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Demographic Profile:Ephesus

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Contents

• Decennial 2010 Profile

• Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

• ACS 2014-18 Profile

• Technical Notes, ACS Profile

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EPHESUS Decennial 2010 Profile

Sex and Age

80−84

85 and over

70−74

75−79

65−69

45−49

25−29

50−54

40−44

35−39

55−59

5−9

10−14

30−34

Under 5

60−64

20−24

15−19

20 10 0 10 20

Males

Females

Ephesus

85 and over

80−84

75−79

70−74

65−69

60−64

55−59

20−24

Under 5

10−14

30−34

25−29

5−9

50−54

15−19

40−44

35−39

45−49

400,000 200,000 0 200,000 400,000

Males

Females

Georgia

2

Decennial 2010 Profile EPHESUS

Race and Latino Origin

94%

2%0%2%1%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Ephesus

56%30%

3%

9%2%

Non−Hispanic White

Non−Hispanic Black

Non−Hispanic Asian

Hispanic/Latino

Other

Georgia

3


Housing Tenure

32%

29%

24%

16%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Ephesus

43%

15%

30%

12%

Owner−occupied with mortgage

Owner−occupied free and clear

Renter−occupied

Vacant

Georgia

4


Households by Type

53%

17%

30%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Ephesus

48%

21%

31%

Husband−wife family

Single−headed family

Non−family

Georgia

5


Children by Household Type

48%

32%

15%

5%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Ephesus

57%28%

12%2%

Own parent(s), husband−wife family

Own parent, single−parent family

Other relative

Non−relative or group quarters

Georgia

6


SEX AND AGE Number PercentTotal population 427 100.0%

Under 5 years 34 8.0%5 to 9 years 32 7.5%10 to 14 years 27 6.3%15 to 19 years 33 7.7%20 to 24 years 30 7.0%25 to 29 years 25 5.9%30 to 34 years 23 5.4%35 to 39 years 28 6.6%40 to 44 years 32 7.5%45 to 49 years 25 5.9%50 to 54 years 22 5.2%55 to 59 years 28 6.6%60 to 64 years 34 8.0%65 to 69 years 21 4.9%70 to 74 years 9 2.1%75 to 79 years 9 2.1%80 to 84 years 6 1.4%85 years and over 9 2.1%

Median age (years) 36.7 (X)

16 years and over 328 76.8%18 years and over 313 73.3%21 years and over 293 68.6%62 years and over 76 17.8%65 years and over 54 12.6%

Male population 215 50.4%Under 5 years 19 4.4%5 to 9 years 18 4.2%10 to 14 years 12 2.8%15 to 19 years 16 3.7%20 to 24 years 13 3.0%25 to 29 years 14 3.3%30 to 34 years 8 1.9%35 to 39 years 14 3.3%40 to 44 years 19 4.4%45 to 49 years 14 3.3%50 to 54 years 11 2.6%55 to 59 years 14 3.3%60 to 64 years 17 4.0%65 to 69 years 13 3.0%70 to 74 years 4 0.9%75 to 79 years 2 0.5%80 to 84 years 2 0.5%85 years and over 5 1.2%


16 years and over 165 38.6%18 years and over 156 36.5%21 years and over 146 34.2%

Continued on next page...

7


SEX AND AGE (Continued) Number Percent62 years and over 38 8.9%65 years and over 26 6.1%

Female population 212 49.6%Under 5 years 15 3.5%5 to 9 years 14 3.3%10 to 14 years 15 3.5%15 to 19 years 17 4.0%20 to 24 years 17 4.0%25 to 29 years 11 2.6%30 to 34 years 15 3.5%35 to 39 years 14 3.3%40 to 44 years 13 3.0%45 to 49 years 11 2.6%50 to 54 years 11 2.6%55 to 59 years 14 3.3%60 to 64 years 17 4.0%65 to 69 years 8 1.9%70 to 74 years 5 1.2%75 to 79 years 7 1.6%80 to 84 years 4 0.9%85 years and over 4 0.9%


16 years and over 163 38.2%18 years and over 157 36.8%21 years and over 147 34.4%62 years and over 38 8.9%65 years and over 28 6.6%

RACE Number PercentTotal population 427 100.0%

One Race 419 98.1%White 406 95.1%Black or African American 10 2.3%American Indian and Alaska Native 0 0.0%Asian 1 0.2%

Asian Indian 0 0.0%Chinese 0 0.0%Filipino 1 0.2%Japanese 0 0.0%Korean 0 0.0%Vietnamese 0 0.0%Other Asian 0 0.0%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian 0 0.0%Guamanian or Chamorro 0 0.0%Samoan 0 0.0%Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%

Some Other Race 2 0.5%Two or More Races 8 1.9%

White; American Indian and Alaska Native 5 1.2%White; Asian 0 0.0%White; Black or African American 0 0.0%White; Some Other Race 3 0.7%


8


RACE (Continued) Number PercentRace alone or in combination with one or more other races:White 414 97.0%Black or African American 10 2.3%American Indian and Alaska Native 5 1.2%Asian 1 0.2%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 0.0%Some Other Race 5 1.2%

HISPANIC OR LATINO Number PercentTotal population 427 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 8 1.9%Mexican 8 1.9%Puerto Rican 0 0.0%Cuban 0 0.0%Other Hispanic or Latino 0 0.0%

Not Hispanic or Latino 419 98.1%

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Number PercentTotal population 427 100.0%

Hispanic or Latino 8 1.9%White alone 3 0.7%Black or African American alone 0 0.0%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 0 0.0%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 2 0.5%Two or More Races 3 0.7%

Not Hispanic or Latino 419 98.1%White alone 403 94.4%Black or African American alone 10 2.3%American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 0.0%Asian alone 1 0.2%Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 0.0%Some Other Race alone 0 0.0%Two or More Races 5 1.2%

RELATIONSHIP Number PercentTotal population 427 100.0%

In households 427 100.0%Householder 167 39.1%Spouse 89 20.8%Child 118 27.6%

Own child under 18 years 91 21.3%Other relatives 29 6.8%

Under 18 years 17 4.0%65 years and over 0 0.0%

Nonrelatives 24 5.6%Under 18 years 6 1.4%65 years and over 0 0.0%

Unmarried partner 17 4.0%

In group quarters 0 0.0%Institutionalized population 0 0.0%

Male 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

Noninstitutionalized population 0 0.0%Continued on next page...

9


RELATIONSHIP (Continued) Number PercentMale 0 0.0%Female 0 0.0%

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Number PercentTotal households 167 100.0%

Family households (families) 117 70.1%With own children under 18 years 44 26.3%

Husband-wife family 89 53.3%With own children under 18 years 25 15.0%

Male householder, no wife present 12 7.2%With own children under 18 years 9 5.4%

Female householder, no husband present 16 9.6%With own children under 18 years 10 6.0%

Nonfamily households 50 29.9%Householder living alone 41 24.6%

Male 23 13.8%65 years and over 5 3.0%

Female 18 10.8%65 years and over 13 7.8%

Households with individuals under 18 years 56 33.5%Households with individuals 65 years and over 43 25.7%

Average household size 2.56 (X)Average family size 3.02 (X)

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Number PercentTotal housing units 199 100.0%

Occupied housing units 167 83.9%Vacant housing units 32 16.1%

For rent 4 2.0%Rented, not occupied 1 0.5%For sale only 3 1.5%Sold, not occupied 4 2.0%For seasonal, recreational, or occasional use 3 1.5%All other vacants 17 8.5%

Homeowner vacancy rate (percent) 2.4 (X)Rental vacancy rate (percent) 7.7 (X)

HOUSING TENURE Number PercentOccupied housing units 167 100.0%

Owner-occupied housing units 120 71.9%Population in owner-occupied housing units 305 (X)Average household size of owner-occupied units 2.54 (X)

Renter-occupied housing units 47 28.1%Population in renter-occupied housing units 122 (X)Average household size of renter-occupied units 2.60 (X)

Notes:∞ Data could not be computed (see Technical Notes).

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

10

Technical Notes, Decennial Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2010 Census of Populationand Housing. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the DP-1 profiles availablevia the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

Why is there so much less data in this report than in the 2000 De mographic Profiles?

The short answer is that the 2010 Census form asked only 10 questions, and that many items of interest(e.g. income, educational attainment, employment status, rents paid) no longer appear on the question-naire.

A longer answer involves a bit of history to understand recent changes in how the Census Bureaucollects data. First, it is worth noting that the decennial census is a constitutional requirement– Article I,Section 2 requires an enumeration of inhabitants once every 10 years to determine apportionment of theHouse of Representatives. But the only constitutional requirement is the count itself; the government haslong seen fit to gather other data about the nation as an add-on to this process. Indeed, from 1940 until2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire population) simultaneouslywith a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a ”shortform” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the ”shortform” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered to asample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households).

Because the decennial census takes place only once every ten years, it provides a single ”snapshot”of the country. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to anew ”continuous measurement” model followed by the American Community Survey (ACS), which had itsnationwide launch in 2005. The ACS is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

So will the most recent ACS fill in for the missing 2010 data?

Though the ACS is intended to replace the decennial long form, it is not a direct substitute. The twodiffer in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.”

When faced with a period of rapid change such as the onset of the ”Great Recession,” having a pooledestimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having a firm snapshot at a single point in time. Sowhile the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interested in the effects of the Great Recession on

large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areas for which 1-year or 3-year estimatesare available), it has created new challenges for people interested in small cities and neighborhoods withinlarger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

How do you estimate medians, and why cannot they be estimated all of the time?

The median is that value that marks the 50% line in a population: 50% of the population is above themedian and 50% is below. With individual level data, one can simply sort the data and find the middlevalue (if the number of items is odd) or take the average of the two middlemost values (if the number ofitems is even). However, the Census Bureau reports grouped data, e.g. how many households fall into aparticular income range. Estimating medians from grouped data involves finding the range that contains themiddlemost value, then estimating the point within that range that the middlemost value would occupy. Themedian cannot be estimated if it falls within a range lacking a minimum or maximum value.

Why do you note that some figures are based on tract-level data ?

The Census Bureau reports most of the data used in this report at the census block level, a very granularlevel of geography. However, some data are reported only for census tracts, which are generally muchlarger. Because the geographic areas in this report are built from blocks, data reported only for tracts mustbe re-estimated to the block level. We do this by assigning tract-level data to blocks based on the proportionof the tract population residing within each block comprising that tract.

Why do you note that certain fields in this report may differ sl ightly from DP-1 totals?

A very small number of data fields were reported differently in the SF1 release (where block-level dataare made available) and in the DP-1 release (data released no lower than the tract. For example, thequestion of whether Chinese and Taiwanese are the same nationality was handled differently in the tworeleases. Though minor, these differences are flagged in our reports.

EPHESUS ACS 2014-18 Profile

Percent without a High School Diploma or GED

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt

Ephesus Heard County Three Rivers Georgia

Percent with a Bachelor’s Degree or Higher

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Note: Bars represent the margin of error around each estimated value.

2

ACS 2014-18 Profile EPHESUS

Percent Foreign-Born

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Percent Speaking a Language other than English at Home

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



3


Percent Owner-Occupied

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Median Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

Dol

lars



4


Homeowner Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e


Rental Vacancy Rate

0

20

40

60

80

100

Rat

e



5


Percent of Homeowners for whom Selected Monthly Owner Costs Exceed 30% of Income

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent of Housing Units Built Since 2000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



6


Percent of Persons Living outside Home County 1 Year Earlier

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent


Median Household Income

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

Dol

lars



7


Percent Civilian Unemployed

0

20

40

60

80

100P

erce

nt


Percent in Poverty

0

20

40

60

80

100

Per

cent



8


Selected Social Characteristics

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal households 146 ±32 146 (X)

Family households (families) 85 ±25 58.2% ±11.4With own children of the householder under 18 years 23 ±14 15.8% ±9.0

Married-couple family 77 ±23 52.7% ±10.7With own children of the householder under 18 years 16 ±13 11.0% ±8.6

Male householder, no wife present, family 1 ±2 0.7% ±1.4With own children of the householder under 18 years 1 ±2 0.7% ±1.4

Female householder, no husband present, family 7 ±5 4.8% ±3.3With own children of the householder under 18 years 6 ±5 4.1% ±3.3

Nonfamily households 61 ±25 41.8% ±14.5Householder living alone 49 ±23 33.6% ±13.965 years and over 20 ±13 13.7% ±8.4

Households with one or more people under 18 years 25 ±15 17.1% ±9.6Households with one or more people 65 years and over 69 ±25 47.3% ±13.6

Average household size 2.16 ±0.11 (X) (X)Average family size 2.75 ±1.01 (X) (X)

RELATIONSHIP Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation in households 316 ±71 316 (X)

Householder 146 ±35 46.2% ±4.2Spouse 83 ±25 26.3% ±5.3Child 47 ±31 14.9% ±9.2Other relatives 19 ±22 6.0% ±6.7Nonrelatives 21 ±13 6.6% ±3.7

Unmarried partner 9 ±8 2.8% ±2.5

MARITAL STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorMales 15 years and over 136 ±34 136 (X)

Never married 30 ±18 22.1% ±12.0Now married, except separated 81 ±24 59.6% ±9.6Separated 1 ±3 0.7% ±2.2Widowed 4 ±6 2.9% ±4.4Divorced 20 ±12 14.7% ±8.0

Females 15 years and over 151 ±37 151 (X)Never married 32 ±20 21.2% ±12.2Now married, except separated 88 ±26 58.3% ±9.3Separated 7 ±6 4.6% ±3.8Widowed 15 ±11 9.9% ±6.9Divorced 9 ±8 6.0% ±5.1

FERTILITY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of women 15 to 50 years old who had a birthin the past 12 months

0 ±13 0 (X)

Unmarried women (widowed, divorced, and never married) 0 ±13 .% ±.Per 1,000 unmarried women 0 ±361 (X) (X)

Per 1,000 women 15 to 50 years old 0 ±183 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 15 to 19 years old 0 ±3064 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 20 to 34 years old 0 ±707 (X) (X)Per 1,000 women 35 to 50 years old 0 ±471 (X) (X)

9


GRANDPARENTS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorNumber of grandparents living with own grandchil-dren under 18 years

3 ±6 3 (X)

Grandparents responsible for grandchildren 0 ±13 0.0% ±433.3Years responsible for grandchildren

Less than 1 year 0 ±18 0.0% ±612.81 or 2 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±433.33 or 4 years 0 ±13 0.0% ±433.35 or more years 0 ±13 0.0% ±433.3

Number of grandparents responsible for own grand-children under 18 years

0 ±13 0 (X)

Who are female 0 ±13 .% ±.Who are married 0 ±13 .% ±.

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 3 years and over enrolled in school 49 ±23 49 (X)

Nursery school, preschool 9 ±10 18.4% ±18.5Kindergarten 2 ±3 4.1% ±5.8Elementary school (grades 1-8) 5 ±6 10.2% ±12.2High school (grades 9-12) 20 ±15 40.8% ±23.9College or graduate school 13 ±10 26.5% ±16.2

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 25 years and over 253 ±54 253 (X)

Less than 9th grade 7 ±27 2.8% ±10.69th to 12th grade, no diploma 28 ±21 11.1% ±7.8High school graduate (includes equivalency) 87 ±25 34.4% ±6.5Some college, no degree 61 ±23 24.1% ±7.7Associate’s degree 15 ±8 5.9% ±3.1Bachelor’s degree 30 ±16 11.9% ±6.0Graduate or professional degree 25 ±28 9.9% ±10.9

Percent high school graduate or higher 86.2% ±4.5 (X) (X)Percent bachelor’s degree or higher 21.7% ±12.0 (X) (X)

VETERAN STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian population 18 years and over 270 ±56 270 (X)

Civilian veterans 36 ±17 13.3% ±5.7

DISABILITY STATUS OF THE CIVILIAN NON-INSTITUTIONALIZED POPULATION

Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of Error

Total Civilian Noninstitutionalized Population 316 ±71 316 (X)With a disability 82 ±36 25.9% ±9.9

Under 18 years 46 ±24 46 (X)With a disability 3 ±23 6.5% ±50.0

18 to 64 years 170 ±39 170 (X)With a disability 38 ±20 22.4% ±10.9

65 years and over 100 ±29 100 (X)With a disability 41 ±19 41.0% ±14.7

10


RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 1 year and over 316 ±71 316 (X)

Same house 281 ±62 88.9% ±28.0Different house in the U.S. 35 ±35 11.1% ±10.9

Same county 32 ±35 10.1% ±10.8Different county 3 ±5 0.9% ±1.6Same state 2 ±4 0.6% ±1.3Different state 1 ±3 0.3% ±0.9

Abroad 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1

PLACE OF BIRTH Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 316 ±71 316 (X)

Native 306 ±68 96.8% ±30.6Born in United States 302 ±59 95.6% ±28.4State of residence 225 ±51 71.2% ±2.1Different state 77 ±29 24.4% ±7.4

Born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad toAmerican parent(s)

4 ±7 1.3% ±2.2

Foreign born 10 ±17 3.2% ±5.3

U.S. CITIZENSHIP STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population 10 ±17 10 (X)

Naturalized U.S. citizen 4 ±7 40.0% ±16.6Not a U.S. citizen 6 ±10 60.0% ±142.8

YEAR OF ENTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation born outside the United States 14 ±19 14 (X)

Native 4 ±24 4 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±325.0Entered before 2010 4 ±20 100.0% ±767.7

Foreign born 10 ±17 10 (X)Entered 2010 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±130.0Entered before 2010 10 ±25 100.0% ±183.8

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorForeign-born population, excluding population bornat sea

10 ±17 10 (X)

Europe 0 ±13 0.0% ±130.0Asia 10 ±17 100.0% ±0.0Africa 0 ±13 0.0% ±130.0Oceania 0 ±13 0.0% ±130.0Latin America 0 ±13 0.0% ±130.0Northern America 0 ±13 0.0% ±130.0

LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 5 years and over 302 ±65 302 (X)

English only 302 ±61 100.0% ±29.6Language other than English 0 ±45 0.0% ±14.9

Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±78 0.0% ±25.8Spanish 0 ±23 0.0% ±7.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±12.9

Other Indo-European languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±7.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±12.9

Asian and Pacific Islander languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±7.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±12.9

Other languages 0 ±23 0.0% ±7.5Speak English less than ’very well’ 0 ±39 0.0% ±12.9

11


ANCESTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 316 ±71 316 (X)

American 100 ±35 31.6% ±8.5Arab 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Czech 1 ±4 0.3% ±1.3Danish 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Dutch 2 ±3 0.6% ±0.9English 36 ±19 11.4% ±5.4French (except Basque) 7 ±9 2.2% ±2.8French Canadian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1German 12 ±9 3.8% ±2.7Greek 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Hungarian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Irish 27 ±32 8.5% ±9.9Italian 4 ±5 1.3% ±1.6Lithuanian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Norwegian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Polish 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Portuguese 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Russian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Scotch-Irish 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Scottish 5 ±5 1.6% ±1.5Slovak 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Subsaharan African 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Swedish 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Swiss 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Ukranian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Welsh 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1West Indian (excluding Hispanic origin groups) 1 ±2 0.3% ±0.6

COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Households 146 ±32 146 (X)

With a computer 115 ±27 78.8% ±6.6With a broadband Internet subscription 111 ±26 76.0% ±6.3

12


Selected Economic Characteristics

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorPopulation 16 years and over 283 ±61 283 (X)

In labor force 135 ±44 47.7% ±11.6Civilian labor force 135 ±44 47.7% ±11.6Employed 125 ±45 44.2% ±12.7Unemployed 10 ±61 3.5% ±21.7

Armed Forces 0 ±58 0.0% ±20.5Not in labor force 148 ±53 52.3% ±15.0

Civilian labor force 135 ±44 135 (X)Unemployment Rate 7.4% ±45.5 (X) (X)

Females 16 years and over 149 ±37 149 (X)In labor force 65 ±30 43.6% ±17.1

Civilian labor force 65 ±30 43.6% ±17.1Employed 57 ±31 38.3% ±18.7

own children of the householder under 6 years 20 ±23 20 (X)All parents in family in labor force 6 ±15 30.0% ±65.8

own children of the householder 6 to 17 years 24 ±15 24 (X)All parents in family in labor force 14 ±10 58.3% ±17.4

13


COMMUTING TO WORK Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorWorkers 16 years and over 117 ±37 117 (X)

Car, truck, or van – drove alone 91 ±31 77.8% ±9.9Car, truck, or van – carpooled 11 ±13 9.4% ±10.7Public transportation (excluding taxicab) 0 ±13 0.0% ±11.1Walked 0 ±13 0.0% ±11.1Other means 2 ±3 1.7% ±2.5Worked at home 13 ±10 11.1% ±7.8

Mean travel time to work (minutes) 36.7 ±22.5 (X) (X)

OCCUPATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 125 ±45 125 (X)

Management, business, science, and arts occupations 43 ±21 34.4% ±11.7Service occupations 14 ±8 11.2% ±4.8Sales and office occupations 19 ±15 15.2% ±10.5Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupa-tions

19 ±18 15.2% ±13.7

Production, transportation, and material moving occupations 30 ±17 24.0% ±10.5

INDUSTRY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 125 ±45 125 (X)

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 3 ±14 2.4% ±11.1Construction 12 ±18 9.6% ±13.7Manufacturing 26 ±16 20.8% ±10.2Wholesale trade 3 ±14 2.4% ±10.8Retail trade 9 ±9 7.2% ±6.7Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 6 ±8 4.8% ±6.0Information 4 ±15 3.2% ±11.8Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 2 ±14 1.6% ±11.1Professional, scientific, and management, and administrativeand waste management services

9 ±7 7.2% ±11.1

Educational services, and health care and social assistance 33 ±18 26.4% ±11.1Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation andfood services

0 ±18 0.0% ±14.7

Other services, except public administration 7 ±7 5.6% ±5.0Public administration 11 ±9 8.8% ±6.9

CLASS OF WORKER Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian employed population 16 years and over 125 ±45 125 (X)

Private wage and salary workers 72 ±25 57.6% ±28.8Government workers 38 ±26 30.4% ±17.9Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 15 ±11 12.0% ±8.0Unpaid family workers 0 ±18 0.0% ±14.7

14


INCOME AND BENEFITS (IN 2018 INFLATION-ADJUSTEDDOLLARS)


Total households 146 ±32 146 (X)Less than $10,000 13 ±11 8.9% ±7.3$10,000 to $14,999 10 ±8 6.8% ±5.3$15,000 to $24,999 15 ±12 10.3% ±7.9$25,000 to $34,999 24 ±15 16.4% ±9.6$35,000 to $49,999 21 ±15 14.4% ±9.6$50,000 to $74,999 11 ±9 7.5% ±9.6$75,000 to $99,999 18 ±13 12.3% ±8.5$100,000 to $149,999 29 ±17 19.9% ±10.8$150,000 to $199,999 4 ±6 2.7% ±4.1$200,000 or more 1 ±4 0.7% ±2.7Median household income (dollars) 47,500 ±12,247 (X) (X)Mean household income (dollars) 60,297 ±11,571 (X) (X)

With earnings 102 ±25 69.9% ±7.7Mean earnings (dollars) 59,523 ±17,671 (X) (X)

With Social Security 79 ±25 54.1% ±12.4Mean Social Security income (dollars) 17,577 ±3,807 (X) (X)

With retirement income 43 ±18 29.5% ±10.5Mean retirement income (dollars) 19,751 ±7,646 (X) (X)

With Supplemental Security Income 4 ±5 2.7% ±3.4Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)

With cash public assistance income 3 ±4 2.1% ±2.7Mean cash public assistance income (dollars) . ±. (X) (X)

With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits in the past 12 months 12 ±8 8.2% ±5.2

Families 85 ±25 85 (X)Less than $10,000 4 ±4 4.7% ±4.5$10,000 to $14,999 3 ±4 3.5% ±4.6$15,000 to $24,999 10 ±9 11.8% ±9.5$25,000 to $34,999 18 ±14 21.2% ±14.7$35,000 to $49,999 5 ±15 5.9% ±17.1$50,000 to $74,999 7 ±9 8.2% ±9.8$75,000 to $99,999 14 ±10 16.5% ±10.7$100,000 to $149,999 19 ±14 22.4% ±14.6$150,000 to $199,999 4 ±6 4.7% ±6.9$200,000 or more 1 ±4 1.2% ±4.7Median family income (dollars) 56,250 ±30,981 (X) (X)Mean family income (dollars) 69,904 ±19,237 (X) (X)

Per capita income (dollars) 28,528 ±1,655 (X) (X)

Nonfamily households 61 ±25 61 (X)Median nonfamily income (dollars) 38,125 ±21,817 (X) (X)Mean nonfamily income (dollars) 46,605 ±16,606 (X) (X)

Median earnings for workers (dollars) 35,250 ±6,800 (X) (X)Median earnings for male full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

48,750 ±25,555 (X) (X)

Median earnings for female full-time, year-round workers (dol-lars)

41,250 ±18,620 (X) (X)

15


HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCivilian noninstitutionalized population 316 ±71 316 (X)With health insurance coverage 303 ±59 95.9% ±28.5With private health insurance 242 ±52 76.6% ±23.9With public coverage 130 ±39 41.1% ±8.1No health insurance coverage 13 ±27 4.1% ±8.7

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 1 years 49 ±29 49 (X)No health insurance coverage 0 ±18 0.0% ±37.5

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 19 to 64 years 167 ±44 167 (X)In labor force: 114 ±38 114 (X)Employed: 104 ±38 104 (X)With health insurance coverage 96 ±36 92.3% ±7.8With private health insurance 96 ±36 92.3% ±7.8With public coverage 1 ±2 1.0% ±1.9No health insurance coverage 8 ±6 7.7% ±5.0

Unemployed: 10 ±8 10 (X)With health insurance coverage 10 ±8 100.0% ±0.0With private health insurance 6 ±6 60.0% ±36.0With public coverage 4 ±5 40.0% ±38.4No health insurance coverage 0 ±13 0.0% ±130.0

Not in labor force: 53 ±22 53 (X)With health insurance coverage 48 ±20 90.6% ±3.3With private health insurance 33 ±17 62.3% ±19.0With public coverage 17 ±11 32.1% ±15.9No health insurance coverage 5 ±5 9.4% ±8.6

PERCENTAGE OF FAMILIES AND PEOPLE WHOSE IN-COME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS IS BELOW THEPOVERTY LEVEL


All families 11.8% ±7.5 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 20.0% ±72.9 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only100.0% ±1161.9 (X) (X)

Married couple families 6.5% ±6.2 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 0.0% ±76.5 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only.% ±. (X) (X)

Families with female householder, no husband present 71.4% ±81.2 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 18 years 71.4% ±81.2 (X) (X)With related children of the householder under 5 years

only100.0% ±472.6 (X) (X)

All people 17.4% ±6.9 (X) (X)Under 18 years 21.7% ±73.4 (X) (X)

related children of the householder under 18 years 18.2% ±10.9 (X) (X)related children of the householder under 5 years 35.7% ±114.8 (X) (X)related children of the householder 5 to 17 years 10.0% ±97.0 (X) (X)

18 years and over 16.7% ±11.3 (X) (X)18 to 64 years 20.0% ±14.9 (X) (X)65 years and over 11.0% ±16.7 (X) (X)

People in families 11.5% ±8.8 (X) (X)Unrelated individuals 15 years and over 34.1% ±16.2 (X) (X)

16


Selected Housing Characteristics

HOUSING OCCUPANCY Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 189 ±43 189 (X)

Occupied housing units 146 ±32 77.2% ±24.4Vacant housing units 43 ±27 22.8% ±13.3

Homeowner vacancy rate 3.8 ±6.8 (X) (X)Rental vacancy rate 9.1 ±11.6 (X) (X)

UNITS IN STRUCTURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 189 ±43 189 (X)

1-unit, detached 144 ±39 76.2% ±11.21-unit, attached 2 ±3 1.1% ±1.62 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.93 or 4 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.95 to 9 units 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.910 to 19 units 1 ±2 0.5% ±1.120 or more units 0 ±18 0.0% ±9.7Mobile home 42 ±18 22.2% ±8.1Boat, RV, van, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.9

YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 189 ±43 189 (X)

Built 2014 or later 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.9Built 2010 to 2013 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.9Built 2000 to 2009 19 ±11 10.1% ±5.4Built 1990 to 1999 26 ±15 13.8% ±5.4Built 1980 to 1989 32 ±18 16.9% ±8.7Built 1970 to 1979 42 ±22 22.2% ±10.5Built 1960 to 1969 12 ±10 6.3% ±5.1Built 1950 to 1959 15 ±12 7.9% ±6.1Built 1940 to 1949 25 ±16 13.2% ±7.9Built 1939 or earlier 18 ±13 9.5% ±6.5

ROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 189 ±43 189 (X)

1 room 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.92 rooms 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.93 rooms 4 ±9 2.1% ±4.74 rooms 25 ±13 13.2% ±6.25 rooms 68 ±32 36.0% ±14.86 rooms 48 ±20 25.4% ±8.97 rooms 16 ±12 8.5% ±6.18 rooms 6 ±8 3.2% ±4.29 rooms or more 22 ±15 11.6% ±7.5Median rooms 5.5 ±0.3 (X) (X)

BEDROOMS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal housing units 189 ±43 189 (X)

No bedroom 0 ±13 0.0% ±6.91 bedroom 5 ±5 2.6% ±2.62 bedrooms 55 ±26 29.1% ±12.13 bedrooms 107 ±31 56.6% ±10.24 bedrooms 16 ±13 8.5% ±6.65 or more bedrooms 6 ±7 3.2% ±3.6

17


HOUSING TENURE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 146 ±32 146 (X)

Owner-occupied 126 ±32 86.3% ±11.1Renter-occupied 20 ±11 13.7% ±6.9

Average household size of owner-occupied unit 2.21 ±0.79 (X) (X)Average household size of renter-occupied unit 1.90 ±1.38 (X) (X)

YEAR HOUSEHOLDER MOVED INTO UNIT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 146 ±32 146 (X)

Moved in 2017 or later 6 ±14 4.1% ±9.8Moved in 2015 to 2016 7 ±14 4.8% ±9.8Moved in 2010 to 2014 23 ±18 15.8% ±12.1Moved in 2000 to 2009 32 ±14 21.9% ±8.5Moved in 1990 to 1999 23 ±20 15.8% ±13.1Moved in 1989 or earlier 55 ±21 37.7% ±11.5

VEHICLES AVAILABLE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 146 ±32 146 (X)

No vehicles available 5 ±15 3.4% ±10.41 vehicle available 31 ±15 21.2% ±9.32 vehicles available 44 ±19 30.1% ±11.23 or more vehicles available 66 ±32 45.2% ±19.4

HOUSE HEATING FUEL Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 146 ±32 146 (X)

Utility gas 8 ±9 5.5% ±6.0Bottled, tank, or LP gas 66 ±27 45.2% ±15.6Electricity 64 ±22 43.8% ±11.6Fuel oil, kerosene, etc. 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.9Coal or coke 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.9Wood 7 ±7 4.8% ±4.7Solar energy 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.9Other fuel 0 ±13 0.0% ±8.9No fuel used 1 ±2 0.7% ±1.4

SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 146 ±32 146 (X)

Lacking complete plumbing facilities 2 ±3 1.4% ±2.0Lacking complete kitchen facilities 2 ±3 1.4% ±2.0No telephone service available 4 ±4 2.7% ±2.8

OCCUPANTS PER ROOM Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied housing units 146 ±32 146 (X)

1.00 or less 145 ±33 99.3% ±5.31.01 to 1.50 1 ±14 0.7% ±9.31.51 or more 0 ±26 0.0% ±17.8

VALUE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 126 ±32 126 (X)

Less than $50,000 29 ±24 23.0% ±18.3$50,000 to $99,999 22 ±13 17.5% ±9.1$100,000 to $149,999 23 ±13 18.3% ±9.6$150,000 to $199,999 21 ±14 16.7% ±10.2$200,000 to $299,999 18 ±15 14.3% ±11.1$300,000 to $499,999 11 ±12 8.7% ±9.0$500,000 to $999,999 2 ±13 1.6% ±10.6$1,000,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±17.9Median (dollars) 121,400 ±39,617 (X) (X)

18


MORTGAGE STATUS Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOwner-occupied units 126 ±32 126 (X)

Housing units with a mortgage 47 ±20 37.3% ±12.7Housing units without a mortgage 79 ±25 62.7% ±11.8

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS (SMOC) Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorHousing units with a mortgage 47 ±20 47 (X)

Less than $500 0 ±26 0.0% ±55.3$500 to $999 26 ±20 55.3% ±35.7$1,000 to $1,499 8 ±7 17.0% ±13.2$1,500 to $1,999 4 ±5 8.5% ±10.0$2,000 to $2,499 1 ±4 2.1% ±8.5$2,500 to $2,999 8 ±9 17.0% ±17.7$3,000 or more 0 ±23 0.0% ±47.9Median (dollars) 938 ±441 (X) (X)

Housing units without a mortgage 79 ±25 79 (X)Less than $250 22 ±13 27.8% ±14.2$250 to $399 20 ±13 25.3% ±14.1$400 to $599 25 ±17 31.6% ±19.2$600 to $799 10 ±8 12.7% ±9.4$800 to $999 2 ±13 2.5% ±16.9$1,000 or more 0 ±32 0.0% ±40.3Median (dollars) 375 ±123 (X) (X)

SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A PERCENT-AGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME (SMOCAPI)


Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units whereSMOCAPI cannot be computed)

47 ±24 47 (X)

Less than 20.0 percent 25 ±15 53.2% ±16.520.0 to 24.9 percent 1 ±3 2.1% ±6.325.0 to 29.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±27.730.0 to 34.9 percent 6 ±8 12.8% ±15.735.0 percent or more 15 ±11 31.9% ±17.1

Not computed 0 ±13 (X) (X)

Housing unit without a mortgage (excluding unitswhere SMOCAPI cannot be computed)

79 ±35 79 (X)

Less than 10.0 percent 38 ±18 48.1% ±8.710.0 to 14.9 percent 14 ±11 17.7% ±11.615.0 to 19.9 percent 5 ±5 6.3% ±5.720.0 to 24.9 percent 16 ±14 20.3% ±15.325.0 to 29.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±16.530.0 to 34.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±16.535.0 percent or more 6 ±14 7.6% ±17.3


GROSS RENT Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorOccupied units paying rent 15 ±8 15 (X)

Less than $500 3 ±35 20.0% ±231.0$500 to $999 12 ±27 80.0% ±176.5$1,000 to $1,499 0 ±18 0.0% ±122.6$1,500 to $1,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±86.7$2,000 to $2,499 0 ±13 0.0% ±86.7$2,500 to $2,999 0 ±13 0.0% ±86.7$3,000 or more 0 ±18 0.0% ±122.6Median (dollars) 669 ±89 (X) (X)

No rent paid 5 ±8 (X) (X)

19


GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD IN-COME (GRAPI)


Occupied units paying rent (excluding units whereGRAPI cannot be computed)

15 ±28 15 (X)

Less than 15.0 percent 2 ±14 13.3% ±87.315.0 to 19.9 percent 1 ±2 6.7% ±5.220.0 to 24.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±86.725.0 to 29.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±86.730.0 to 34.9 percent 0 ±13 0.0% ±86.735.0 percent or more 12 ±8 80.0% ±156.6


20


Selected Demographic Characteristics

SEX AND AGE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal Population 316 ±71 316 (X)

Male 156 ±40 49.4% ±6.1Female 160 ±40 50.6% ±5.6Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 97.5 ±5.6 (X) (X)

Under 5 years 14 ±15 4.4% ±4.75 to 9 years 10 ±10 3.2% ±3.110 to 14 years 5 ±14 1.6% ±4.515 to 19 years 20 ±15 6.3% ±4.520 to 24 years 14 ±25 4.4% ±7.725 to 34 years 30 ±17 9.5% ±4.935 to 44 years 34 ±17 10.8% ±4.845 to 54 years 42 ±19 13.3% ±5.155 to 59 years 26 ±17 8.2% ±5.160 to 64 years 21 ±17 6.6% ±5.065 to 74 years 78 ±25 24.7% ±5.675 to 84 years 11 ±15 3.5% ±4.785 years and over 11 ±12 3.5% ±3.7

Median age (years) 53.7 ±8.7 (X) (X)

Under 18 years 46 ±27 14.6% ±8.016 years and over 283 ±61 89.6% ±27.918 years and over 270 ±56 85.4% ±26.121 years and over 261 ±54 82.6% ±25.162 years and over 119 ±33 37.7% ±6.165 years and over 100 ±31 31.6% ±7.0

18 years and over 270 ±56 270 (X)Male 124 ±37 45.9% ±9.7Female 146 ±42 54.1% ±10.8Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 84.9 ±6.0 (X) (X)

65 years and over 100 ±31 100 (X)Male 52 ±22 52.0% ±14.0Female 48 ±23 48.0% ±17.3Sex ratio (males per 100 females) 108.3 ±68.6 (X) (X)

21


RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 316 ±71 316 (X)

One race 312 ±71 98.7% ±3.6Two or more races 4 ±7 1.3% ±2.2One race 312 ±71 98.7% ±3.6

White 310 ±70 98.1% ±2.2Black or African American 2 ±5 0.6% ±1.6American Indian and Alaska Native 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Cherokee tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Chippewa tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Navajo tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Sioux tribal grouping 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1

Asian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Asian Indian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Chinese 0 ±18 0.0% ±5.8Filipino 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Japanese 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Korean 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Vietnamese 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Other Asian 0 ±54 0.0% ±17.0

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Native Hawaiian 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Guamanian or Chamorro 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Samoan 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Other Pacific Islander 0 ±37 0.0% ±11.6

Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Two or more races 4 ±7 1.3% ±2.2

White and Black or African American 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1White and American Indian and Alaska Native 2 ±4 0.6% ±1.3White and Asian 2 ±6 0.6% ±1.9Black or African American and American Indian andAlaska Native

0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1

Race alone or in combination with one or more other racesTotal population 316 ±71 316 (X)

White 314 ±70 99.4% ±31.5Black or African American 2 ±5 0.6% ±1.6American Indian and Alaska Native 2 ±4 0.6% ±1.3Asian 2 ±6 0.6% ±1.9Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1

HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorTotal population 316 ±71 316 (X)

Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Mexican 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Puerto Rican 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Cuban 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Other Hispanic or Latino 0 ±26 0.0% ±8.2

Not Hispanic or Latino 316 ±71 100.0% ±0.0White alone 310 ±70 98.1% ±2.2Black or African American alone 2 ±5 0.6% ±1.6American Indian and Alaska Native alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Asian alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Some other race alone 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Two or more races 4 ±7 1.3% ±2.2Two races including Some other race 0 ±13 0.0% ±4.1Two races excluding Some other race, and 4 ±7 1.3% ±2.2Three or more races

22


CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Estimate Margin of Error Percent Margin of ErrorCitizen, 18 and over population 270 ±48 270 (X)

Male 124 ±33 45.9% ±9.0Female 146 ±35 54.1% ±8.6

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2014-18 American Community SurveyValues marked with a period denote estimates that could not be computed.Values marked ***** denote ’controlled’ estimates for which statistical tests for sampling variability are not appropriate.

Report prepared by Emory University’s Policy Analysis Laboratory andTerra Cognita Consulting, LLC in cooperation with Neighborhood Nexus.

23

Technical Notes, ACS Profile

This report features demographic profiles based on the Census Bureaus 2014-2018 American Commu-nity Survey 5-year estimates. These profiles follow precisely the order, format, and content of the ACS-based ”fact sheets” available via the Census Bureaus American Fact Finder online system.

What is the American Community Survey, and What is a 5-Year Es timate?

The American Community Survey is a nationwide survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau ona continuous, rolling basis. It is intended to replace the ”long form” that has been a component of thedecennial census for the last several decades.

From 1940 until 2000, the Census Bureau actually conducted a census (counting of the entire popu-lation) and a survey (measuring a sample of the population) simultaneously: most households received a”short form” with basic questions (e.g. age, sex, race), while a ”long form” with everything contained on the”short form” plus many other topics (e.g. educational attainment, occupation, income) was administered toa sample of households (varied by year and other factors, but roughly 1 in 7 households). As the nameimplies, the decennial census took place only once every ten years, providing a single ”snapshot” of thecountry. But policymakers wanted to have more timely data, so the Census Bureau moved to the new”continuous measurement” model of the ACS, which had its nationwide launch in 2005.

Though the ACS is a replacement for the long form component of the census, it is not a direct substitute.The two differ in many important ways, but we will focus on a few key points.

First, as mentioned above, the ”continuous measurement” model means that the ACS is not a snapshotfor any particular point in time. So while the decennial census measured where people lived on Census Day(historically April 1st of years ending in 0), the ACS looks at where people live on the day they are surveyed.For example, ACS income measures look at the 12-month period preceding the survey date, while thedecennial looked at the previous calendar year. Second, the ACS sample is much smaller than that of thedecennial census: roughly 2.5% each year. Even pooling the data over a 5-year period yields a combinedsample of only about 12.5%, considerably smaller than the roughly 16.7% sampled in the decennial census;the implications of this smaller sample on the margin of error for estimates is discussed below. Third, thepooling across years required to yield a decent-sized sample for smaller areas creates complications forinterpretation. Whereas the decennial census allowed one to say, ”on April 1, 2000, X% of the populationin region Y was unemployed,” we must now say ”over the course of the period 2005-2009, on average X%of the population in region Y was unemployed.” When faced with a period of rapid change such the onsetof the ”Great Recession,” having a pooled estimate over a 5-year period is much less helpful than having afirm snapshot at a single point in time. So while the ACS has been of great help to policymakers interestedin the effects of the Great Recession on large geographies such as states, counties, and major cities (areasfor which 1-year or 3-year estimates are available), it has created new challenges for people interested insmall cities and neighborhoods within larger cities.

To learn more about the ACS, how to use it, and how it differs from the decennial census, please referto the Census Bureau’s publication A Compass for Understanding and Using American Community SurveyData: What General Data Users Need to Know.

What is a Margin of Error, and Why is its Calculation so Import ant?

It is not feasible to administer the long form or the ACS to the entire population. Fortunately, this is notnecessary: just like a single spoonful can tell you if a pot of soup has enough salt, a reasonable estimateof a population may be derived from a quality sample. The quality of a sample depends on two factors: itsrepresentativeness and its size. In some sense, the representativeness is the more important of the two: abiased sample, however large, can never yield a good estimate. After adding salt to your soup but beforetasting, you stir the soup. Otherwise you’ll get a spoonful of extra-salty soup not representative of the potas a whole. Randomly sampling the population has the same effect as stirring the soup: you get a samplethat is representative of the population from which it was drawn. But the spoonful of soup doesn’t haveexactly the same proportion of salt as the rest of the pot: it contains the ”true” amount, plus or minus someamount due to chance. We call that chance variation from the true amount ”sampling error.” The larger thesample, the smaller that error is likely to be, though the marginal reduction in sampling error of increasingthe sample size by a unit declines as the number of units goes up.

Proper reporting of a sample-based estimate, therefore, requires three pieces of information: a ”pointestimate” (our best estimate of the actual value), plus a margin of error, given a particular confidence level(which allow assessment of the quality of the estimate): we are 90% confident that the pot of soup has 8,500milligrams of salt, plus or minus 500 milligrams. Holding a sample size constant, increasing the confidencelevel forces us to increase the margin of error (we would have to increase the size of the range to be 99%confident that our range contains the true value).

When applying this concept to the ACS, we should first note that the Census Bureau typically reportsa 90% confidence interval: we are 90% certain that the true number lies within the reported range. Whenlooking at counties or large cities, the samples are large and the confidence intervals small. But for smallercities and geographies such as census tracts, even the five-year pooled sample is quite small– yieldinga rather large confidence interval. When the confidence intervals for two areas overlap, we cannot tellwhether the difference we observed is real or an artifact caused by sampling error (or, to use the technicalterm, the differences are not ”statistically significant”).

Although you can simply add the raw population of two census tracts together, estimating the marginof error for the resultant area is somewhat more complicated. To estimate the margin of error for numbersand proportions, we follow the method recommended in Appendix 3 of the Census Bureau’s publicationA Compass for Understanding and Using American Community Survey Data: What General Data UsersNeed to Know. To estimate the margin of error for medians, we follow the method recommended on pages16-17 of 2005-2009 ACS 5-year PUMS Accuracy of the Data.

What tables from the ACS were used to compile these Demograph ic Profiles?

SOCIALIndicators Table(s)Households by Type B11001Average Household Size B09019, B11001Relationship B09019Marital Status B12001Fertility B13002Grandparents B10050School Enrollment B14001Educational Attainment B15002Veteran Status B21001Disability Status B18101Residence 1 Year Ago B07003Place of Birth B05002Year of Entry, Native B05005World Region of Birth of Foreign Born B05006Language Spoken at Home B16004Ancestry B04006Computers and Interned Use B28002, B28003

ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Employment Status B23001Employment for parents of Own Children B23008Commuting to Work B08101Mean Travel Time to Work B08013, B08101Occupation C24010Industry C24030Class of Worker B24080Household Income B19001Median Household Income B19013Mean Household Income B19025, B19001Households with Earnings B19051Mean Earnings B19061, B19051Households with Social Security B19055Mean Social Security B19065, B19055Households with Retirement Income B19059Mean Retirement Income B19069, B19059Households with SSI Income B19056Mean SSI Income B19066, B19056


ECONOMICIndicators Table(s)Households with Public Assistance Income B19057Mean Public Assistance Income B19067, B19057Households with Food Stamp/SNAP Income B22001Family Income B19101Median Family Income B19113Mean Family Income B19127, B19101Per Capita Income B19313, B01001Median Non-Family Income B19202Mean Non-Family Income B19214, B19201Median Earnings for Workers B20017Health Insurance Coverage B18135, B27011Poverty: Families B17010Poverty: People B17001Poverty: Related Children B17006Poverty: Related People in Families B17021Poverty: Unrelated individuals 15 years and over B17007

HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Housing Occupancy B25002Homeowner vacancy rate B25003, B25004Rental vacancy rate B25003, B25004Units in Structure B25024Year Structure Built B25034Rooms B25017Median Number of rooms B25018Bedrooms B25041Housing Tenure B25009Average Household size of occupied units B25008, B25003Year Householder Moved into Unit B25038Vehicles Available B25044House Heating Fuel B25040Selected Characteristics: Lacking Plumbing B25048Selected Characteristics: Lacking CompleteKitchen

B25052

Selected Characteristics: Lacking Telephone B25043Occupants per Room B25014Value of Housing Unit B25075Median housing unit value B25077Mortgage Status B25081


HOUSINGIndicators Table(s)Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25087Median Selected Monthly Owner Costs B25088Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentageof Household Income

B25091

Gross Rent B25063Median Gross Rent B25064Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household In-come

B25070

DEMOGRAPHICIndicators Table(s)Sex and Age B01001Median Age B01002Race C02003Tribal Groupings B02005Asian Groupings B02006Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Groupings B02007Race Alone or In Combination with One or MoreOther Races

B02008, B02009, B02010, B02011, B02012, B02013

Hispanic or Latino and Race B03001, B03002

demographic proﬁle: ephesus - atlanta regional commissiondocuments.atlantaregional.com ›...

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