CURRENT EVENTSAPRIL '99 Promoting the use of electric vehicles since 1967 Vol. 31 No. 4

Continued on page 8

Electric Auto Association

EV Holds Off Gas-Powered Racers”Mixes It Up”

with 200 HP NASA Mazdas3/21/99 Firebird Raceway, Phoenix,

AZ - An electric race car that clocked anunofficial time of 1minute 23 seconds andreached speeds of 112 and 115 mph onFirebird’s 1.6-mile road-race course showedthat alternate-energy vehicles can competesuccessfully with gas cars on their ownterritory. During practice runs atthe EVTC Arizona Electrics, sev-eral electric vehicles joined a groupof NASA (National Auto SportAssociation) Mazdas and otherNASA entries. NASA and EVTCwere sharing the track and NASAgenerously allowed the EVTCelectric entries to join their prac-tice and run demonstration laps.During the first shared practice,Car #13, an EV Porsche 914,fielded by Optimal PerformanceRacing and Mike’s Auto Care ofSan Mateo, CA opened some eyes,not just at EVTC, but at NASA aswell.

The electric 914 not only held evenwith the Mazdas — it passed several, dem-onstrating acceleration, braking and han-dling performance equivalent to the 200 hp,nitrous-oxide boosted NASA cars. “Theywant to know, what is your pedigree,” the

EVTC officials said to the Optimal Perfor-mance team, relaying queries from the NASAside after the Porsche’s first run.

During the run with the NASA cars, thePorsche’s driver, Richard Hatfield, reportedthat the NASA corner workers were enthu-siastic about having the electric on-track. “I

heard them on the radio and they werecheering me on,” said Hatfield later.

The Porsche was able to take advantageof its excellent handling capability by catch-ing and passing the Mazdas while coastingthrough the S-turns. Even during heavyacceleration the car was efficient: the team

reporting that at the end of the straight-away, just before the turn into the 1.1 milecourse, the Porsche EV was doing 95 mphwhile drawing only 100 amps.

The Porsche also showed its perfor-mance to its electric compatriots, during theAdvanced High School and Stock heat race

on Saturday, 3/20/99. The Opti-mal Performance team intended toshow that a DC car could keep upwith the AC-powered entries and,for a while they were making theirpoint, as the 914 hung on thebumpers of the SRP Probe, #90,and the University of IdahoCamaro, #25, threatening to passduring the first several laps. How-ever the 914’s controller wentinto thermal cutback and the carfaltered, slowing, but still finish-ing the heat race.

The Porsche also startedstrongly in the 20-mile final, but

a microswitch on the throttle potentiometerbroke, sending the car coasting to the sideof the track during lap 3. Knowing that theirentry had the potential to win the Electricsstock class, the discouraged but not de-feated Optimal Performance team repairedthe car and sent it out to tangle with the

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Current EVents / April '99Page 2

IN THIS ISSUE CE STAFF

COPYRIGHT 1999 c Current EVents is a publication of the Electric Auto Association.All rights reserved. While Current EVents and the Electric Auto Association strive forclarity and accuracy, we assume no responsibility for usage of this information. Permis-sion to copy for other than commercial use is given, provided that full credit is given tooriginator of material copied. This permission does not extend to reprinted articles.

In This Issue

1

EditorClare BellE-mail: CE96ed@aol.comTele: (510) 864-9293 -or- (510) 521-4300Fax: (510) 864-2093c/o Green Motorworks, Hanger 20 Suite1392701 Monarch Street, Alameda PointAlameda, California 94501

News In BriefRuth Shipley

CE Reporters/ContributorsWill Dahlgren, Scott Cornell, Sparkz

Photo credits:Clare Bell, Roy Kaylor

Calendar of EventsAnna Cornell

Advertising ManagerRoy KaylorE-mail: eaanews@juno.comTele: (831) 338-2200 Fax: (510) 864-20931918 Menalto Ave.Menlo Park, CA 94025

Production/PublishingGraphic Design/Schedule EditorKurt BohanE-mail: eaanews@juno.comTele: (510) 814-1864 or (510) 864-9293Fax: (510) 864-2093EAA News, Hangar 20 Suite 1462701 Monarch Street, Alameda PointAlameda, California 94501

Article SubmissionsThe deadline for articles is the 25th of eachmonth for the next issue of CE. Articlesreceived after this date will be retained forfuture issues of CE. Contact the editor formore information.

AdvertisementsA full advertisers information package andRate Sheet can be sent by U.S. Mail, Fax orE-mail. Please contact advertising manageror CE staff for details.

National EAA1-800-537-2882 or www.eaaev.orgTony Cygan tonyc@144volts.com

Membership/Address Changes60 Alan Dr., Pleasant Hill, CA 94523-1902

3

Other sources have covered the EVTC Phoenix Electrics (though CE will havedetailed coverage in the next issue). However something new happened at the racethat I feel deserves mention, namely that a stock conversion EV went head-to-headwith gasoline-powered cars and performed well enough to turn heads. No officialplacement or time came out of the practice or the NASA race itself, though the cardid place 3rd in the 12 mile Electrics stock heat. The car was my own #13 andthe team was Optimal Performance racing. At the risk of tooting my own hornexcessively, I present the un-told tale of how the attitude-adjusting device knownas the red Porsche 914 “mixed it up with the gas-mobiles” in order to inspire otherEV racers to do the same.

Another Flag Bearer For DC explores why Optimal Performance Racing fieldeda brushed DC car against the AC powered favorites. This editorial also argues whyEAA members need to continue building and driving bushed DC conversion cars.We welcome the new commercial EVs and a number of our members are drivingthem. But more than ever we need to continue our traditional conversion EVs,which are truly “vehicles for social change”.

Some real basic hands-on for EV newbies and oldies alike, plus how to save somebucks while building your EV. All this and more in a collaboration between ScottCornell and CE’s Sparkz, in a piece with the down-home title of “How to MakeBattery Cables Cheap But Good”, part 1.

Just as CE was going to layout, the flap erupted about Honda pulling the plugon the EV Plus. Again, we will have detailed coverage in the May issue, but thestory on the Honda EV Plus recall gives some needed background to understand-ing the situation. And a quick FAQ on the EV Plus by Plus driver Will Dahlgren.

Giving EVs access to the High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lane would add a bigincentive to commuters to go electric. Here’s some of the details on the HOV LaneAccess Bill (California Assembly Bill 71) and references for more information. Ifyou want to EV in the HOV, make your voice heard!

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5

10

The Thirteener reels in a gas Mazda during a NASA practise session.

PHOTO CREDIT - COVER

DID THE DOG EAT YOUR EV PREVIEW 2000?Or did your gasoline car leave oily tire tracks on the cover?Well, never fear! EAA in its wisdom bought EXTRA copies (for those

unfortunates who harbor magazine-eating puppies or vengeful petro-mobiles). Sojust order up another for your friendly EAA store and it’ll be right in your mailbox.Just be sure that the above-mentioned malevolent entities don’t get to it first.

For those unfortunates who aren’t members and did not receive this excellentsurvey of EVs and HEVs available by the year 2000, JOIN EAA NOW! and ordera copy via the EAA store order form, conveniently located on p. 23.

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Continued on page 8

EDITOR'S CORNER

effectively with the AC-powered cars. Just asRod Wilde, John Wayland and others hadsmoked the AC-powered EV1 on the dragstrip, the Advanced DC-9-inch-powered #13would lead the field in the ElectricsStock road race.

The team has no quarrel withAC powered systems, as used inthe commercial EVs and Phoenixracers. They are an excellent de-velopment, adding speed, powerand versatility to EVs. The AC-powered EV1 has been a majorattitude-adjuster, clearing away theimage of poky EVs. AllanCocconi’s T-Zero promises tocontinue that legacy in spades.

However these systems arestill out of reach for the majority ofthose who build and race EVconversions. Brushed DC motorswith relay systems and later, controllers,made the first modern-era EVs possible andaffordable. They work well, they have workedfor more than thirty years and they cancontinue to work. Though brushed DC wasa fairly mature technology, developments inhigh-voltage controllers have given it newpromise. Some in the EV industry feel thatthe brushed DC systems should be sweptaway by newer developments or relegated tosecond-class status - sort of EV consolationprizes for those who can’t afford the topequipment. I disagree. AC and DC bothhave advantages and drawbacks. One is notintrinsically better or more high-tech thanthe other. Different EVs have different re-quirements - some best met by AC, some

by brushless DC or permanent magnet,others by brushed DC in various forms;shunt, series or compound.

Equality, Opportunity and DCThe lower cost of brushed DC systems

allow those who would otherwise be lockedout of an EV to build and drive one. Theyhave prevented EVs from becoming justhigh-tech toys for the elite or concept ve-

hicles that were never produced. BrushedDC cars have been the closest we could getto mass-market EVs and in so doing, theyhave become social equalizers. Enough ofthem were built and driven to show that theconcept was viable, not just for high-in-come yuppies but for Mr. and Mr. J.Q.Public. DC cars didn’t wait for Detroit -Detroit followed them.

The REAL ReasonWe Need Conversions

Yes, we have commercial EVs now andwe welcome them - the EV1, the EV Plus,the Ford Ranger, the Prius and others.However their presence in the marketplaceis still tentative and highly controlled. The

companies who made and marketed themcould easily pull them back. Automotivepundits are already branding the EV1 a flopand GM doesn’t seem to be doing much torebut those claims. They could recall all thecars, scrap them and call the experiment afailure.

Granted, that is not likely. The EV catis pretty much out of the bag and it wouldtake some major effort to stuff her back in.

However for one who sat throughthe California Air Resources Boardhearings on zero emission ve-hicles only a few years ago andlistened to the automakers repeat-edly say, “we can’t, we don’twanna and we ain’t gonna”, itisn’t easy to trust the apparentchange of heart. Especially since itis no longer backed up (at least inCA) by strong ZEV legislation.The 1998 mandate was swept awayand the 2003 one looks like it isgoing to topple.

“Why, since we are so will-ing to build EVs, you don’t needthe ZEV laws any more do you?”

say the auto companies in beguiling tones.I would like to believe that I can trust incorporate goodwill, but that quantity isnotorious for being switched on and off asthe bottom line dictates.

Let’s face it, without the ZEV laws, weare dependent on the enthusiasm and will-ingness of the big guys. OK, I’m glad theyseem to have come around, but the situationstill makes me a little nervous.

As our OPEC buddies often say, trustyour fellows, but tie up your camel.

EV drivers and advocates have onlyrecently come in from the cold (of beingviewed as somewhere beyond the lunaticfringe). But we are still far from the main-stream as far as much of the corporate world

Another Flag-Bearer for DCby Clare Bellhe Optimal Performance Racing Teamlaunched this year’s Phoenix effort with aprimary purpose in mind. We wanted

to demonstrate that a (relatively)low cost DC system could competeT

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Current EVents / April '99Page 4

TECH TALK

How To Make Battery Cables Cheap But Goodretail price. Shrink tube is less expensivewhen purchased in rolls or 6 foot lengths androlls of 1/2-inch copper tubing and electricalrosin-core solder from the hardware store canmake a lot of cable ends.

Note: buy NEW copper tubing. Youneed stuff that has a bright clean interior, notoxidized or corroded. This is important toassure a good low-resistance connection.You can cut corners on everything else, butNOT this.

Uncle Scott’s Cabling BeeIf a group of EV builders pool their

resources and buy enough material to cable

up several cars, their resources can go evenfurther. And, if a group or a chapter getstogether to have a cable-making session,churning out the interconnects for their carsbecomes a party rather than a pain. Since thetools, (except possibly the propane torch) arecommon and all are inexpensive, they can beduplicated, letting everyone participate. Itmight be fun to set up a Cabling Bee, alongthe lines of a quilting bee. EAAers are knownto have battery-loading gatherings - why notdo the same when making cables? (Onemight have to limit the beer consumption,however, or you might end up with somevery odd-looking or not quite suitable pro-ductions)

So, in preparation for your next chapterCabling Bee, here’s how to do it:

Lay out your tools and materials so thatthey are easily accessible and don’t get lost

by Scott Cornelland SparkzPart One: The Basics

Battery cables and interconnects aren’tthe most expensive part of an EV, but thereare enough of them that costs do start tomount up. If you want your money to gotoward a fancier controller or a bigger motor,here’s how you can save a bit.

The usual components of an EV batterycable include the cable itself, at about $2.00per foot, two crimp-on lugs at $2.50 - $3.50each, depending on type, a small squirt ofcorrosion preventative (Noalox or CuAlAid),and shrink tube, preferably the stuff with glueor sealant inside. The cost per cable is over$5.00 each and for the longer ones, closer to$10. Chump change, perhaps, but if youtimes it by 10 or 15, it does start to mountup.

Cables for Buzz BunnyScott Cornell, of Common Sense Engi-

neering, devised a way to make cheap butserviceable cables when he and his wife Annaput together their first Rabbit, Buzz BunnyOne. He uses materials one can get from anyhardware store, namely copper tubing andelectrical solder. Recently Scott demon-strated his technique at the East Bay EAAmeeting, creating a battery interconnect righton the spot.

The tools needed are also simple, inex-pensive, and are likely to be found in anyhousehold or garage. You don’t even need aspecialized electrical crimper or heat gun.Scott puts his cables together using a smallpropane torch with an igniter, a tape measureor ruler, a hammer, a hacksaw, a razor knife,a block of wood, a hand drill and bits.

Materials can be garnered inexpensively.Even 2/0 welding cable can be bought usedfrom surplus houses for about 1/2 to 2/3 the

(important if many people are sharing thesame tools).

Find a safe place to use the propanetorch so you don’t set the curtains or theparakeet on fire. Make a place to drill whereyou won’t punch holes in guests, children,pets, furniture or self. A vice is a good ideato secure the cable ends while you aredrilling holes in them. If you don’t have aworkbench, or an old table, use the cementfloor in your garage (put some cardboard orcarpet down to save your knees) and drill ontop of the wood block.

Please use eye protection, either safetyglasses or goggles, when working withpower tools , torch and solder. Rosin cansplatter, chips can fly....

For those smarties who think they needonly the theory, here’s an overview. Thesecables are made by stripping back the endsof a 2/0 welding cable length, inserting theends into inch-long cut sections of coppertube and hammering the copper tube flat.The flattened tube with the wire inside isthen heated with the torch and filled withsolder to create a blank lug end. The sand-wich of smashed copper tube, solder andwire then has a hole drilled for the batterybolt. To finish up, the junctions betweenwire and copper tube at both ends are coveredwith shrink tube for neatness and to preventcorrosion.

This method actually has an advantageover the crimp-on lug method in that you aredrilling the hole for the battery bolt in boththe flattened copper tubing AND the solder-filled wire. Scott says that he has had thetraditional crimp-on lug ends fail, but hasnever had any trouble from his smashed andsoldered copper tube ones.

You also do not need to use Noalox orCuAlAid because the connections are barecopper to bare copper.

Simple, straightforward and easy, yes?

Next month, part two, Step-by-Step In-structions

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Current EVents / April '99 Page 5

Honda Recalls EV Plus FleetCommercial EVs

Bienenfeld, a Honda spokesperson, the re-call involves nearly the entire fleet of EVPluses, some 220 vehicles built during the1997, 1998 and 1999 model years. Theproblem involves a sudden and unexpecteddeceleration of the vehicle at speeds above 50miles per hour to 30 miles per hour. Honda’sBienenfeld told EV World that there havebeen six incidences in six different vehiclessince the EV Plus’s public introduction inMay, 1997. There have been no accidents orinjuries as a result of this defect.

The problem stems from a softwareprogramming error in the Motor ElectronicControl Unit (ECU). The ECU controls thepower output of the electric motor whichpropels the car. It has two control feedbackloops or sensors in its circuitry; one a low-speed feedback loop for speeds below 30mph, and a high-speed feedback loop calleda high current sensor for speeds above 30mph. These sensors are designed to protectthe electric drive motor from over-speeding.They sample current flow and compare it toan array of preset values.

Honda now admits the high currentsensor values were incorrectly set. “Thehigh and low range of what is acceptablehigh current sensor values is too narrowlydefined,” Bienenfeld said. The result is thatunder certain operating conditions, the ECUwill “misdetect” a high current sensor fail-ure. As Bienenfeld was quick to point out,the sensor hasn’t actually failed, the ECUjust thinks it has. When this happens, thevehicle automatically defaults back to itslow-speed sensor causing the vehicle tosuddenly decelerate to 30 mph.

According to Bienenfeld, the vehiclegoes into regenerative braking mode toslow the car to 30 mph. The systemdoesn’t engage the brake lights, so ve-hicles following close behind also have

no warming when the car decelerates.Fortunately, there have been no rear-endcollisions as a result of this problem.

The conditions which can cause thefaulty sensor reading occur when the car’straction batteries are below 30% state-of-charge (SOC) and the vehicle is travelingover 50 mph.

Honda has advised all its EV Pluslessees and the National Highway TrafficSafety Administration of the problem andrecommended that until the problem canbe fixed, operators do not drive the ve-hicle above 50 mph if the vehicle’s SOCis below 30%. Theofficial notificationletter advises the fol-lowing:

“In the mean-time, always checkyour car’s state ofcharge before you en-ter the freeway or otherhigh-speed roadway.If your trip will re-duce te state of chargeto three bars or less,use streets or otherlower-speed road-ways, and keep yourspeed below 50 mph.”

Honda said it will begin repairs to theproblem in January. They will replacethe faulty control module with one thatincorporates a broader set of feedbackvalues, ones that will indicate a realsensor failure, rather than a pseudo failure.In addition, should the system detect areal sensor failure, the car now will beprogrammed to automatically go into acoasting mode until it reaches 30 mph,instead of suddenly decelerating to 30mph.

Bienenfeld told EV World that theyare advising their lessees to set aside a dayfor the repairs. While replacing the faulty

module should take less than half an hour,each car must be recharged to 100%

SOC before it can be returned to itsowner, a procedure that could take severaladditional hours. Honda dealers who handlethe EV Plus are installing extra chargers attheir dealership to ensure there will be noadded delays in getting the cars back on theroad.

In addition, any lessees who findtheir daily driving regime makes it im-possible to comply with Honda’s operat-ing recommendation, Honda will providethem with a rental car until the repairs can

be made. Honda is also making arrange-ments to have service technicians visit fleetlocations and made the repairs on site.

Honda requests EV Plus lessees whomight have questions to call their localHonda dealers or the Honda Consumer Af-fairs Department at (800) 999-1009.

Honda EV PlusCopyright 1997-98 Digital Revolution. All rights reserved.P.O. Box 461132, Papillion, NE 68046Telephone: (402) 339-9877E-mail: editor@evworld.com

n what is surely the first of its kind fora production electric vehicle, AmericanHonda Motor Company, Inc. recentlyissued a safety recall on its EV Pluselectric car. According to Robert

I

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Current EVents / April '99Page 6

Commercial EVs

Honda EV PlusSome

Frequently AskedQuestions

byWill Dahlgren, East Bay EAA

The Honda EV Plus is not an oversizedgolf cart. It is a joy to drive and very quiet.In San Francisco, it can easily climb thesteepest hills. Range, on a full charge, willvary (depending on driving conditions) from80 freeway to 100 city miles. It has powersteering and power ABS brakes. It even hasluxury items such as automatic climatecontrol, power windows, door locks andmirrors, and a CD player audio system.

Power PlantThe EV Plus has a 49 kilowatt (kW)

high efficiency motor. It can achieve anefficiency of 90%-95% as compared to 75%to 80% for combustion engines. Although49 kW translates into about 66 horsepower,the driving feel and response is comparableto conventional cars with much higher horse-power ratings. The power train offers verysmooth and continuous acceleration (0-30mph in 4.6 seconds, 0-60 mph in 17.7seconds). Top speed is over 80 mph.

Batteries/ChargingThe EV Plus battery pack is composed

of 24 12V (288V total) Nickel-Metal Hy-dride batteries. It is totally enclosed and ismounted under the floor of the passengercabin. The vehicle has an onboard conduc-tive charger that will accept either 220 VACor 110 VAC input. At 220 VAC it takesabout 6 to 8 hours to charge from 20% to100% (full charge). For safety, all high voltagecomponents are fully enclosed and isolated fromthe vehicle body.

San FranciscoSan Francisco HondaChristian Nguyen (415) 441-2000www.sfhonda.com

SacramentoMel Rapton HondaJoni Romer (916) 482-5400

DublinDublin HondaDoug Miller (510) 828-8030

San JoseStevens Creek HondaRobert Camp (408) 247-2550www.autoweb.com/dealers/schonda

American Honda Motorwww.honda.com

SHOPAT THE

EAA STORESEE PAGE 23

Honda Drops ‘EV Plus’to Start Building

Hybrid EVs04/26/1999 Torrance, Calif. - Honda

Motor Co. announced today it is ceasingproduction of its ‘EV Plus’ electric car andwill begin building its hybrid-electric ‘V V’passenger car that goes on sale in the U.S.later this year. Honda said it had alreadybuilt and will deliver 300 EV Plus carswithin the next few weeks - the number itagreed to in a compromise agreement withthe California Air Resources Board when itpostponed its 1998 zero-emission vehicle(ZEV) requirements to 2003. Following the1996 agreement, CARB further relaxed itsrules to grant ZEV credits for other types ofelectric vehicles, including hybrids (NewsNotes 7/7/98). Honda’s ‘V V’ hybrid, ex-pected to be the first hybrid-electric caroffered in the U.S., reportedly incorporatessecond-generation electric drivetrain andbattery-management technology developedwith information gleaned from Honda’s EVPlus test program. Of the 300 EV Plusvehicles, about half went to private indi-viduals, the others to fleet and utility cus-tomers.

Thanks to Marty Bernard and MichaelLewis of CALSTART News Notes

The 110VAC system can be pluggedinto any 15A household outlet. However,since it takes over 30 hours for a full charge,this option is considered only for emer-gency/occasional use. Of course, if you aregoing to drive 85 miles to visit friends for aweekend, this works out well.

Electricity costs220 VAC charging requires a profes-

sionally installed charging station at theprincipal off-street parking location. A timeris usually added to allow charging to happenafter midnight. PGE will exchange yourmeter for one that collects information onboth the energy used and the time of use.Currently the after-midnight rate is about 5cents per kWhr. This translates into anelectricity cost of $1.50 for 85 miles ofdriving.

LeasingHonda only leases the EV Plus. The

unlimited-mileage three-year lease includescomprehensive and collision insurance cov-erage, all maintenance and roadside assis-tance. Northern California Honda dealersthat lease the EV Plus:

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Current EVents / April '99 Page 7

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EAAMembership Drive

The goal is to double ourmembership by year’s end ’99

The Board of Directors ap-proved the first recommenda-

tion of the membershipcommittee, consisting of Roy

Kaylor and Scott Cornell

For each new membersponsored by an existing

member, the existingmember will receive a

free three-month exten-sion of his or her mem-

bership!This trial benefit is good for

a test period of six months,ending August 31, 1999.

Sign up four new membersbefore August 31, 1999 andget a free extension of your

membership for a whole year!(A $39.00 reward)

Just think;Sign up a hundred new

members and get a 25 yearfree extension of your

membership (A $975.00reward)

Hey! Sign up a thousand newmembers and get a 250 yearfree extension of your mem-bership plus a free licenseplate holder. (A 9750.00 +

reward)

With a hundred thousandmembers, we could be a real

political force.If this membership drive is

successful, then the otherrecomendations may also beimplemented, which would

be of benefit to all

For more Info. call:Roy Kaylor

650 325-6900 -or-831-338-2200

(kaylor@access1.net)

Tech

is concerned (yes, there are some excep-tions). Let’s not kid ourselves -- we are stillfundamentally outsiders with ideas and at-titudes that have been threatening in the pastand could be again. They are being nice tous now, and providing us with shiny newtoys, but they could change their minds,take away our EV1s, EV Pluses, dismantleour infrastructure and shove us right back outinto the snowstorm.

THAT is why we need conversions.As long as we drive and build our

brushed DC cars, the idea will be kept alive.EVs will be in the hands of those who reallybelieve in them, not because they happen tobe the hottest fad at them moment. We needconversions because they are most funda-mentally vehicles for social change.

Conversions are built by individuals ina decentralized environment; they are con-trolled by individuals and cannot easily beco-opted or taken away. They are examples,gadflies, challenges to business as usual,rolling statements that there can and shouldbe a better way to treat the earth and our-selves. They take us beyond words to ac-tions. They funnel our energy, talents, be-liefs, creativity and outrage into somethingphysical that is good for the world. Buildingand driving an EV is a political action; it isan act of public witness, akin in some waysto civil disobedience.

Until the commercial EVs are firmlyestablished in the market, namely sold inmass-market quantities at mass-market prices(with mass-market financing!), EAA mem-bers and dedicated EV-ers must continuebuilding conversions.

For viable, economic conversions, westill need the low-cost DC systems. Weneed the vendors to sell them, we need theyoung hotshot controller designers to buildbetter ones and we need competitive flag-bearing cars to demonstrate them and en-courage folks to use them.

And that’s why we did what we did thisyear with #13. Besides, it was fun. - CB

Flag-Bearer Continued from page 3

EDITOR'S CORNER

EV Holds Off Continued from page 1

gasoline competitors. “We REALLYwanted to see what it would do out there,”said crew-chief Mike Slominski, speakingfor the team. And Optimal Performance,EVTC and NASA found out.

Since NASA was using the longer 1.6mile course and the EVTC Electrics wasusing the 1.1 mile course, the 914’s perfor-mance during the NASA practice run trans-lated into less than a minute around the trackused for the Electrics 20-mile final.

This was the first time that an EV hasrun with NASA cars, marking a historicalprecedent. Other EVs have competed inSCCA Solo 2 autocross and done demon-stration runs at various tracks, however thisis the first time an EV has successfully“mixed it up” with the gas cars.

In some ways, running with the NASAcars was a stronger expression of the team’smission, which is to spread the wordabout high-performing, non-pollutingelectrics beyond the EV advocate andhobbyist world. The team said that thePorsche’s performance impressed peoplewho never before had considered electricsas competition cars.

“Maybe NASA will establish an elec-tric class,” added car owner Clare Bell.“This just might be the start of some-thing important.”

The car’s configuration for the raceincluded an Electric Vehicle ComponentsLimited (EVCL - Otmar Ebenhoech)Godzilla controller, an Advanced DC 9-inch motor, 288 V of Optima deep cycleyellowtops, Hoosier tires, and Leda ad-justable suspension. Team members: MikeSlominski of Mike’s Auto Care, crewchief, Richard Hatfield of Allied Finan-cial, driver, Clare Bell of EAA/Current,owner, Paul Compton of Luton England,electrical and mechanical re-fit, AdamSlominski, assistant crew chief, RoyKaylor, team photographer, and TaylorHatfield, mascot and inspiration.

Thanks to Roderick Wilde of WildeEvolutions and Otmar Ebenhoech of EVCLwho provided the Godzilla controller.Zebra Motors of Alameda, CA kindlyloaned a Menzer charger for the event.Also to driver Richard Hatfield, who pro-vided parts as well as driving skill.

For more information and a team bio,

please contact Mike Slominski, OptimalPerformance Racing, c/o Mike’s Auto Carein San Mateo, CA, tel# 650-343-8801.Email: Evdriver@aol.com

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Current EVents / April '99 Page 9

For folks inter-ested in bakingfrom scratch, hereis a list of circuitsof my ’95 home-built Electro-Metro with asso-ciated experi-ments, publishedpreviously in theDEVC. The sche-matics are $2 perpage, and thesoftware (3.5"floppy) forprojects using amicroprocessor is$10 . For thosewho want a pre-programmed mi-c r o p r o c e s s o rchip, they are$25.

! DC-DC Converter, 300 W buck converter, non-isolated-used in Commuta-Car............(3 pgs)! PPM variable frequency motor speed control used in Commuta-Car, tractor................(4 pgs)! Individual Battery Charger, used on Electro-Metro to keep batts at + or -0.1 (5 pgs + micropr)! Commuta Car Speed Control 2, 60V controller for tractor, NEV, or golf......(5 pgs + micropr)! LiteBar, LED lightbar for brake lights, etc, using HP ultra-brights...................................(1 pg)! Solar Heating System_Controller, controls Grundfos circulating panel........(3pgs. + micropr)! Metro Charger and dashboard display, batt gauge, tach, temp, amps etc....(6pgs + micropr) (uses PFC Ferro-Resonant transformer, or individual secondary transformer) (36% more power to batts with PFC <PF of .91> Ferro, 12A vs 7.5A <PF .64>)! Metrol, 800A 120V motor speed control........................................................(2pgs + micropr)! 1800W Switching charger with PFC, if into pain, lotsa parts........................(5pgs + micropr)! 300W Individual Supply (one per battery) charger with PFC, if into pain.......................(4pgs)! Instructions for converting a microwave oven transformer to a battery charger...............(1pg)! Log Annunciator, controls fan & plays “Put Another Log on the Fire”...........(2pgs + micropr)! Golf-Tractor speed control & charger 48V, 400A........................................(3pgs + micropr)! Battery Scanner, my favorite, displays all batteries & indicates bad batt......(3pgs + micropr)! Surround Sound Demystified, shows simple hook-up for surround sound........................(l pg)! 200 W Class-D amp 95% efficient audio amp for batt applications................................(2pgs)

For Sale - Circuits Published in DEVC

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only $995.00New from Kaylor Energy ProductsEducational Electric Bicycle Kit $199.95Educational Fuel Cell Kit with Video $199.95Educational Cold Fusion Kit $199.95Zip Bicycle Controller Kit $99.95For APU, 30 kw Oil Cooled Alternator $199.95For Bike, 12 V 7 AH Gel-Cell Battery $19.95

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Legislative ALERT:HOV Lane Access Bill

SummaryAB 71 would allow “Inherently Low-

Emission Vehicles” to use high-occupancyvehicle (HOV) lanes. The bill would createa special license plate for these vehicles sothey could be easily identified by law en-forcement.

Background/HistoryThe Federal Clean Air Act amendments

of 1990, and their implementing regulationsadopted in 1993, established a federal pro-gram that provides an incentive for thepurchase of “Inherently Low Emission Ve-hicles” (ILEVs) for vehicle fleets. Thisincentive states that in all air-quality “non-attainment” areas, fleet vehicles which arecertified by the federal EPA as ILEVs andproperly labeled identifying them as such,shall be allowed to use HOV lanes regardlessof vehicle occupancy. These regulationsmake clear states cannot “opt- out” of thisfederal ILEV incentive program. Theseregulations, however, provide that statesmay petition the US EPA to remove indi-vidual HOV lanes or portions of those lanesfrom ILEV access if already congested.

ACR 64 (Knox/Leonard), enacted bythe California Legislature in 1998, directsthe state Department of Transportation andthe Highway Patrol to immediately recog-nize and enforce the HOV lane access pro-gram created by federal law.

The federal Transportation Equity Act

for the 21st Century (TEA- 21), signed intolaw in 1998, includes a provision whichspecifically allows states to provide HOVlane access to single-occupant ILEVs. Un-der TEA-21, states may allow HOV accessto non-fleet ILEVs, and may also provideHOV access to ILEVs in areas which have airquality “attainment” status.

Need for Incentivesfor Clean-Air Vehicles

AB 71 would provide a powerful non-monetary incentive to encourage the develop-ment and commercialization of these extremelyclean ILEV vehicles in California.

California has the worst air pollution inthe Nation. 90% of all Californians live inareas that do not meet federal or state standardsfor healthy air. 75% of urban air pollutioncomes from mobile sources, primarily carsand trucks. California needs clean vehicletechnologies now and in the future in order tomeet its State Implementation Plan for airquality. Electric vehicles produce only 1% ofthe pollution of the cleanest gasoline vehicles,even when powerplant emissions, and allupstream emissions of gasoline vehicles, areincluded in this comparison. What is an“Inherently Low Emission Vehicle” (ILEV)?Part of a federal program and requires federalcertification Exhaust emission requirements:

HC and CO must meet LEV emissionstandards.

byJulee Malinowski-Ball,California Electric TransportationCoalition

AB 71, introduced by AssemblymemberJim Cunneen (R-Cupertino), would giveILEVs, including EVs, access to California’sHOV lanes, regardless of occupancy. Thebill would also direct the DMV to developa special license plate for these vehicles sothat they could be easily identified by theCHP. AB 71 has been referred to theAssembly Transportation Committee whichwill be hearing the . Your letters of supportare essential in getting this bill through thelegislative process.

Please contact CalETC at: CalETC@ix.netcom.com or 916-552-

7077 if you have any questions or needadditional information.

AB 71 - Fact Sheet

Author: Assemblyman Jim Cunneen.

Principal Co-Author: Wally Knox

Co-Authors: Leonard, Scott, Margett,Leach.

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NOx must meet ULEV emission stan-dards.

Zero HC evaporative emissions fromfuel system.

ILEV is a fuel-neutral emissions-basedstandard. Currently only zero-emission elec-tric vehicles and natural gas vehicles qualifydue to the zero evaporative emissions re-quirement.

AB 71 has Resolved All IssuesRaised by Critics:

ILEV Identification/Enforcement: Lawenforcement and others would be able toeasily identify ILEVs in HOV lanes becauseAB 71 would provide distinctive licenseplates for them.

Congestion in HOV Lanes:Federal ILEV regulations give states a

way to remove congested HOV lanes fromthe ILEV access program, so single-occu-pant ILEVs will only be used on HOV laneswhich have capacity available for these clean-air vehicles.

CalTrans data on HOV lane usage indi-cates that the vast majority of HOV lanes inCalifornia have not reached congested lev-els. Even though the number of peoplemoved in HOV lanes may be much higherthan those in the mixed-flow lanes, thenumber of cars is much less and there isadditional capacity available for ILEVs.

Additionally, the number of eligibleILEVs in California is very small, and notenough to cause congestion. There are about1,000 EVs and probably an equal number ofnatural gas vehicles.

Public Information:The motoring public would be informed

about the eligibility of ILEVs to use HOV lanesthrough a brief notice which would be includedin vehicle registration information mailed to allvehicle owners. This would be included at noaddition al cost to taxpayers.

Support for AB 71:California Electric Transportation CoalitionCalifornia Natural Gas Vehicle CoalitionPacific Gas & Electric CompanyEdison EV Southern CaliforniaEdison EV RentalSan Diego Gas & ElectricAlameda Bureau of ElectricityLos Angeles Department of Water & PowerRoseville ElectricSacramento Municipal Utility DistrictGeneral Motors CorporationFord Motor CompanyToyota Motor Sales USACALSTARTAdvanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium

Address letters to:The Honorable (Committee Member’s

Name),State Capitol Building, Sacramento, CA95814

Assembly Transportation Committee Mem-bers (Party-District)

Tom Torlakson, Chair (D-Martinez)Tom McClintock, Vice Chair (R-Granada

Hills)Steve Baldwin, (R-La Mesa)Patricia C. Bates, (R-Oceanside)Lou Correa, (D-Santa Ana)John A. Dutra (D-Fremont)Marco Antonio Firebaugh (D-Huntington

Park)Sally Havice (D-Artesia)George House (R-Modesto)Lynne C. Leach (R-Walnut Creek)John Longville (D-San Bernardino)Abel Maldonado (R-San Luis Obispo)Bob Margett (R-Arcadia)George Nakano (D-Torrance)Jack Scott (D-Pasadena)Nell Soto (D-Onterio)Virginia Strom-Martin (D-Santa Rosa)Charlene Zettel (R-Poway)

For more information contact:

David L. Modisette Executive DirectorCecile M. Martin Deputy DirectorJulee Malinowski-Ball Legislative Analyst925 L Street Suite 1490 Sacramento CA95814916-552-7077 FAX 552-7075CalETC@ix.netcom.com

ASSEMBLY BILL No. 71 AMENDEDIN ASSEMBLY FEBRUARY 3, 1999CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 1999-

2000 REGULAR SESSION

Introduced by Assembly Member CunneenDecember 7, 1998An act to add Sections 5007.5 and 21655.9to the Vehicle Code, relating to vehicles.

LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL’S DIGESTAB 71, as amended, Cunneen. High-

occupancy vehicle lanes: inherently low-emission vehicles. Existing law authorizesthe Department of Transportation, with re-spect to highways under its jurisdiction, toauthorize or permit the exclusive or prefer-ential use of highway lanes for high-occu-pancy vehicles. This bill would require theDepartment of Transportation, in consulta-tion with the Department of the CaliforniaHighway Patrol, whenever it authorizes orpermits exclusive or preferential use of high-way lanes or highway access ramps for high-occupancy vehicles to also extend the use ofthose lanes or ramps to inherently low-emission vehicles (ILEVs), as defined infederal regulations, as specified, regardlessof vehicle occupancy or ownership, thatdisplay the special license plates describedbelow. In addition, for the purpose of imple-menting these provisions, the bill wouldrequire the Department of Motor Vehicles todesign and make available for issuance spe-cial license plates for ILEVs that clearlydistinguishes them from other vehicles.The bill would require the department toinclude a summary of the provisions relat-ing to the special license plates on eachmotor vehicle registration renewal notice oron a separate insert, as specified. Vote:majority. Appropriation: no. Fiscal com-mittee: yes. State-

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Current EVents / April '99Page 12

mandated local program: no.The people of the State of California do

enact as follows:SECTION 1. The Legislature hereby

finds and declares all of the following:(a) The federal Clean Air Act Amend-

ments of 1990 (Public Law 101-549) soughtto accelerate the deployment of inherentlylow emission vehicles (ILEVs) through theuse of nonmonetary incentives in areas thatdo not meet federal ambient air qualitystandards.

(b) Federal regulations to implementthese federal Clean Air Act Amendmentswere adopted by the United States Environ-mental Protection Agency in 1993, and areset forth in Part 88 (commencing withSection 88.101-94) of Title 40 of the Codeof Federal Regulations. These regulationsdirect states to exempt federally certified andlabeled ILEVs in fleets from high-occu-pancy vehicle (HOV) restrictions for single-occupant vehicles (Sec. 88.313-93, Title40, C.F.R.). Five years later, California hasnot yet conformed to those federal regula-tions.

(c) In addition to these federal require-ments pertaining to ILEVs in fleets theTransportation Equity Act for the 21st Cen-tury (Public Law 105-178), commonlyknown as TEA-21, encourages and permitsstates to lanes, or portions thereof, fromhaving access by single-occupant ILEVs,thus guaranteeing that ILEVs cannot be acause of congestion in HOV lanes.

(f) The federal regulations affirm a state’sauthority to establish ILEV identificationrequirements, in addition to the EPA re-quirements, that are necessary and appropri-ate to facilitate enforcement.

(g) California’s urban air quality is theworst of any state in the United States, withover 80 percent of our population living inareas that do not meet federal or state ambi-ent air quality standards, and approximately75 percent of our urban smog coming frommobile sources, primarily light-duty carsand trucks.

(h) The people of California want andneed healthful air quality, and are wellserved by incentive-based approaches toencourage early deployment of cleaner ve-

hicles at little or no cost to the state. SEC.2. Section 5007.5 is added to the

Vehicle Code, to read: 5007.5.(a) For the purposes of implementing

Section 21655.9, the department, in con-sultation with the Department of the Cali-fornia Highway Patrol, shall design rampsfor high-occupancy vehicles pursuant toSection 21655.5, the use of those lanes orramps shall also be extended to inherentlylow-emission vehicles (ILEVs), as definedin Part 88 (commencing with Section88.101-94) of Title 40 of the Code ofFederal Regulations, regardless of vehicleoccupancy or ownership, which displaydistinctive special license plates issued pur-suant to Section 5007.5.

(b) No person shall drive an ILEV upona high-occupancy vehicle lane pursuant tothis section unless the special license platesissued pursuant to Section 5007.5 are prop-erly displayed on the vehicle.

Sample Form Letter

To:The Honorable Tom Torlakson, ChairAssembly Transportation CommitteeState Capitol BuildingSacramento CA 95814

RE: AB 71 (Cunneen)

Dear Assemblymember Torlakson:(Name of company/organization) urges

your support for SB 71 (Cunneen) whichwould allow Inherently Low-Emission Ve-hicles (ILEVs) to use high-occupancy ve-hicle (HOV) lanes.

Specifically, AB 71 would take advan-tage of a provision in the federal Transpor-tation Equity Act for the 21st Century(TEA-21), signed into law in 1998, whichspecifically allow s states to provide HOVlanes access to single-occupant ILEVs.Under TEA-21 states may allow HOV laneaccess to non-fleet ILEVs and may alsoprovide HOV lane access to areas which hasair quality “attainment” status.

ILEVs are vehicles certified by thefederal EPA as having no evaporative emis-

sions, and low tailpipe emissions. Zero-emission electric vehicles (ZEVs) may becertified as ILEVs because that have notailpipe or evaporative emissions.

ZEVs and other clean-fuel vehicles are acritical component in California’ plan tomeet federal and state air quality standards.With 90 percent of all Californians alreadyliving in areas that do not meet federal orstate standards for healthy air, we literallycannot meet these health-based standardswithout them.

AB 71 would provide an important no-cost incentive for a new generation of clean-fuel vehicles which will help endure theirsuccess as automakers begin to market thesenew vehicles to consumers and fleet buyers.

AB 71 also benefits many Californiabusinesses. By reducing air pollution frommobile sources, AB 71 helps take the pres-sure off stationary source businesses alreadyhard-hit by environmental regulation.

Currently, the number of certified ZEVsand ILEVs in California is very small, a ndnot enough to cause congestion. There arearound 1,000 electric vehicles and probablyan equal number of qualifying natural gasvehicles.

Finally, the motoring public would beinformed about the eligibility of ILEVs touse HOV lanes through a brief notice whichwould be included in vehicle registrationinformation mailed to all vehicle owners.This would be included at no additional costto the taxpayers.

We strongly urge your “Aye” vote onAB 71.

Sincerely,(Name of company/organization)

cc:Assembly Transportation Committee mem-bersAssemblymember Jim CunneenCalifornia Electric Transportation Coalition

EV Advocacy

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1999 CALENDAR

June 20-July 1Sunrayce 99, Washington DC - Ocala,FL. Biennial road contest of solar carsmaking the rounds through Washington,Winchester, Linchburg, Research TrianglePark, Charlotte, Clemson, Atlanta, Macon,Tallahasse, and Ocala. 1-800-606-8881

July 24 - 25thSOLWEST RENEWABLE ENERGYFAIR. Grant County Fairgrounds, JohnDay, OR. Check out the SOLWest site at:www.eoni.com/~solwest/e-mail to: solwest@eoni.com

September 18Silicon Valley EAA Rally ,10:00 a.m. -4:00 p.m. The big yearly EV rally! StanfordUniversity, Palo Alto, in front of EncinaHall & Burnham Pavilion (just south ofHoover Tower on the corner of Galvez &Serra).Website http://www.evcl.com/eaa-sv/Contact: Will BeckettBeckettW@corp.hp.com 650-857-3859

October 13-1616th International Electric Vehicle Sym-posium and Exhibition (EVS 16), The16th annual Electric Vehicle Symposiumand trade show in Beijing, China will behosted by EVAAP, CES and SEA-C.86-10-6853-3347 Web: www.ces.org.cnE-mail: evs16@ces.org.cn

Year 2000

October 16-18, 2000International Electric Vehicle Sympo-sium, Montreal, Canada. EVS-17 will behosted by the Electric Vehicle Association ofthe Americas.

Help EAA GrowHelp EAA GrowHelp EAA GrowHelp EAA GrowHelp EAA Grow

SupportSupportSupportSupportSupport

Cars forCars forCars forCars forCars forClean AirClean AirClean AirClean AirClean AirDonate a carand receive atax deduction

EAA has already received itsfirst donated gasoline car (inSacramento), made $700 on itand generated a handsome taxcredit for its owner. Help con-tinue this program by findingother cars. Donate your own,persuade a friend or relative, ortalk to your local mechanic,who often has customers thatdecide not to repair a car andneed to get rid of it. Do yourselfa favor by knocking somethingoff your income tax while help-ing EAA.

Contact information:

For the San Francisco Bay Area:Kurt BohanEAA, Hangar 202701 Monarch St. Suite 146Alameda, CA 94501Tel. (510) 814-1864Fax (510) 864-2093

For the Sacramento area:Tim Loree7428 Wisconsin Dr.Citrus Hights, CA 95610-7432Tel. (916) 967-3044Fax (916) 863-0303E-mail: loreet@2extreme.net

For more information, or to add anEVent to this calendar, please callAnna Cornell (925) 685-7580 ( 10AM to 4PM, PST only, please!)

EVents CalendarApril 18EARTH.TECH.2000"Finding Tomorrow's Solutions Today" Aproject of San Jose Beautiful. Sunday 10:00a.m. thru 4:00 p.m. Civic Auditorium &Parkside Hall, San Jose, Califorina. Formore information call the Expo Hotline:(408) 277-4664 or the Internet at:www.earthtech2000.com

April 23-24Richmond Electric Vehicle Road Rally,organized by Richmond Technical Center.Web: www.rtp.net/~teaa/events.html

May 1Carolina EV Challenge,E-mail: ralphgoodwin@cplc.comWeb: www.rtpnet.org/~ev

May 22-29NESEA American Tour de Sol, CT, MA,NY. Eleventh annual road rally and compe-tition for 50 entries. Runs on secondaryroads between Waterbury, CT and Albany,NY. Organized in part by NE SustainableEnergy Association. Contact NESEA at413-774-6051 or nesea@nesea.org www.nesea.org.

June 55th Annual San Francisco Bay ElectricAuto Rally (SFBEAR). Tanforan MallParking lot in San Bruno just of El CaminoReal 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.SFPEAA ,bj@bjharding.com

June 13-16EnV ’99, Ypsalanti, MI. Seventh AnnualEnvironmental Vehicles and Alternate Fu-els Conference & Expo Twelve sessionsduring a three day conference.

June 19-20 - 24Hour Le Mans Endurance Race at BugattiRoad Circuit, Le Mans, France. ContactAuto Club De L’QUEST 33 2 43 40 24 00.Fax 33 2 43 40 24 88.

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INDUSTRY NEWS

News in BriefCompiled by Ruth M. Shipley from information sup-plied by EIN Publishing. If reprinted, please creditCE and Ruth Shipley.

EV Travels 500 Kmon Single ChargeA group of engineers from Tokyo DenkiUniversity recently bettered its distance recordfor a car converted from gasoline to electricpower, traveling 520 kilometers (km) fromTokyo to Osaka, Japan on a single charge.The group, headed by Masaharu Fujinaka, aprofessor of electronics engineering at theuniversity, set its previous record last yearby driving the same car 460 km from Tokyoto the town of Ryuo in western Japan on onecharge. In preparation for the Osaka run,Fujinaka installed 26 nickel-hydrogen bat-teries, two more than in the previous year’srun. In addition, the EV’s electrical circuitrywas made more efficient. During their run,the group averaged 70 km-per-hour. Theyplan to take the EV on a 20,000-km round-the-world trip from China to Russia, Europeand the U.S. later this year. “The car couldhave gone further, I think,” said Fujinaka.(KYODO: 3/16)

UCR, HondaLaunch Intellishare ProjectThe University of California - Riverside(UCR) and Honda Motor Company an-nounced Honda’s intention to launch itsnew IntelliShare project at a recent pressbriefing on the Riverside campus. TheIntelliShare project will provide 15 HondaEV Plus vehicles to UCR faculty, staff andstudents. The shared vehicle system isbased on the concept of public car sharingin which different drivers use each carseveral times a day. UCR and Hondaengineers will operate and evaluate thesystem in order to determine its effective-ness in urban communities and refine thetechnology. IntelliShare vehicles wereavailable for members of the media to see,photograph and drive. In addition, smart

card and touch-screen computer technologywas demonstrated and available for attend-ees.(UCR RELEASE: 3/17)

UCS Leases EV1The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS),working with General Motors (GM) andGreen Mountain Energy (GME), recentlyunveiled an inductive charging station inBerkeley, CA. The new station is located inthe parking lot of UCS’s downtown office,and will provide power for a GM EV1 leasedto the organization. “We’re putting ourmoney where our mouth is,” said UCSsenior scientist Don Aitken, who will drivethe EV1. Aitken is the first employee of anenvironmental organization in the San Fran-cisco Bay Area to lease an EV. The inductivestation was installed by Edison EV and paidfor by GM. UCS said it hopes the chargingstation will increase customer acceptance ofEVs by demonstrating the ease of owning anEV. GME will use power produced from itsWind For the Future program to provideelectricity for the EV1.(PRNEWSWIRE: 3/16)

NGM to Produce EV Drive SystemsNew Generation Motors Corporation(NGM) plans to produce and sell a new lineof advanced drive systems for EVs. Thecompany said its SC-M150 maintenance-free motor is the latest in NGM’s line ofhigh-efficiency, compact traction motors.The axial flux motor design reportedlyprovides the ultra high efficiency and powerdensity advantages of permanent magnetmotors without the inherent disadvantagesof a fixed motor constant or the inefficien-cies of electronic field weakening. Coupledwith the EV-C200-XX2 controller family,the system exhibits superior performanceover the entire operating range. WithNGM’s variable gap technology, this motorreportedly is capable of delivering a widetorque/speed envelope without the use ofgear reduction or shiftable transmission,while still maintaining more than 94%peak system efficiency. The new drivesystem has a peak power rating of 10

kilowatts and is offered in two configura-tions with nominal voltages in the range of36 to 60 volts and 84 to 108 volts. Eight ofthe top 10 finishers in the Sunrayce 97,including the winning car, were powered byan NGM drive, and over 75% of the partici-pants in the upcoming Sunrayce 99 areexpected to use one.(NGM RELEASE: 3/16)

DaimlerChryslerShows Off NECAR 4DaimlerChrysler recently unveiled its pro-totype NECAR 4 fuel cell vehicle during aceremony in Washington, D.C. The zero-emission vehicle, based on the Mercedes-Benz A-class vehicle, can reportedly travelas fast as 90 miles-per-hour and go 280 milesbetween refuelings. The company says thecar still isn’t expected to be commercializedin its present form, citing the storage require-ments for the NECAR 4’s primary fuel —liquid hydrogen. A future version, NECARX, will power its fuel cells with methanol.A nationwide methanol fueling infrastruc-ture would still be necessary for the futureversion to have a chance at widespread use.Nonetheless, DaimlerChrysler called theNECAR 4 a breakthrough since it provesfuel cell technology can be adapted to fit ina compact-sized car. Still, automakers mustaddress the high cost of fuel cells and addi-tional weight issues before such vehicles areto compete commercially.(AP: 3/17)

Dais Corp Poisedfor Fuel Cell SuccessThe Dais Corporation is an Odessa, FL-based company that manufactures fuelcells it says will eventually provideconsumers with emissions-free powerfor things such as lawn mowers andcamping equipment. Begun through theRennselear Polytechnic Institute’s busi-ness incubator program, the companymoved to Florida last year after securinga low-interest federal economic develop-ment loan. The company’s technologyis based on a patented solution known as

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INDUSTRY NEWS

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Dais 585, which is formed into a filmand then laminated to form a membrane thatis incorporated into a stack. Dais says it canhelp to keep costs down by using commonmaterials in manufacturing its fuel cells. Thefirst fuel cells may be sold to higher-endconsumers, such as those with yachts, recre-ational vehicles and custom homes. Com-mercially-viable fuel cell applications forvehicles are still at least five years away.Dais currently has 11 employees, but hopesto expand to 50 by the end of this year. Thecompany will expand its facility in the WestPasco Industrial Park to include the capacityto manufacture materials it currently pur-chases from outside vendors.(TAMPA TRIBUNE: 3/12)

Italian Companiesto Operate EV FleetElectric Fuel Corporation (EFC) recentlyannounced that the Municipality of Milan,along with Edison, Italy’s largest privateenergy producer, and AEM, Milan’s electricutility, will operate a fleet of 100 EVs in thecity of Milan. The fleet, which is slated tobegin operations in 2000, will be poweredby zinc-air batteries developed jointly byEFC and Edison. Zincar, a new Italiancompany with Edison and AEM as majorpartners, will develop and manage the fleet.EFC has been asked to participate in theprogram and supply batteries and relatedequipment, and other national and interna-tional companies will be invited to join theproject. Zincar will lend the EVs to theMunicipality of Milan and to other public andstate companies. The project appears in the“Accordo volontario territoriale” for the dis-tribution of goods in the city center that theMunicipality of Milan has signed with manylocal organizations. Italian officials described theEV project as part of the sustainable mobilityprogram of the Municipality of Milan, and as oneof the main actions of the Piano Generale Urbanofor traffic.(ELECTRIC FUEL RELEASE: 3/9)

GA Power Starts EV Lease Pro-gram

In what is expected to be the nation’slargest EV lease program, GeorgiaPower said it is implementing a planwhereby 400 EV leases will bemade available to employees alongwith in-home and workplace charg-ing. The utility said it also plans toput more emphasis on public accessEV charging. Currently, there areabout 242 EV chargers at about 85locations in the company’s Atlantaservice areas, including about 30homes. Georgia Power said it mayestablish as many as 50 new loca-tions with 300 new chargers overthe next year. The company said itaims to make Atlanta the next mar-ket for the General Motors EV1.GM currently offers EV leases to thepublic by Saturn dealers only inArizona and California. The Geor-gia Power lease program will “serveas a model for other corporations toemulate,” the company added. GeorgiaPower already has an impressive EV fleet,with 49 Chevy S-10 and 30 Ford Rangerelectric pickups, 66 Toyota RAV4-EVsand 26 GM EV1s. In addition, GeorgiaPower operates electric buses, with an-other 147 EVs ordered late last month.(FLEETS & FUELS: 3/15)

NAEVI Show Was a SuccessThe North American Electric Vehicle andInfrastructure (NAEVI) Conference and Exhi-bition, held last December in Phoenix, at-tracted a record 500 plus attendees, and for thefirst time ever invited the public to have a lookat the latest vehicles and industry products.The NAEVI event featured a session for fleetmanagers and the annual National Infrastruc-ture Working Council conference, as well asa number of new vehicle developments.DaimlerChrysler, Ford and General Motorsall exhibited new 1999 model electric ve-hicles that featured nickel metal hydride bat-tery technology. Another popular feature ofthe NAEVI was an “Ask The Experts” townhall meeting that gave attendees a chance toask questions of industry leaders and givetheir own opinions. EVAA also unveiled aCD-ROM resource titled “EVs Are Here...Are

You Ready,” which offers details on vehicles,charging, safety, industry trends and develop-ment and other information for consumers.(CURRENTS: VOL. 4, ISSUE 1)

DOE FundsFuel Cell, Engine TechnologyThe Department of Energy (DOE) hasawarded $70 million to 16 firms and re-search organizations for research in ad-vanced fuel cell technology and high-effi-ciency automotive engines. The fundingwill support the Partnership for a NewGeneration of Vehicle’s goal of producingan affordable prototype vehicle that gets 80miles-per-gallon by 2004. The recipientswill conduct research over the next two tothree years aimed on proton exchange mem-brane fuel cells and advanced engine tech-nologies including compression-ignitedand spark-ignition direct injection engines.Research projects will also support thedevelopment of fuel cell technology forcogeneration applications. DOE will ne-gotiate 21 cost-shared agreements with the16 recipients, with 16 geared toward fuelcell research and the remaining five towardengine technologies. The technologies de-

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INDUSTRY NEWS

veloped under t h e s e a w a r d s w i l l b ea p p l i c a b l e t o passenger cars and lighttrucks.(DOE RELEASE: 3/4)

AutomakersShould Find Niche MarketsIt is not realistic for automakers to expectconsumers to pay huge premiums for EVswhich do not match today’s performance ofmodern sedans, minivans and sport utilityvehicles, according to Harvard UniversityBusiness School associate professor ClaytonChristensen. Christensen said in his newbook, “The Innovator’s Dilemma: WhenNew Technologies Cause Great Firms toFall,” that the EV market could be takenaway from original equipment manufactur-ers by start-up companies that are targetingthe right markets. The author suggests thatautomakers should not be targeting today’scommuters because they already are used tothe power and reliability of gasoline. Hebased his findings on a historical analysis ofinnovation and why big firms don’t make itin emerging markets. Christensen said re-tirement communities and parents of teenag-ers are two big, high-potential EV marketsbecause those are the groups that would wanta low-powered, short-ranged vehicle.(FLEETS & FUELS: 3/1)

NYSERDA to HelpHybrid Powertrain RetrofitsThe New York State Energy Research andDevelopment Authority (NYSERDA) isworking with Queens, NY-based Alterna-tive Fuels Technologies Corporation(AFTCO) to develop a hybrid electricpowertrain that can be retrofitted into exist-ing vehicles. AFTCO hopes to address thehigh cost of EVs by refurbishing deliveryand fleet vehicles with hybrid electric com-ponents, giving vehicle operators the ben-efits of hybrid EVs (HEVs) without theexpense of a new vehicle. The AFTCOpowertrain will incorporate low-cost, stan-dard commercial components to further re-duce costs and simplify service and mainte-nance. The system will be designed prima-

rily for light- and medium-duty deliverytrucks. “Our relationship with some of thenation’s largest fleets has helped us identifya need for the development of a cost-sensitiveclean-fuel hybrid-electric powertrain that canbe quickly installed in most existing long-life vehicles or vehicles requiring extended-range service,” said AFTCO presidentMichael Digonis.(NYSERDA RELEASE: 2/24)

Altra EVNumber One Mid-Size WagonThe Nissan Altra EV was ranked numberone in its class — mid-size wagons — andit placed second on the overall 12 “greenest”vehicles for 1999 listed in the “Green Guideto Cars and Trucks.” The consumer guide,published by the American Council for anEnergy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) andreleased in February, features the “Best of1999” highlighting the “greenest” modelsby vehicle class, including compact, mid-size, large cars, vans, pickups and sportutilities. The guide also features the 12“meanest” vehicles for the environment in1999. The ratings in the guide are derivedfrom emissions certifications and fueleconomy data that automakers report to theEnvironmental Protection Agency and theCalifornia Air Resources Board. The four-passenger minivan is the first production EVin the United States to use lithium-ionbatteries. Currently, there are 30 Nissan EVsin operation in California as part of a demon-stration program, with another 98 units tofollow in 1999 and 2000. Users includeSouthern California Edison Company, Pa-cific Gas and Electric Company, the LosAngeles Department of Water and Power andSan Diego Gas and Electric Company.(NISSAN NORTH AMERICA RELEASE:2/23)

MIT Grads Form EV CompanyFive graduates of the Massachusetts Insti-tute of Technology (MIT) recently de-cided to form a company that addresses an“unfulfilled segment of the commercial-industrial transportation industry.” Thecompany, emPower Corporation, claims

it has developed a revolutionary EV thatwill

“radically change the productivity of indus-try personnel.” “Transportation is the nextfrontier in industrial and commercial set-tings,” said emPower vice president of mar-keting and sales Ted Kutrumbos. “Indi-vidual productivity needs to increase tomeet the rigorous business demands of thenext millennium. We will help businessmeet these demands by doing for personneltransportation what the forklift did for mate-rial transportation.” The company’s boardof directors includes Pat McDonough, formerpresident of Black & Decker and MIT’selectric motor expert. In addition, emPower’smanagement team includes Mike Benjamin,former president of Tectrix Fitness Equip-ment, and Ted Kutrumbos, former vicepresident of sales and marketing for theCannondale Corporation. The company plansto unveil its “revolutionary transportationdevice” later this year.(BUSINESS WIRE: 2/23)

Honda to Market VVHonda recently announced that it will beginselling its VV hybrid electric vehicle nextfall though all three of the company’s dealernetworks. Honda will only produce a lim-ited number of the vehicles. Honda said itexpects the VV to become an important partof its future as automakers around the worldwork to develop cleaner cars. The companyunveiled the VV late last year at the DetroitAuto Show. The VV is still under develop-ment, but Honda says the vehicle will beable to travel 100 kilometers on three litersof fuel, or close to 80 miles-per-gallon. TheVV is a two-seat vehicle with an aluminumchassis that features a battery-powered motorand a one-liter, three-cylinder “lean burn”internal combustion engine. Only three ofHonda’s high-volume models are currentlybeing sold through all of the company’sdealer networks. (ASIA PULSE: 2/18)

From73043.60@compuserve.com (Ruth M.Shipley), 99-03-25

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Board of DirectorsElectric Auto Association

Chair, CE editorClare Bell

2701 Monarch Street, Suite 139, Alameda, CA 94501Tel (510) 864-9293 -or- Fax (510-864-2093,

E-mail: Ce96ed@aol.com

VicechairKurt Bohan

2701 Monarch Street, Suite 146Alameda, CA 94501

Tel. (510) 814-1864 Fax (510) 864-9293 E-mail: eaanews@juno.com

SecretaryAnna Cornell

60 Alan Dr., Pleasant Hill, CA 94523-1902Tel (925) 685-7580,

E-mail: ebeaa@juno.com

TreasurerStan Skokan

1020 Parkwood Wy, Redwood City, CA 94061-3691Tel (650) 366-0643 Fax (650) 306-0137

Board MembersScott Cornell

60 Alan Dr., Pleasant Hill, CA 94523-1902Tel (925) 685-7580,

E-mail: spcorn@pacbel.net -or- ebeaa@Juno.com

George Gless2940 13th St., Boulder, CO 80304

Tel (303) 442-6566, Fax (303) 442-6566

Jesse James8460 E. Pepper Tree Lane, Scottsdale, AZ 85251

Tel (602) 607-9053 H, (602) 968-8068 W,Fax (602) 968 9838 E-mail: sunbeltJJ@AOL.com

Roy Kaylor20,000 Big Basin Way, Boulder Creek, CA 95006

Tel (831) 338-2200 Fax (831) 458-2400

Tim Loree7428 Wisconsin Dr., Citrus Hights, CA 95610-7432

Tel (916) 967-3044 H, (916) 568-3100 x.2833 W, Fax (916) 863-0303,E-mail: Loreet@maii.sce.losrios.ec.ca.us -or- Loreet@2extreme.net

Bruce Parmenter331 E.Evelyn, Mtn.View, CA 94041

Tel (650) 694-2392E-mail: brucedp@yahoo.com -or- brucedp@iname.com

Bill Wedmore7711 East North Lane, Scottsdale, AZ 85258-1132

Tel (602) 998-1821 H, Fax (602) 998-5863E-mail: BillWed@compuserve.com

FREEBATTERIES

THROUGH THEUSED BATTERY

EXCHANGECALL DON AT

(408) 225-5446

Edison EVto Close its Doors

4/20/99, Los Angeles - Edison Interna-tional is expected to announce this week thatits Edison EV unit will cease operations inthe near future--most likely within sixmonths, according to various sources. WhileEdison EV--which focuses on installingelectric vehicle (EV) infrastructure -is bring-ing in revenues, the multi-billion-dollarutility is apparently concerned the levels donot currently justify a separate unit. Thecompany has already installed more than250 public-access EV-charging stations inCalifornia and Arizona. In an e-mail note toEV users, the company said it “believes inthe long-term viability of EVs,” but hasconcluded “the market is growing too slowlyto sustain a stand-alone business at thistime.” During the transition period, EdisonEV will reportedly continue operations toensure customers and facilities will receiveadequate support until other entities takeover its activities. Edison EV was launchedin 1996, but had been consolidated withother Edison International units in 1998.

Source:Watts the Fax with EdisonEV ...99-04-20from CALSTART News NotesBruceDP@iname.com (Bruce {EVangel}Parmenter)

Contact information — jgold@edisonev.com

EV Infrastructure

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ALL CHAPTERS LISTING

ARIZONA

PHOENIX EAAKathy Watson, President (602) 821-06461131 East Flint St., Chandler, AZ 85225-5470Meetings: 4th Saturday/month, 9:00 amlocation varies in Phoenix Arizona, contact (602) 250-2131Homepage: http://www.primenet.com/~evchdlr/

CALIFORNIA

NATIONAL EAA HEADQUARTERSAnna Cornell, Membership Secretary60 Alan Dr., Pleasant Hill, CA 94523-1902HomePage at http://www.eaaev.org/Tel. 1-800-537-2882

EAST BAY EAAScottt Cornell, President (925) 685-7580E-mail: spcorn@pacbel.net -or- ebeaa@juno.com60 Alan Dr., Pleasant Hill, CA 94523-1902Meetings: 4th Saturday/month, 10:00am (call for Nov-Dec date)2701 Monarch St., Hangar 20, Room 215Alameda Point, Alameda, CA (old Alameda Naval Air Station)From Hwy 880, take Broadway turnoff to Webster St.; fromWebster, go through the tube to Atlantic, right on Atlantic to theold Alameda Naval Air Station

Los Angeles EAASaxe Dobrin, President (310) 453-15311630A Franklin, Santa Monica, CA 90404Meetings: 1 st Saturday 10:00 amCal Tech, Winnet Lounge, Pasadena, CA

NORTH BAY EAAChuck Hursch, President (415) 927-104613 Skylark Dr. #13, Larkspur, CA 94939-1270Email: gandhi!chuck@uunet.uu.netHomepage: www.ecoalliance.com/nbeaa/Meetings in Santa Rosa, CA: Call (415) 927-1046 for time andexact location.

SAN FRANCISCO/PENINSULA EAAJean Bardon, Acting President (650) 355-3060540 Moana Way, Pacifica, CA 94044Homepage: www.geocities.com/MotorCity/1759Meetings: 1st Saturday/month, 10 a.m. San Bruno Public Library.701 West Angus St. (at El Camino)San Bruno, CA

SAN JOSE EAAMichael Thompson, Pres., Contact Person (408) 997-2404E-mail: m.t.thompson@ieee.orgUS Mail: Roy Paulson, 1592 Jacob Ave. San Jose, CA 95118USAHomePage: http://members.aol.com/sjeaa Tel. 408-269-7937Meetings: 2nd Saturday/month, 10:00 am (call to confirm), ReidHillview Airport, 2350 Cunningham Ave. San Jose. (Hwy 680,Capital Expressway (South), right onto Cunningham)

SACRAMENTO ELECTRIC VEHICLE ASSOCIATIONTim Loree, President (916) 962-3044, (916) 568-3100 ex 28332428 Wisconsin Dr. Citrus Heights, CA 95610-7432E-mail: Loreet@2extreme.netMeetings: Call Tim for new meeting time, place and dateHomePage: www.calweb.com/~tonyc/sevahome.html

SAN DIEGO ELECTRIC VEHICLE ASSOCIATIONScott C. Kennedy, President, (619) 658-41521621 San Elijo Ave., Cardiff, CA 92007Meetings: 4th Tuesday/month, 7pmSan Diego Automotive Museum2080 Pan American Plaza,San Diego, CA.

SILICON VALLEY EAA (Founding Chapter)Will Beckett, Pres., Contact (650) 494-6922, fax (650) 852-83844189 Baker Ave, Palo Alto, CA 94306HomePage at http://www.geocities.com/MotorCity/1754/Meetings: 3rd Saturday/month, 10:00-12:00 amHewlett-Packard, Santa Clara facility5301 Steven Creek Blvd.Santa Clara, CA(Lawrence Expressway and Stevens Creek)

EAACHAPTER LISTING

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ALL CHAPTERS LISTING

Shoney’s Restaurant, 6810 Menaul NE,Albuquerque, NM

NORTH CAROLINA

TRIANGLE EAAJerry Asher, Contact Person, (919)403-81374 Melstone Trun, Durham, NC 27707Meetings: 2nd Tues 3:00 PM, odd monthsConference Room, IEL Lab, Centennial Campus, NC StateUniversity ( call Jerry Asher for details )Email teaa@rtpnet.orgHomePage: www.rtpnet.org/~teaa/

SOUTHEASTERN EVALawson Huntly, President (704) 283-1025PO Box 1025 Monroe, NC 28111-1025Meetings: Call Lawson for date, time and location

TEXAS

HOUSTON EAAKen Bancroft, Contact Person, (713) 729-86684301 Kingfisher St., Houston, TXMeetings: 3rd Thursday each month 6:30PMCitizens National Bank - Activity Center5217 Cedar St., Bellaire TX (Take Bellaire exit off West610 Loop go west on Bellaire about 1 mile to Ferris, turn right oneblock to Cedar, Activity Center on right)

NORTH TEXAS EAAPaul Schaffer, President (972)-437-1584430 Ridge Crest, Richardson, TX 75080-2532Email: pshf@cyberramp.comMeetings: 3rd Thursday/mo, see www.engr.tcu.edu/nteaa for timeand location

UTAH

WEST VALLEY CITY EAAHarry Van Soolen, President (801) 989-11303622 S. 4840 W., West Valley City, UT 84120Meetings: Contact Harry for date, time and location

VIRGINIA

CENTRAL VIRGINIA EAABrian Murphy, President, (804) 530-77341902 Riggers Station Dr., Colonial Heights, VA 23834Meetings: 3rd Wednesday/month, Richmond Technical Center,Westwood Ave., Richmond, VA 23834

COLORADO

DENVER ELECTRIC VEHICLE COUNCIL (DEVC)George Gless, President (303) 442-65662940 13th St., Boulder, Co, 80304Meetnigs: 3rd Saturday/month. Contact George for time andlocation

MASSACHUSETTS

NEW ENGLAND EAATony Ascrizzi, President (508) 799-597734 Paine Street, Woercester, MA 01605E-mail: tonyascrizzi@juno.comMeetings: Every 3rd Saturday 2:00 p.m. (call for directions)HomePage:www.norfolk-county.com/users/ws3f/neeahome.htm

PIONEER VALLEYKaren Jones, President (413) 549-4999, (413) 253-1633P.O.Box 153 Amherst, MA 01004Meetings: 3rd Saturday/month (Jan.-Nov.), 2pmJones Library (Amhurst Rm), Amherst, MA

MISSOURI/KANSAS

MID-AMERICABruce Edgeworth, President (816) 524-4734Mike Chancey, Treas., 1700 East 80th St. Kansas City, MO64131E-mail: Mike Chancey evtinker@hotmail.com (816) 822-8079HomePage at http://www.geocities.com/MotorCity/Downs/4214/Meetings: Contact Mike for meeting time and location.

NEVADA

LAS VEGAS EAAWilliam Kuehl, President (702) 645-21324504 W. Alexander Rd. North Las Vegas, NV 89030E-mail: billk@anv.netMeetings: call (702) 642-4000 for time and place.

NEW MEXICO

ALBUQUERQUE EAANeil Wicai, President (505) 899-842019 Santa Maria, Corrales, NM 87048E-mail: neilwicai@upaznm.comMeetings: 1st Tues/month, 7:00 PM

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ALL CHAPTERS LISTING MEMBER WANT ADS

1976 PORSCHE 914 conversion; ADC hi-torque XPmotor; Auburn Kodiak controler; 5-spd. trans., DC/DC; dual K&W 220vac on-board chargers; dual 144VDCbattery packs; complete body restoration and styling;racing suspension; lots of extras; 95+mph; Sacrifice -$11,000, as-is ! Call (310) 233-2221 (California)

1996 TAVRIA electric car kits. Imported from Eu-rope, these cars are brand new, battery boxes in-cluded, ready for EV conversion. They require bat-teries, and propulsion system. Ten to choose from,three different models. $3,800 each, or $30,000 forall 10. Call (310) 233-2221 (California)

NEW TAVRIA Hatch-Back, Blue; 3spd. Transmis-sion; 96VDC; 16 Trojan Model T-125, 6-Volt batter-ies; Curtis 1231C controller; DC/DC converter; K&WCharger; 70 mph, 50 mi. range; E-Meter; Registered inCA; $6500 obo. Call (310) 233-2221 (California)

WASHINGTON

PORT TOWNSEND / NORTHERN OLYMPICPENINSULA ELECTRIC CAR CLUB (NOPEC)Karl Schreiber (360) 385-353211 Kanu Dr. Port Townsend, WA 98368Meetings: 3rd Saturday/month, 10 AMPort Townsend High School Shop

SEATTLE EVASteven S. Lough, President, (206) 524-1351, Fax (206)526-53486021 32nd Ave., N.E., Seattle, WA 98115-7230Meetings: Contact Steve for time and locationE-Mail: slough@halcyon.comWWW Site: http://www.halcyon.com/slough/seva.html

WASHINGTON DC

ELECTRIC VEHICLE ASSOCIATION OF WASHINGTONDC (EVA/DC)Dave Goldstein (President) (301) 869-49549140 Centerway Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20879-1882E-mail: goldie.ev1@juno.comMeetings: 2nd or 3rd Tuesday/month at 7 p.m.National Institute of Health (NIH) Building 31-C, 6th floorconference rooms, in Bethesda, MD. Call for more information ordirections.

CANADA

VANCOUVER ELECTRIC VEHICLE ASSOCIATIONP.O. Box 3456, 349 W. Georgia St., Vancouver British Colum-bia, Canada, V6B 3Y4Bill Glazier, Contact (604) 980-58193344 Baird Rd. North Vancouver, B.C. Canada V7K 2G7HomePage at http://www.veva.bc.ca/ E-mail: info@Veva.bc.caMeetings: 3rd Saturday/month 7:30 p.m., BC Transit CenterCafeteria. (Located off of Kitchener between Boundary and Gilmorein Gilmore in Burnaby)

EAA Chapter ListChapter contacts and meeting locations. Most veri-fied as of 3/1/99. For information about the ElectricAuto Association, call 1-800-537-2882

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MEMBER WANT ADS

MEMBER WANT AD RATESWANT ADS: Print clearly or submit typed copy of

your ad with your name, address, and phone number. TheEAA is not responsible for the accuracy of ads. Want adsmust be received before the 1st of each month and mustinclude payment to run in the next issue of CE.

$10 for the first 35 words. Each additional word, 25cents. Want ads are available to EAA members for the saleof electric vehicles, equipment and parts only. If you wantto run your ad in more than one issue, please specify andinclude payment for each issue requested.

For corrections or updates, please send a written noteor fax to EAA Want Ads at (510) 864-2093. Photographsof your vehicles may be submitted with your ad. If room isavailable, we run one photo each issue. These photos willnot be returned. Send your Member Want Ad request andcheck payable to:

EAA Want Ads, Hanger 202701 Monarch Street, Suite 137

Alameda, California 94501

- FOR SALE -- FOR SALE -- FOR SALE -- FOR SALE -- FOR SALE -MEMBER WANT ADSMEMBER WANT ADSMEMBER WANT ADSMEMBER WANT ADSMEMBER WANT ADS

73 Mazda PICKUP. Flared-fendered, low-slung, formerrotary. Leather interior. NEW Trojan T125 batteries,and factory refurbished on-board 110 VAC charger.Electro Auto deluxe 108 V conversion kit. In-dashgauges. Functional space because batteries are underbed and hood. $7400 Call 831-688-0144 and come seeit near Aptos.

WANTED! Used Doran fiberglass body, and buildingplans with parts list, for the 3 wheeler electric car.Contact: Ervin N. Larsen, 1920 - 19th Ave., SW.Willmar, MN 56201, 320-235-2461

Saturn Electric Bicycle System. Direct drive In-cludes: Pre-assembled disk motor with 24" or 26" rimand tire; Controller; Portable battery pack with bag; andBattery charger. Up to 15 mph and 15 miles per charge.Introductory $349 (MSRP $399). Educational andinstitutional programs available. 30 minutes to retrofit.www.choicemall.com/aceme. Fax 916-386-3518.

Snow Blower for E-15 GE ELEC-TRAK, includedrear counterweight attachment, spare motor & con-troller. $500. + shipping. Mark Hanson 540-473-1248. 184 Vista Lane, Fincastle, VA 24090

For Sale: 1983 Bradly GT II. New General ElectricMotor, New Michelin Low Resistance Tires, All NewInterior Carpet! 18 US 2300 Batteries, Curtis 220/110V 25A Charger, onboard 110V Charger, Disc Brakes,Koni Shocks. Maximum Speed 86 MPH. Price $10,000.Call Bob Lombardi (408) 629-1263 / chiplom@aol.com

Wanted: Electric Bike and/or electric bike kit orcomponents, used or new. Also folding bike, also wantgasoline Toyota 4x4 pickup. Call Joel (510)881-5400

1984 Pontiac "Fiero" A "Cherry!-white" 9" Ad-vanced Motor - Curtis PMC Controller, 16 "NEW" 12Volt Trojan Deep Cycle Batterys - 96 Volt System,Volt and Amp meters - on board charger - New L.R.Tires. A show car - Includes near new tow dolly.$6,250. Albert Ryan 5369 Lilac Ave. Livermore, CA94550-1219925-447-5369

For Sale: Books "The EV's Are Coming" by AlSmith # 970, 1999 edition @ $7.95 ppd. POB 180192,Coronado, CA 92178, (enclose check).

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Electric Auto Association (EAA)Membership Application

New Member: .___________________ USA: .______________ Note: EAA membership dues areRenewal: .___________________ Canada: .______________ tax deductible in the USA

Other Country: .______________ as allowed by the IRS.

Date: ._____/_____/________

Name: .______________________________________ Company: .______________________________Street: .______________________________________ Phone: . Hm-__________ Wk-____________

City: .______________________________________ Fax: .______________________________State: .______________ Zip:____________________ Country: .______________________________

If a new member, where did you hear about the EAA ?_______________________________________________EAA Chapter you attend or support:______________________________________________________________I need chapter information:_____________________________________________________________________

Membership / Vehicle Information — Please complete if new or changed

Please identify your primary areas of interest relating to EAA(Please rank your your choice with a “1” being most important, “2” second, etc.)

1: ._________Hobby / Builder2: ._________Professional (EVs are a source of income for you)3: ._________Competition (Rallies, Races, and Records)4: ._________Environmental and Government Regulations for EVs5: ._________Social (Rallies, Shows, Dinners, Other)6: ._________New Technology and Research7: ._________Promotion and Public Awareness of EVs8: ._________Student or General Interest9: ._________Electrathon / Bicycle / Off-road Vehicles

10: ._________Owner / Driver of Electric Commute Vehicle11: ._________Other: Please Specify:________________________________________

Number of total EVs you have ever owned ?:_______Number of EVs you now own ?:_______

Please describe any Electric Vehicles you now own or are building: (if more than one, attach information on each)

Vehicle Lic#:________________________ State:____________________ Country:____________________Vehicle Type:_______________________ Make/Model:________________ Model Year:_______________Converted Yr:_______________________ Number of Wheels:__________Motor Type:________________Controller type:______________________ Batteries: No./Type:_____/__________ %Completed_________Pack Voltage:_______________________ Avg. EV Mi./Week:___________ Avg. EV Trips/Week:________Other Features:____________________________________________________________________Comments:________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________

Please make your check or money order for appropriate amount (see below), payable to the Electric Auto Association,fasten it to this form and mail it to :

Electric Auto Association USA $39 /yr (U.S. Dollars only)60 Alan Dr. Canada $42 /yr International $45 /yrPleasant Hill, CA 94523-1902

Note: All information and statistics in this application are for the exclusive use of the EAA. We never sell or loan ourmailing lists.

ver 8/29/97

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* for Canada add 15% or for other foreign destination add 25 % for postage

Item # Size/Color Quantity Item Description Unit Cost Amount

Postage ( 10% of subtotal, for USA* )

Handling $2.00

Total

Subtotal

EAA Store Order FormPrinted materialsCE Selected Current EVents (specify specific issue) $3.00 each issueCEFY Current EVents - Full year {specify specific year) $20.00 each yearPB001 Discovered: The Perfect EV Battery $2.00FW001 Flywheel Energy Storage $5.00PV 2000 1998 Preview 2000 by Electrifying Times (Nov./Dec. 98 CE) $5.95BG 1997 1997 Buyer’s Guide to Electric Vehicles (April 97 CE) $5.00BG 1996 1996 Buyer’s Guide to Electric Vehicles (Feb. 96 CE) $4.00TT001 Team Tucson Land Speed Record Plans $5.00IDX001 EAA Current Events Index - 10 Years! $4.00XA100 EAA XA-100 Hybrid $5.00Other EV itemsBS800 Bumper Sticker with 800 number 3.75x15 inch $3.00BS002 Bumper Sticker with "the Switch is On”, 3.75x15 inch $3.00CAP001 100% Cotton Cap, Forest Green with Yellow Ink $8.00DC001 Decal - black and red, 3x9 inch, for Window $3.50KC001 Key Chain with LED light and “30 Years 1967-1997” $2.50MUG002 Thermal Mug $6.50MUG003 Porcelain Mug $5.50PS001 Polo Shirt w/ embroidered logo

select shirt color & size: Teal Green, Forest Green or Navy (s,m,l,xl) $30.00SS001 Auto Window Sun Shade with Logo $8.00PN001 Ball point writing pen with EAA and 800 number $1.00CS001 Current Solutions/Motor Show Video Tape (14 minute runtime) $15.00WL001 Window Literature Holder (fits pages 8 5 x 11 inch) $25.00PARK01 "EV Parking Only" Sign (18"x12") green icon $25.00

Electric Auto Association Store Order Form EAA StoreSend order to: 5820 Herma St.

San Jose, CA 95123-3410

Name _____________________________________________Phone ______________ _Address ______________________________________________________________ _City __________________________________ St, _____________ Zip ___________ _

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ELECTRIC AUTO ASSOCIATION2710 St. Giles Lane, Mountain View, CA 94040

# Address Correction Requested #

N ON- PR O F I T

O RGANIZAT IONU.S. P OSTAGE

PAIDSUNNYVALE CA

PERMIT NO .

420

KTAp24a499

# Time Dated Material - Please Do Not Hold #

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