwbwa wKsev

†Kvb h_vh_ ms¯’vi gva¨‡g Zvi wbR ¯^v_© mswk−ó wePvi wefvMxq ev cÖkvmwbK

†gvKÏgvi †¶‡Î RvZxq AvB‡bi wewae× avivi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L Zviv K_v ej‡Z

cv‡i|

9. AskMÖnYKvix‡ì GKRb‡K 12 Aby‡”Q‡ì 1bs avivwU co‡Z ejyb| Gevi Ab¨ GKRb‡K

GwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb| Gevi Aci GKRb‡K 2bs avivwU co‡Z ejyb Ges †h †Kvb

61

GKRb‡K GwU e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z ejyb| cÖ‡qvR‡b wb‡R gZvgZ †hvM K‡i Av‡jvPbv‡K mg„×

Ki“b|

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68

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n‡q‡Q Zv ejvi ìKvi †bB|

14. cuvP wgwb‡Ui g‡a¨ Abykxjb KvRwU †kl Ki‡Z ejyb|

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69

17. Gici ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î wkïiv Kxfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv

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70

19. KvW© †bIqv †kl n‡j Gme †¶‡Î wkïiv Kxfv‡e Ask MÖnY Ki‡e Ges mswk−ó ‡¶‡Î eo‡ì fywgKv Kx n‡e cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 2 wgwbUKvj Zv wPš—v Ki‡Z ejyb|

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26. mKj‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ek‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki“b|

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16. wkï GKv‡Wgx MZ GK eQ‡i gvÎ 3wU eB cÖKvk K‡i‡Q |

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Awa‡ekb 12

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AwaKvi jsNb Kvix †K ev Kviv| Zv‡ì cwiPq I Zv‡ì mvgvwRK Ae ’vb: cÖ‡qvRb †¶‡Î bvg, c`we, Kg© cwiPq, ¯’vbxq bv evB‡ii, mvgvwRK ¶gZv KvVv‡gv‡Z Zv‡ì Ae¯’vb BZ¨vw` we¯—vwiZ Ki‡Z n‡e| mswk−ó ØvwqZ¡ evnK:mswk−ó ‡¶‡Î ØvwqZ¡evnK Kviv| g~L¨ ØvwqZ¡ evnK †K? Zv‡ì cwiPq Kx? ØvwqZ¡ evnK wb‡R hw` AwaKvi jsNbKvix nb †m †¶‡Î g~L¨ ØvwqZ¡evnK †K? ØvwqZ¡ evnK‡ìMÖ“‡c Avi Kviv Kviv Av‡QY? KiYxq: †Kvb& ØvwqZ¡evn‡Ki/evnKMÖ“‡ci ØvwqZ¡¸wj Kx Kx? AwaKvi c~i‡Y evav¸wj : evav¸wj Kx Kx? Øvwi`ª¨, Avw_©K mvg_©¨nxbZv? mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva mswk−ó wKQ~? Øvqe×Zvi Afve, Am‡PZbZv, e¨w³ ev MÖ“‡ci †Kv‡bv ¯^v_© msμvš— welq? A_ev, RvZxq cwjwm-i Afve, eivÏ †bB? A_ev Ab¨ wKQ~? 5| ejyb †h, 4wU `‡j fvM n‡q Avgiv QK c~i‡Yi KvR Ki‡ev| 7| AviI ejyb †h, QK c~i‡Yi mgq Avgiv Avgv‡ì Kg©m~wPi m‡½ RwoZ wkï, wkïi mgm¨v, wkïi AwaKvi Gi welq gv_vq †i‡L KvR Ki‡eb| 8| 4wU `j MVb Ki“b| 1g I 3q `j‡K 1 b¤î QK Ges 2q I 4_© `j‡K 2 b¤î QK c~iY Ki‡Z AvnŸvb Rvbvb| Avi GKv‡Ri Rb¨ mgq _vK‡e 40 wgwbU|

9| `jxq Av‡jvPbv I QK c~i‡Yi mgq `j¸wj‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv w`b|

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Awa‡ekb 13

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv - j¶¨ wba©viY

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv

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4| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨-Gi Kx Kx êwkó¨ Zv R&b‡ev| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨-Gi êwkó¨ cÖ`k©b Ki“b| wkï AwaKvi wfwËK j¶¨-Gi ‰ewkó¨ mg~n

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5| ejyb †h, Gevi Avgiv Ôj¶¨Õ wba©viY Abykxjb Ki‡ev| KvRwU Ki‡ev †QvU `‡j Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z| 6| AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−l‡Y †h 4wU `‡j KvR K‡i‡Qb †mB GKB `‡j †_‡K j¶¨ MV‡bi KvRwU Ki‡eb| e‡j w`b †h, cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY QK †_‡K Ôj¶¨Õ MV‡bi Dcv`vb msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e| `jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ mgq †Ìqv n‡e 15 wgwbU| 7| `jxq KvR ïi“ nIqvi cy‡i LvwbKUv `‡ji mgmïv hLb Ôj¶¨Õ wba©vi‡Y †ek wKQzUv AMÖmi n‡q‡Qb e‡j g‡b n‡e, ZLb cÖ‡Z¨K `‡j ÔPvwn`v wfwËK cÖKí j¶¨ I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px j¶¨Õi Kwc mieivn Ki“b| `‡ji cÖwZ AvnŸvb ivLyb †h, Zviv †hb Ôj¶¨Õ evK¨ †jLvi mgq mwVK cš’vwU Aej¤^b K‡ib| 8| `jxq KvR †kl n‡j me KwU `‡ji c¶ †_‡K Zv Dc¯’vcb †kl n‡j Ab¨ `j †_‡K j¶¨ evK¨wU Av‡iv DbœZ Kivi civgk© w`‡Z ejyb| 9| Gevi Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ ÔPvwn`v wfwËK cÖKí j¶¨ I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px j¶¨Õ cÖ`k©b Ki“b Ges yB ai‡bi j‡¶ï Ici Db¥y³ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z ejyb|

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Pvwn`v wfwËK cÖKí j¶¨ I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px j¶¨ Pvwn`v wfwËK Kg©m~Pxi j¶¨ AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Pxi j¶¨

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ev‡Mi nvU †Rjvi mKj ¯‹zjMvgx eq‡mi wkï wk¶vi AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡e

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we`¨vj‡q, cwiev‡i, Kg©¯’‡j, mgv‡R mKj wkï mKj cÖKvi wbh©vZb †_‡K myi¶v jvf Ki‡e

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81

Awa‡ekb 14

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv - D‡Ïk¨ MVb

D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv - wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨-ev‡Kï KvVv‡gv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| - SMART-Gi Av‡jv‡K wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨ MVb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| - wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPi j¶¨,D‡Ï‡kï Av‡jv‡K Kvh©vejx I m~PK wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

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5 gvÎv cwieZ©b

1. wkï I Zi“Y‡ì Rxeb gv‡bi cwieZ©b

2. wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AwaKvi c~i‡Y bxwZgvjvq, bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©b

3. wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AskMÖnY Ges mwμq bvMwiKZvq cwieZ©b

4. mgZv I êlg¨nxbZvi cwieZ©b

5. wkï‡ì mn‡hvwMZvi Rb¨ mykxj mgvR I Kgy¨wbwUi m¶gZvq/mvg‡_© cwieZ©b

82

4| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY †_‡K ÔKxÕ cwieZ©b NUv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb, AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z ‡KvbwU Av‡M NUv‡Z n‡e, Avi Gi cÖ‡Z¨KwU KZ †ewk cwie©Zb NUv‡e-G cÖ‡kœi Av‡jv‡K D‡Ïk¨ w¯’i Ki‡Z n‡e| 5| AviI ejyb †h, mgm¨v D‡ë w`‡j D‡Ïk¨ MVb n‡q hvq - G iKg GKwU K_v Avgiv e‡j _vwK| AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi ÔD‡Ïk¨Õ MVb Kivi †¶‡Î mgm¨vi w`K QvovI mgm¨vi KviY, djvdj Ges mgm¨v mgvav‡bi c‡¶ Aš—ivq I `vwqZ¡evn‡Ki `vwqZ¡ (AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb Rvbv‡bv, AwaKvi myi¶v Ges AwaKvi c~iY Kiv) G me w`‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e| 6| Gevi AskMÖnYKvix‡ì‡K AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨ ev‡Kï AšZ©MZ welq e¨vL¨v Ki“b| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ wbgœwjwLZ kã¸wj cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

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83

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84

Awa‡ekb 15

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY t ev¯—evqb

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85

5| ejyb †h, wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px ev¯—evq‡bi †mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb GKwU aviYvMZ g‡Wj ˆZwi K‡i‡Q| G‡K 3 ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq| 6| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ 3 ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px ev¯—evqb

3 ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj

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10| Gevi w3b ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj kxl©K n¨vÛAvBUwU weZiY Ki“b Ges ÷vwW mv‡K©‡j gva¨‡g n¨vÛAvBUwU cv‡Vi eë¯’v wbb|

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86

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87

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88

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wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY t cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb

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89

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AskMÖnY

Best Interest of the Child

Changes in the lives of children and young people

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94

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99

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100

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mieivn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? wkï‡ì wb‡R‡ì weKwkZ Kivi ¶gZv‡K gh©v`v †`qv

n‡q‡Q wK?

wkï‡ì cÖwZwbwZ¡ K‡i‡Q wkï‡ì Øviv wbe©vwPZ wkï bv eq¯‹‡ì Øviv g‡bvbxZ

wkï?

wkï‡ì †Kv‡bv AvcwË cybw©e‡ePbv Kiv n‡qwQj wK?

mKj wkï hv‡Z AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ wKQy we‡kl eë¯’v †bqv n‡q‡Q

wK? evjK-evwjKviv hv‡Z †R‡b ey‡S wb‡R‡ì cQ›` w¯’i Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨

wK ai‡bi mvnvh¨ Kiv n‡q‡Q?

cwiKíbv P~ovš— Kivi mgq wkï‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi e¨ ’v wQj wK? Gmgq

wkïiv †Kv‡bv cÖ¯—ve wb‡q _vK‡j Zv MÖnY Kiv n‡qwPj wK? A_ev MÖnY bv Kivi

welqwU wkï‡ì mv‡_ ‡Lvjv‡gjv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g w¯_i Kiv n‡qwQj wK?

wkk‡ì AskMÖnY evov‡bvi R‡b¨ Ges gvbm¤úbœ Kivi Rb¨ cÖ ‘Z Kiv n‡qwPj

wK?

cwiKíbvKv‡j eo‡ì mv‡_ wkï‡ì Av‡jvPbvq wØ-gywL †hvMv‡hvM cÖwμAv

Kvh©Kix wQj wK?

cÖKí cwiKíbv I ev¯—evq‡b mswkó evjK-evwjKv‡ì gZvgZ wK PvIqv n‡q‡Q

Ges Zv‡ì gZvg‡Zi wfwË‡Z wK wK eë¯’v †bIqv n‡q‡Q?

101



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êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ

GB cÖKí ev Kg©m~wP wK †Kvb GKwU MÖ“‡ci wkï‡ì AwaKZi †fv‡Mi welq

wb‡q KvR Ki‡Q hv Ab¨ MÖ“‡ci wkïiv †fvM Ki‡Q bv? hw` ZvB nq, †mUv wK Dchy³ KvR n‡”Q?


cÖKí ev¯—evq‡bi mgq wkï‡ì m‡e©vËg ^v_©i¶vi bxwZwU me‡P‡q eo K‡i


GLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ Avi wK wK ¯^v_© RwoZ i‡q‡Q Ges we‡ivac~Y© welq¸wji wb®úwË

wKfv‡e Kiv n‡q‡Q?


¶wZMÖ¯— wkï‡ì AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z mn‡hvwMZv †Ìqv n‡qwQj wK ? wkïi weKvk we‡ivax mbvZb aviYvi wei“‡× Ae¯’vb †bŠqv n‡qwQj wL?

AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ

wkï‡ì Dci cÖfve †d‡j Ggb †Kvb wKQy Kivi mgq hv‡Z Zv‡ì gZvgZ‡K

we‡ePbvq †bIqv nq †m Rb¨ miKvi I Ab¨vb¨ AskMÖnYKvixi wbKU ZwØi Kiv

n‡q‡Q wK? wkï‡ì Kv‡Q cÖ`Ë Z_¨ Ggbfv‡e †`qv n‡q‡Q wK hv Zviv eyS‡Z

cv‡i?

wkï‡ì msMwVZ Kivi †Kv‡bv D†`¨vM †bIqv n‡qwQj wK?


ØwqZ¡ evnK‡Ì Revewnwn Kivi †Kv‡bv eë ’v wQj wK? †m ¯ú‡K© wkï‡Ì Rvbv‡bvi eë ’v Kiv n‡qwQj wK?

Revew`wn PvŠqvi R‡b¨ wkï‡Ì DØy× Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? Wkï‡Ì KvQ †_‡K †h †Kv‡bv cÖkœ Avnevb Kiv n‡h‡Q wK? Reve PvIqvi Av‡M AbywgZ cÖ‡kœi Reve †`Šqvi †Póv wQj wK? wkï‡ì cÖkœ _vwg‡q †Ìhvi/Reve Gwo‡q hvIqvi „óvš— wQj wK?

102

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY we‡‡k−lY QK


cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb

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cÖK‡í/Kg©m~wPwU‡Z wj½ welqwU‡K wK MZvbyMwZK I cÖ_vgvwdK Dc ’vcb Kiv

n‡q‡Q, bvwK G e¨vcv‡i cwieZ©b‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?





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‡KD †ewk jvfevb, †KD Kg jvfevb n‡q‡Q- Ggb `„óvš— mOMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q

wK?


wkïi m‡e©vËg ^v_©i¶v K‡i wm×vš— MÖnY bv Kivi „óvš— msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? G †¶‡Î wkï †h ai‡Yi mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q, †h †h AwaKvi jswNZ n‡q‡Q Zvi weeiY msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?


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wK?

Kg©m~wP PjvKv‡j †Kv‡bv `y‡h©v‡M cwZZ ev ¶wZMÖ — wkï‡K AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z

mn‡hvwMZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?

‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki Rb¨ KvVv‡gvMZ †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b Avbv n‡q‡Q wK?

AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ

wkï‡ì mKj MÖ“‡ci wkk‡ì gZvgZ †bIqv n‡qwQj wK? cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb wU‡g I cÖwμqvq wkï cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj wK? msMwVZ wkï MÖ‡ci cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj wK?

103

cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘‡Zi mgq wkïi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj wK?


cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv I Zv ev¯—evq‡b wkky‡ì †Kv‡bv AvcwË ev Aby‡hvM D_&_vc‡bi eë¯’v wQj wK?

wkï KZ©„K eo‡ì Revew`wn Kivi Rb¨ cÖwμqv Pvjy n‡q‡Q wKbv? Revew`wn Kivi mgq wkï‡ì AvPi‡Y „pZv _v‡K wK? wkï‡ì Revew`wn PvIqvi †iKW© msi¶‡Yi eë ’ wQj wK?

8| cÖ‡Z¨K`‡ji m`m¨‡ì‡K ejyb c~iY Kiv QK -Gi mv‡_ Zv‡ì ˆZix †PKwj÷ wgwj‡q wb‡Z| 9| me‡k‡l ejyb †h, GB QK n‡”Q wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Ki‡Yi mvivrmvi iƒc| mevB‡K abëv` Rvwb‡q Awa‡ekb †kl Ki“b|

104

Awa‡ekb 18

wkï AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv

- wkï AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb-Gi msÁv ej‡Z cvi‡eb| - wkk~ AwaKviwfwËK msMV‡bi cvjbxq g~jbxxZgvjvmg~n e¨Lv¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

mgq t 1N›Uv 30 wgwbU c×wZ t aviYv cÖKvk, †QvU`j, cÖ`k©b DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t wd¬c kxU, gvK©vi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, ¯−vBW: AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb-Gi msÁv, wkï AwaKvi

wfwËK msMVb-Gi msÁv,wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv; wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv n¨vÛ AvDU|

cÖwμqv t

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105

6| ejyb †h, GKBfv‡e wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb ej‡Z Avgiv Ggb msMVb‡K eyS‡ev †h msMVb h_v_©B gvbevwaKvi g~j¨‡eva I bxwZgvjv Øviv cwiPvwjZ Avi †h msMVb Zvi wfkb, wgkb Øviv wkï AwaKvi cÖwZôvi Rb¨ A½xKvive× Ges cÖ‡hvR¨ kZ© mg~n cÖK…ZB cvjb K‡i wkï AwaKviwfwËK Kg©m~wPKiY K‡i _v‡K| 7| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKvi wfwËK msMVbÓ kxl©K ¯−vBWwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b| 8| Gevi ejyb †h, wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ 5 wU| †m¸wj n‡”Q: êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ, AvZ¥gh©v`v, kª×v I b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ, Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ, AskMÖnY I ¶gZvq‡bi g~jbxwZ Ges I wkï‡ì mv‡_ KvR Kivi g~jbxwZ| 7| Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Òwkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjvÓ kxl©K ¯−vBWwU cÖ`k©b Ki“b|

wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ AvZ¥gh©v`v, kª×v Ges b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ AskMÖnY I ¶gZvq‡bi g~jbxwZ wkï‡ì mv‡_ KvR Kivi g~jbxwZ

8| Gici AskMÖnYKvix‡ì 5 wU `‡j fvM Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨K `j‡K Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z 5 g~jbxwZgvjvi cÖ‡Z¨K wel‡q e¨vL¨v uvo Kiv‡Z ejyb| Avi G Kv‡Ri Rb¨ 20 wgwbU mgq w`b| `jxq A‡jvPbv †k‡l cÖ‡Z¨K`j‡K Zv‡ì Av‡jvPbvi djvdj wd¬c kx‡U wjL‡Z ejyb| 9| `jxq A‡jvPbv Ges wd¬c wk‡U †jLvi KvR †kl n‡j djvdj Dc¯’vcbvi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K `j †_‡K Zv‡ì cÖªwZwbwa‡ì Avnevb Rvbvb| cÖ‡Z¨K`‡ji Dc ’vcb †k‡l Ab¨ `‡ji m`mïv Zv‡ì gZvgZ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb |

10| Gevi, AskMÖnYKvix‡ì g‡a¨ wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ kxl©K n¨vÛ AvDUwU weZiY Ki“b Ges ÷vwW mv‡K©j c×wZ‡Z Zv cv‡Vi eë¯’v wbb|

106

wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ

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Kvh©Z Avgv‡ì cÖwZôv‡b êlg¨ n«vmKi‡Yi A_© ùvovqÑ

Ggb GKUv Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv †hLv‡b êwPÎ ev wfbœZv‡K cÖ‡Yv`bv †Ìqv nq Ges hvi j¶¨ AmgZv I Kzms¯‹vi‡K ~i Kiv, †hgb Kg©iZ RbK-Rbbx‡ì Kv‡Ri myweavRbK mgq wbe©vPb Kiv, cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv|

†h wfbœZvi cwiw¯’wZi I KwgDwbwUi †cÖ¶vc‡U Avgiv KvR Kie, Zvi m‡½ msMwZ †i‡L Ggb Kgx© evwnbx M‡o Zzje, hv‡Z †mB wfbœZvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _v‡K, †hgbÑ wb‡qvMwewa‡K †mfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv|

Ggb GKwU Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv †hLv‡b cÖwZwU e¨w³i Rb¨ _vK‡e m¤§vb| †m Zvi Kv‡Ri mgq gh©v`v eRvq ivL‡Z cvi‡e, Ges wb‡R‡K nqivbx †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †hgbÑ Dchy³ AvPiYwewa|

cÖwZôv‡bi wewa-eë¯’vq êlg¨nxbZvi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv I Mrevav eë ’vi evB‡i wM‡q †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqv, †hgbÑ êlg¨nxbZvi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i cy¯—K-cyw¯—Kv cÖKvk|

Kgx©iv hv‡Z cwi®‹vifv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡i wK Zv‡ì Kv‡Q hv cÖZ¨vkv Kiv n‡”Q Zvi Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv I msjv‡ci my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv| Zv‡ì bxwZgvjv, Kvh©wewa, wewa-weavb, BZ¨vw` wel‡q nvjbvMv` Z_¨ mieivn K‡i mg„× Kiv| †hgbÑ Kgx© g~j¨vqb c×wZ (staff review mechanism)|

μgvMZ e„w× †c‡Z _vKv wewfbœ êwPÎ¨m¤^wjZ cÖwZôvb‡K cwiPvjbv Kiv| GLv‡b Ø›Ø nq‡Zv evo‡Z _vK‡e Ges †mUv‡K MVbg~jK I D™¢vebx c‡_ cwiPvjbv K‡i Ávb I AwfÁZv AR©b Kiv|

107

AvZ¥gh©v`v, kª×v Ges b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ

AwaKvi‡Kw›`ªK cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni g‡¯—v eo wPš—vi welq n‡”Q †h, wKfv‡e Zviv cÖvwZôvwbK wePvi-we‡ePbvq AZ¨š— DbœZ gvb eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i, Zvi c_ wba©viY Kiv Ges †m¸‡jv cÖwZôv‡bi mKj Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b A_©vr mKj Kv‡R eënvi wbwðZ Kiv (AvPiY-wewa, bxwZgvjv, BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖwZdwjZ Kiv)|

cÖwZôvb‡K G e¨vcv‡i wbivcËv eë¯’v, ^v ’ eë ’v, wbivc‡` ivLvi eë¯’v BZ¨vwì ev¯—evqb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Kgx©‡ì cÖksmv I cyi®‹vi ch©š— cÖwZwU wel‡q eë¯’v wb‡Z nq|

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GKwU cÖwZôvb G e¨vcv‡i hw` Ggb c×wZ MÖnY K‡i, hv ÔcÖvwZôvwbK mywePviÕ‡K gvby‡li mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i, Zv Kvh©Kifv‡e ÷vd‡ì ˆbwZKZv, DØy×KiY Ges ÷vd‡ì PvKzwi Z¨vM bv Kivi cÖeYZvi c‡¶ g~jgš¿ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i Ges cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡ii cwim‡i cÖwZôv‡bi AR©‡bi Ges cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨š—‡i cÖfv‡ei †¶‡ÎI Gi A‡kl Ae`vb iv‡L|

Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ

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wewaeë ’vi (mechanism) g‡a¨ Av‡Q wbhyw³i Pzw³cÎ; Kvh©cwiwa, cwiKíbv I ev‡RU, cÖZ¨vkvi my¯úó weeiY, †hvM¨Zvi msÁv, AewnZKi‡Yi (reporting)-Gi eë¯’v, AwWU wewagvjv, mgvavK…Z Kv‡Ri wdWe¨vK c×wZmn eë¯’vcbv c×wZ Ges 360 wWMÖx G¨v‡cÖvPmg~n, bvwjk I k„•Ljv m¤úwK©Z wewa, †hvMv‡hvM Ges Z_¨cÖevn; Db¥y³Zv I ¯^”QZv|

Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZi †K‡›`ª Av‡Q hviv AwaKv‡ii ¯^Z¡evb (GB †¶‡Î †h e¨w³ cÖwZôv‡bi KvR Ki‡Qb) Zviv †hb cy‡ivcywifv‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡i †Kvb †Kvb AwaKvi Zvi cÖvc¨ Ges †m hw` Zvi †Kvb AwaKvi `vex K‡i †m †hb †mUv mn‡R Ki‡Z cv‡i|

108

AskMÖnY I ¶gZvq‡bi g~jbxwZ

cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ Kvh©Kifv‡e AskMÖn‡Yi eë¯’v _vK‡j Zv †hvMv‡hvM I civgk© cÖwμqvq, wm×vš— MÖnY c×wZ‡Z Ges kvmb cwiPvjbvi KvVv‡gv I e‡›`ve‡¯— Zvrch©c~Y© cÖfve †d‡j|

÷vd‡ì ¶gZvqb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡j cÖwZôv‡b Ab¨vb¨ g~jbxwZ †_‡K wPwýZ Kiv A‡bK¸wj e‡›`ve¯— _vK‡Z n‡e| GQvovI ‡Kvb wKQyi MÖnY ev cÖeZ©b c×wZ, Dchy³ mg_©‡bi my‡hvM, m¤ú` eivÏ, `vwqZ¡ n¯—vš—i, ewa©Z nevi my‡hvM, A¯’vqxfv‡e `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb, wbqg Abyhvqx KvR, cwiex¶Y, Ges GiKg bvbvwea welq Gi m‡½ RwoZ|

†hLv‡b Kgx©iv ¶gZvwqZ Ges cÖwZôv‡bi fv‡jvg‡›ì m‡½ cy‡ivcywi hy³ nq, †mLv‡b DØy×KiY, m„wókxjZv, Drcv`bÑ mewKQyB e„w× cvq|

Z‡e cÖZxKxfv‡e Ki‡jB wec`| †hgbÑ †Kvb GKwU Bmy¨‡Z LyeB Kvh©Kifv‡e wm×vš— †bevi ci †mB Bmy¨ wb‡q mnKgx©‡ì m‡½ kjvcivgk© Ki‡j Zviv ¶zä n‡eB| G‡Z Zv‡ì AvZ¥wek¦vm n«vm cvq| Aciw`‡K Kg Kv‡R AwZwi³ Kgx© jv‡M Ges Kv‡Ri gvb K‡g hvq|

wkï‡ì mv‡_ KvR Kivi g~jbxwZ

wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v

wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi Rb¨ †Kvb cÖwZôvb Ggb GKwU Kvh©Ki eë ’v ivL‡e hvi d‡j GKw`‡K Zviv GUv wbwðZ Ki‡e †h Zv‡ì KvRK‡g© wkï‡ì ¯^v_© I AwaKvi ¶zYœ n‡”Q bv; Aciw`‡K Zviv hLb hv wm×vš— †bq Zvi cÖv_wgK we‡ePbvB nq wkïi ¯^v_© I AwaKv‡ii cÖPvi I cÖmvi| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q wkï‡ì wbivcËv `vbKvix Ggb GKwU AvPiYwewa wbR Kgx© I Askx`vi‡ì g‡a¨ cÖeZ©b I KwVbfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv, hv‡Z wkï‡ì m¤¢ve¨ ¶wZ h_vm¤¢e mvgvb¨ nq, Ges Ggb GKwU e‡›`ve¯— Pvjy Kiv hvi Rb¨ wkï‡ì we‡kl K‡i cÖvwš—K I `y`©kvMÖ¯— Ae¯’v‡b _vKv wkï‡ì m‡e©v”P DcKvi cvevi †h †Kvb D‡`¨vM I my‡hvM-myweavi eë ’v m`vme© v mg_©b cvq| Dciš‘ GLv‡b cÖfve g~j¨vq‡biI (impact evaluation) GKwU e‡›`ve¯— _vK‡Z n‡eÑ BwZevPK I ¶wZKi †h cÖfveB co–K bv †Kb Zv Rvb‡Z n‡e| G m‡ei Rb¨ hv hv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †m m‡ei g‡a¨ _vK‡e ms‡kvwaZ wb‡qvM c×wZ, Kgx©‡ì Rb¨ AvPiYMZ wewagvjv, wkïevÜe cwimi ˆZwi Kiv; m¤úv`b (performance) eë ’vcbv c×wZ, cÖfve g~j¨vqb, ˆbwZK (ethical) wewb‡qvM|

109

wkï‡ì AskMÖnY I wkï‡ì wbKU Revew`wnZv

Kv‡RK‡g© wmAviwc G¨v‡cÖvP cÖ‡qvM Kivi A_© n‡jv Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi †cÖ¶vc‡U †Kej wkïi gZvgZ †kvbv bq, Zv‡ì‡K cÖwZôv‡bi mKj Kv‡RÑ Ggb Kx Zvi †KŠkjMZ cQ›`, cwiex¶Y, g~j¨vqb c×wZi gZ Kv‡R m¤ú„³ Kiv, †mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb-Gi gZ cÖwZôv‡b wkï‡ì cwiPvjbv eë¯’vq wKfv‡e Ges KZ ~i wb‡qvwRZ Kiv hvq Zv GLbI †`Lvi welq| wKš‘ Avgiv hviv eq¯‹, Avgv‡ì GRb¨ ¸i“ `vwqZ¡ enb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì me ai‡bi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †mLvb †_‡K wk¶vjvf Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cv‡iÑ

wkï‡ì‡K cvwiPvjbv KvVv‡gvi Ask Kiv;

wkï‡ì‡K cwiKíbv c×wZi Ask Kiv;

wkï‡ì cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb c×wZi D™¢veb, ev¯—evqb I cybwe©‡ePbvKi‡Yi Ask Kiv;

cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨š—‡i my‡hvM-myweav I m¤ú` hv‡Z eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ wkïevÜe cwimi ˆZwi Kiv;

‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ †KŠkj‡K wkïevÜe Kiv|

cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjbv c×wZ‡Z wkï‡ì Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ Kiv n‡j Zv wkï‡ì wbKU cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi †¶‡Î Av‡iv DbœwZ NUv‡e| hwÌ GUvB GKgvÎ e‡›`ve¯— bq| GKwU wkï AwaKviwfwËK cÖwZôvb me©‡Zvcv‡q wkï‡ì, Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii I KwgDwbwUi wbKU `vqe× _vK‡e| AvBbMZ evaëvaKZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K Uªvw÷ †evW©, †¯^”Qv‡meK, `vZv Ges iv‡óªi Kv‡Q GLb †h Revew`wn Ki‡Z nq, Zv‡KI AwZμg K‡i †h‡Z n‡e|


110

Awa‡ekb 19

wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb D‡Ïk¨ t Awa‡ekb †k‡l AskMÖnYKvixiv

- wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi mej I ~e©j w`KM~wj wPwnèZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

- ‡Kvm©wU Av‡iv DbœZ Kivi Rb¨ m~wbw`©ó civgk© cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb& mgq t 1N›Uv c×wZ t cÖkœcÎ c~iY, aviYv cÖKvk, †QvU`j, cÖ`k©b DcKiY/mnvqK mvgMÖx t wd¬c kxU, gvK©vi, Ifvi‡nW cÖ‡R±i, ¯−vBW: AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb-Gi msÁv, wkï AwaKvi

wfwËK msMVb-Gi msÁv,wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv; wkky AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv n¨vÛ AvDU|

cÖwμqv t 1| mevB‡K ¯^vMZ: Rvbvb| Awa‡ek‡bi D‡Ïk¨ ¯úó Ki“b|

2| AskMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb cÎ weZiY Ki“b|

cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb cÎ 1| wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi †Kvb 3wU welq Avcbvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk fvj †j‡M‡Q? K) L) M)

112

¯−vBW

113

Awa‡ekb 1 cwiPqce©, cÖwk¶Y D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY cÖwk¶‡Yi D‡Ïk¨mg~n ‡Kvm© mgvwß‡Z AskMÖnYKvixiv

AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v welqK ZË¡MZ w`K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi ZË¡MZ I cÖv‡qvwMK Ávb, `¶Zv I †KŠkj

we‡k−lY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi 5 g~jbxwZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw ’wZ

we‡k−lY, Kg©m~wP cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb Kivi †KŠkj e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

114

Awa‡ekb 2 gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi

AwaKvi gvby‡li †Kv‡bv Pvwn`v hLb †Kv‡bv mgvR, ivóª, cÖwZôvb, AvÂwjK ev Avš—R©vwZK msMVb ev †Kv‡bv ‡NvlYv, bxwZgvjv, AvBb, Pzw³, cÖwZkÖ“wZ Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z nq A_©vr hLb ‰eaZv jvf K‡i ZLb Zv‡K AwaKvi e‡j| GK K_vq ˆea,Aby‡gvw`Z,¯^xK…Z Pvwn`vB AwaKvi| AwaKv‡ii kZ© n‡”Q AwaKvi hvi Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z, AwaKvi cyi‡Yi ØvwqZ¡I Zvi|

AwaKvi‡K †KD †KD cÖ‡qvRb ev Pvwn`vi mv‡_ wgwk‡q †dj‡Z cv‡ib| †m †¶‡Î ejyb †h, †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb ev Pvwn`v evuPvi Rb¨ Ri“ix n‡Z cv‡i Avi ZLb Zv AvBb ev bxwZ aviv mg_©‡bi `vwe cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ mgw_©Z bv nIqv ch©š— Zv ÔAwaKviÕ bq| cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`v †_‡KB ÔAwaKviÕ -Gi Rb¥ G welqwU ¯úó K‡i e¨vL¨v Ki“b|

115

AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy):

wbæwjwLZ Dcv‡q GKwU ÔAwaKviÕ wcivwgW ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i: 1. Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi 2. RvZxq AvBbx AwaKvi 2.1 msweavb 2.2 RvZxq AvBb †hgb, wmwfj †KvW, †cbvj †KvW Ges †jevi †KvW 2.3 bxwZgvjv Ges weavbmg~n 3. mvs¯‹…wZK Ges mvgvwRK wbqg I g~j¨‡evamg~n GB AwaKvi KvVv‡gv Avš—R©vwZK/BD‡ivcxq AvBb e¨e¯’v wfwËK hv AwaKvsk ‡`k (wKš‘ me †`k bq) Øviv



116

gvbevwaKvi gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q Avš—R©vwZKfv‡e ¯^xK„Z KZ¸‡jv AvBwb wbivcËvi wbðqZv hv cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K Zvi ¯^vaxbZv I gvbweK gh©v`v AUzU ivL‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| gvbevwaKvi n‡”Q †gŠwjK Ges kZ©nxb cig AwaKvi hv GKRb gvbyl wnmv‡e cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB cÖvc¨|


mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ

`vwqZ¡ evnK‡`i eva¨evaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZ

117










(ICESCR)1










msμvš— mb`



118

B›Uvib¨vkbvj wej Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm

1949 w` BDwbfvm©vj wWK¬v‡ikb Ae wnDg¨vb ivBUm ev gvbevwaKv‡ii me©Rbxb †NvlYv (UDHR)

1966 w` B›Uvib¨vkbvj †Kv‡fbv›U Ae wmwfj G¨vÛ cwjwUK¨vj ivBUm ev bvMwiK I ivR‰bwZK AwaKvi m¤úwK©Z Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICCPR)


A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKvi welqK Avš—R©vwZK †Kv‡fb¨v›U (ICESCR)

119

cuvP ¸”Q wkï AwaKvi

wkïi †e‡uP _vKv (Survival) wkïi weKvk (Development) wkïi wbivcËv (Protection) wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation) ev¯—evqb I m‡PZbZv (Implementation and

Awareness)

wkïi †e‡uP _vKv (Survival) GB ¸‡”Qi AwaKvi¸‡jv wkïi c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P _vKvi Ges AR©b‡hvM¨ m‡e©v”Pgv‡bi ¯^v¯’¨ I wPwKrmv †mev cvIqvi AwaKvi¸‡jv‡K wb‡`©k K0‡i| g~jZ: Aby‡”Q` 6-G mivmwi †eu‡P _vKvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Aby‡”Q` bs 7, 9, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35 Ges 38 survival AwaKv‡ii Aš—f©~³ | G Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv g~jZ: hv hv wbwðZ K‡i Zv wbæiƒct cywóKi Lvevi mieivn, cwiev‡i I mgv‡R wkïi jvjb cvjb I hZœ, ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi (health care) ‡mevmg~n, Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `¶Zv BZ¨vw`|

wkïi weKvk (Development) wkïi weKvk ch©v‡hi Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv g~jZ: †Ljvayjv, we‡bv`b, mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©μ‡g AskMÖnY Ges hveZxq AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK wk¶vi gva¨‡g wkïi kvixwiK, gvbwmK, AvwZ¥K, ˆbwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœqb wbwðZ K‡i| 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31 - G Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv G AwaKv‡ii G‡KKwU Ask wnmv‡e aiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wkïi wbivcËv (Protection) ‰elg¨, wbh©vZb Ges Ae‡njv †_‡K wkï‡ì i¶v Kiv, cwievi I ev¯‘nviv wkï‡ì myi¶v GB Protection rights -Gi Aš—M©Z| G me AwaKv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask wnmv‡e CRC mb‡ì 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 -G Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv G AwaKv‡ii G‡KKwU Ask wnmv‡e aiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation) g~jZ: Aby‡”Q` 12 -†Z mivmwi wkk~i AskMÖn‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Participation AwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wkïi wbR¯^ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K evK-¯^vaxbZv I Zvi eqm I maturity Abyhvqx Zvi e³‡eï cÖvavb¨ cvIqv| G AwaKvi wkï‡ì mgv‡R I RvwZ‡Z mwμq AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i| Participation -Gi Aš—M©Z 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 24, 28, 29, 31, 42 -Gi ¸i“Z¡c~Y©

120

Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv ‡hme welq‡K Aš—f©~³ K‡i Zv n‡j: wkïi gZvgZ Ges g‡bvfve cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, msNe× nevi ¯^vaxbZv, cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ mieivn BZ¨w` |

ev¯—evqb I m‡PZbZv (Implementation and Awareness)

GB ch©v‡hi Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv cÖK…Zc‡¶ CRC -Gi †gŠwjK KvVv‡gvymn Zvi ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y I wi‡cvwU©s m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì aviYv †`q| GwU mKj wkï‡ì AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Yi j‡¶¨ m¤ú` mg~‡ni m‡e©v”P wbwðZ K‡i| CRC-i ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g wkï AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ GwU Avš—R©vwZK, RvZxq, ag©xq Ges ¯’vbxq †cÖ¶vcU Dc‡hvMx KvVv‡gv ˆZix K‡i| Aby‡”Q` bs- 1, 2, 4, 5, 18, 26, 27, 41-54 GB Mobilization rights Gi Aš—f©~³| Gi Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv AviI hv hv wbwðZ K‡i Zv n‡jt wkïi msÁv, cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb ms‡kvab, RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZK m¤ú` mg~‡ni m‡e©v”P eënvi. wcZvgvZv I AvBbMZ Awffve‡Ki cÖwZ kª×v‡eva, ivóªxq ev mvgvwRK wbivcËv weavb, wbqwgZ wi‡cvwU©s I gwbUwis BZ¨vw`|

121






(Aby‡”Q`-4)


122

Awa‡ekb 3 AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I `vwqZ¡evnK

`vwqZ¡ evn‡Ki 3 `vwqZ¡

wkï AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡b `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì cÖavb `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q

a. wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb (Respect ) cÖ k©b b. wkï AwaKvi‡K myi¶v (Protection) cÖ`vb wkïi AwaKvi c~iY (Fulfill) Kiv

0

wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb (Respect ) cÖ k©b wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aš—M©Z wkïi me ai‡Yi AwaKvi ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges

wkï‡ì AwaKvi‡fvMx wnmv‡e m¤§vb †`Lv‡Z n‡e| Ggb †Kv‡bv AvBb, bxwZgvj ˆZwi/ev¯—evqb ev †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv hv‡e bv hv

wkï‡ì‡K †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq| wkk~ AwaKvi-Gi c‡¶ hZ ABb, bxwZgvjv ìKvi ˆZwi I ev¯—evqb wkï AwaKvi j½‡bi wei“‡× ev wkï AwaKvi c~i‡Yi `vwe‡Z wkï‡ì A_ev wkï I



wkïi AwaKvi c~iY (Fulfill) Kiv iv‡óªi Aš—M©Z me GjvKvi me wkkyi me AwaKvi c~i‡Yi eë¯’v wbwðZ Kiv| cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb , weavb , bxwZgvjv, I ev¯—evqb KvVv‡gv ˆZwi cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡RU eivÏ evóªxq eë ’vq mivmwi †mev cÖ vb

123

`vwqZ¡evnK I AwaKvi‡fvMx m¤úK©-Pμ

AwaKvi Ñ `vwqZ¡ Ñ `vex (†RvqvwKg _vBm cÖYxZ)

`vwqZ¡evnK

m¤§vb, myi¶v

Ges AwaKvi c~iY

hv‡ì Rb¨ êlg¨nxbZv †hLvb †_‡K `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i AwaKvi `vex Kiv nq

AwaKvi‡fvMx

Dc‡ii WvqvMÖv‡g AwaKvi‡fvMx I `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì ga¨Kvi m¤úK©‡K †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

Rev

ew`w

nZv A

skMÖnY

124

Awa‡ekb 4 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v


1914-1919 cÖ_g wek¦hy× 1917 mgvRZvwš¿K ivwkqvi Rb¥ 1946 mv‡Î©i Aw¯—Ë¡ev`

Pig e¨w³-¯^vZš¿¨ I Pig e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvev`



1966 UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎc¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i; mgvRZvwš¿K c¶-Gi †`k¸wj Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i

Dbœqb I gvbevwaKvi Avjv`v n‡q hvq


1986 Declaration on the Rights to Development 1991 UNCRC G‡Z Av‡Q

wkïi wmwfj,ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKv‡ii c~Y© mgš^q

1997 UN Reform: Rights Based Development 2000 UNDP’s HRD on Human Rights and Human

Development

2001 Rights Based Programing Approaches (UN organizations, donors, NGOs..)

125

yB avivi AwaKvi AwaKvi A_©‰bwZK,mvgvwRK Ges




AwaKvi





e¨w³i ^vaxbZv

126

Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px‡Z Revew`wnZv _v‡K wKš‘y Pvwn`v wfwËK ev Ab¨ Dbœqb cš’v wfwËK Kg©m~Px‡Z Revew`wnZv _v‡K bv| Pvwn`v wfwËK I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©myPxi g‡a¨ †h cv_©K¨ Av‡Q Zv wbæi“c t Pvwn`v ev Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v * e¨w³MZ e`vb¨Zv bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK, ˆbwZK I AvBbMZ



`vbkxjZv AvBbMZ `vwqZ¡, eva¨evaKZv, I KZ©e¨*Kj¨vY, `qv `w¶Yvg~jK AvBbMZ`vwe, wbðqZv

j¶Y¸wj‡K (symtoms) cÖvavb¨ †`q g~j KviY‡K (root causes) cÖvavb¨ †`q
















127







128

AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v: gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒc












w

gvbevwaKvi I Dbœqb




129

Awa‡ekb 5 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY

cÖ_vMZ Kg©m~wP Pμ

cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY/Pvwn`v wPwýZKiY



130

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP Pμ




131

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi

g~jbxwZ mg~n êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ

m‡Ÿ©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi g~jbxwZ

‡eu‡P _vKv weKvk-Gi g~jbxwZ



gvbevwaKvi g~jbxwZ 4 wU

mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ `vwqZ¡ evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZ

wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì 5wU g~jbxwZ

elg¨nxbZv

wkïi m‡e©vËg ^v_©i¶v

‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk Ges

AskMÖnY

Revew`wnZv

132

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px KiY

gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi - Gi g~jbxwZ h_vh_ MÖnY/cvjb K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb Kg©KvÛ‡K GK K_v wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~Px KiY (Child Rights Programing) ev CRP e‡j|

wkï + AwaKvi + Kg©m~PxKiY

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY

wkï t 18 eQ‡ii Kgeqmx cÖ‡Z¨K †Q‡j I cÖ‡Z¨K‡g‡q| wkï gv‡b GKwU mvgwMÖK wkky| wkï gv‡b mKj wkï|

AwaKvi t Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi AvBb Ges cÖavbZ RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡` ewY©Z AwaKvi |

Kg©m~PxKiY t 5wU g~jbxwZ MÖnY K‡i wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY, cwiKíbv, ev¯—evqb Ges gwbUwis I g~j¨vqb|

133

Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP‡Z wkïÓ - Kg©m~wPi †K›`ª we› y‡Z wkï| - wkï gv‡b wkïi mvgwMÖK w`K| wkïi mKj AwaKvi c~iY Ges myô weKv‡ki Rb hv wKQz

cÖ‡qvRb me wKQz wgwj‡q wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e| - wkï gv‡b mKj wkï| †Kej cÖvwš—K, ye©j ev Amg_© wkï bq| - wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri, RvZxq A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZi Ask wnmv‡e| - wkï gv‡b e„nËi mgv‡Ri GKRb, GwZgLvbvi wkï, c_ wkï Gfv‡e Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv hv‡e

bv| - wkï‡ì kw³ mvg_©¨ Av‡Q| eqm e„w×i av‡c av‡c GB kw³ mvg_©¨ μge„w× jvf K‡i| - GK GK wkïi ˆkkeKvjxb AwfÁZv G‡KK iKg| mKj wkïi aviYv, mKj wkïi

cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`v GKB g‡W‡ji bq| - wkïiv ïay wb‡Z Rv‡b Zv bq| Zviv wKQz w`‡ZI Rv‡b| wbQK †fvMx †kªYx bq Zviv| Zviv

cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri mwμq AskMÖnYKvix| - wkïivI mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Avi Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡ì bvbv


134



†g‡b †bIqv|

ivóª/miKvimg~nB †h gyL¨ `vwqZ¡evnK Zv wkïmn mgMÖ RbM‡Yi wbKU Ges Avš—R©vwZK A½‡b ¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv| GKBm‡½ †Kw›`ªq miKvi, †emiKvixLvZ, wkï‡ì cwiPh©v`vbKvix


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135







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wKsev AvBbm¤§Z Awffve‡Ki †¶‡Î †MvÎ, eY©, wj½, fvlv, ag©,

ivR‰bwZK wfbœgZ, RvZxqZv A_ev mvgvwRK cwiPq, weË, mvg_©¨

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AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ me ai‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxq eë¯’v MÖnY Ki‡e|

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137

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138

Awa‡ekb 7 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi g~jbxwZ




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140

Awa‡ekb 8 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi g~jbxwZ

RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`

Aby‡”Q`-3

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141

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142

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wkïi AskMÖnY wel‡q wkï AwaKvi mb` Aby‡”Q`-12

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143

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144


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145

Awa‡ekb 11 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY:Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ

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146

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147

Awa‡ekb 12 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY :wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY

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148

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149

Awa‡ekb 13 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv - j¶¨ wba©viY

wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~wPi j¶¨

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wkï AwaKvi wfwËK j¶¨: ‰ewkó¨ mg~n





150

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151

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5 gvÎv cwieZ©b

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2. wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AwaKvi c~i‡Y bxwZgvjvq, bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©b


4. mgZv I êlg¨nxbZvi cwieZ©b


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SMART S = Specific mywbw ©ó M = Measurable cwigvc‡hvM¨ A = Achievable AR©b‡hvM¨ R = Relevant cÖvmw½K T = Time mgqmxgv

152

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153

Awa‡ekb 15 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY t ev¯—evqb

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wkï AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px ev¯—evqb

3 ¯—¤¢ g‡Wj






154

Awa‡ekb 16 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY t cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb

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156

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AskMÖnY

Best Interest of the Child

Changes in the lives of children and young people

wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AwaKvi c~i‡Y bxwZgvjvq, bxwZgvjv ev¯—evq‡b cwieZ©b

wkï I Zi“Y‡ì mgZv I êlg¨nxbZvq cwieZ©b

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wkï I Zi“Y‡ì AskMÖnY Ges mwμq bvMwiKZvq cwieZ©b

157

Awa‡ekb 17 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: 5 g~jbxwZ e¨envi




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cwiwPwZ BZ¨vw` w`‡q fv‡M fv‡M Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?











¶wZMÖ¯—, wcwQ‡q cov I mgvwRKfv‡e ev`Mov wkï‡Ì Rb¨ msMÖ‡ni we‡kl

eë ’v wQj wK?









n‡qwQj wK?

161








AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ








D_&_vcb K‡i _vK‡j †m wel‡q ¯^”QZv Avbv n‡q‡Q wK?

162



cwiKíbv

êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ








GB ¯^cœKí ˆZwi‡Z evjK I evwjKviv Ae`vb †i‡L‡Q wK? cÖKí cwiKíbv I

ev¯—evqbKv‡j evjK-evwjKv‡ì m‡e©vËg ^v‡_©i welqwU cy‡ivcywi we‡ePbv Kiv

n‡q‡Q wK?




wK? * miKvi I wb‡qvwRZ Ab¨vb¨ c¶ hv‡Z wm×vš— MÖnY I bZzb AvBb BZ¨vw` cÖYq‡bi

Av‡M wj½ Ges wkï‡ì Dci Zvi m¤¢ve¨ cÖfve m¤ú‡K© we‡k−lY K‡i †m Rb¨ ZwØi Kivi cwiKíbv G‡Z i‡q‡Q wK?






fy³‡fvMx evjK-evwjKv‡ì ˆ`wnK, DcjwäRvZ, Av‡eMxq, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I Ava¨vwZ¥K Dbœqb wbwðZ I „pKi‡Yi Rb¨ eûLvZ wewkó G¨v‡cÖvP (multi-sectoral approach) MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?

163

AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ

Kg©cwiKíbv, kbv³KiY, cwiKíbv, iƒc‡iLv cÖ ‘wZ, ev¯—evqb I g~j¨vq‡bi





n‡q‡Q wK?


wkï?





cwiKíbv P~ovš— Kivi mgq wkï‡ì mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi e¨ ’v wQj wK? Gmgq

wkïiv †Kv‡bv cÖ —ve wb‡q _vK‡j Zv MÖnY Kiv n‡qwPj wK? A_ev MÖnY bv Kivi



wK?


Kvh©Kix wQj wK?




wkï‡ì gZvgZ MÖnY Kivi ci hv‡Ì gZvgZ MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡ì‡K ÒKx cwiKíbv †bIqv n‡jvÓ Zv Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q wK?

cwiKíbv Kv‡j wkïiv Òeoiv me Pvwc‡q w`‡q‡QÓ GiKg g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡i‡Q wKbv †m wel‡q †LuvR †bIqvi eë ’v wQj wK?

wkï‡ì mKj cÖ‡kœi Reve †`Šqv n‡qwQj wK? wkïiv wK †m me Revemš‘wói mv‡_ MÖnY K‡i‡Q?

164



ev¯—evqb

ˆelg¨nxbZv bxwZ










AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ




cv‡i?





165


wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY-Gi g~jbxwZ

mg~n

cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb

êlg¨nxbZv bxwZ

cÖK‡í/Kg©m~wPwU‡Z wj½ welqwU‡K wK MZvbyMwZK I cÖ_vgvwdK Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q, bvwK G e¨vcv‡i cwieZ©b‡K DrmvwnZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?

DÏxó MÖ“‡ci †fZ‡i, wewfbœ MÖ“‡ci g‡a¨ I Ab¨vb¨ wkïi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ I êlg¨RwbZ Bmy¨ wK wK wQj? †m¸wj wKfv‡e †gvKv‡ejv Kiv n‡q‡Q?




‡KD †ewk jvfevb, †KD Kg jvfevb n‡q‡Q- Ggb „óvš— mOMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?

m‡Ÿ©vËg ¯^v_© i¶v bxwZ wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v K‡i wm×vš— MÖnY bv Kivi „óvš— msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? G †¶‡Î wkï †h ai‡Yi mgm¨vq c‡o‡Q, †h †h AwaKvi jswNZ n‡q‡Q Zvi weeiY msMÖn Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?

‡eu‡P _vKv weKvk bxwZ ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKv‡ki †¶‡Î Kg©m~wPi cÖZ¨¶ I c‡iv¶ cÖfve hvPvB Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?

Kg©m~wP PjvKv‡j †Kv‡bv y‡h©v‡M cwZZ ev ¶wZMÖ¯— wkï‡K AMÖvwaKvi wfwË‡Z mn‡hvwMZv

cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK?


AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ

wkï‡ì mKj MÖ“‡ci wkk‡ì gZvgZ †bIqv n‡qwQj wK? cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb wU‡g I cÖwμqvq wkï cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj wK? msMwVZ wkï MÖ‡ci cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj wK? cÖwZ‡e`b cÖ¯‘‡Zi mgq wkïi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ wQj wK?



wkï KZ©„K eo‡ì Revew`wn Kivi Rb¨ cÖwμqv Pvjy n‡q‡Q wKbv? Revew`wn Kivi mgq wkï‡ì AvPi‡Y „pZv _v‡K wK? wkï‡ì Revew`wn PvIqvi †iKW© msi¶‡Yi eë¯’ wQj wK?

166

Awa‡ekb 18 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb

wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZgvjv

wkï AwaKviwfwËK msMVb cwiPvjbvi g~jbxwZ 5 wU| elg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ AvZ¥gh©v`v, kª×v I b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ AskMÖnY I ¶gZvq‡bi g~jbxwZ wkï‡`i mv‡_ KvR Kivi g~jbxwZ

167

n¨vÛ AvDU

168

Awa‡ekb 2 gvbevwaKvi I wkï AwaKvi

AwaKv‡ii μgvbymvi/ wcivwgW (Hierarchy):

wbæwjwLZ Dcv‡q GKwU ÔAwaKviÕ wcivwgW ˆZwi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i: 1. Avš—R©vwZK gvbevwaKvi 2. RvZxq AvBbx AwaKvi 2.1 msweavb 2.2 RvZxq AvBb †hgb, wmwfj †KvW, †cbvj †KvW Ges †jevi †KvW 2.3 bxwZgvjv Ges weavbmg~n 3. mvs¯‹…wZK Ges mvgvwRK wbqg I g~j¨‡evamg~n GB AwaKvi KvVv‡gv Avš—R©vwZK/BD‡ivcxq AvBb e¨e¯’v wfwËK hv AwaKvsk ‡`k (wKš‘ me †`k bq) Øviv



169

gvbevwaKvi ‡gwW‡Ukb/Abykxjb

g‡b Ki“b GKwU Rvnv‡R K‡i `~~i‡`‡k hv‡”Qb Avcbviv cÖwk¶‡Y AskMÖnYKvix GB 25 Rb| Avcbv‡ì g‡a¨ gwnjvi msL¨v A‡a©K| mvM‡ii bxj Rjivwk †K‡U ª“Z GwM‡q hv‡”Q RvnvR| †KD Mí Ki‡Qb, †KD ZvwK‡q Av‡Qb w`Mš— - we¯—…Z Rjivwki w`‡K| ANUb NU‡jv nVvr-B| AvBm ev‡M©i mv‡_ AvNvZ †L‡q †f‡½ co‡jv RvnvR| Wy‡e †M‡jv UvBUvwb‡Ki g‡Zv| UvBUvwbK Wywe †_‡K i¶v †c‡qwQj †KD †KD| wKš‘ Avcbviv mevB gviv †M‡jb | g„Z y ~Z Avcbv‡ì AvZ¥v wb‡q †Mj Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q| Ck¦i ej‡jb: †Zvgv‡ì Avevi RxweZ Kiv n‡e| RxweZ K‡i cvVv‡ev GK Rbgvbenxb MÖ‡n| my›ì †m MÖn| cÖPzi m¤ú` Av‡Q †mLv‡b | Avi Avwg †Zvgv‡ì gw¯—®‹‡K Ki‡ev kZ¸Y DbœZ| bZzb mf¨Zv M‡o Zzj‡e †Zvgiv| bZzb MÖ‡n hvIqvi Av‡M †Zvgiv wVK K‡i e‡jv-bZzb c„w_exi gvbyl wnmv‡e †Zvgiv Kx ai‡bi ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi †fvM Ki‡Z PvI? †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv gÄy&yi Kiv n‡e| †Zvgiv †f‡e wP‡š— †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv RvbvI| ïay g‡b ivL‡e- bZzb c„w_ex‡Z †K bvix †K cyi“l n‡q Rb¥v‡e Zv Avwg †Mvcb ivL‡ev| †K abx n‡q Avi †K Mixe n‡q Rb¥v‡e Zv&I †Mvcb ivL‡ev Avwg| †Zvgv‡ì †KD Rb¥v‡e kv`v i‡Oi kixi wb‡q, †KD Rb¥v‡e Kv‡jv,ev`vgx i‡Oi kixi wb‡q| ‡KD ev n‡e cÖwZeÜx| ‡K Kx n‡e Zv GLb †KD †Zvgiv Rv‡bv bv| ‡Zvgiv Av‡Mi R‡b¥i AwfÁZv †_‡K †Zvgv‡ì cÖZ¨vkv wbY©q Ki| Ck¦‡ii wb‡`©k gZ Avcbviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K Avcbv‡ì c~b: R‡b¥ Avcbv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi Kx n‡e Zv wPwnèZ Ki“b| cÖ‡Z¨‡K gvÎ wZbwU K‡i cÖZ¨vkv wPwnèZ Ki“b| g‡b ivL‡eb †K Kx ai‡bi gvbyl n‡q Rb¥jvf Ki‡eb Zv wKš‘ Rv‡bb bv| Avevi GB wZbwU cÖZ¨vkv hw` Ab¨‡ì cÖZ¨vkvi mv‡_ bv wg‡j Zv n‡j kvwš— wewNœZ n‡Z cv‡i | ZvB †f‡e wP‡š— cÖZ¨vkv wVK Ki“b| Avcbvi wb‡Ri 3 wU cÖZ¨vkv| 3wU cÖZ¨vkv Avcbv‡ì ¯^vaxbZv,gvbweK gh©v`v Avi AwaKvi‡K wPwnèZ Ki‡e| GKwU kvwš—gq c„w_ex Movi †m me cÖZ¨vkv|

170


2. mve©RbxbZvi g~jbxwZ ms¯‹…wZ, HwZn¨ I Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î †h cv_©K¨ hvB _vKzK bv †Kb, ag©, eY©, †MvÎ, †kªYx, †ckv BZ¨vw` wbwe©‡k‡l AwaKv‡ii „wó‡Z mKj gvbyl mgvb| †mB gvbyl we‡k¦i †hLv‡bB evm Ki“K ev †h Ae ’v‡ZB _vKzK mevi Rb¨ AwaKvi mgfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨| gvbevwaKv‡ii aviYvi †¶‡Î KviI cÖwZ †Kvb cÖKvi b~b¨Zg êl‡gï AeKvk †bB| mKj gvbyl‡KB AwaKv‡ii AvIZvq Aš—f~©³ Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡K Aš—fy©w³KiY ev Inclusion e‡j| wkïivI GB AwaKv‡ii AvIZvq c‡o| wkï‡ì †¶‡Î GB mve©RbxbZvi A_© n‡jvt

AwaKv‡ii †¶‡Î ‡Q‡j ev †g‡q mgvb| mKj wkïi Kj¨vY mgvb g~Yëvb, wKš‘ hviv me‡P‡q †ewk cÖwZKyj ev cÖvwš—K

Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q Zv‡ì Kj¨vY‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e| m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ mKj wkïi cÖwZ AvPiY Ki‡Z n‡e| wkïi GB AwaKvi msNl© A_ev cÖvK…wZK y‡hv©Mc~Y© ’v‡bI cÖ‡hvR¨| †h †Kvb

Ae¯’vq Ges †h †Kvb ¯’v‡b AwaKv‡ii welqwU Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z n‡e| 2. Awe‡f`¨Zvi g~jbxwZ Kv‡iv gvbevwaKvi †hgb †K‡o †bqv hvq bv, †Zgwb †KD †¯^”Qvq Zvi gvbevwaKvi Z¨vMI Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| 3. `vwqZ¡ evnK‡ì evaëvaKZv (Revew`wnZv)-i g~jbxwZ gvbevwaKv‡ii †K‡›`ª ev g~j we› y‡Z Av‡Q AwaKvi‡fvMx (hv‡ì AwaKvi Av‡Q) Ges `vwqZ¡evnK‡ì (AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡bi `vwqZ¡ hvi ev hv‡ì Dci Awc©Z) g‡a¨Kvi m¤ú‡K©i welqwU| 4. AwefvR¨Zv I ci¯úi wbf©ikxjZvi g~jbxwZt

gvbevwaKvi GKwU weivU welq, Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK I mvs¯‹…wZK bvbvwea AwaKvi - G me¸wjB ¸i“Z¡ c~Y© Ges GKwU AciwUi Dci wbf©ikxj|

171










(ICESCR)1










msμvš— mb`



172

RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb`-Gi msw¶ß fvl¨ cuvP ¸”Q wkï AwaKvi

wkïi †e‡uP _vKv (Survival) wkïi weKvk (Development) wkïi wbivcËv (Protection) wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation) ev¯—evqb I m‡PZbZv (Implementation and

Awareness)

wkïi †e‡uP _vKv (Survival) GB ¸‡”Qi AwaKvi¸‡jv wkïi c„w_ex‡Z †eu‡P _vKvi Ges AR©b‡hvM¨ m‡e©v”Pgv‡bi ¯^v¯’¨ I wPwKrmv †mev cvIqvi AwaKvi¸‡jv‡K wb‡`©k K‡i| g~jZ: Aby‡”Q` 6-G mivmwi †eu‡P _vKvi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Aby‡”Q` bs 7, 9, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35 Ges 38 survival AwaKv‡ii Aš—f©~³ | G Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv g~jZ: hv hv wbwðZ K‡i Zv wbæiƒct cywóKi Lvevi mieivn, cwiev‡i I mgv‡R wkïi jvjb cvjb I hZœ, ¯^v¯’¨ cwiPh©vi (health care) ‡mevmg~n, Rxeb avi‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq `¶Zv BZ¨vw`|

wkïi weKvk (Development) wkïi weKvk ch©v‡hi Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv g~jZ: †Ljvayjv, we‡bv`b, mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©μ‡g AskMÖnY Ges hveZxq AvbyôvwbK I AbvbyôvwbK wk¶vi gva¨‡g wkïi kvixwiK, gvbwmK, AvwZ¥K, ˆbwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœqb wbwðZ K‡i| 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31 - G Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv G AwaKv‡ii G‡KKwU Ask wnmv‡e aiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wkïi wbivcËv (Protection) ‰elg¨, wbh©vZb Ges Ae‡njv †_‡K wkï‡ì i¶v Kiv, cwievi I ev¯‘nviv wkï‡ì myi¶v GB Protection rights -Gi Aš—M©Z| G me AwaKv‡ii Ab¨vb¨ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask wnmv‡e CRC mb‡ì 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 -G Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv G AwaKv‡ii G‡KKwU Ask wnmv‡e aiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

wkïi AskMÖnY (Participation) g~jZ: Aby‡”Q` 12 -†Z mivmwi wkk~i AskMÖn‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| Participation AwaKv‡ii g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wkïi wbR¯^ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K evK-¯^vaxbZv I Zvi eqm I maturity Abyhvqx Zvi e³‡eï cÖvavb¨ cvIqv| G AwaKvi wkï‡ì mgv‡R I RvwZ‡Z mwμq AskMÖnY wbwðZ K‡i|

173

Participation -Gi Aš—M©Z 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 24, 28, 29, 31, 42 -Gi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv ‡hme welq‡K Aš—f©~³ K‡i Zv n‡j: wkïi gZvgZ Ges g‡bvfve cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZv, msNe× nevi ¯^vaxbZv, cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ mieivn BZ¨w` |

ev¯—evqb I m‡PZbZv (Implementation and Awareness)

GB ch©v‡hi Aby‡”Q`¸‡jv cÖK…Zc‡¶ CRC -Gi †gŠwjK KvVv‡gvymn Zvi ev¯—evqb, cwiex¶Y I wi‡cvwU©s m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì aviYv †`q| GwU mKj wkï‡ì AwaKvi wbwðZ Ki‡Yi j‡¶¨ m¤ú` mg~‡ni m‡e©v”P wbwðZ K‡i| CRC-i ev¯—evq‡bi gva¨‡g wkï AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ GwU Avš—R©vwZK, RvZxq, ag©xq Ges ¯’vbxq †cÖ¶vcU Dc‡hvMx KvVv‡gv ˆZix K‡i| Aby‡”Q` bs- 1, 2, 4, 5, 18, 26, 27, 41-54 GB Mobilization rights Gi Aš—f©~³| Gi Aby‡”Q` ¸‡jv AviI hv hv wbwðZ K‡i Zv n‡jt wkïi msÁv, cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb ms‡kvab, RvZxq I Avš—R©vwZK m¤ú` mg~‡ni m‡e©v”P eënvi. wcZvgvZv I AvBbMZ Awffve‡Ki cÖwZ kª×v‡eva, ivóªxq ev mvgvwRK wbivcËv weavb, wbqwgZ wi‡cvwU©s I gwbUwis BZ¨vw`|

174






(Aby‡”Q`-4)


175

Awa‡ekb 3 AwaKvi‡fvMx wkï I `vwqZ¡evnK

`vwqZ¡evnK wnmv‡e ivóªc‡¶i 3 `vwqZ¡

wkïi AwaKv‡ii cÖwZ m¤§vb (Respect ) cÖ k©b wkï AwaKvi mb‡ì Aš—M©Z wkïi me ai‡Yi AwaKvi ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e Ges

wkï‡ì AwaKvi‡fvMx wnmv‡e m¤§vb †`Lv‡Z n‡e| Ggb †Kv‡bv AvBb, bxwZgvj ˆZwi/ev¯—evqb ev †Kv‡bv KvR Kiv hv‡e bv hv

wkï‡ì‡K †Kv‡bv AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ Kiv nq| wkk~ AwaKvi-Gi c‡¶ hZ ABb, bxwZgvjv ìKvi ˆZwi I ev¯—evqb wkï AwaKvi j½‡bi wei“‡× ev wkï AwaKvi c~i‡Yi `vwe‡Z wkï‡ì A_ev wkï I



wkïi AwaKvi c~iY (Fulfill) Kiv iv‡óªi Aš—M©Z me GjvKvi me wkkyi me AwaKvi c~i‡Yi eë¯’v wbwðZ Kiv| cÖ‡qvRbxq AvBb , weavb , bxwZgvjv, I ev¯—evqb KvVv‡gv ˆZwi cÖ‡qvRbxq ev‡RU eivÏ evóªxq eë ’vq mivmwi †mev cÖ vb

176

Awa‡ekb 4 AwaKvi wfwËK Dbœqb cš’v


1914-1919 cÖ_g wek¦hy× 1917 mgvRZvwš¿K ivwkqvi Rb¥ 1946 mv‡Î©i Aw¯—Ë¡ev`

Pig e¨w³-¯^vZš¿¨ I Pig e¨w³ ¯^vaxbZvev`



1966 UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights hy³ivóª I Zvi wgÎc¶ GwU Aby‡gv`b K‡i; mgvRZvwš¿K c¶-Gi †`k¸wj Gi we‡ivwaZv K‡i

Dbœqb I gvbevwaKvi Avjv`v n‡q hvq


1986 Declaration on the Rights to Development

1991 UNCRC G‡Z Av‡Q wkïi wmwfj,ivR‰bwZK,A_©‰b

wZK,mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK AwaKv‡ii

c~Y© mgš^q 1997 UN Reform: Rights Based

Development

2000 UNDP’s HRD on Human Rights and Human Development

2001 Rights Based Programing Approaches (UN organizations, donors, NGOs..)

178

Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v I AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©m~Px‡Z Revew`wnZv _v‡K wKš‘y Pvwn`v wfwËK ev Ab¨ Dbœqb cš’v wfwËK Kg©m~Px‡Z Revew`wnZv _v‡K bv| Pvwn`v wfwËK I AwaKvi wfwËK Kg©myPxi g‡a¨ †h cv_©K¨ Av‡Q Zv wbæi“c t Pvwn`v ev Ab¨vb¨ Dbœqb cš’v AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v * e¨w³MZ e`vb¨Zv bvMwiK, ivR‰bwZK, ˆbwZK I AvBbMZ



`vbkxjZv AvBbMZ `vwqZ¡, eva¨evaKZv, I KZ©e¨*Kj¨vY, `qv `w¶Yvg~jK AvBbMZ`vwe, wbðqZv

j¶Y¸wj‡K (symtoms) cÖvavb¨ †`q g~j KviY‡K (root causes) cÖvavb¨ †`q
















179







yÕwU cš’vi g‡a¨ Dc‡iv³ cv_©‡Kï g‡a¨ GKwU cÖavb welq n‡”Q †h,Pvwn`vwfwËK ev Ab¨ cš’vi g‡a¨ †Kvb Revew`wnZv †bB| Pvwn`vwfwËK ev Ab¨ cš’vq wkï‡ì myi¶v Imn‡hvwMZv`v‡bi Rb¨ ivóª wKsev Ab¨vb¨ mswewae× KZ…©c‡¶i †Kvb ˆbwZK A_ev AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv †bB| Pvwn`v _‡K A‡bK AwaKvi ˆZwi nq e‡U, Z‡e AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq AvBbMZ, ˆbwZK evaëvaKZv I Revew`wnZv Avcbv †_‡KB hy³ _v‡K| GKBm‡½ AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq AwaKvi‡fvMx‡ì AwaKvi `vwe Ki‡Z DØy× Kiv nq Ges †mRb¨ Zv‡ì ¶gZvqb Kiv nq| Gi A_© n‡”Q, Zv‡ì K…cvi cvÎ wnmv‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq bv, eis Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì cÖvc¨ AvBbMZ AwaKvimg~‡ni `vex`vi wnmv‡e †`Lv nq|

g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’v I AwaKviwfwËK cš’vi mv‡_ †Kv‡bv we‡iva †bB| eis cÖ_gwU wØZxqwUi wfwË e‡j a‡i †bqv †h‡Z cv‡i, Ges cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`vwfwËK cš’vqiDËg wRwbm¸wj‡K AwaKviwfwËK cš’vq mswk−ó Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges AwaKvi I Dbœqb ywU aviYv‡KB GB cš’vq GKxf~Z Kiv n‡q‡Q|

A‡bK mgq eySv‡bvi Rb¨ AwaKviwfwËK cš’v‡K cÖ‡qvRbwfwËK G¨v‡cÖv‡Pi wecixZ G¨v‡cÖvP wnmv‡e msÁvwqZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K| ywU cš’viB wfwË n‡jv RbMY‡K wU‡K _vK‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges Zv‡ì †fZ‡i †h me m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q †mB m¤¢vebvi c~Y© weKvk mvab Kiv| H j¶¨ AR©‡b Dfq cš’v‡ZB bvbv gvwÎK mvnvh¨ mn‡hvwMZv I K‡g©v‡`¨v‡Mi cÖ‡qvRb| Z‡e GB yB gZev‡ì c~e©aviYv¸wj Ges Kg©m~wPKi‡Y H me c~e©aviYvi eënv‡ii g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q|

180

AwaKvi wfwËK cš’v: gvbevwaKvi, Dbœqb I j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ Kg©ZrciZv (activism)-Gi GKwU mw¤§wjZ iƒc












w

gvbevwaKvi I Dbœqb




181

Awa‡ekb 5 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~PxKiY

wkï‡ì m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡ì mvaviY aviYv Abykxjb cÎ

mZ¨ wK wg_¨v wjLyb

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†bIqv cÖ‡qvRb| - eo‡ì gZ wkï‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki aviYv I „wófw½I Avjv`v Avjv`v| - wkï AwfÁZv I „wófw½ eo‡ì †_‡K wfbœ| - wkïivI mgv‡Ri mwμq m`m¨ - cwievi ev mgv‡Ri DbœwZ n‡j wkïiv AvcbvAvcwb jvfevb n‡e Zv †Rvi w`‡q ejv hvq bv| - wkïivI wb‡R‡Ì fvjg›` wb‡q fv‡e - ev”Pv‡ì Ôgv‡ii Dci Jlya bvBÕ RbwcÖq †jLK ûgvqb Avn‡g‡ì K_vwU GK`g mwVK bq| - wkï‡ì me K_v ïb‡Z †bB| - wkï‡ì K_v ïb‡Z n‡e, Z‡e me K_v gvb‡Z n‡e Zv bq| - me eq‡mi wkï Zv‡ì gZ K‡i gZvgZ cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i|

182

Òwkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wP‡Z wkïÓ

- Kg©m~wPi †K›`ª we› y‡Z wkï| - wkï gv‡b wkïi mvgwMÖK w`K| wkïi mKj AwaKvi c~iY Ges myô weKv‡ki Rb hv wKQz

cÖ‡qvRb me wKQz wgwj‡q wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e| - wkï gv‡b mKj wkï| †Kej cÖvwš—K, ye©j ev Amg_© wkï bq| - wkï‡K fve‡Z n‡e cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri, RvZxq A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZi Ask wnmv‡e| - wkï gv‡b e„nËi mgv‡Ri GKRb, GwZgLvbvi wkï, c_ wkï Gfv‡e Avjv`v K‡i †`Lv hv‡e

bv| - wkï‡ì kw³ mvg_©¨ Av‡Q| eqm e„w×i av‡c av‡c GB kw³ mvg_©¨ μge„w× jvf K‡i| - GK GK wkïi ˆkkeKvjxb AwfÁZv G‡KK iKg| mKj wkïi aviYv, mKj wkïi

cÖ‡qvRb/Pvwn`v GKB g‡W‡ji bq| - wkïiv ïay wb‡Z Rv‡b Zv bq| Zviv wKQz w`‡ZI Rv‡b| wbQK †fvMx †kªYx bq Zviv| Zviv

cwiev‡ii mgv‡Ri mwμq AskMÖnYKvix| - wkïivI mgv‡Ri Dbœq‡bi Avi Zv‡ì wb‡R‡ì Dbœq‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡ì bvbv


183



†g‡b †bIqv|

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¯^xKvi K‡i †bIqv| GKBm‡½ †Kw›`ªq miKvi, †emiKvixLvZ, wkï‡ì cwiPh©v`vbKvix


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Kiv|





¶gZvi KvVv‡gv fvimvg¨c~Y© Kiv (†kªYx, wj½, b„ZvwË¡K RvwZmËv, eqm BZ¨vw`)| ¶gZvnxb †kªYx‡K ¶gZvqb K‡i Ges Zv‡ì ¯^v_©‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q GUv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|



†UKmB dj AR©b‡K j¶¨ wnmv‡e MÖnY K‡i wkï‡ì Zvr¶wYK mgm¨v¸wj ~i Kivi cvkvcvwk

mgm¨vi g~j KviY¸wj‡KI ~i Kivi †Póvi Dci we‡klfv‡e †Rvi †`qv|




184







185

Awa‡ekb 6 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : êlg¨nxbZvi g~jbxwZ

Abykxjb cÎ

KZ `ª“Z Avgiv †PbvRvbv gvby‡li bvg wjL‡Z cvwi ? welq bvg

13. AvR‡K hv‡ì mv‡_ K_v e‡j‡Qb Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †h †Kv‡bv 2 R‡bi bvg

14. w`‡b 10 N›Uvi †ewk cwikªg K‡ib †PbvRvbv Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

15. fvj Mvb Mvq Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

16. fvj Awfbq K‡i Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

17. GKRb êÁvwb‡Ki bvg

18. Dcb¨vm wj‡Lb Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

19. Lye †ewk wUwf †`‡L, Avcbvi †Pbv Rvbv Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

20. Avcbvi Lye Kv‡Qi GKRb gvby‡li bvg

21. Avcbvi Awd‡m PvKix K‡i Ggb yBR‡bi bvg

22. GB †Kv‡©m AskMÖnYKvix †h †Kv‡bv GKR‡bi bvg

23. cÖwZw`b †`Lv nq Ggb Kv‡iv bvg

24. Avcbvi MÖv‡gi/ gnj−vi GKRb fv‡jv gvby‡li bvg

186













ˆelg¨g~jK AvPiY K‡i|

187

Awa‡ekb 7 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi ‡eu‡P _vKv I weKvk-Gi g~jbxwZ

`jxq Kv‡Ri Rb¨ QK

wkïi †eu‡P _vKv

wkïi †eu‡P _vKv msμvš— AwaKvi

cwievi mgvR we`¨vjq ivóª

Lv`¨ cywó ?

wkïi weKvk

cwievi mgvR we`¨vjq ivvóª

wk¶v gvbm¤§Z wk¶vi AwaKvi

188

Awa‡ekb 8 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY : wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_© i¶vi g~jbxwZ

‡ivj‡c−-i Rb¨ NUbvcÎ

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189

NUbvcÎ-2 iwngv LyeB Mixe N‡ii †g‡q| eqm 15 eQi| evwo‡Z †mw`b GKv †c‡q cvovi Ae¯’vcbœ cwiev‡ii hyeK KwjgywÏb Zv‡K al©Y K‡i| iwngvi evev G e¨vcv‡i _vbvq gvgjv K‡i| cvovi gyi“weŸiv ZLb iwngvi mv‡_ KwjgywÏb-Gi we‡q w`‡q †`q Avi KwjgywÏb‡K eva¨ K‡i iwngvi bv‡g 3 weNv Rwg wj‡L w`‡Z| GjvKvi gvbevwaKvi Kg©xiv al©Y-gvgjvi c‡¶ Ae¯’vb †bq Ges iwngvi evev‡K gvgjv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z e‡j| Zv‡`i g‡Z, we‡q KL‡bv al©Y gvgjvi wePvi n‡Z cv‡i bv| mKj wK‡kvixi wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z AvBbvb~M wePvi `vwe K‡i Zviv| G †¶‡Î Avcbvi we‡ePbvq KiYxq Kx? NUbvcÎ-3 Avcbvi evmvq 13 eQi eqmx GK wK‡kvix KvR K‡i| ‡g‡qwU Avcbvi k¦ïic‡¶i ~i m¤ú‡K©i AvZ¥xq| evwo hvIqvi Rb¨ †g‡qwU mviv¶Y KvbœvKvwU K‡i| MÖv‡gi evwo‡Z Zvi ¯^vgx cwiZ¨³ gv †g‡qwUi fiY †cvlY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| Zvi gv Pvq †g‡qwU Avcbvi evmv‡ZB _vKzK| wKš‘ Avcbvi ¯¿x Ges †Q‡j †g‡qiv †g‡qwUi KvbœvKvwU †`‡L Avi Zv‡K ivL‡Z Pvq bv| Gw`‡K †g‡qwU GKw`b ûgwK †`q †h, †m GKw`b cvwj‡q hv‡e| Avcbvi Kv‡Q g‡b n‡”Q †h, †g‡qwU mwZ¨ mwZ¨ GKw`b cvwj‡q hv‡e| G †¶‡Î Avcbvi cwiev‡ii KiYxq Kx?

190

NUbvcÎ-4 GKwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq GjvKvq 7 †_‡K 8 eQi eqmx 4 Rb cÖwZeÜx wkï Av‡Q| GKRb AÜ, 2 Rb evK I 1 Rb gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx| evKcÖwZeÜx yB Rb †g‡q, evwK `yBRb †Q‡j| Giv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Mixe cwiev‡ii mš—vb| ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv hvq wb Zv‡ì| ¯‹zj KZ„©c¶ Zv‡ì fwZ© K‡iwb| Avcbwb hLb we`¨vjq eë¯’vcbv KwgwUi mfvcwZ n‡jb _Lb Giv Zv‡ì AwffveK‡ì wb‡q Aacbvi Kv‡Q Gjv ¯‹z‡j fwZ© Kiv‡bvi Av‡e`b wb‡q?Kx Ki‡eb Avcwb?

191


cÖ_g f~wgKv Awfb‡qi welq

¯^vaxbZv wèm Dcj‡¶ Ójvjm~h© wkï K¬veÓ μxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Av‡qvRb Ki‡e| ¯’vbxq GKwU

GbwRI Zv‡ì e‡j‡Q GR‡b¨ Zviv 5 nvRvi UvKv LiP Ki‡Z cvi‡e| cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Kx Kx

AvB‡Ug _vK‡e, Kx cyi¯‹vi †Ìqv n‡e, ‡gvU KqwU cyi¯‹vi, cÖavb AwZw_ ‡K n‡eb, μxov

Abyôvb cwiPvjbvq Kviv _vK‡e-Gme wel‡q cwiKíbv Ki‡Z e‡j‡Q H GbwRI| Ójvjm~h© wkï

K¬veÓ-Gi 7Rb wkï †bZv cwiKíbv mfvq e‡m‡Qb|

wØZxq f~wgKv Awfb‡qi welq

¯^vaxbZv wèm Dcj‡¶ RvMiYx D”Pwe`¨vj‡q μxov cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Av‡qvRb Kiv n‡e| ¯‹zj

KZ„©c¶ GR‡b¨ 5000 UvKv eivÏ K‡i‡Q| we`¨vj‡qi cÖavb wk¶K, μxov wk¶K Avi mnKvix

cÖavb wk¶K 6 Rb Qv‡Îi m‡½ GR‡b¨ cwiKíbv mfvq e‡m‡Qb| mfvq wVK Kiv n‡e-|

cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Kx Kx AvB‡Ug _vK‡e, Kx cyi¯‹vi †Ìqv n‡e, ‡gvU KqwU cyi¯‹vi, cÖavb AwZw_

‡K n‡eb, μxov Abyôvb cwiPvjbvq Kviv _vK‡e, mn‡hvwMZvq _vK‡e Kviv BZ¨vw`|

192

wkïi AskMÖnY wel‡q wkï AwaKvi mb` Aby‡”Q`-12

5. gZvgZ MV‡b cwic° wkï wbR¯^ gZvgZ Ges aviYv cÖKv‡k Aeva ¯^vaxbZvi

AwaKvix| †mB mKj AwaKvi i¶vi Rb¨ wkï eqm Ges wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kivi

¶gZv Abyhvqx GB mKj gZvgZ‡K hv‡Z h_vh_ ¸i“Z¡ †`qv nq AskMÖnYKvix

ivómg~n Zvi wbðqZv weavb Ki‡e|

6. D‡Ï‡k¨ wkï‡K mywbw`©ó my‡hvM w`‡Z n‡e †hb wkï wb‡R A_ev †Kvb cÖwZwbwa

wKsev †Kvb h_vh_ ms¯’vi gva¨‡g Zvi wbR ¯^v_© mswk−ó wePvi wefvMxq ev

cÖkvmwbK †gvKÏgvi †¶‡Î RvZxq AvB‡bi wewae× avivi m‡½ m½wZ †i‡L Zviv

K_v ej‡Z cv‡i|

193

RvwZmsN wkï AwaKvi mb‡`i Ab¨ †hme Aby‡”Q‡` wkïi AskMÖn‡Yi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q Aby‡”Q` 3: ‰elg¨nxbZvi AwaKvi












194

Abykxjb cÎ

mZ¨ Kx wg_¨v Wvb cv‡k wjLyb|

wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb

6. wkï/wkïivB Zvi/Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡e|

7. ‡Kvb& (†Kvb& †Kvb&) wkï‡K wbe©vPb Ki‡e Zv Zv‡ì wbR ^ eënvi

8. Avjvc Av‡jvPbv K‡i bvwK †Mvcb †fv‡U wbe©vPb Ki‡e- GwUI wVK Ki‡e wkïivB

9. ‡Kvb& †Kvb& †hvM¨Zvi wfwË‡Z cÖwZwbwa wVK Ki‡e Zv wba©viY Ki‡e wkïiv|

10. GKB wkï GKvwaKevi wbe©vwPZ n‡Z cvi‡e Kx cvi‡e bv- Zv wVK Ki‡e wkïiv|

wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb: eo‡ì `vwqZ¡

10. wkïiv hw` wb‡Riv wb‡R‡ì cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z m¶g e‡j g‡b K‡i

Z‡e †mLv‡b eo‡ì mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB|

11. Zv‡ì cÖwZwbwa wbe©vPb Ki‡Z wM‡q hw` weev‡` Rwo‡q c‡o Z‡e eoiv

Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡a/wgUv‡Z mnvqZv w`‡eb|

12. wkï cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡b †Kv‡bv cÖfve we¯—vi Ki‡eb bv eoiv|

13. cÖwZwbwa wbe©vP‡b mgm¨v m„wó n‡j, wkïiv hw` eo‡ì mvnvh¨ Pvq, Z‡eB

eoiv mvnv‡hï nvZ evov‡eb |

14. wkï‡ì wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa Avcbvi Kv‡Q †hvM¨ g‡b bv n‡jI Avcbvi

Kivi wKQ~ †bB| G †¶‡Î Avcbvi ØvwqZ¡ n‡e H cÖwZwbwai Ávb, `¶Zv

evov‡bv|

195

15. wbe©vP‡bi Av‡M cÖv_©xZv-†hvM¨Zv Kx n‡e Zv wVK Kivi Rb¨ wkï‡`i

civgk© w`‡eb|

16. wkïi c~Y© m¤§wZ Qvov eoiv wb‡R †KD Zvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb

bv|

17. Av`vjZ ev Ab¨ †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î AwffveK ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv ‡Kv‡bv wkïi

cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Z n‡j †m wel‡q wkï‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ges wkïi K_v ïb‡Z

n‡e|

18. eo †KD wkïi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡j wkï ev wkïiv wK e‡j‡Q Zv wkïi

Revbx‡Z ej‡Z n‡e|

19. K_v ejvi mgq hw` Abyev`‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb nq, Z‡e wbe©vwPZ Abyev`K wkïi

Revbx‡Z K_v ej‡eb| wkï Kx e‡j‡Q †Kej ZvB ej‡eb, Abyev`‡Ki Kv‡Q Kx

g‡b n‡q‡Q Zv ejvi `iKvi †bB|

196

KvW©

wkïiv Kxfv‡e AskMÖnY Ki‡e Ges mswk−ó‡¶‡Î I eo‡ì fywgKv Kx n‡e?

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197


‡Rvov`‡ji Abykxjb cÎ mwVK `vwqZ¡evnK wPwýZ K‡i †K Kvi Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e Revew`wn PvB‡e Avi †K Kvi/Kv‡ì Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e Revew`wn Ki‡e Zv wPwnèZ Ki“b|

Òwkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ evK¨¸”QÓ 17. cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q wd« eB †c‡Z 20 UvKv Rgv w`‡e nq | 18. we`¨vj‡q wk¶Kiv wbqwgZ K¬v‡k Dcw¯’Z _v‡Kb bv | 19. wkï cvPv‡ii Lei cÖvqB cwÎKvš—‡i cÖKvwkZ n‡”Q | 20. Kg©Rxex wkïiv w`‡b 14 N›Uv LvU‡Q | 21. M„nKgx© GK wK‡kvix wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi n‡q‡Q| 22. ivR‰bwZK wgwQ‡j AskMÖnYKvix 5 Rb wkï‡K a‡i wb‡q AZ¨vPvi K‡i‡Q cywjk| 23. cvV¨cy¯—‡K Ò‡`‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi BwZnv‡mÓ Z_¨ weåvwš— NU‡Q | 24. nvmcvZv‡j Mjvq gv‡Qi KuvUv GK wK‡kvi mgq gZ wPwKrmv bv †c‡q gviv †M‡Q| 25. ‡bkvMÖ¯— GK wK‡kvi Pzwi Ki‡Z wM‡q aiv c‡o †e`g gvi †L‡q gviv †Mj| 26. 14 eQ‡ii wK‡kvix Av‡gbv‡K we‡q w`j Zvi gv-evev| 27. 2006 mv‡j 12 j¶ QvÎ QvÎx beg †kªYx‡Z †ev‡W© bvg †iwRw÷ª K‡iwQj |2008 mv‡j

GmGmwm cix¶vq AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q 6 jvL QvÎQvÎx 28. ‡mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb Av‡qvwRZ GK Abyôv‡b G‡m nvwi‡q †M‡Q ev‡Minv‡Ui GK wK‡kvi 29. wewoi KviLvbvq Kg©iZ 10% wK‡kvi wK‡kvix k¦vm cÖk¦vm RwbZ †iv‡M gvivZ¥K Amy ’

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QvÎ †mLv‡b 1g I 2q †kªYxi QvÎ‡ì covq 31. KzwoMÖv‡gi Pi GjvKvq 5-10 eQi eqmx wkky‡ì 50% ¯‹z‡j hvq bv 32. wkï GKv‡Wgx MZ GK eQ‡i gvÎ 3wU eB cÖKvk K‡i‡Q |

198

wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKi‡Y Revew`wnZv eë¯’vi djcÖmy w`K

GwU GKwU mn‡hvwMZvg~jK,MVbg~jK Avi AskMÖnYg~jK eë¯’v|






ev¯—evq‡b Zv‡ì mn‡hvwMZv cvIqv hvq| wkï‡ì‡K mwμq bvMwiK Ges AwaKvi‡fvMx (ivBU †nvìvim) wnmv‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`q| wkï Ges mswk−ó mKj c¶ Kg©m~wP‡K wb‡R‡ì Kg©m~wP wnmv‡e fve‡Z mn‡hvwMZv K‡i| wkï AwaKvi ev¯—evq‡b mKjc‡¶i mswk−óZv /NwbóZv evovq| ØvwqZ¡evnK‡ì AwaKZi ØvwqZ¡kxj K‡i| Dbœqb cÖwμqv‡K MwZkxj K‡i| Kg©m~wPi dj me© vB gvbm¤úbœ nq| Kg©m~wPi †UKmB jvf K‡i|

199

Abykxjb cÎ ÒRevew`wnZv e¨e¯’vKi‡YiÓ †iLvwPÎ (AvDU jvBb)

Kx e¨e ’v Kxfv‡e ev¯—evwqZ n‡e?

200

Awa‡ekb 12 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY :wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY

wkï AwaKvi cwiw¯’wZ we‡k−lY QK 1 wkïi †Kvb& †Kvb& AwaKvi jswNZ n‡q‡Q?



AwaKvi jsNb Kvix


KiYxq



AwaKvi cyi‡Y evav


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201

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202

Awa‡ekb 13 wkï AwaKvi Kg©m~wPKiY: cwiKíbv - j¶¨ wba©viY

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203

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204

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205

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206

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207

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209

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210


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211

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212




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213



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214

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215



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216



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AskMÖn‡Yi bxwZ

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217

Awa‡ekb 18 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK msMVb

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Ggb GKUv Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek m„wó Kiv †hLv‡b êwPÎ ev wfbœZv‡K cÖ‡Yv`bv †Ìqv nq Ges hvi j¶¨ AmgZv I Kzms¯‹vi‡K ~i Kiv, †hgb Kg©iZ RbK-Rbbx‡ì Kv‡Ri myweavRbK mgq wbe©vPb Kiv, cÖwZeÜx‡ì Rb¨ my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv|

†h wfbœZvi cwiw¯’wZi I KwgDwbwUi †cÖ¶vc‡U Avgiv KvR Kie, Zvi m‡½ msMwZ †i‡L Ggb Kgx© evwnbx M‡o Zzje, hv‡Z †mB wfbœZvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _v‡K, †hgbÑ wb‡qvMwewa‡K †mfv‡e ˆZwi Kiv|

Ggb GKwU Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek ˆZwi Kiv †hLv‡b cÖwZwU e¨w³i Rb¨ _vK‡e m¤§vb| †m Zvi Kv‡Ri mgq gh©v`v eRvq ivL‡Z cvi‡e, Ges wb‡R‡K nqivbx †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡e| †hgbÑ Dchy³ AvPiYwewa|

cÖwZôv‡bi wewa-eë¯’vq êlg¨nxbZvi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡ii Rb¨ AvBbMZ evaëvaKZv I Mrevav eë ’vi evB‡i wM‡q †bZ…Z¡ †Ìqv, †hgbÑ êlg¨nxbZvi cÖPvi-cÖmv‡i cy¯—K-cyw¯—Kv cÖKvk|

Kgx©iv hv‡Z cwi®‹vifv‡e eyS‡Z cv‡i wK Zv‡ì Kv‡Q hv cÖZ¨vkv Kiv n‡”Q Zvi Rb¨ wb‡`©wkKv I msjv‡ci my‡hvM ˆZwi Kiv| Zv‡ì bxwZgvjv, Kvh©wewa, wewa-weavb, BZ¨vw` wel‡q nvjbvMv` Z_¨ mieivn K‡i mg„× Kiv| †hgbÑ Kgx© g~j¨vqb c×wZ (staff review mechanism)|

μgvMZ e„w× †c‡Z _vKv wewfbœ êwPÎ¨m¤^wjZ cÖwZôvb‡K cwiPvjbv Kiv| GLv‡b Ø›Ø nq‡Zv evo‡Z _vK‡e Ges †mUv‡K MVbg~jK I D™¢vebx c‡_ cwiPvjbv K‡i Ávb I AwfÁZv AR©b Kiv| AvZ¥gh©v`v, kª×v Ges b¨vh¨Zvi g~jbxwZ

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AwaKvi‡Kw›`ªK cÖwZôvbmg~‡ni g‡¯—v eo wPš—vi welq n‡”Q †h, wKfv‡e Zviv cÖvwZôvwbK wePvi-we‡ePbvq AZ¨š— DbœZ gvb eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i, Zvi c_ wba©viY Kiv Ges †m¸‡jv cÖwZôv‡bi mKj Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b A_©vr mKj Kv‡R eënvi wbwðZ Kiv (AvPiY-wewa, bxwZgvjv, BZ¨vw`‡Z cÖwZdwjZ Kiv)|

cÖwZôvb‡K G e¨vcv‡i wbivcËv eë¯’v, ^v ’ eë ’v, wbivc‡` ivLvi eë¯’v BZ¨vwì ev¯—evqb †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Kgx©‡ì cÖksmv I cyi®‹vi ch©š— cÖwZwU wel‡q eë¯’v wb‡Z nq|

wewaeë ’vi (procedure) g‡a¨ ÷vd‡ì cÖwZwbwaZ¡, ¯^”QZv Ges Av‡jvPbvwfwËK wm×vš— MÖnY I wm×vš— ÁvZKi‡Yi wel‡q e¨vL¨v †Ìqv _v‡K, †Zgwb _v‡K †m¸wj AR©b Kivi Ges Awf‡hvM n‡j wK Ki‡Z n‡e, †m wel‡q we`¨gvb eë¯’vi K_vI|

GKwU cÖwZôvb G e¨vcv‡i hw` Ggb c×wZ MÖnY K‡i, hv ÔcÖvwZôvwbK mywePviÕ‡K gvby‡li mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i, Zv Kvh©Kifv‡e ÷vd‡ì ˆbwZKZv, DØy×KiY Ges ÷vd‡ì PvKzwi Z¨vM bv Kivi cÖeYZvi c‡¶ g~jgš¿ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i Ges cÖwZôv‡bi evB‡ii cwim‡i cÖwZôv‡bi AR©‡bi Ges cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨š—‡i cÖfv‡ei †¶‡ÎI Gi A‡kl Ae`vb iv‡L|

Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZ

GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi Kgx©‡ì c‡¶ m¤úvw`Z KvR Ges M„nxZ eë ’vwì Rb¨ cÖwZôv‡bi Revew`wn PvIqv Ges †Kvb Kgx©i c‡¶ wb‡R‡K Revew`wni Rb¨ Db¥y³ Kiv †ek KóKi I RwUj KvR| †m †¶‡Î K‡g© wbhyw³i cvi¯úwiK †evSvcovg~jK Pwi‡Îi Kvi‡Y cÖwZôv‡bi I †Kvb we‡kl Kgx©i Df‡qiB †hŠw³K cvIbv `vex Kivi I m¤§vb cvevi AwaKvi †hgb Av‡Q, †Zgwb Zv‡ìI b¨¯— `vwqZ¡ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cvj‡bi evaëvaKZv Av‡Q| cÖvwZôvwbK Revew`wnZvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q mvgwMÖK cÖwZkÖ“wZ, wm×vš—, cÖwZôvb KZ©„K cÖ`wk©Z AvPiY I g~j¨‡eva| Avi e¨w³MZ Revew`wnZvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q wb‡Ri Dci b¨¯— `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b H e¨w³ wK AvPiY K‡i‡Q, wK f~wgKv I KZUv `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Q|

wewaeë ’vi (mechanism) g‡a¨ Av‡Q wbhyw³i Pzw³cÎ; Kvh©cwiwa, cwiKíbv I ev‡RU, cÖZ¨vkvi my¯úó weeiY, †hvM¨Zvi msÁv, AewnZKi‡Yi (reporting)-Gi eë ’v, AwWU wewagvjv, mgvavK…Z Kv‡Ri wdWe¨vK c×wZmn eë¯’vcbv c×wZ Ges 360 wWMÖx G¨v‡cÖvPmg~n, bvwjk I k„•Ljv m¤úwK©Z wewa, †hvMv‡hvM Ges Z_¨cÖevn; Db¥y³Zv I ¯^”QZv|

Revew`wnZvi g~jbxwZi †K‡›`ª Av‡Q hviv AwaKv‡ii ¯^Z¡evb (GB †¶‡Î †h e¨w³ cÖwZôv‡bi KvR Ki‡Qb) Zviv †hb cy‡ivcywifv‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡i †Kvb †Kvb AwaKvi Zvi cÖvc¨ Ges †m hw` Zvi †Kvb AwaKvi `vex K‡i †m †hb †mUv mn‡R Ki‡Z cv‡i|

219

AskMÖnY I ¶gZvq‡bi g~jbxwZ

cÖwZôv‡bi g‡a¨ Kvh©Kifv‡e AskMÖn‡Yi eë¯’v _vK‡j Zv †hvMv‡hvM I civgk© cÖwμqvq, wm×vš— MÖnY c×wZ‡Z Ges kvmb cwiPvjbvi KvVv‡gv I e‡›`ve‡¯— Zvrch©c~Y© cÖfve †d‡j|

÷vd‡ì ¶gZvqb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡j cÖwZôv‡b Ab¨vb¨ g~jbxwZ †_‡K wPwýZ Kiv A‡bK¸wj e‡›`ve¯— _vK‡Z n‡e| GQvovI ‡Kvb wKQyi MÖnY ev cÖeZ©b c×wZ, Dchy³ mg_©‡bi my‡hvM, m¤ú` eivÏ, `vwqZ¡ n¯—vš—i, ewa©Z nevi my‡hvM, A¯’vqxfv‡e `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb, wbqg Abyhvqx KvR, cwiex¶Y, Ges GiKg bvbvwea welq Gi m‡½ RwoZ|

†hLv‡b Kgx©iv ¶gZvwqZ Ges cÖwZôv‡bi fv‡jvg‡›ì m‡½ cy‡ivcywi hy³ nq, †mLv‡b DØy×KiY, m„wókxjZv, Drcv`bÑ mewKQyB e„w× cvq|

Z‡e cÖZxKxfv‡e Ki‡jB wec`| †hgbÑ †Kvb GKwU Bmy¨‡Z LyeB Kvh©Kifv‡e wm×vš— †bevi ci †mB Bmy¨ wb‡q mnKgx©‡ì m‡½ kjvcivgk© Ki‡j Zviv ¶zä n‡eB| G‡Z Zv‡ì AvZ¥wek¦vm n«vm cvq| Aciw`‡K Kg Kv‡R AwZwi³ Kgx© jv‡M Ges Kv‡Ri gvb K‡g hvq|

wkï‡ì mv‡_ KvR Kivi g~jbxwZ

wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶v

wkïi m‡e©vËg ¯^v_©i¶vi Rb¨ †Kvb cÖwZôvb Ggb GKwU Kvh©Ki eë ’v ivL‡e hvi d‡j GKw`‡K Zviv GUv wbwðZ Ki‡e †h Zv‡ì KvRK‡g© wkï‡ì ¯^v_© I AwaKvi ¶zYœ n‡”Q bv; Aciw`‡K Zviv hLb hv wm×vš— †bq Zvi cÖv_wgK we‡ePbvB nq wkïi ¯^v_© I AwaKv‡ii cÖPvi I cÖmvi| Gi g‡a¨ Av‡Q wkï‡ì wbivcËv `vbKvix Ggb GKwU AvPiYwewa wbR Kgx© I Askx`vi‡ì g‡a¨ cÖeZ©b I KwVbfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv, hv‡Z wkï‡ì m¤¢ve¨ ¶wZ h_vm¤¢e mvgvb¨ nq, Ges Ggb GKwU e‡›`ve¯— Pvjy Kiv hvi Rb¨ wkï‡ì we‡kl K‡i cÖvwš—K I `y`©kvMÖ¯— Ae¯’v‡b _vKv wkï‡ì m‡e©v”P DcKvi cvevi †h †Kvb D‡`¨vM I my‡hvM-myweavi eë ’v m`vme© v mg_©b cvq| Dciš‘ GLv‡b cÖfve g~j¨vq‡biI (impact evaluation) GKwU e‡›`ve¯— _vK‡Z n‡eÑ BwZevPK I ¶wZKi †h cÖfveB co–K bv †Kb Zv Rvb‡Z n‡e| G m‡ei Rb¨ hv hv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †m m‡ei g‡a¨ _vK‡e ms‡kvwaZ wb‡qvM c×wZ, Kgx©‡ì Rb¨ AvPiYMZ wewagvjv, wkïevÜe cwimi ˆZwi Kiv; m¤úv`b (performance) eë¯’vcbv c×wZ, cÖfve g~j¨vqb, ˆbwZK (ethical) wewb‡qvM|

wkï‡ì AskMÖnY I wkï‡ì wbKU Revew`wnZv

Kv‡RK‡g© wmAviwc G¨v‡cÖvP cÖ‡qvM Kivi A_© n‡jv Kg©m~wPKi‡Yi †cÖ¶vc‡U †Kej wkïi gZvgZ †kvbv bq, Zv‡ì‡K cÖwZôv‡bi mKj Kv‡RÑ Ggb Kx Zvi †KŠkjMZ cQ›`, cwiex¶Y, g~j¨vqb

220

c×wZi gZ Kv‡R m¤ú„³ Kiv, †mf `¨ wPj‡Wªb-Gi gZ cÖwZôv‡b wkï‡ì cwiPvjbv eë¯’vq wKfv‡e Ges KZ ~i wb‡qvwRZ Kiv hvq Zv GLbI †`Lvi welq| wKš‘ Avgiv hviv eq¯‹, Avgv‡ì GRb¨ ¸i“ `vwqZ¡ enb Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgv‡ì me ai‡bi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †mLvb †_‡K wk¶vjvf Ki‡Z n‡e| Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cv‡iÑ

wkï‡ì‡K cvwiPvjbv KvVv‡gvi Ask Kiv;

wkï‡ì‡K cwiKíbv c×wZi Ask Kiv;

wkï‡ì cwiex¶Y I g~j¨vqb c×wZi D™¢veb, ev¯—evqb I cybwe©‡ePbvKi‡Yi Ask Kiv;

cÖwZôv‡bi Af¨š—‡i my‡hvM-myweav I m¤ú` hv‡Z eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨ wkïevÜe cwimi ˆZwi Kiv;

‡hvMv‡hv‡Mi Rb¨ †KŠkj‡K wkïevÜe Kiv|

cÖwZôv‡bi cwiPvjbv c×wZ‡Z wkï‡ì Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ Kiv n‡j Zv wkï‡ì wbKU cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi †¶‡Î Av‡iv DbœwZ NUv‡e| hwÌ GUvB GKgvÎ e‡›`ve¯— bq| GKwU wkï AwaKviwfwËK cÖwZôvb me©‡Zvcv‡q wkï‡ì, Zv‡ì cwiev‡ii I KwgDwbwUi wbKU `vqe× _vK‡e| AvBbMZ evaëvaKZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K Uªvw÷ †evW©, †¯^”Qv‡meK, `vZv Ges iv‡óªi Kv‡Q GLb †h Revew`wn Ki‡Z nq, Zv‡KI AwZμg K‡i †h‡Z n‡e|

221

Awa‡ekb 19 wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb

cÖwk¶Y ‡Kvm© g~j¨vqb cÎ 1| wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi †Kvb 3wU welq Avcbvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q †ewk fvj †j‡M‡Q? K) L) M) 2| wkï AwaKvi wfwËK cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi †Kvb 3wU welq Avcbvi Kv‡Q me‡P‡q Kg fvj †j‡M‡Q? K) L) M)

3| GB cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi †Kvb ev †Kvb †Kvb Ask cwieZ©b Kiv ìKvi e‡j g‡b K‡ib Avcwb? Kx cwieZ©b Avbv cÖ‡qvRb?

4| bZzb Ab¨ †Kvb welq GB cÖwk¶Y †Kvm©-Gi Aš—f©~³ Kiv cÖ‡qvRb e‡j g‡b K‡ib? 5| GB cÖwk¶‡Y eëüZ cÖwk¶Y c×wZ¸wj h_v_© wQj wKbv G wel‡q Avcbvi gš—e¨ wjLyb| 6| GB cÖwk¶‡Y eëüZ DcKiYmg~n h‡_ó Dc‡hvMx© wQj wKbv G wel‡q Avcbvi gš—e¨ wjLyb| 7| cÖwk¶‡Yi mnvqK‡ì mnvqZv-‡KŠkj, `¶Zv wel‡q Avcbvi gZvgZ wjL~b| 5| Kv‡ì Rb¨ GB cÖwk¶Y -Gi Av‡qvRb Aby‡gv`b K‡ib Avcwb? 6| ‡Kvb civgk© _vK‡j wjLyb|

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