Cryogenic Machining and its Applications

ByIndranil Banerjee

Roll-000711701021B.Production.Engineering

4th Yr, 1st Sem

Under the Guidance of: Prof. S. Chkrobarty

What is Cryogenic Machining?Using Liquid Nitrogen (ln 2) as a Coolant for Tools

Why Cryogenic Machining?Environmentally soundChip Tool Interface Temperature greatly

reducedReduced Tool WearGreater tool lifeHigher production ratesHigher Cutting Force and Reduced Force

VarianceGreater Product QualityNo mist collection, filtration, wet chips,

contaminated work pieces or disposal costPower Saving

Liquid NitrogenTemperature -196˚C -321˚FColorlessInert, doesn’t react with other materials

Non toxicReadily vaporizes into gas.

A Machine Utilizing Cryogenic Machining and Schematic Diagram of the Machine Set-up

Nozzle Tool Assembly

Effect Of Cryogenic Machining on Cutting Force

Effect of Cryogenic Machining on Tool Wear

View of Worn out Tip of SNMG Inserts Under Dry and Cryogenic Cooling

Effect of Cryogenic Machining on Friction Coefficient

Effect of Cryogenic Machining on Surface Finish

Greater Tool Life

Application of Cryogenic MachiningMaterial Properties:

o Difficult to Machine Materialso High Shear Strengtho High Work Hardening Capacityo Low Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat and

thus High Cutting Temperatureo Materials that Absorbs Oxygen in High

Temperature and Become Brittleo Wear Resistant Alloys o High Abrasive Quality of the Materialo Super Alloys

Application of Cryogenic Machining

Machining of Stellite Composites

Hardened Steel and Irons Wrought Co-

Cr Alloy

Machining of Carbide Dies

Polymer:Polyurethane, Silicone etc.

Ti-6Al-4v Alloy

Nickel alloys

Machining Tantalum

Commercialization of Cryogenic Machining First Introduced in Industry by Project

Team Icefly Collaboration with Hardinge Machine Tool Builder in 2003

Specially developed for turning Some application for milling.

Now-a-days it is Used for: High Speed Machining for hard and super alloys Aerospace and Automobile Industries

Recent Breakthrough: MAG the global tool manufacturers are bringing out

new machine tools that utilizes cryogenic machining technology.

Advantages of Cryogenic MachiningTool life increases up to 40% in Titanium

turning.Tool life increases up to 130% in Hard

turning.Increase in MRR up to 290% in Hard

turning.Increase in MRR up to 60% in Titanium

milling.Tool life increases up to 260% in Titanium

milling

ConclusionIt is a very effective machining technique that

utilizes liquid nitrogen as coolant to bring down the temperature at the chip tool interface, reducing the tool wear and improving the product quality.

It has shown excellent results in machining difficult to machine materials, hard materials, super alloys etc. and found a place in the aerospace and automobile industries.

References ‘Cryogenic Machining’- Technology Innovation Forum, Project Icefly,

B&E Tool, 11/18/09 Experimental Investigation of Cryogenic Cooling by Liquid Nitrogen

in the Orthogonal Machining Process M.Dhananchezian, M. Pradeep kumar , A. Rajadurai Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University Chennai, India.

Cryogenic Machining of Tantalum Z.Y.Wang, Nevada Manufacturing Research Center, Dept. of Mechanical

Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA K.P. Rajurkar and J. Fan, Industrial and Management Systems

Engineering Dept., University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA

G. Petrescu, Nevada Manufacturing Research Center, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA

Friction and cutting forces in cryogenic machining of Ti–6Al–4V Shane Y. Hong , Yucheng Ding, Woo-cheol Jeong CRYOGENIC TREATMENT OF CUTTING TOOLS - ANDREW YONG ‘Effects of cryogenic treatment and refrigerated air on tool wear

when machining medium density fiberboard’- Judith Gisipa, Rado Gazob,∗, Harold A. Stewart c

Thank You