CULTURE OF PREPAREDNESS (MOCK EXERCISES) – AN INITIATIVE BY NDMA

BY

BRIG (DR) B K KHANNA,

SENIOR SPEC (TRAINING & CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT)

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY

Emergency Preparedness Emergency Preparedness and Evolving the Concept of and Evolving the Concept of

Mock ExerciseMock Exercise

Defining Emergency Defining Emergency PreparednessPreparedness

Emergency Preparedness – Emergency Preparedness – against natural & manmade against natural & manmade hazardshazards

Building up Infrastructure, Building up Infrastructure, Knowledge and Capabilities Knowledge and Capabilities

Personnel augmentation and Personnel augmentation and their training plans.their training plans.

Community preparedness Community preparedness Communication planCommunication plan Funding PoliciesFunding Policies Integrated DM PlanIntegrated DM Plan Covering complete DM CycleCovering complete DM Cycle

Testing of Emergency Testing of Emergency Preparedness Plans Preparedness Plans

Training and Re-training of Training and Re-training of all stakeholders/service all stakeholders/service providers providers

Awareness among Awareness among Community Community

Specialized response at Specialized response at industry/district/state/ industry/district/state/ national levelnational level

Coordination between Coordination between various Emergency Support various Emergency Support Functionaries Functionaries

Testing the organized Testing the organized response through response through conduct conduct of Mock Exerciseof Mock Exercise

Comparing Global Comparing Global Models Models

US Model:US Model: Orientation SeminarOrientation Seminar Table-top ExerciseTable-top Exercise DrillsDrills Functional ExerciseFunctional Exercise Full-Scale ExerciseFull-Scale Exercise

(Total Cost-in millions)(Total Cost-in millions)

Comparing Global Comparing Global Models Models

UK Model:UK Model: Seminar ExerciseSeminar Exercise Table-top ExerciseTable-top Exercise Control Post Control Post

ExerciseExercise Live ExerciseLive Exercise

Examples of Global WMD Examples of Global WMD Drills Drills

TOPOFF 1-3 TOPOFF 1-3 Chemical Weapon Drill Chemical Weapon Drill

in Cincinnati, Ohio in in Cincinnati, Ohio in May, 2000May, 2000

Testing the role of Mild Testing the role of Mild Causality Center (MCC) Causality Center (MCC) during Mass during Mass Toxicological EventToxicological Event

Exercises conducted by Exercises conducted by NATO for “Partnership NATO for “Partnership of Peace” of Peace”

Chemical Mock Exercises : Chemical Mock Exercises : Developing the Concept in Developing the Concept in

Indian ContextIndian Context

INDUSTRIAL VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA

1. India has 602 districts, 263 districts have Major Accident Hazard (MAH) units. 170 districts have more than 05 MAH Units.

2. A total of 1666 MAH Units in India (less the storages of hazardous substances, big warehouses, small factories). ‘On Site’ plans in place of only 1638 MAH Units. 28 MAH Units not even have ‘On Site’ Plans – Hope one of these not yours!!

3. Of 263 districts, 166 districts have ‘Off Site’ plans, but most NOT as per Schedule 12.

4. Mock Drills for ‘Off Site’ Plans rarely carried out.

STATUTORY PROVISIONS FOR CONDUCTING MOCK EXERCISES

1. MoEF Rules for ‘On Site’ and ‘Off Site’ Emergency Plans – 2001.

2. DM Act, 2005 mandates NDMA to coordinate the enforcement and implementation of its policy & guidelines.

3. The Act also mandates NDMA to take such preventive measures for the prevention of disaster or the

mitigation or preparedness and capacity building for dealing with a threatening disaster situation or disaster as it may consider necessary – Mock Exercise one such measure.

4. NDMA Guidelines on Chemical (Industrial) Disaster reinforces MoEF guidelines, to conduct mock drills for ‘On Site Plan’ at least once every six months and ‘Off Site Plan’ at least once every year.

5. NDMA Guidelines give out the formats for ‘On Site’ and ‘Off Site’ plans as Annexures.

NEED FOR MOCK DRILLNEED FOR MOCK DRILL

1.1. To Inculcate Culture of Preparedness.To Inculcate Culture of Preparedness.

2.2. To Examine the Plans and SOPs of Identified To Examine the Plans and SOPs of Identified Stakeholders.Stakeholders.

3.3. To Evaluate the Resource Status of various To Evaluate the Resource Status of various Departments.Departments.

4.4. To Coordinate the Activities of Various Agencies To Coordinate the Activities of Various Agencies for their optimum utilization. for their optimum utilization.

5.5. To use the Feed back to identify the gaps and To use the Feed back to identify the gaps and improve the Resource Capabilities to Face improve the Resource Capabilities to Face Actual Disasters.Actual Disasters.

Deficiencies in Exercising Deficiencies in Exercising Not Practised Not Practised

Regularly!Regularly! No Standard Format!No Standard Format! How to prepare for How to prepare for

Chemical Mock Chemical Mock Exercise?Exercise?

How to test and How to test and evaluate the outcome?evaluate the outcome?

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

1. To review Disaster Management Plan of the State.2. To evaluate the Emergency Response Plan and Standard Operating Procedures of the Industry/District/s selected for Mock Exercise.3. To highlight the Roles and Responsibilities of various Stakeholders.4. Enhance Coordination among Emergency Support Functions of various stakeholders at District level. 5. To generate Public Awareness by

involvement of Local Government, NGOs and Public.6. Identify the gaps in Resources, Manpower, Communications and in any other field.

STEPSSTEPSStep 1

1, Coordinating Conference(a) Delineating objectives of Mock Exercise.(b) Scope of Exercise.(c) Selection of the District/industry for Mock Exercise.(d) Date and Venue for Table Top and Mock Exercise.(e) Participants(f) Media Coverage.

Step 22. Table Top Exercise.

• Precursor to Mock Exercise.• Scenarios are initially painted at Local Industry level and spill over as “off

site” emergency where district admn comes to aid; sometimes help from State/neighbouring district/s may be sought.. Principal Secy DM, Collector/DC and Stakeholders at State and District levels like Director Industry, SSP, District Health Officer, Fire Officer, Public Services heads, NDRF Team Leader, Communication, Civil Defence, Home Guard, Red Cross, RTO, NGOs, Public Relations etc respond. Subsequent situations are painted as realistically as possible.

• Details of Coordination and Safety are discussed. • The Gaps are identified and Remedial Measures taken.

Step 3

3. Mock Exercise.

• Observers are detailed, briefed and format for assessment issued.• Self Assessment Formats are given to all stake holders.• Scenarios are formulated after due deliberations and the Mock

Exercise is conducted by painting of scenarios in a sequential

manner. • Sequence of events and Administrative Arrangements are finalized

with States & District Authorities beforehand. • Actions are taken on ground by concerned stake holders

on orders of their own departments. • Incident Command Post is established at district level for command

and control. The State may also operationalise EOC.• Relief Camps are established for evacuees.• Hospitals are earmarked for evacuation of casualties and Medical Aid

Posts are established at critical areas.

Step 3

3. Mock Exercise.

• Observers are detailed and format for assessment issued.• Self Assessment Formats are given to all stake holders.• Scenarios are formulated after due deliberations and the Mock

Exercise is conducted by painting of scenarios in a sequential

manner. • Sequence of events and Administrative Arrangements are finalized

with States & District Authorities beforehand. • Actions are taken on ground by concerned stake holders

on orders of their own departments. • Incident Command Post is established at district level for command

and control. The State may also operationalise EOC.• Relief Camps are established for evacuees.• Hospitals are earmarked for evacuation of casualties and Medical Aid

Posts are established at critical areas.

Step 4

Submission of Final Report.

• Reports are sent by all Stake Holders and Observers.

• A Final Report is made at NDMA.

• Lessons Learnt are circulated to all concerned.

Sl. Hazard Coordinating Conference

Table Top Mock Exercise

1. Floods Two Two Two

2. Earthquake Three Three Three

3. Cyclone Two Two Two

4. Chemical (Industrial)

Nine Nine Nine

5. Fire Five Five Five

Total Twenty one Twenty one Twenty one

SUMMARY OF MOCK EXERCISES 2007-2008

Sl. Hazard Coordinating Conference

Table Top Mock Exercise

1. Floods Four Four Four

2. Earthquake Four Four Four

3. Cyclone Two Two Two

4. Chemical (Industrial)

Ten Ten Ten

5. Fire Four Four Four

6. Others Two Two Two

Total Twenty Six Twenty Six Twenty Six

SUMMARY OF MOCK EXERCISES 2008-2009

CHEMICAL(INDUSTRIAL ) CHEMICAL(INDUSTRIAL ) DISASTER MOCK DRILLSDISASTER MOCK DRILLS

Industrial Complex, Greater Noida, UPIndustrial Complex, Greater Noida, UP Pithampur Industrial Complex, Dhar , MP.Pithampur Industrial Complex, Dhar , MP. Chemical Industry & Port Area, Mangalore.Chemical Industry & Port Area, Mangalore. Refineries and other chemical units in Visakhapatnam, AP.Refineries and other chemical units in Visakhapatnam, AP. Chemical/Metallurgical Industry in Chittaurgarh, Raj.Chemical/Metallurgical Industry in Chittaurgarh, Raj. Hazira Industrial Complex, Surat, Gujarat.Hazira Industrial Complex, Surat, Gujarat. OICL Refinery, Digboi, Dibrugarh, Assam.OICL Refinery, Digboi, Dibrugarh, Assam. Chemical & Pesticides Industries, Ernakulum, Kerala.Chemical & Pesticides Industries, Ernakulum, Kerala.

CHEMICAL(INDUSTRIAL ) CHEMICAL(INDUSTRIAL ) DISASTER MOCK DRILLS – DISASTER MOCK DRILLS –

2008-20092008-2009

Chemical/Refineries in Chembur, Mumbai.Chemical/Refineries in Chembur, Mumbai. Chemical & Other Hazard Industries, Coimbatore, TN.Chemical & Other Hazard Industries, Coimbatore, TN. Fertilizer Industry at Paradeep, Orissa.Fertilizer Industry at Paradeep, Orissa. Chemical, Hazardous Port Area, Haldia.Chemical, Hazardous Port Area, Haldia. Steel Plant & Hazardous Industries, BhilaiSteel Plant & Hazardous Industries, Bhilai Thermal Plant at Kota, Rajasthan.Thermal Plant at Kota, Rajasthan. Chemical & Pesticides Industries, Goa.Chemical & Pesticides Industries, Goa. Chemical/ Hazardous Industries, Bangalore.Chemical/ Hazardous Industries, Bangalore. Oil Refineries, Jamnagar.Oil Refineries, Jamnagar. Oil Refinery & Bottling Plant, Numaligarh, Assam.Oil Refinery & Bottling Plant, Numaligarh, Assam.

LESSONS LEARNT LESSONS LEARNT

MAJOR LESSONS LEARNTMAJOR LESSONS LEARNT DM Plans of Industries and Districts not as per DM Act 2005 and Guidelines issued DM Plans of Industries and Districts not as per DM Act 2005 and Guidelines issued

by NDMA and schedule 11 & 12 MoEF Rules. DM Plans of Industries & District by NDMA and schedule 11 & 12 MoEF Rules. DM Plans of Industries & District in isolation, Need to revisit & review DM Plans by professional Disaster Managers.in isolation, Need to revisit & review DM Plans by professional Disaster Managers.

Shortage of PPE with First Responders.Shortage of PPE with First Responders. Senior Mgmt not conscious of Safety for self.Senior Mgmt not conscious of Safety for self. Gaps in Medical Response – Shortage of stretchers, est of first aid post, triage, amb Gaps in Medical Response – Shortage of stretchers, est of first aid post, triage, amb

as load carriers and hospital preparedness(surge capacity).as load carriers and hospital preparedness(surge capacity). No local SAR Teams.No local SAR Teams. Fire Fighting equipment short & obsolete.Fire Fighting equipment short & obsolete. Concept of ICP and its functioning.Concept of ICP and its functioning. Response of Disstrict Adm luke warm.Response of Disstrict Adm luke warm. Duplication of Communications.Duplication of Communications. ‘‘On site’ plans practised as a drill not for learning and ‘off site’ plans not practised On site’ plans practised as a drill not for learning and ‘off site’ plans not practised

regularly.regularly. Spreading general awareness in the neighbourhood community – adopting villages.Spreading general awareness in the neighbourhood community – adopting villages. Industry very apprehensive of interacting with media – media management.Industry very apprehensive of interacting with media – media management.

FILM AND ADS FOR GEN FILM AND ADS FOR GEN AWARENESSAWARENESS

Film on Mock Exercises conducted by Film on Mock Exercises conducted by

NDMA – 11.41.NDMA – 11.41.

Awareness Campaign through Ads.Awareness Campaign through Ads.