d ative case c ases in g erman what is a case? grammatical cases indicate how certain words function...
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DATIVE CASE
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CASES IN GERMAN What is a case?
Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the particular form of the word itself or by the form of the words that accompany it.
Example: The man gives the girl her friend‘s letter.
Der Mann nominative (subject)
dem Mädchen dative (indirect object)
den Brief accusative(direct object)
ihres Freundes. genitive (possessive object)
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FOUR DIFFERENT CASES IN GERMAN
the nominative used for the subject of a sentence and for
predicate nouns the accusative
used for direct objects and after certain prepositions
the dative used for indirect objects, after certain
prepositions and some special verbs the genitive
used to show possession or close relationships
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ACCUSATIVE Simple sentence consists of a noun (the ship) or
pronoun (he, she) which is the subject. And then there is a predicate. The predicate is
whatever is said about the subject and it consists of a verb.
The target of what is expressed by the verb, a noun or pronoun, is the direct object. It answers the question whom? or what?
Examples: She meets interesting people. (Whom does she
meet?) Sie trifft interessante Menschen.
He reads only the Financial Times. (What does he read?) Er liest nur die Financial Times.
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ACCUSATIVE
The masculine form of both der and kein words change depending on whether the nouns they precede are the subject or the direct object of the verb. Der Pullover ist schön. Ich kaufe den Pullover.
If I am asking for the direct object of a sentence and if it is a person the interrogative pronoun changes from wer? to wen? Sarah besucht meine Tane. Wer besucht deine Tante? Sarah besucht meine Tante. Wen besucht Sarah?
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ACCUSATIVE
If the direct object is not a noun (der Mann) but replaced by a pronoun (ihn), special direct object pronouns are used.
Ich besuche ihn.Nominative Accusativeich michdu dicher/sie/es ihn/sie/eswir unsihr siesie sie
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ACCUSATIVE
Used after certain prepositions bis Ich lerne bis nächsten Mittwoch.
durch Ich gehe durch den Park.
für Er arbeitet für seinen Onkel.
gegen Er ist gegen diesen Politiker.
ohne Sie kommt ohne ihren Freund.
um Wir laufen um den Marktplatz.
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DATIVE We know that many verbs take direct objects
and the the direct objects are signaled by the accusative case.
Some verbs take not only a direct object, but an indirect object as well. The indirect object indicates to whom or for whom something is done and is therefore almost always a person. The indirect object is signaled by the dative case.
I write a letter.Ich schreibe einen Brief.
Ich schreibe meinem Bruder einen Brief.I write my brother a letter.This means: I write a letter to my brother.
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DATIVE FORMS
definite articles:der => demdas => demdie => derpl.: die => den (+n)(Ich schreibe den Freunden)
diesem / dieser / diesen
welchem / welcher / welchen
indefinite articles:ein => einemein => einemeine => einerkeine => keinen (+n)meinem / meiner / meinendeinem / deiner / deinenseinem / seiner / seinenihrem / ihrer / ihrenunserem / unserer /unsereneurem / eurer / eurenihrem / ihrer / ihren
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DATIVE FORMS
pronouns:
ich => mirdu => direr/es => ihmsie => ihr wir => unsihr => euchsie => ihnen
Ihnen
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Die Schwester / der Bruder / das Radio / reparieren
Die Schwester repariertdem Bruder
das Radio.
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Die Schwester repariert dem Bruder das Radio.
Die Schwester repariert den Bruder.
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der Mann / die Familie / das Essen / kochen
Der Mann kochtder Familiedas Essen.
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Der Mann kocht der Familie das Essen.
Der Mann kocht die Familie.
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Die junge Frau / ihr kleiner Cousin / die Schokolade / kaufen
Die junge Frau kauftihrem kleinen Cousindie Schokolade.
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Die junge Frau kauft ihrem kleinen Cousin die Schokolade.
Die junge Frau kauft ihren kleinen Cousin
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WO IST DER DATIV?BLAU : NOMINATIV > SUBJEKTGRÜN : DATIV > INDIREKTES OBJEKTROT: AKKUSATIV > DIREKTES OBJEKT
Die Frauschreibtdem Freund einen Brief.
Seiner Freundinschreibt er nie Briefe.
Heute
schicktsieder Muttereine Karte
Gernzeigendie Leuteden Touristenden Weg.
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DATIVI write a letter.Ich schreibe einen Brief.Ich schreibe ihn.I write (to) my mother.Ich schreibe meiner Mutter.Ich schreibe ihr.I write (to) my brother.Ich schreibe meinem Bruder.Ich schreibe ihm.
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ADJEKTIVENDUNGEN (NACH BESTIMMTEM ARTIKEL)Nominativ: Der schön____George Clooney ist auch
nicht mehr der Jüngste.
Akkusativ: Ich suche den grün_____ Pullover. Ich suche die grün_____Bluse
Dativ: Die Sekräterin hilft dem neu_____ Studenten.
Die Sekräterin hilft der neu______Studentin.
e
en
en
e
en
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WORD ORDER IN DATIV
I write my brother the letter.
Ich schreibe meinem Bruder den Brief.
Ich schreibe ihm den Brief.Ich schreibe ihn meinem Bruder.
Ich schreibe ihn ihm.
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WORD ORDER IN DATIV
I write my mother the letter.Ich schreibe meiner Mutter den Brief.
Ich schreibe ihr den Brief.Ich schreibe ihn meiner Mutter.
Ich schreibe ihn ihr.
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WORD ORDER IN DATIV
Ich schreibe meiner Mutter den Brief.ALL NOUNS: DATIV - AKKUSATIV
Ich schreibe ihr den Brief.Ich schreibe ihn meinem Bruder.MIXED: PRONOUN - NOUN
Ich schreibe ihn ihr. ALL PRONOUNS: AKKUSATIV - DATIV
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PREPOSITIONS WITH DATIV aus außer bei gegenüber mit nach seit von zu
out of / from besides / except near/at/at the house of opposite with to / after since / for from / by / of / about to
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FORM SENTENCESmein Haus / von / sein / nicht weit / die
Universität.deine Schwester / ihr Geburtstag / du / schicken /
eine Postkarte / zu ?wie / zu / der Bahnhof / kommen / man ?eine Woche / ich / in / wohnen / seit / Hamburg.
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MEIN HAUS / VON / SEIN / NICHT WEIT / DIE UNIVERSITÄT
Mein Hausist
nicht weitvon
der Universität.
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DEINE SCHWESTER / IHR GEBURTSTAG / DU / SCHICKEN / EINE POSTKARTE / ZU ?
Schickstdu deiner Schwester
eine Postkartezu
ihrem Geburtstag?
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WIE / ZU / DER BAHNHOF / KOMMEN / MAN ?
Wiekommt
manzu dem (zum) Bahnhof?
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EINE WOCHE / ICH / IN / WOHNEN / SEIT / HAMBURG
Ichwohne
seiteiner Woche
in Hamburg.
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ANTWORTEN
Mein Haus ist nicht weit von der Universität.
Schickst du deiner Schwester eine Postkarte zu ihrem Geburtstag?
Wie kommt man zum Bahnhof?Ich wohne seit einer Woche in Hamburg.
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DATIVThis form is used: for indirect objects:Ich schreibe meiner Freundin einen Brief after these prepositions:
aus außer bei gegenüber mit nach seit von zu
Ich gehe mit meiner Freundin ins Café.
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VERBS WITH DATIV+AKKUSATIVThere are a number of verbs that are often
followed by two objects - direct and indirect: to give - to give someone somethingthe person (s.o.) is always the indirect objectthe thing (s.th.) always the direct object Ich gebe meinem Bruder die Autoschlüssel
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VERBS WITH DATIV+AKKUSATIVSome verbs allow you to use both or one or the
other:to write - to write s.o. s.th.
- to write s.th.- to write s.o.
In German the “s.o.” is represented with Dativ, the “s.th.” with Akkusativ:
Ich schreibe meiner Schwester einen Brief.Ich schreibe ihr.Ich schreibe einen Brief.
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VERBS WITH DATIV+AKKUSATIV to tell to tell s.o. s.th. erzählen Ich erzähle dir eine Geschichte. sagen Ich sage dir etwas. to owe to owe s.o. s.th. schulden Sie schulden mir zehn
Dollar. to send to send s.o. s.th. schicken Wir schicken euch ein Paket. senden Ich sende dir viele Grüße.
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VERBS WITH DATIVin addition German has a number of verbs that
are alwaysfollowed by a DATIV. This is not an indirect
object, but a so-called DATIV object: antworten to answer danken to thank gratulieren to congratulate helfen to help passen to fit / be convenient
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VERBS WITH DATIV gehören to belong
The book belongs to me. book = subject me = object of prep.
Das Buch gehört mir das Buch = subject mir = DATIV object
gefallen to like
I like the book I = subject book = object
Das Buch gefällt mir das Buch = subject mir = DATIV object(The book pleases me)
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EXPRESSIONS WITH DATIVGerman also has a number of expressions that
always use DATIV.
Wie geht es Ihnen? Wie geht es dir? Es geht mir …. Es tut mir leid. I am sorry Tut es dir leid? Are you sorry?
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VERBAL NOUNSIn German verbs can betransformed into nouns by simply adding the definitearticle DAS and capitalizingthe verb. das Einkaufen das Essen das ArbeitenThe English equivalent
shopping eating working
These verbal nouns are often used
after Dativ prepositions:bei - nach - vor - zu
das Essen: beim [bei dem] Essen nach dem Essen vorm [vor dem] Essen zum [zu dem ] Essen