demystification of european standards author: dr c young sapca technical and training manger venue:...
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Demystification of European Standards
Author: Dr C YoungSAPCA Technical and Training Manger
Venue: ASBA Technical MeetingAstor Crowne Plaza, New OrleansDate: Tuesday 9th December 2008
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Section: Background 9th December 2008
European Structure and Politics
The EU was established in 1993 after the Maastricht Treat (from the previous European Economic Committee)
Approximately 500 million people
27 member states (and growing)
Single market (standardised laws, common trade policy, etc…)
CEN was formed to harmonize standards
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Section: Background 9th December 2008
What is CEN?
The European Committee for Standardization or Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN)
CEN produces EN standards
Private non-profit organisation formed in 1961
Aim – “to foster the European economy in global trading, the welfare of European citizens and the environment by providing an efficient infrastructure to interested parties for the development, maintenance and distribution of coherent sets of standards and specifications”
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Section: Background 9th December 2008
What is CEN (cont.)?
The current members of CEN are:Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
There are also affiliate and partner members including:Albania, Croatia, the FYROM, Turkey, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Egypt, Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Tunisia and Ukraine.
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Section: Background 9th December 2008
Current Members of CEN
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Section: Background 9th December 2008
CEN Regulations
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN internal regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving each standard the status of a national standard without any alterations.
Deviations would be accepted only if national legislation requires them or the CEN TC gives special permission.
Conflicting national standards are required to be withdrawn (DIN, BS, etc…)
Standards are prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Frees Trade Association.
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Section: CEN/TC 217 9th December 2008
Technical Committee: CEN/TC 217
Surfaces For Sports Areas (CEN/TC 217)
Formed in 1988
Within the TC there have been many different working groups including:
surfaces of sports halls, turf areas, unbound mineral surfaces, synthetic surfaces & synthetic turf areas.
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Section: CEN/TC 217 9th December 2008
Technical Committee: CEN/TC 217
The committee aimed to produce performance-based standards from the perspective of the user, the surface and it’s construction.
Establish European standards for sports surfaces to allow the free movement of goods and services across the European Community and EFTA countries.
When possible CEN/TC 217 sought to refer to existing ISO and CEN standards.
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Section: CEN/TC 217 9th December 2008
Technical Committee: CEN/TC 217
The ‘harmonisation’ of existing/replaced national standards has taken 20 years to date.
There have been many political and geographical obstacles during the process.
As things currently stand most of the hard work has been done and the ‘new’ standards should have been published and endorsed by each national member.
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Section: New Standards 9th December 2008
New EN Standards
EN 14904:2006Surfaces for sports areas – Indoor surfaces for multi-sports use – Specification
EN 15330-1:2007Surfaces for sports areas – Synthetic turf and needle-punched surfaces primarily designed for outdoor use – Specification for Synthetic Turf
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Surface for sports areas - Indoor
“This European Standard specifies requirements for surfaces for indoor facilities for multi-sports use. It also covers surface systems which include both their supporting and upper layers whether prefabricated, produced in situ or a combination of the two.”
Split into 3 main parts:
•Requirements for safety in use
•Technical requirements
•Evaluation of conformity
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Terms and definitionsFacilities for multi-sports useSports halls where more than one sport is played on the surface, e.g. handball, basketball, volleyball, five-aside football, and which may also be used for physical education and other sporting activities
Area-elastic sports floorSports floor, to which the application of a point force causes deflection over a relatively large area around the point of application of the force
Point-elastic sports floorSports floor, to which the application of a point force causes deflection only at or close to the point of application of the force
Combined-elastic sports floorArea-elastic sports floor with a point-elastic top layer, to which the application of a point force causes both localized deflection and deflection over a wider area
Mixed-elastic sports floorPoint-elastic sports floor with a synthetic area-stiffening component
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Terms and definitions
Area-elastic sports floor
Point-elastic sports floor
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use“Sports surfaces undergo a complex reaction when subjected to dynamic loading. The desired components of the interaction are deformation under load, the ability to absorb impact, and the energy restitution of the impact, i.e. the amount of energy returned to a sports-person from the surface on which he/she is performing.”
“The ability of a surface to absorb an impact is an important safety feature of a sports surface. Values specified are, therefore, inevitably a compromise between these fundamental characteristics. Sports surfaces react differently under different temperatures and strain rates; they become harder at low temperatures and softer at high temperatures.”
“An important requirement for safety and sports performance is for there to be sufficient grip between the footwear of the athlete and the sports surface. Insufficient grip can result in the athlete slipping on the surface; too much grip can place unacceptable stress on joints and muscle ligaments.”
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use
Friction (EN 13036-4)
Between 80 and 110
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use
Shock Absorption(EN 14808)
Between 25 – 75 %
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use
Shock Absorption (EN 14808)
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use
Vertical Deformation(EN 14809)
Not more than 5 mm
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Requirements for safety in use
Vertical Deformation (EN 14809)
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Technical Requirements
Vertical Ball Rebound(EN 12235)
≥ 90 % of concrete
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Technical Requirements
Resistance to a rolling load(EN 1569)
Indent to a maximum of 0.5 mm with a 3 metre straight edge
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Technical Requirements
Other Tests Include:•Resistance to wear (EN ISO 5470-1)•Reaction to fire (EN 13238)•Formaldehyde emission (EN 717-1 & EN 717-2)•Content of pentachlorophenol (PCP) (EN 12637)•Specular reflectance (EN 13745) •Specular gloss (EN ISO 2813)•Resistance to indentation (EN 1516)•Resistance to impact (EN 1517)•Degree of evenness (EN 13036-7)
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Section: EN 14904 9th December 2008
EN 14904: Normative References1. EN 717-1, Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method2. EN 717-2, Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 2: Formaldehyde release by the gas analysis method3. EN 1516, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of resistance to indentation4. EN 1517, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of resistance to impact5. EN 1569, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of the behaviour under a rolling load6. EN 12235, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of vertical ball behaviour7. EN 12673, Water quality - Gas chromatographic determination of some selected chlorophenols in water8. EN 13036-4, Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance of a surface - The pendulum test9. EN 13036-7, Road and airfield surface characteristics - Test methods - Part 7: Irregularity measurement of pavement courses - the straightedge test10. EN 13238, Reaction to fire tests for building products - Conditioning procedures and general rules for selection of substrates11. EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building elements - Part 1: Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests12. EN 13745, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of specular reflectance13. EN 14808, Surfaces for sports areas — Determination of shock absorption14. EN 14809, Surfaces for sports areas — Determination of vertical deformation15. EN ISO 2813, Paints and varnishes - Measurement of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20°, 60° and 85° (ISO 2813:1994, including Technical Corrigendum 1:1997)16. EN ISO 5470-1, Rubber- or plastics-coated fabrics - Determination of abrasion resistance - Part 1: Taber abrader (ISO 5470-1:1999)17. ISO 1957, Machine-made textile floor coverings - Selection and cutting of specimens for physical tests18. ISO 11379, Textile floor coverings - Laboratory cleaning procedure using spray extraction
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Surfaces for Sports Areas – Specification for Synthetic Turf
“This European Standard specifies performance and durability characteristics for synthetic turf sports surfaces used primarily outdoors. Five categories of surface are covered, each based on the principal sporting use of the surface, as follows:
surfaces designed primarily for hockey;surfaces designed primarily for association football;surfaces designed primarily for rugby union for training purposes;surfaces designed primarily for tennis; andsurfaces designed for multi-sports use.”
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Surfaces for Sports Areas – Specification for Synthetic Turf
“The requirements are intended to apply to surfaces used for community, educational and recreational sport. For professional and elite levels of competition, many sports governing bodies have published their own specifications; the requirements of the sports governing bodies might differ from those detailed in this European Standard and facility developers are advised to ensure that they select surfaces offering the correct level of performance for the level of competition played on the pitch or court.”
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Terms and Definitions
Synthetic turf surfaceSports surface comprised of a carpet of tufted, knitted or woven construction whose pile is designed to replicate the appearance of natural grass
Non-filled synthetic turfSynthetic turf surface that does not contain any form of unbound particulate fill within the pile of the carpet
Filled synthetic turfSynthetic turf surface whose pile is either totally filled or partly filled with an unbound particulate material. (NOTE typically sand, rubber or sand and rubber mixes)
Surface for multi-sportsSynthetic turf surface designed to be used for more than one sport
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Performance Tests
Ball RollVertical Ball ReboundShock AbsorptionVertical DeformationRotational ResistanceCritical Fall HeightAngled Ball BehaviourSlip Resistance
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Performance TestsBall Roll (EN 12234)
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Performance TestsVertical Ball Rebound (EN 12235)
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Performance TestsShock Absorption (EN 14808)
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Performance TestsVertical Deformation (EN 14809)
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Performance TestsRotational Resistance (15301-1)
Used for all sports except tennis.
The limits and studs vary for eachsport.
Normal range is between 20 to 50 Nm
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Performance TestsCritical Fall Height (EN 1177)
Currently only used for Rugby
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Performance TestsAngled Ball Behaviour (13865)
Currently only used for tennis, rates the ‘pace’ of a court
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Performance TestsSlip Resistance (13036-4)
Currently only used for tennis
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Other Tests
Resistance to simulateduse (EN 15306)
Tensile properties of carpet (EN ISO 13934-1)
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Other Tests
Resistance to artificial weathering (EN 20105-A02)
Water permeability (EN 12616)
Joint strength (EN 12228)
Abrasion resistance of non-filled surfaces (EN 13672)
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Normative References1. EN 430, Resilient floor coverings – Determination of mass per unit area2. EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates – Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution – Sieving method3. EN 1097-3, Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates – Part 3: Determination of loose bulk density and voids4. EN 1177, Impact absorbing playground surfacing – Safety requirements and test methods5. EN 1969, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of thickness of synthetic sports surfaces6. EN 12230, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of tensile properties of synthetic sports surfaces7. EN 12235, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of vertical ball behaviour8. EN 12228:2002, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of joint strength of synthetic surfaces9. EN 12229, Surfaces for sports areas – Procedure for the preparation of synthetic turf and needle-punch test pieces10. EN 12234, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of ball roll behaviour11. EN 12616, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of water infiltration rate12. EN 13036-4:2003, Road and airfield surface characteristics – Test methods – Part 4: Method for measurement of slip/skid resistance of a surface – The pendulum test13. EN 13036-7, Road and airfield surface characteristics – Test methods – Part 7: Irregularity measurement of pavement courses: the straightedge test14. EN 13672, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of resistance to abrasion of non-filled synthetic turf15. EN 13744, Surfaces for sports areas – Procedure for accelerated ageing by immersion in hot water16. EN 13864, Surfaces for sports areas - Determination of tensile strength of synthetic yarns17. EN 13865, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of angled ball behaviour – Tennis18. EN 14808, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of shock absorption19. EN 14809, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of vertical deformation20. EN 14836, Synthetic surfaces for outdoor sports areas - Exposure to artificial weathering
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Section: EN 15330 9th December 2008
EN 15330: Normative References (cont.)21. EN 14955, Surfaces for sports areas – Determination of composition and particle shape of unbound mineral surfaces for outdoor sports areas22. EN 15301-1, Surfaces for sports areas – Part 1: Determination of rotational resistance23. EN 15306, Surfaces for outdoor sports areas — Exposure of synthetic turf to simulated wear24. EN 20105-A02, Textiles – Tests for colour fastness – Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour (ISO 105-A02:1993)25. EN ISO 13934-1, Textiles – Tensile properties of fabrics – Part 1: Determination of maximum force and elongation at maximum force using the strip method (ISO 13934-1:1999)26. ISO 48, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and 100 IRHD)27. ISO 1763, Carpets – Determination of number of tufts and/or loops per unit length and per unit area28. ISO 2549, Textile floor coverings – Hand-knotted carpets – Determination of tuft leg length above the woven ground29. ISO 4919, Textile floor coverings – Determination of tuft withdrawal force30. ISO 8543, Textile floor coverings – Methods for determination of mass31. ISO 11357-3, Plastics – Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) – Part 3: Determination of temperature and enthalpy of melting and crystallization
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Section: The Future 9th December 2008
Future of EN Standards for Sport
The working group TC 217 is still active and continuing to develop new standards. In the next few years it is anticipated that a new series of standards will be published for environmental testing.
The working group will continue to review and update the existing standards as new surfaces/tests methods are developed.
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Section: Other Activities of Interest 9th December 2008
Other Activities of Interests
Football Turf Project
Water Attenuation Research
Educational and Training Programme
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Section: The END 9th December 2008
The End – Sometime, no matter how good the surface, people will still get injured on it!