d ative case c ases in g erman what is a case? grammatical cases indicate how certain words function...

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DATIVE CASE

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Page 1: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

DATIVE CASE

Page 2: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

CASES IN GERMAN What is a case?

Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the particular form of the word itself or by the form of the words that accompany it.

Example: The man gives the girl her friend‘s letter.

Der Mann nominative (subject)

dem Mädchen dative (indirect object)

den Brief accusative(direct object)

ihres Freundes. genitive (possessive object)

Page 3: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

FOUR DIFFERENT CASES IN GERMAN

the nominative used for the subject of a sentence and for

predicate nouns the accusative

used for direct objects and after certain prepositions

the dative used for indirect objects, after certain

prepositions and some special verbs the genitive

used to show possession or close relationships

Page 4: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

ACCUSATIVE Simple sentence consists of a noun (the ship) or

pronoun (he, she) which is the subject. And then there is a predicate. The predicate is

whatever is said about the subject and it consists of a verb.

The target of what is expressed by the verb, a noun or pronoun, is the direct object. It answers the question whom? or what?

Examples: She meets interesting people. (Whom does she

meet?) Sie trifft interessante Menschen.

He reads only the Financial Times. (What does he read?) Er liest nur die Financial Times.

Page 5: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

ACCUSATIVE

The masculine form of both der and kein words change depending on whether the nouns they precede are the subject or the direct object of the verb. Der Pullover ist schön. Ich kaufe den Pullover.

If I am asking for the direct object of a sentence and if it is a person the interrogative pronoun changes from wer? to wen? Sarah besucht meine Tane. Wer besucht deine Tante? Sarah besucht meine Tante. Wen besucht Sarah?

Page 6: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

ACCUSATIVE

If the direct object is not a noun (der Mann) but replaced by a pronoun (ihn), special direct object pronouns are used.

Ich besuche ihn.Nominative Accusativeich michdu dicher/sie/es ihn/sie/eswir unsihr siesie sie

Page 7: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

ACCUSATIVE

Used after certain prepositions bis Ich lerne bis nächsten Mittwoch.

durch Ich gehe durch den Park.

für Er arbeitet für seinen Onkel.

gegen Er ist gegen diesen Politiker.

ohne Sie kommt ohne ihren Freund.

um Wir laufen um den Marktplatz.

Page 8: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

DATIVE We know that many verbs take direct objects

and the the direct objects are signaled by the accusative case.

Some verbs take not only a direct object, but an indirect object as well. The indirect object indicates to whom or for whom something is done and is therefore almost always a person. The indirect object is signaled by the dative case.

I write a letter.Ich schreibe einen Brief.

Ich schreibe meinem Bruder einen Brief.I write my brother a letter.This means: I write a letter to my brother.

Page 9: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

DATIVE FORMS

definite articles:der => demdas => demdie => derpl.: die => den (+n)(Ich schreibe den Freunden)

diesem / dieser / diesen

welchem / welcher / welchen

indefinite articles:ein => einemein => einemeine => einerkeine => keinen (+n)meinem / meiner / meinendeinem / deiner / deinenseinem / seiner / seinenihrem / ihrer / ihrenunserem / unserer /unsereneurem / eurer / eurenihrem / ihrer / ihren

Page 10: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

DATIVE FORMS

pronouns:

ich => mirdu => direr/es => ihmsie => ihr wir => unsihr => euchsie => ihnen

Ihnen

Page 11: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

Die Schwester / der Bruder / das Radio / reparieren

Die Schwester repariertdem Bruder

das Radio.

Page 12: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

Die Schwester repariert dem Bruder das Radio.

Die Schwester repariert den Bruder.

Page 13: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

der Mann / die Familie / das Essen / kochen

Der Mann kochtder Familiedas Essen.

Page 14: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

Der Mann kocht der Familie das Essen.

Der Mann kocht die Familie.

Page 15: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

Die junge Frau / ihr kleiner Cousin / die Schokolade / kaufen

Die junge Frau kauftihrem kleinen Cousindie Schokolade.

Page 16: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

Die junge Frau kauft ihrem kleinen Cousin die Schokolade.

Die junge Frau kauft ihren kleinen Cousin

Page 17: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

WO IST DER DATIV?BLAU : NOMINATIV > SUBJEKTGRÜN : DATIV > INDIREKTES OBJEKTROT: AKKUSATIV > DIREKTES OBJEKT

Die Frauschreibtdem Freund einen Brief.

Seiner Freundinschreibt er nie Briefe.

Heute

schicktsieder Muttereine Karte

Gernzeigendie Leuteden Touristenden Weg.

Page 18: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

DATIVI write a letter.Ich schreibe einen Brief.Ich schreibe ihn.I write (to) my mother.Ich schreibe meiner Mutter.Ich schreibe ihr.I write (to) my brother.Ich schreibe meinem Bruder.Ich schreibe ihm.

Page 19: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the
Page 20: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

ADJEKTIVENDUNGEN (NACH BESTIMMTEM ARTIKEL)Nominativ: Der schön____George Clooney ist auch

nicht mehr der Jüngste.

Akkusativ: Ich suche den grün_____ Pullover. Ich suche die grün_____Bluse

Dativ: Die Sekräterin hilft dem neu_____ Studenten.

Die Sekräterin hilft der neu______Studentin.

e

en

en

e

en

Page 21: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

WORD ORDER IN DATIV

I write my brother the letter.

Ich schreibe meinem Bruder den Brief.

Ich schreibe ihm den Brief.Ich schreibe ihn meinem Bruder.

Ich schreibe ihn ihm.

Page 22: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

WORD ORDER IN DATIV

I write my mother the letter.Ich schreibe meiner Mutter den Brief.

Ich schreibe ihr den Brief.Ich schreibe ihn meiner Mutter.

Ich schreibe ihn ihr.

Page 23: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

WORD ORDER IN DATIV

Ich schreibe meiner Mutter den Brief.ALL NOUNS: DATIV - AKKUSATIV

Ich schreibe ihr den Brief.Ich schreibe ihn meinem Bruder.MIXED: PRONOUN - NOUN

Ich schreibe ihn ihr. ALL PRONOUNS: AKKUSATIV - DATIV

Page 24: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

PREPOSITIONS WITH DATIV aus außer bei gegenüber mit nach seit von zu

out of / from besides / except near/at/at the house of opposite with to / after since / for from / by / of / about to

Page 25: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

FORM SENTENCESmein Haus / von / sein / nicht weit / die

Universität.deine Schwester / ihr Geburtstag / du / schicken /

eine Postkarte / zu ?wie / zu / der Bahnhof / kommen / man ?eine Woche / ich / in / wohnen / seit / Hamburg.

Page 26: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

MEIN HAUS / VON / SEIN / NICHT WEIT / DIE UNIVERSITÄT

Mein Hausist

nicht weitvon

der Universität.

Page 27: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

DEINE SCHWESTER / IHR GEBURTSTAG / DU / SCHICKEN / EINE POSTKARTE / ZU ?

Schickstdu deiner Schwester

eine Postkartezu

ihrem Geburtstag?

Page 28: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

WIE / ZU / DER BAHNHOF / KOMMEN / MAN ?

Wiekommt

manzu dem (zum) Bahnhof?

Page 29: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

EINE WOCHE / ICH / IN / WOHNEN / SEIT / HAMBURG

Ichwohne

seiteiner Woche

in Hamburg.

Page 30: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

ANTWORTEN

Mein Haus ist nicht weit von der Universität.

Schickst du deiner Schwester eine Postkarte zu ihrem Geburtstag?

Wie kommt man zum Bahnhof?Ich wohne seit einer Woche in Hamburg.

Page 31: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

DATIVThis form is used: for indirect objects:Ich schreibe meiner Freundin einen Brief after these prepositions:

aus außer bei gegenüber mit nach seit von zu

Ich gehe mit meiner Freundin ins Café.

Page 32: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

VERBS WITH DATIV+AKKUSATIVThere are a number of verbs that are often

followed by two objects - direct and indirect: to give - to give someone somethingthe person (s.o.) is always the indirect objectthe thing (s.th.) always the direct object Ich gebe meinem Bruder die Autoschlüssel

Page 33: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

VERBS WITH DATIV+AKKUSATIVSome verbs allow you to use both or one or the

other:to write - to write s.o. s.th.

- to write s.th.- to write s.o.

In German the “s.o.” is represented with Dativ, the “s.th.” with Akkusativ:

Ich schreibe meiner Schwester einen Brief.Ich schreibe ihr.Ich schreibe einen Brief.

Page 34: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

VERBS WITH DATIV+AKKUSATIV to tell to tell s.o. s.th. erzählen Ich erzähle dir eine Geschichte. sagen Ich sage dir etwas. to owe to owe s.o. s.th. schulden Sie schulden mir zehn

Dollar. to send to send s.o. s.th. schicken Wir schicken euch ein Paket. senden Ich sende dir viele Grüße.

Page 35: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

VERBS WITH DATIVin addition German has a number of verbs that

are alwaysfollowed by a DATIV. This is not an indirect

object, but a so-called DATIV object: antworten to answer danken to thank gratulieren to congratulate helfen to help passen to fit / be convenient

Page 36: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

VERBS WITH DATIV gehören to belong

The book belongs to me. book = subject me = object of prep.

Das Buch gehört mir das Buch = subject mir = DATIV object

gefallen to like

I like the book I = subject book = object

Das Buch gefällt mir das Buch = subject mir = DATIV object(The book pleases me)

Page 37: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

EXPRESSIONS WITH DATIVGerman also has a number of expressions that

always use DATIV.

Wie geht es Ihnen? Wie geht es dir? Es geht mir …. Es tut mir leid. I am sorry Tut es dir leid? Are you sorry?

Page 38: D ATIVE CASE C ASES IN G ERMAN What is a case? Grammatical cases indicate how certain words function in a sentence. The case of a word is shown by the

VERBAL NOUNSIn German verbs can betransformed into nouns by simply adding the definitearticle DAS and capitalizingthe verb. das Einkaufen das Essen das ArbeitenThe English equivalent

shopping eating working

These verbal nouns are often used

after Dativ prepositions:bei - nach - vor - zu

das Essen: beim [bei dem] Essen nach dem Essen vorm [vor dem] Essen zum [zu dem ] Essen