data vs. information (4)
TRANSCRIPT
Data vs. Information
Data raw facts no context just numbers and text
Information data with context processed data value-added to data
summarized organized analyzed
Data vs. Information
Data: 51007 Information:
5/10/07 The date of your final exam. $51,007 The average starting salary of an
accounting major. 51007 Zip code of Bronson Iowa.
Data vs. Information
Data 6.34 6.45 6.39 6.62 6.57 6.64 6.71 6.82 7.12 7.06
SIRIUS SATELLITE RADIO INC.
$5.80
$6.00
$6.20
$6.40
$6.60
$6.80
$7.00
$7.20
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Last 10 Days
Sto
ck P
rice
Information
Data Information Knowledge
Data
Information
Summarizing the data
Averaging the data
Selecting part of the data
Graphing the data
Adding context
Adding value
Data Information Knowledge
Information
Knowledge
How is the info tied to outcomes?
Are there any patterns in the info?
What info is relevant to the problem?
How does this info effect the system?
What is the best way to use the info?
How can we add more value to the info?
Information Systems
Generic Goal: Transform Data into Information
At the Core of an Information System is a Database (raw data).
Information Systems (TSP and PCS)
Data doesn’t just appear,Capturing Data is really the first step
These systems help capture data but they also have other purposes (goals):
1. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
2. Process Control Systems (PCS)
Capturing Data
What are some examples of real TPS’s?
What kind of data is being capture?
How is this data transformed into Information?
Data Processing
Recall that a basic system is composed of 5 components Input, Output, Processing, Feedback, Control
Typically processing helps transform data into information.
Input OutputProcessing
Raw Data Information
Processing
Summarizing Computing Averages Graphing Creating Charts Visualizing Data
Processing: Great Example
Navigation System Specialized Geographic Information System
Input: Maps, Addresses, Points of Interest, “Yellow Pages”
Processing: Computing Shortest Paths; Finding the Nearest Chinese Restaurant
Output: Directions (each turn + a map with arrows) List of nearby Chinese Restaurants (sorted by dist.)
Analysis – Navigation System
Recall that Information Systems have five more specific components:
People, Data, Communication Network, Hardware, Software.
In a Navigation System… what is the Communication Network? what is the Hardware? who are the People?
Course Goal: Help you analyze systems?
Step 1: Always ask yourself…What is the purpose of the system?
Step 2: Identify People, Data, Hardware, Software, Communication Network.
Step 3: Identify Input, Output, Processing, Feedback, Control.
Navigation System Feedback
So what is the feedback in a navigation system? Feedback is information about how the system
is performing. Feedback can help you identify problems with the
system…so you can improve it. Feedback helps you determine if the system is
achieving its goal. In a heating system, the feedback was the actual
temperature.
Navigation System Control
So what are some of the controls in a navigation system?
Control: Changing a variable to help the system reach its goal or to set a new goal.
In a heating system, the control was the desired temperature.
Navigation System Control
Obviously, entering a new destination Not so obvious…
zooming in changing the map view selecting an alternative route
Key Points
A Navigation System takes raw data (maps, locations) and displays it visually (data information) so that it is easier to drive to a location. Goal
The feedback (your current location) is perhaps the most important feature.
Paper maps can NOT show your location.
Geographic Information Systems (GIS
In lab we are going to learn more about…
1. GIS systems… Data more informational (more valuable) if you
visualize it on a map.
2. Attributes that make information more valuable…
Information is more valuable if it helps you achieve your goal.