π dalitz transition form factor and other news from na62Β Β· 2017. 4. 26.Β Β· π dalitz...
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π π Dalitz Transition Form Factor and other news from NA62
Nicolas LurkinUniversity of Birmingham, 26/04/2017
π0 transition form factor slope from the π0 Dalitz decay at NA62 2007
The πΎ+ β π+π π decay
Status of the NA62 detector
Status of the K+ β π+π π analysis
Prospects for exotic searches at NA62
Outline
Nicolas Lurkin, 26/04/2017 2
CERN NA48/NA62 experiments
NA48/NA62:Centre of the LHC
Jura mountainsFrance
Geneva airport
Switzerland
LHC
SPS
Experiments history
Earlier NA31
1997
2001
NA48(πΎπ/πΎπΏ)
π π νβ²/νDiscovery of direct CPV
2002 NA48/1 (πΎπ/hyperons)
Rare πΎπ and hyperondecays
2003
2004
NA48/2 (πΎ+/πΎβ)
Direct CPV, Rare πΎ+/πΎβ decays
2007
2008
NA62RK(πΎ+/πΎβ)
π πΎ = πΎπ2Β± /πΎπ2
Β±
2014
β¦
NA62 (πΎ+)
πΎ+ β π+π π, RareπΎ+ and π0 decays
Kaon decay in flight experimentNA62: currently ~200 participants, 29 institutions from 13 countries
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1st part
2nd part
A step back in the past
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Principal subdetectors
Scintillator hodoscope (HOD)β’ Low-level trigger,
time measurement (150 ps)
Magnetic spectrometer (4DCHs)β’ 4 views/DCH high efficiency
β’ππ
π= 0.48%β 0.009% β π [GeV/c]
Liquid Krypton EM calorimeter (LKr)β’ High granularity, quasi-homogeneous
β’ππΈ
πΈ=
3.2
πΈβ
9
πΈβ0.42 %
β’ ππ₯ = ππ¦ =4.2
πΈβ0.6 mm
(1.5 mm @ 10 GeV)
Experimental Setup (NA62 2007 data)
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Data taking conditions β’ ππΎ = 74 Β± 2 GeV/cβ’ Triggers: 1-track πΒ±, 1-track πΒ±
β’ Alternate πΎ+ πΎβ beam, possibility to block both beams
[E in GeV]
π π β π+πβπΈ
Kinematic variables
π₯ =ππ++ππβ
2
ππ02 , π¦ =
2ππ0β π
π+βππβ
ππ02 1βπ₯
Differential decay width
1
Ξ π2πΎ0
π2Ξ ππ·0
ππ₯ππ¦=
πΌ
4π
1βπ₯ 3
π₯1 + π¦2 +
π2
π₯1 + πΏ π₯, π¦ πΉ π₯ 2
Form factor varies slowly:
Approximation πΉ π₯ β 1 + ππ₯
π π TFF: Dalitz Decay
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Electromagnetic Transition Form factor
Radiativecorrections
Computed in multiple theoretical framework: Chiral perturbation theory [K. Kampf et al., EPJ C46 (2006), 191]:
π = 2.90 Β± 0.50 Γ 10β2
Dispersion theory [M. Hoferichter et al., EPJ C74 (2014), 3180]:π = 3.07 Β± 0.06 Γ 10β2
Two-hadron saturation (THS) model [T. Husek et al., EPJ C75 (2015) 12, 586]:π = 2.92 Β± 0.04 Γ 10β2
All roughly agree on a value close to 3% Measured in experiment:
Space-like momentum transfer (CELLO) [H. J. Behrend et al., Z. Phys. C49 (1991), 401]:
π = 3.26 Β± 0.26π π‘ππ‘ Γ 10β2
β’ Most precise, but model dependent extrapolation
Time-like momentum transfer, many βoldβ results (latest result from 1992, but MAMI [P. Adlarson et al., Phys. Rev. C 95, 025202])β’ Limited by statistics and theoretical uncertainties on radiative correctionsβ’ No single clear evidence of non-zero value
π π TFF: Motivations
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Better model independent measurement is an important test of the theory models
Important input for:
Hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to π β 2 π[A. Nyffeler, Phys. Rev. D 94, 053006 (2016)]
β’ 3π discrepancy between theory and experiment for π β 2 π
β’ The HLBL contribution is the second largest source of uncertainty
β’ The π0 contribution is about 25% of the HLBL uncertainty
π0 β π+πβ decay rate [A. E. Dorokhov and M. A. Ivanov, Phys. Rev. D 75, 114007]
β’ 3.3π discrepancy between theory and experiment in the Br
β’ Hypothesis: transition form factor extrapolated from CELLO data is not valid (there are others)
π π TFF: Motivations
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Corrections from NLO differential width encoded in
πΉ π, π = π ππͺπππ
π ππ π
πππͺππ
ππ±ππ² Mikaelian and Smith [Phys.Rev. D5 (1972) 1763]
Husek, Kampf and Novotny [Phys.Rev. D92 (2015) 5, 054027]
New πΏ1πΎπΌπ contribution
Divergences cancel between πΏπ£πππ‘ and πΏππππ
π π TFF: Radiative Corrections
Nicolas Lurkin, 26/04/2017 9
πΏππππ
πΏ1πΎπΌπ
πΏπ£πππ‘
Corrections are of the same magnitude as TFF
π π TFF: Radiative Corrections
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πΏ π₯, π¦π₯ spectrum
πΏππππ is a 4-body decay π0 β π+πβπΎπΎβ discrepancies at low (Dalitz) photon energy
New hybrid generator 3-body generator with πΏ1πΎπΌπ , πΏπ£πππ‘ radiative corrections and part of πΏππππ
necessary to cancel divergences
4-body generator for remaining bremsstrahlung contribution
At the generator level, selection based on a cut-off parameter
3 MC samples produced Main sample: blue
Convergence test: β’ red (agreement with main sample)
β’ green (not enough bremsstrahlung photons)
π π TFF: Radiative Corrections
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πΎ energy spectrum
Measure the slope from a pure ππ·0 sample from ~2 Γ 1010 πΎ+
decays
Use the πΎΒ± β πΒ±π0 (πΎ2ππ·) decay chain
π+πβπΎ
3-track vertex topology
Maximum three well reconstructed tracks
Photon: single isolated cluster in LKr (away from (un)deflected track impact points)
π π TFF: Selection
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Remove track bremsstrahlung photons
Particle identification from reconstructed kinematics115 MeV/π2 < ππππΎ < 145 MeV/π2
465 MeV/π2 < ππ+π0 < 510 MeV/π2
π π TFF: Selection
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Correct mass assignment Incorrect mass assignment
Reconstructed Kaon compatible with beam properties and offline L2 and L3 trigger conditions
Selected sample: 1.1 Γ 106 fully reconstructed ππ·0 events in the
signal region (π₯ > 0.01)
π π TFF: Selection
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π₯ spectrum of selected sample Selection acceptances
Reconstructed Kaon compatible with beam properties and offline L2 and L3 trigger conditions
Selected sample: 1.1 Γ 106 fully reconstructed ππ·0 events in the
signal region (π₯ > 0.01)
π π TFF: Selection
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Reconstructed πΎ+ mass Reconstructed π0 mass
Build π₯ Dalitz distribution for data and MC (equal population bins)
For each TFF slope value hypothesis, reweight simulated events (ππ ππ = 0.032)
π€ π =1+ππ₯π‘ππ’π
2
1+ππ πππ₯π‘ππ’π2
Minimise π2 π of Data/Simulation wrt. π
π = 3.68 Β± 0.51π π‘ππ‘ Β± 0.25π π¦π π‘ Γ 10β2
= 3.68 Β± 0.57 Γ 10β2
(π2/n.d.f: 54.8/49, p-value: 26.4%)
π π TFF: Result
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Fit result illustration Data/MC(a=0) ratio 25 equal population bins Points in bin barycentre
Uncertainties
Source πΉπ Γ ππβπ
Statistical β Data 0.48Statistical β MC 0.18Spectrometer momentum scale 0.16Accidental background 0.15Particle mis-ID 0.06Calorimeter trigger efficiency 0.06Spectrometer resolution 0.05LKr non-linearity and energy scale 0.04Beam momentum spectrum simulation
0.03
Neglected ππ·0 sources in MC 0.01
Systematic effects
Trigger efficiency
π0 Dalitz decay generator
Detector calibration andresolution
Accidentals
Particle identification
Neglected ππ·0 sources
Beam momentum simulation
π π TFF: Result
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π π TFF: World Data Theory expectations (reminder) Chiral perturbation theory:
π = 2.90 Β± 0.50 Γ 10β2
Dispersion theory:π = 3.07 Β± 0.06 Γ 10β2
Two-hadron saturation model:π = 2.92 Β± 0.04 Γ 10β2
CELLO measurement: Extrapolation using VMD model:π = 3.26 Β± 0.26π π‘ππ‘ Γ 10
β2
NA62 measurement Compatible with previous
measurements Compatible with theory
(~1π above VMD expectations) 15% relative uncertainty
(2x better than previous measurement)
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Back to present days!
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Ultra rare FCNC decay
Highly CKM suppressed: π΅π ~ ππ‘π β ππ‘π
2
Theoretically very clean Largely dominated by top quark contribution
Small contribution from the charm quark
Small long-distance corrections
Hadronic matric element from π΅π πΎ+ β π0π+π
Largest uncertainties from CKM parameters
Small SM contribution β New physics contribution can be of the same order
The π²+ β π +π π decay
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Theoreticallyvery clean
Theoretical status:
π΅π πΎ+ β π+π π ππ = 9.11 Β± 0.72 Γ 10β11
Experimental status:
Seven signal candidates from E787/E949 experiment at BNL
Stopped kaon technique
π΅π πΎ+ β π+π π ππ₯π = 17.3β10.5+11.5 Γ 10β11
Status of π²+ β π +π π
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[E787/E949, Phys.Rev.Lett.101, 191802, 2008]
[A.J. Buras et al., JHEP 1511 (2015) 033]
Impose bounds on new physics modelsLittlest Higgs with T-parity (LHT)
Best probe of MSSM non-MFV
Custodial Randall-Sundrum
Zβ bosons
Impact of π²+ β π +π πMeasurement of ππ‘π
complementary to LHCb
Searches complementary/alternative to LHC
Accessible mass scales beyond those of LHC
Nicolas Lurkin, 26/04/2017 22
Current exp.precision
10% precision,same central value
[JHEP 0608 (2006) 064]
[Acta Phys. Polonica B41(2010)657]
[JHEP 0903 (2009) 108]
[JHEP 1302 (2013) 116]
[arXiv:1012.3893 [hep-ph]]
Operation started in 2014
2014 Pilot run
2015 Commissioning run Including a minimum bias run at ~π% intensity
2016 Commissioning + Physics run Data taken at ~ππ% of the nominal intensity
NA62: The current experiment
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Low level triggers acquired in 2016
07/05 β 22/07: commissioning
3/07 β 13/09: Final commissioning (L1 Trigger, GTK) + Physics (exotic, rare/forbidden decays)
16/09 β 03/11: Physics (πππ, exotic, rare/forbidden decays)
2016 run statisticsData analysed and presented On disk
[πππ period, 60m fiducial volume] 13 Γ 1011 ppp on T10
[average, 40% nominal] 103 Tbyte Data ~5% of 2016 data
(2.3 Γ 1010 πΎ+ decays)
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All GTK stations operational
Measurement of π΅π πΎ+ β π+π π πͺ 10% precision
πͺ 10% signal acceptance
Momentum 75 GeV/π2, 1% bite
Divergence (RMS) 100 ΞΌrad
Transverse size 60 Γ 30 ππ2
Composition πΎ+ 6% , π+ 70% , π 24%
Nominal rate 33 Γ 1011 ppp on T10 (750 MHz at GTK3). 10% decay in fiducial volume
πͺ 5/1 Signal/Background
Main physics goal
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β Need 1013 πΎ+ decays in the fiducial volumeβ Need intense beam
β Need πͺ 1012 background rejection factorβ Need powerful discriminant and vetoes
Maximum achievable intensity and DAQ capability depends on the spill quality
Spill frequency spectrum is computed online
Bad spill
β’ Strong 50 Hz component (and harmonics)
Beam
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NA62 data
PID and high efficiency Veto systems (< 10β5 inefficiency)
Photons vetoes (LAV, LKr, IRC, SAC) Leptons vetoes (LKr, MUV) Accidentals vetoes (CHANTI)
PID (KTAG, RICH)
ππππ π 2 β ππΎ
2 1 βππππΎ
+ππ2 1 β
ππΎππ
β ππΎ ππ ππK2
The NA62 Challenge
27
Decay backgrounds
Decay mode BR
π+π πΎ 63.5%
π+π0 πΎ 20.7%
π+π+πβ 5.6%
π0π+π 5.1%
π0π+π 3.3%
π+π0π0 1.8%
π+πβπ+π 4.1 Γ 10β5
Other backgrounds
Beam-gas interactions
Upstream interactions
Kinematic rejection Kaon momentum (GigaTracker) π momentum (Straw)
Time resolutionMatching of upstream-downstream activity (< 100 ps time resolution)
Reg
ion
I
Reg
ion
II
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Momentum measurement (GTK, STRAW)
Particle ID (KTAG, RICH)
Photon vetoes (LAV, IRC, SAC, LKr)
Muon vetoes (MUV1,2, MUV3)
Accidentals vetoes (CHANTI)
Trigger (CHOD)
The NA62 detectorDecay region
Fiducial region 60 m
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[NA62 Detector Paper, arXiv:1703.08501]
All stations fully operational since September
Final πmiss2 resolution using GTK
π π
π+
ππ+= 0.3%β 0.005% β ππ+
π ππΎ
ππΎ= 0.2%
π ππ+ = 20 Γ· 100 ΞΌrad
π ππΎ = 15 ΞΌrad
Gigatracker
Nicolas Lurkin, 26/04/2017 31
π ππππ π 2 π£π . ππ+
Design resolution0.001 GeV4/π2
Particle identification using the RICH detector Best separation for 15 πΊππ/π2 < ππ+ < 35 GeV/π
2
RICH ring-finding algorithm
Ring efficiency: νππππ~90% Maximum likelihood with π+
hypothesis, using ring radius, ππ from Straw
νπ ~ 10β2 νπ ~ 80%
Downstream Particle Identification
Nicolas Lurkin, 26/04/2017 33
Ring radius vs. ππ+
Muon ID efficiencyPion ID efficiency
Particle identification using calorimeters (LKr, MUV1,2, MUV3)
BDT technique, using E, E sharing, cluster shape, track-cluster distance
νπ ~ 10β5 νπ ~ 80%
Combined efficiency
Pion efficiency: 60%
Muon rejection: 10β7
Downstream Particle Identification
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Pion ID efficiency
Muon ID efficiency
Expectations
π²+ β π +π π analysisIn 2016, study single event sensitivity
Start selection with βsingle track kaon decayβ
Single track topology
Apply timing cuts to reject accidentals
KTAG signal
GTK track β Straw track matching
Trigger
PNN: Kaon signal, Single track, no muon signal, no electromagnetic energy
Control: CHOD (at least one track, D=400)
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Signal & background (events/year)
Signal 45
πΎ+ β π+π0 5
πΎ+ β π+π 1
πΎ+ β π+π+πβ <1
Other 3-track decays <1
πΎ+ β π+π0πΎ (IB) 1.5
πΎ+ β π=ππΎ (IB) 0.5
Total background <10
Decay origin πΎ+ decay downstream of
GTK3
πΎ+ interaction in GTK3
πΎ+ decay upstream of GTK3: βearly decaysβ
Fiducial decay region
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GTK3
Stra
w
Design
ππ+ vs. π§π£π‘π₯ for single track kaon decays βsingle track kaon decayβ
Fiducial region
Early decays are source of π+ tracks in GTK
Possible mismatching of the straw track (from genuine πΎ+ decay) with the π GTK track Fake vertex: distributions are different for background and signal
110/115 < π§π£π‘π₯ < 165 m
Fiducial decay region
Nicolas Lurkin, 26/04/2017 37
π π π‘πππ€1 vs. π§π£π‘π₯ π GTK track π π π‘πππ€1 vs. π§π£π‘π₯ (signal)
15 < ππ+ < 35 GeV/π
Region I: 0 < ππππ π 2 < 0.01 GeV4/π2
Region II: 0.026 < ππππ π 2 < 0.068 GeV4/π2
Signal region
Nicolas Lurkin, 26/04/2017 38
πΎ+ β π+π0
πΎ+ β π+π+πβ
πΎ+ β π+π
ππππ π 2 vs. ππ+ (fiducial region)
βsingle track kaon decayβ Fiducial region
ππππ π 2 RICH : pion track 3-momentum measured by RICH
ππππ π 2 No β GTK : Assume nominal kaon track 3-momentum
Apply particle ID
RICH
Calorimeters
Signal region
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πΎ+ β π+π0 region
πΎ+ β π+π+πβ region
πΎ+ β π+π region
ππππ π 2 RICH vs. ππππ π
2
βsingle track kaon decayβ Fiducial region Particle ID
Apply photon veto condition (LKr, LAV, IRC, SAC)
π+π0 suppression:
νπ0 =π after Ξ³ rej,PNN trigger
π· β π before Ξ³ rej,min.bias= 1.2 Β± 0.2 Γ 10β7
Photon rejection
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π+π0 region, before πΎ rejection(Control trigger)
π+π0 region, after πΎ rejection(PNN trigger)
βsingle track kaon decayβ Fiducial region Particle ID Signal region
ππππππ₯π
= π·ππππ‘πππ β πππππππ‘πππ β
π΅ππππ
π΅πππβ π΄πππ
π΄ππβ νπ‘ππππ = 0.064
Event in the box has ππππ π 2 ππ β πΊππΎ
outside the signal region
More improvements in signal efficiency and background rejection expected in the future
π²+ β π +π π result
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Background level
πΎ+ β π+π0 0.024
πΎ+ β π+π 0.011
πΎ+ β π+π+πβ 0.017
Total background 0.052
Estimated S/B 80%
Normalisation: πΎ+ β π+π0 control trigger data passing signal selection but the photon rejection
~ 0.6/0.86from MC
~ 85% (preliminary)measured with data
ππππ π 2 RICH vs. ππππ π
2
Multiple opportunities for exotic searches in the current conditions
Search for dark photon Search the decay chain πΎ+ β π+π0, π0 β π΄β²πΎ, π΄β² β invisible
π΅π π0 β π΄β²πΎ = 2π2 1 βππ΄2
ππ02
3
Γ π΅π π0 β πΎπΎ
Peak search in ππππ π 2 = ππΎ β ππ β ππΎ
2
Analysis:
PNN trigger
Selection:β’ Same π+ as in π+π π
β’ 1πΎ in LKr
β’ Missing momentum in LKr
β’ Veto for extra πΎ
Exotic searches: Dark photon
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ππππ π 2 spectrum
Min. biasdata
π΄β² MC
ππ΄β² = 40 MeV/π2
ππ΄β² = 60 MeV/π2
ππ΄β² = 80 MeV/π2
ππ΄β² = 100 MeV/π2
ππ΄β² = 120 MeV/π2
Black line: na62 search result (3% of 2016 data)
Red line: assume equal counts for data and background
πΎ β πππ: model dependent limit from E787/E949
Dark photon
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Peak search in ππππ π 2 spectrum of πΎ+ β β+πβ β = π, π decays
Using 2015 minimum bias sample:23M πΎ+ β π+ππ; 1500 πΎ
+ β π+ππ Background 100x lower than NA62 2007
Can set worlds most stringent limits on heavy neutrino production
Heavy Neutral Lepton
Nicolas Lurkin, 26/04/2017 44
2015 preliminary2015 preliminary
Measurement of rare decays πΎ+ β π+β+ββ β = π, π
Search for LFV/LNV modes πΎ+ β πββ+β+, πΎ+ β π+πΒ±πβ
Use Multi-track trigger
2016A dataset event yield comparable to NA48/2, but much lower background level (~2π πΎ+ β π+π+πβ, ~1π πΎ+ β π+π+πβ)
Rare/Forbidden decays
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2 runs (17h total) dedicated to ALP searches
Beam dump mode (remove target, close collimators)
ALP couples to 2πΎ and produced in the upstream collimator
Long-lived exotic particles
1018 protons on target/year: π/π/πβ²/Ξ¦/ π/π and charmed mesons produced
Can decay into long-lived exotic particles, decaying inside the NA62 decay volume
Other exotic searches
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Stable data taking for
πΎ+ β π+π π More exotics, rare and forbidden decays
Run at 40% to 60% of nominal intensity (depending on beam quality)
Expect 14-15 SM πΎ+ β π+π π events in 2017
Plan for 2017
Nicolas Lurkin, 26/04/2017 48
New result from NA62 2007: π0 transition form factor slope from π0 Dalitz decay:
π = 3.68 Β± 0.51π π‘ππ‘ Β± 0.25π π¦π π‘ Γ 10β2
NA62 detector, beam line and trigger fully commissioned
GTK is fully operational, performances are nominal
Veto capabilities at the level of 10β7
πΎ+ β π+π π analysis on-going
5% of 2016 data analysed
Signal efficiency lower and background larger than expected
Improvements are expected
Exotic searches being performed with 2015 and 2016 data
Already some worlds best limits in some channels
First results expected this year, many more in the coming years
Summary
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