Alkalinity – The capacity of water to neutralize acids; caused by the water’s content of

carbonate, bicarbonate, hydroxide, and occasionally borate, silicate, and phosperate.

Apparent Colour – Colour of water/suspended matter in raw/untreated water

True Colour – Colour of the water from which turbidity has been removed.

Cathodic Protection – n electrical system for prevention of rust, corrosion, and pittin!

of metal surfaces which are in contact with water or soil. low volta!e current is "owed

throu!h a li#uid. This concentrates corrosion on auxiliary anodic parts.

 Jar Test – a #uic$ test of water to simulate coa!ulation/"occulation with of the same

water in multiple %ars with di&erent chemical doses added to estimate the ideal

coa!ulant dose needed.

Grab Sample – sin!le sample collected at a particular time and place that represents

the composition of the water only at that time and place. 'mmediate results for a speci(c

water supply.

Polymer – )on! chain molecule formed by the union of many smaller molecules. *sed

with other chemical coa!ulants to aid in bindin! small suspended particles to lar!er

chemical "ocs for removal from water.

Coagulant Aid – any chemical used to assist or modify coa!ulation

Coagulation – the clumpin! to!ether of (ne particles into lar!er particles to ma$e it

easy to separate from water.

Suspended Solids – solids that "oat on surface or suspended in water/wastewater or

other li#uids. lso the #uantity of material removed from water in a laboratory test.

Colloids – very small, (nely divided solids that remain dispersed in a li#uid for a lon!

time due to their small size and electrical char!e.

Short Circuiting – when some of the "owin! water enterin! a tan$ "ows alon! a direct

pathway from the inlet to the outlet, which results in shorter contact, reaction, or and

lon!er settlin! times

Flocculation – !atherin! to!ether (ne particles after coa!ulation to form lar!er particles

by !entle mixin!

Floc – clumps of particulate impurities that form as a cluster as a result of "occulation

Detention Time – the theoretical time re#uired for a small amount of water to pass

throu!h a tan$ at a !iven "ow or the actual time that a small amount of water is in a

basin.

Clarifer – a lar!e tan$ in which water is held for a period of time so that sedimentation

can occur.

Inorganic – material such as sand, salt, iron and other mineral materials. +f mineral

ori!in.

rganic – substances that come from animal or plant sources. lways contain carbon.

 

Tube Settler – a device that uses tubes installed on an incline to aid sedimentation or

particle removal

!ead "oss – the pressure lost by water "owin! in a pipe or channel as a result of

turbulence caused by the velocity of "owin! water and the rou!hness of the

pipe/channel. riction losses.

"aunders – sedimentation basin and (lter dischar!e channels consistin! of over"ow

weir plates and conveyin! trou!hs.