department of civil engineering nit patna, patna-800005

1

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

NIT PATNA, PATNA-800005

M.Tech.

In

Civil Engineering

Specialization: Geotechnical Engineering

Course Structure

&

Detailed Syllabus

Effective From 2019-20XX

2

COURSE STRUCTURE OF M.TECH. IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

SPECIALIZATION: GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

FIRST SEMESTER:

Prog CCMT

Code

Group Sem Course

code

Course Title L T P Credits FM

CEPG CEGE Core

1 PGCE1201

Advanced

Foundation

Engineering

3 0 0 3 100

CEPG CEGE Core

1 PGCE1202

Advanced

Mechanics of

Solids

3 0 0 3

100

CEPG CEGE Lab

1 PGCEL1201

Advanced

Geotechnical

Engineering

Lab - I

0 0 6 4

100

CEPG CEGE EL-1 1 PGCE12XX Elective – I 3 0 0 3 100

CEPG CEGE EL-2 1 PGCE12XX Elective - II 3 0 0 3 100

CEPG CEGE EL-3

1 PGCE12XX

Elective -

III/Open

Elective

3 0 0 3

100

CEPG CEGE

1

Total

Semester

Credit

15 6 19

600

SECOND SEMESTER:

Prog CCMT

Code

Group Sem Course

code

Course Title L T P Credits FM

CEPG CEGE Core 2

PGCE2201 Applied Rock

Mechanics 3 0 0 3 100

CEPG CEGE Core

2

PGCE2202

Geotechnical

Earthquake

Engineering

3 0 0 3

100

CEPG CEGE Lab

2

PGCEL2201

Advanced

Geotechnical

Engineering

Laboratory-II

0 0 6 4

100

CEPG CEGE EL-4 2 PGCE22XX Elective – IV 3 0 0 3 100

CEPG CEGE EL-5 2 PGCE22XX Elective - V 3 0 0 3 100

CEPG CEGE EL-6

2

PGCE22XX

Elective –

VI/Open

Elective

(Intellectual

Property

Rights)

3 0 0 3

100

CEPG CEGE

2

Total

Semester

Credit

15 6 19

600

3

THIRD SEMESTER

Prog CCMT

Code

Group Sem Course code Course Title L T P Credits FM

CEPG CEGE Lab

3

PGCEL3201

Seminar and

Technical

Report

Writing

(work to start

in the end

semester

break-

summer)

0 0 3 2

100

CEPG CEGE EL-7

3

PGCE32XX

Online

Course

(MOOCs /

NPTEL /

SWAYAM)

3 0 0 3

100

CEPG CEGE Lab

3

PGCEL3202

Dissertation

(to be

continued in

4th

Semester)

0 0 0 8

100

CEPG CEGE

2

Total

Semester

Credit

0 0 0 10+3

300

FOURTH SEMESTER

Prog CCMT

Code

Group Sem Course code Course Title L T P Credits FM

CEPG CEGE Lab 4 PGCEL4201 Dissertation 0 0 0 12 100

CEPG CEGE

4

Total

Semester

Credit

12

100

CEPG CEGE Cumulative Total Credit 63 1600

4

LIST OF ELECTIVES (Elective-I, II, III, IV& V): L-T-P: 3-0-0(3 Credits)

1. PGCE1203 : Earth pressure and retaining structures

2. PGCE1204 : Ground Improvement Techniques

3. PGCE1205 : Advanced Soil Mechanics

4. PGCE1206 : Geo-environmental Engineering

5. PGCE1207 : Critical State Soil Mechanics

6. PGCE1208 : Geotechnical Investigations

7. PGCE1209 : Advanced Slope Analysis

8. PGCE2203 : Probability and Statistics

9. PGCE2204 : Reliability and Risk Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering

10. PGCE2205 : Soil Structure Interaction

11. PGCE2206 : Reinforced Earth and Geotextiles

12. PGCE2207 : Earth and Rockfill Dams

13. PGCE2208 : FEM in Engineering Practice

Scheme of Examination:

Class Test I : 5 Marks

Class Test II/Assignments : 5 Marks

Mid Semester Examination :20 Marks

End Semester Examination :70 Marks

5

ADVANCED FOUNDATION ENGINEERING (PGCE1201)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3

PREREQUISITE: A Pass grade or having attended at least 75% of the classes conducted or

at least 60 % attendance and a minimum of 40% marks in the course (s) Geotechnical

Engineering –II, CE 118.

OBJECTIVE: To impart advanced knowledge and skill for of different types of foundations.

Detailed Course Outline

1. Types of foundation; criteria for choosing a foundation based on in-situ soil condition;

overview of different laboratory tests conducted on soil; interpretation of data; criteria for

foundation design. (3 Lectures)

3. Shallow foundation; Terzaghi's theory for bearing capacity analyis for shallow

foundation; Meyerhof's theory for bearing capacity analysis for shallow foundation;

difference between Terzaghi's and Meyerhof's theory; Skempton's bearing capacity

equation; IS 6403-1981 method for bearing capacity determination (as suggested by Vesic);

effect of water table on bearing capacity; bearing capacity of eccentrically loaded footing,

bearing capacity from SPT (N) values; bearing capacity determination from plate load test;

design examples. (9 lectures)

4. Mat/Raft footing; Buoyancy raft foundation; Design examples. (4 lectures)

5. Deep foundation; Static and dynamic formulae for determination of pile load capacity;

skin friction in sand and clay; design of pile group; negative skin friction; under reamed

piles; pile load test; batter piles; pile subjected to horizontal loads; Reese and Matlock

theory; anchor piles and determination of pull out resistance; design examples.

(12 lectures)

6. Deep open cuts; coffer dams; Well foundations; Terzaghi's method; IRC method.

(7 lectures)

7. Soil structure interaction; interaction problems based on the theory of subgrade reaction

such as beams, footing; use of finite difference and finite element method in determination

of specific problems related to foundation engineering, use of FEM for calculation of

bearing capacity of soil. (7 lectures)

Text Books:

1. Analytical and computer methods in Foundation, J.E., Bowles, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,

6

New York.

2.Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, Eds., C.S. Desai and J.T. Christian,

McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.

3. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (Geotechnical Engineering) by K. R. Arora.

Standard Publishers and Distributors.

4.Introduction to soil mechanics and foundation Engineering by Prof. V. N. S. Murthy, UBS

publishers.

5.Programming the finite element method by I. M. Smith and G. V. Griffiths. (4th ed), Wiley

International.

Reference Books:

1. Soil Mechanics by T. William Lambe and Robert V. Whitman.

2. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice by Karl Terzaghi, John Wiley & Sons (1996).

3. Pile Design and Construction Practices by M. J. Tomlinson and John Woodward.

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The students would be able to design different types of

foundations subjected to given loading conditions.

7

ADVANCED MECHANICS OF SOLIDS (PGCE1202)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3

PREREQUISITE: The student should have attended the course of Engineering Mechanics,

Strength of Material, Engineering Mathematics.

OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge of stress, strain and displacement behaviour of solids

subjected to applied loads.


1. Analysis of Stress: Traction Vector, Cartesian Stress Tensor, State of Stress at a Point,

Stress Components on an Arbitrary Plane, Equations of Equilibrium, Transformation of

Stress wrt another Coordinate, Principal Stresses in 3D, Stress Invariants, Orthogonality of

principal planes, Maximum shear stress, Octahedral Stresses and Octahedral planes, Mohr’s

Circle of Stresses, Equations of Equilibrium Cylindrical Coordinates, Relationships between

stress components in cartesian and polar coordinate systems. (8 Lectures)

2. Analysis of Strain: Deformation in the Neighbourhood of a Point, Change in length of line,

Definition of Strain, Strain Tensor, Large and Small Deformations, Strain components in

Cartesian and Polar coordinates; Change in the Direction of a linear Element; Principal

Strains, Strain Transformation, Dilatation, Compatibility Relations in Cartesian and Polar

coordinate systems. (8 Lectures)

3. Stress-Strain Relations for Linear Elastic Bodies: General Theory of Constitutive

equations; Stress-strain relations for linear elastic solids, Types of Elasticity problems for

Isotropic solids. Displacement Equations of Equilibrium. (4 Lectures)

4. Stress function approach to solve equilibrium equations, development of biharmonic

equations for 2D plane stress/plane strain problems, stress function-based solution for 2D

rectangular domain. (3 lectures)

5. Torsion: Torsion of Noncircular Section: Saint Venant’s semi-inverse Method, Torsion

behaviour of prismatic bar of elliptic cross section; Membrane Analogy. (5 Lectures)

6. Energy Theorems; Theorem of Virtual Work, Variational Methods, Equivalence of virtual

work principle and variational method; Application of variational method for solution of 2D

displacement fields, Boundary conditions of 1st kind, 2

nd kind and 3

rd kind, Lame-Navier

equations. (7 Lectures)

7. Theories of Failure: Basic concepts and Yield Criteria, Different Theories of Failure, Flow

rule, Strain hardening, Associated and non-associated plasticity, Elasto-Plastic analysis,

Derivation of elasto-plastic constitutive matrix. (3 Lectures)

8. Axi-symmetric Problems: Thick Walled Cylinders Subjected to Internal and External

Pressure, Problems of Spherical and Axial Symmetry (2 Lectures)

8

Text Books

1. Theory of Elasticity, S P Timoshenko and J. H. Goodier, Mc Graw Hill Book Co.,

2. Applied Elasticity by Xilun Xu. Wiley Eastern Limited.

3. Computational Elasticity by M. Ameen. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

Reference Books

1. Advance Mechanics of Solids, L.S. Srinath, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub.Co., New Delhi

2. Solid Mechanics, S M A Kazimi, Tata Mc Graw Hill Pub.Co., New Delhi

3. Advance Mechanics of Materials, A. P Boresi and R J Schmidt, John Wiley and Sons Inc.

4. Classical and Computational Solid Mechanics, Y C Fung and P Tong, World Scientific,

Singapore.

6. Introduction to the Theory of Plasticity for Engineers, O H Hoffmann, and G Sachs, Mc

Graw Hill Book Co. New York.

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The students would be able to calculate stresses, strains and

displacements of any solid body subjected to any applied load.

9

ADVANCED GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING LAB-I

(PGCEL1201)

L-T-P-CR: 0-0-6-4

PREREQUISITE: Student should have successfully covered basic geotechnical engineering

course at UG level.

OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge about the different experiments used for determining

the soil properties


List of experiments to be studied

Laboratory Tests:

1. Determination of Consolidation properties

2. Determination of shear strength from Direct shear test

3. Determination of shear strength from Vane shear test

4. Determination of shear strength from Unconfined Compression test

5. Determination of shear strength from Unconsolidated Undrained triaxial test

6. Determination of shear strength from Consolidated Drained triaxial test

7. Determination of shear strength from Consolidated Undrained triaxial test with pore

water pressure measurement

8. Determination of free swell for the soil

9. Determination of Swelling Pressure for the soil

Field Investigations and Tests:

1. Drilling of bore hole

2. Standard Penetration Test.

3. Undisturbed and Representative sampling.

4. DCP Test.

5. SCP Test.

6. Electrical Resistivity Test

7. Plate load test.

8. Pile load test.

Laboratory Manuals/Books

1. Engineering Soil Testing by S. Prakash and P. K. Jain, Nemchand & Bros. Roorkee,

2002.

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The student will be able to get a detailed idea about the

laboratory and field tests used in Geotechnical Engineering

10

EARTH PRESSURE AND RETAINING STRUCTURES (PGCE1203)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3

PREREQUISITE: The student should have attended course of soil mechanics.

OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge of earth pressure and retaining structures.


1. Earth Pressure: Types–at rest, active and passive; Rankine’s earth pressure theory;

Backfill features – soil type, surface inclination, loads on surface, soil layers, water

level; Coulomb’s theory; Effects due to wall friction and wall inclination; Graphical

methods; Earthquake effects.

(8 Lectures) 2. Rigid Retaining Structures: Types; Empirical methods; Stability analysis.

(4 Lectures) 3. Flexible Retaining Structures: Types; Material; Cantilever sheet piles;

Anchored bulkheads – free earth method, fixed earth method, moment reduction

factors, anchorage.

(6 Lectures) 4. Braced Excavation: Types; Construction methods; Pressure distribution in sands and

clays; Stability – bottom heave, seepage, ground deformation

(8 Lectures) 5. Reinforced Soil Walls: Elements; Construction methods; External stability;

Internal stability.

(5 Lectures) 6. Laterally Loaded Piles: Short and long piles; Free head and fixed head piles; Lateral

load capacity of single piles; Lateral deflection; Elastic analysis; Group effect;

Lateral load test; Codal provisions.

(6 Lectures) 7. Underground Structures in Soils: Pipes; Conduits; Trenchless technology; Tunneling

techniques.

(5 Lectures)

Texts/References Books

1. Geotechnical Engineering by Gulati and Dutta, TMH Publication, 2007.

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The Student should be able to analyze and design earth retaining

structures.

11

GROUND IMPROVEMENT TECHNIQUES (PGCE1204)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3

PRE-REQUISITE

Student should have successfully taken the courses on soil mechanics and foundation

engineering at UG level or should have at least 75% attendance in these courses in the class.

OBJECTIVES

To make the students apply appropriate ground improvement techniques in Indian context

viz. mechanical compaction, stone columns, grouting, preloading sand drains, reinforced

earth with geo-synthetics, soil nailing and improvement of problematic soils.


1. Introduction; typical situations where ground improvement becomes necessary,

historical review of methods adopted in practice, current status and the scope in

Indian context. 5 Lectures

2. Methods of ground improvement; mechanical compaction, dynamic compaction,

impact loading, compaction by blasting, vibro-compaction; pre-compression, dynamic

consolidation. 4 Lectures

3. Stone columns and sand drains: design aspects of stone columns, use of admixtures,

injection of grouts, design guidelines and quality control, design examples on

preloading with sand drains, road designs with geo-synthetics. 5 Lectures

4. Reinforced earth; basic mechanism, constituent materials and their selection;

engineering applications – shallow foundations on reinforced earth, design of

reinforced earth retaining walls, reinforced earth embankments structures, wall with

reinforced backfill. 10 Lectures

5. Geotextiles; selection and engineering applications, design examples,

stabilisation/improvement of ground using geo-membranes, geo-cells, geo-nets, geo-

synthetic walls. 8 Lectures

6. Soil nailing; construction of underground structures, landslide controls, deep vertical

cuts, contiguous piles. 4 Lectures

7. Problematic soils; use of ply soils, improvement of saline soils, improvement of

black cotton soils. 6 Lectures

Texts Books

1. Chattopadhyay, B. C. and Maity, J., “Ground Improvement Techniques”, PHI

Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2017.

2. Gulhati, S. and Datta, M., “Geotechnical Engineering”, TMH publication, 2007.

3. Jones, CJFP, “Earth Reinforcement and Soil Structure”, Thomas Telford

4. Koerner, R.M., ”Designing with Geosynthetics”’ Prentice hall.

5. Mittal, Satyendra, “Ground Improvement Engineering”, Vikas Publishing House Pvt.

Ltd., Delhi.

12

6. Moseley, M. P. and Kirsch K.,”Ground Improvement”, Spon press.

7. Patra, N. R., “Ground Improvement Techniques”, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,

Delhi-14.

Reference Books

1. Saran, S., “Reinforced Soil and Its Engineering Applications”, I.K. international.

2. Varghese, P. C., “Foundation Engineering”, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2012.

EXPECTED COURSE OUTCOME

After completion of the course, the students will be able to select and use specific ground

improvement techniques for a given site

13

ADVANCED SOIL MECHANICS (PGCE1205)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3

PRE-REQUISITE



OBJECTIVES

1. To know the advanced concepts and theories in Geotechnical Engineering

2. To have thorough knowledge of clayey soil (minerals and bonds) and factors governing its

engineering behavior

3. To study about advanced equipment used for analysis of structure of clay

4. To analyze the behavior of soil considering various failure criteria and stress and strain

paths

5. To understand critical straight line, state boundary surfaces and elastic & plastic

deformation of soil


1. Clay Minerology Types of bonds; Clay-Water system; Diffused Double Layer; Clay

Minerals Kaolinite ,Illite, Montmorillonite; SEM and DTA; Expansive Soils

10 Lectures

2. Capillary Water Capillary phenomenon and potential; Gas pressure in bubbles and voids

5 Lectures

3. State of Stress and Strain in Soils Effective and total stress concept ; Stress-Path concept ;

Stress path in triaxial tests. 7 Lectures

5 Limit State Equilibrium in Soils Fundamental concepts ; Yield criteria and failure theories,

Yield surfaces, Choice of shear parameters for design; Mathematical consideration

8 Lectures

6. Critical State Soil Mechanics Critical state line; Roscoe and Hvorslev surfaces; Complete

state boundary 6 Lectures

7. Behaviour of Soils before Failure Elastic and Plastic deformation; Plasticity of soils;

Camclay Model 6 Lectures

Text Books

1. Das, Braja, M., “Advanced Soil Mechanics”, Taylor & Francis,1983

2. Craig, R.F., “Soil Mechanics”, Chapman & Hall,1993

3.Gopal Ranjan and A S R Rao; "Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics", New Age

International, 2007

Reference Books

1. Atkinson and Bransby : Critical State Soil Mechanics, McGraw-Hill Book, 1982

14

2. Lambe T. W. and Whitman R. V. : Soil Mechanics, John Wiley,2000


After the completion of the course, the students will be able to

1. Explain the importance of advanced concepts and theories in soil mechanics

2. Predict the suitability of clayey soil for various geotechnical applications and equipments.

3. Analyze and interpret the state of stress in soil and evaluate various failure criteria for soils

4. Understand critical state model for the deformation and strength of soils

15

GEO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (PGCE1206)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3


OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge of Geo environmental engineering.


1. Sources and effects of sub surface contamination; Physical, chemical and

biological characteristics of solid wastes.

8 Lectures

2. Soil-waste interaction: Contaminant transport: Laboratory and field evaluation

of permeability: Factors affecting permeability; Waste disposal onland. 8 Lectures

3. Types of landfills: Siting criteria; Waste containment principles; Types of barrier

materials; Planning and design aspects relating to waste disposal in landfills, in ash

ponds and tailing ponds, and in rocks. Design of engineered landfill sites. 8 Lectures

4. Environmental monitoring around landfills; Detection, control and remediation

of subsurface contamination, Leachate Control. 8 Lectures

5. Engineering properties and geotechnical reuse of waste materials such as coal

ash, mining waste, demolition waste etc. 6 Lectures

6. Reclamation of old waste dumps; Regulations; Case studies. 4 Lectures


1. Geotechnical Engineering by Gulati and Dutta, TMH Publication, 2007.

2. Geotechnical Engineering, principles and applications by Lakshmi N. Reddy and

H. I. Inyang, CRC press.

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The Student should be able to analyze and solve problems

related surface contamination, effect of wastes on soils, regulations etc.

16

CRITICAL STATE SOIL MECHANICS (PGCE1207)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3

Pre-requisite: Student should have successfully taken the courses on soil mechanics at UG

Course Objectives

1. To develop advanced knowledge and understanding of different properties of soil e.g.

consolidation, shear strength and permeability.

2. To understand the stress and strain behaviour of soil under different loading

conditions (isotropic/ one- dimensional loading)

3. To identify the determination of critical state parameters of soil from the basic

properties of soil


1. Index and engineering properties of soil (brief outline of all the soil properties).

2 Lectures

2. Introduction to consolidation (Isotropic and one- dimensional consolidation) and

shear strength of soils. 2 Lectures

3. Stress and strain in soils; stress, strain paths and invariants 4 Lectures

4. State boundary of compression of soils, Stress paths in soils 6 Lectures

5. Critical State Line and Roscoe Surface, Drained and undrained planes for clays

8 Lectures

6. Critical state line for sands; Behaviour of over consolidated soils and Hvorslove

surface

8 Lectures

7. Cam – Clay and Modified Cam- Clay Models 6 Lectures

8. Determination of Critical State Parameters 6 Lectures

Text Books:

1. Atkinson J. H. and Bransby P.L. (1982). The Mechanics of Soils – An introduction to

Critical State Soil Mechanics.

2. Wood D.M. (1990). Soil Behaviour and Critical Stata Soil Mechanics, Cambridge

University Press, New York.

3. Gopal Ranjan and A.S. R. Rao (2016). Basic and Applied Soil Mechanics, New Age

International Pvt Ltd.

EXPECTED COURSE OUTCOME: After the completion of the course, the student will

be able to get an idea about the critical state parameters required for numerical modelling.

17

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS (PGCE1208)

L-T-P-CR:3-0-0-3

PRE-REQUISITE


engineering at UG level or should have atleast 75% attendance in these courses in the class.

OBJECTIVES

To develop the knowledge and skill among the students for conducting various in-situ tests

for different site conditions.


1. Introduction; objectives of soil exploration, planning of a sub-surface investigation

programme, Information required for planning different stages of investigation,

collection of existing information, reconnaissance, preliminary and detailed

investigation- I.S and other guidelines for deciding numbers, size, spacing and depth

of bore holes. 5 Lectures

2. Methods of site investigation; Direct methods, semi-direct methods and indirect

methods; sampling techniques, sampling disturbance, factors affecting sample

disturbance and methods to minimize them, types of samplers, labeling and

transportation of samples, sampler design, influence on properties, sub-soil

investigation report. 10 Lectures

3. Geo-hydrological and geophysical methods of soil exploration; electrical

resistivity and seismic refraction methods; merits and limitations, electrical sounding

and electrical profiling, pressure meter test.

6 Lectures

4. Drilling methods; boring in soils and rocks, methods of stabilizing the bore holes,

field record. 4 Lectures

5. Field tests; In-situ vane shear test, in-situ permeability test, standard penetration test,

dynamic cone penetration test, seismic cone penetration test, plate load test;

procedure, uses and limitations, modulus of subgrade reaction, solution of numerical

problem, codal provisions.

6 Lectures

6. Measurements of ground water level. 2 Lectures

7. Pile load tests; initial test, routine test, cyclic test, pull out test and test for laterally

loaded piles. 6 Lectures

8. Special in-situ tests; pressure meter test (PMI), dilatometer tests (DMT), shear wave

velocity test. 3 Lectures

Texts Books

1. Arora K.R., “ Geotechnical Engineering”, Standard Publishers Distributors, New

Delhi, 2006.

18

2. Gulhati, S. and Datta, M., “Geotechnical Engineering”, TMH publication, 2007.

3. Purushothamaraj P., Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Dorling Kindersley

(India) Pvt. Ltd., 2013.

4. Varghese, P. C., “Foundation Engineering”, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2012.

Reference Books

1. Patra, N. R., “Ground Improvement Techniques”, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.,

Delhi-14.

2. Kurian, N. P., “Design of Foundation System”, Third Edition, Alpha Science

International Ltd., Oxford, UK.

3. Terzaghi K. and R. B. Peck, Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, John Wiley,

1967.


After the completion of the course, students will be able to conduct required in-situ tests for a

specific site condition.

19

ADVANCED SLOPE ANALYSIS

(PGCE1209)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3


OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge of solution of slope stability problems.


1. Slope Stability: Infinite slopes; Finite slopes; Types of slope failures; Limit

equilibrium methods; – Swedish method, Bishop’s simplified method,

Morgenstern-Price method; Spencer’s method; Generalized slope stability analysis;

Moment and force equilibrium factor of safety; the force function; the term m and

its effect in the computation of FOS; Stability charts; examples;

15 lectures

2. Conditions of analysis – Short term and long term stabilities; steady state, end of

construction, sudden draw down conditions; Factor of safety; Codal provisions;

Earthquake effects. 4 lectures

3. Application of Optimization techniques such as Particle Swarm optimization (PSO)

method to search for the critical slip surface; introduction to PSO.

3 lectures

4. Finite element analysis procedure for slope stability analysis; strength reduction

technique; Yield criterion; flow rule; hardening rule; visco-plastic method to solve

slope problems; Limit analysis method to solve slope problem; upper and lower bound

limit theorems; 8 lectures

5. Seepage Analysis: Types of flow; Laplace equation; Flow net in isotropic,

anisotropic and layered media; Entrance-exit conditions; Theoretical solutions;

Determination of phreatic line.

4 lectures

6. Reinforced Slopes: Steep slopes; Embankments on soft soils;

Reinforcement design.

3 lectures

7. Landslides: Remedial measures for unstable slopes – soil nailing, gabions,

drainage.

3 lectures

Texts /References Books

1. Geotechnical Engineering by Gulati & Dutta, TMH Publication, 2007.

2. Geoslope software theory manual.

20

3. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering by K. R. Arora.

4. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering by B.C. Punmia

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The Student should be able to solve different types of soil slope

stability problems subjected to different loading conditions.

21

APPLIED ROCK MECHANICS (PGCE2201)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3

PRE-REQUISITE



OBJECTIVES

4. To develop advanced knowledge and understanding of different properties of rocks

e.g. uni-axial compressive strength, shear strength and tensile strength.

5. To develop knowledge and skill among the students for classifying intact rocks and

jointed rock mass,

6. To make the students understand the deformational behaviour of jointed rock masses

and ground water flow in fractured rocks.


1. Introduction; definitions, development of rock mechanics, activities and applications

of rock mechanics and rock engineering. 3 Lectures

2. Properties of intact rocks: types of specimens for testing-, uniaxial compressive

strength tests- tolerance limits and requirements, preparation of specimens, factors

affecting UCS, modes of failures, stress strain curves, post failure behavior.

6 Lectures

3. Tensile strength: direct methods, indirect methods, miscellaneous methods.

2 Lectures

4. Shear tests; single shear test, double shear test, punch test, direct shear test.

4 Lectures

5. Strength criteria for intact rocks; rock strength criteria by Coulomb-Navier,

Griffith’s (1924), Mcclintock and Walsh (1962), empirical failure criteria by

Bieniawski (1974), Hoek and Brown (1980), Ramamurthy (1993). 8 Lectures

6. Classification of intact rocks; geological classification, geotechnical classification,

classification of jointed rocks, Terzaghi (1946), Deere (1968), RQD, RMR, Q-

systems, BGD, Jf concept, RMI, GSI, strength behaviour of jointed rocks, scale effect,

classification approaches. 8 Lectures

7. Deformational behaviour of jointed rocks; definitions, computation of modulus of

deformation through RMR, Q, GSI and Jf, constitutive modeling. 7 Lectures

8. Flow through jointed rock mass; hydraulic conductivity and flow nets, ground water

flow in fractured rocks. 4 Lectures

Texts Books

1. Hoek, E., “Practical Rock Engineering”, Rock Science

22

2. Hudson, J.A. and Harrison, John P., “Engineering Rock Mechanics- An Introduction

to the Principles”, Elsevier.

3. Jaeger, J.C. and Cook, N.G.W., “Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics”, Mathew & Co.

Ltd.

4. Ramamurthy, T., “Engineering in Rocks”, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

5. Singh, B. and Goel, R.K., ”Rock Mass Classification- A Practical Engineering

Approach”, Elsevier.


After the completion of the course, students will have advanced knowledge of rock

mechanics e.g. properties and classification of both intact and jointed rocks,

deformational behaviour of jointed rocks and ground water flow in fractured rocks.

23

GEOTECHNICAL EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING (PGCE2202)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3

PREREQUISITE: The student should have attended courses of Soil Mechanics and

Foundation Engineering

OBJECTIVES

1. Understand the fundamental concepts of Theory of vibration and the various

terminology encompassed to study the behavior of soils due to the effects of dynamic

loads

2. To recognize phenomenon of Vibration Isolation & assess the nature of wave

propagation through soil

3. To study about the dynamic soil properties & their determination by field and

laboratory tests & create an understanding about the general principles of analysis and

design of machine foundation

4. To familiarize with the methods of analysis of dynamic earth pressure & dynamic

bearing capacity of shallow foundations

5. To study the phenomenon of liquefaction and anti liquefaction measures


1. Introduction to the Problem of Soil Dynamics & Theories for Vibration of

Foundations on Elastic Media – General, Basic Terminologies, Mass-spring system,

Natural frequency of foundation soil systems, Transient and vibratory loadings;

Vibration isolation and damping, Types and Methods of Isolation, Theory of Vibration

Measuring Instruments, Vibration of Multi Degree of Freedom Systems

8 lectures

2. Wave Propagation in an Elastic, Homogeneous & Isotropic Medium – Stress, Strain

& Elastic Constants, Longitudinal Elastic Waves in a rod of infinite length, Longitudinal

vibrations of rods of finite length, Torsional Vibrations of rods of infinite & finite

length, End Conditions, Wave propagation in an infinite, homogeneous, isotropic,

elastic medium & Wave propagation inelastic half space, Geophysical prospecting.

8 lectures

3. Dynamic Properties of Geo-Materials - dynamic soil testing technique, design criteria

related to applied loads and material properties, Laboratory and field determination as

per I. S. codes, strength & deformation characteristics of soil under dynamic loads,

Factors affecting Shear modulus, Elastic modulus & Elastic constants. 8 lectures

4. General principles of Machine foundation design & Dynamic compaction of soils –

24

Types of Machines and Machine Foundations, General requirements of Machine

Foundations, Permissible amplitude, Modes of vibration of a rigid block foundations.

5. Dynamic Earth Pressures – Active & Passive pressures, Retaining walls subjected to

dynamic load; graphical construction, I.S. code of practice, Pseudo – static methods &

Displacement analysis 6 lectures

6. Bearing capacity of shallow footings subjected to dynamic loading – foundation

response; Pseudo – static analysis; Dynamic Analysis; Design of footings in earthquake

prone areas; I.S. code of practice 8 lectures

7. Liquefaction of Foundation soils - factors affecting liquefaction& anti liquefaction

measures, criterion for partial and complete liquefaction, mechanism of liquefaction,

Field conditions for soil liquefaction, Standard curves & correlations for liquefaction,

Evaluation of zone of liquefaction in field, Evaluation of liquefaction potential using

SPT. 4 lectures

Text Books

1. PRAKASH SHAMSHER : Soil Dynamics & Machine Foundations

2. SWAMI SARAN : Soil Dynamics & Machine Foundations

3. B M DAS and G V Ramana: Principles of Soil Dynamics


After the course, the student will get a detailed idea about earthquake engineering and

the foundation design for the same.

25

ADVANCED GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING LAB-II

(PGCEL2201)

L-T-P-CR: 0-0-6-4

PREREQUISITE: Student should have successfully covered basic geotechnical engineering

course at UG level.

OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge about the different experiments used for determining

the soil properties


List of experiments to be studied

1. Determination of Engineering properties and compaction characteristics of waste coal ash

and mine tailings

2. Determination of Permeability of clays

3. Determination of Permeability of bentonite amended soils

4. Determination of Tensile strength of Geomembranes and Geotextiles

5. Determination of shear strength of Soil- geomembrane interface

6. Determination of flow net properties of soil

Laboratory Manuals/Books

1. Engineering Soil Testing by S. Prakash and P. K. Jain, Nemchand & Bros. Roorkee, 2002.

2. Geotechnical Practice for Waste Disposal by D. E. denial, Chapman and Hall, 1993.

3. Environmental Geotechnics by R. Sarsby, Thomas Telford, 2000.

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The student will be able to get a detailed idea about the

laboratory tests used in Geotechnical Engineering for studies on expansive soils, geosynthetic

materials and byproducts from Thermal Power plants.

26

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS (PGCE2203)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3

PRE-REQUISITE: Basic knowledge of probability and statics at intermediate level.

OBJECTIVES: To apply knowledge of probability and statics for analysis.


1. Treatment of data: Pareto Diagrams; Frequency distributions; Graphs; Descriptive

measures; Software applications; Excel; SPSS;

MATLAB. (4 Lecturers) 2. Probability: Samples spaces and events; Axioms of probability; Theorems; Conditional

Probability; Mathematical expectations and decision

making. (15 Lecturers)

3. Probability Distributions: Random variables; Binomial and hypergeometric distributions;

Mean and variance; Chebyshev’s theorem; Poisson distribution; Multinomial

distribution. (5 Lecturers)

4. Probability Densities: Continuous random variables; Normal distribution; Uniform, Log

Normal, Gamma, Beta, Weibull distributions; Joint distributions - Discrete and

continuous. (5 Lecturers)

5. Inference: Inference about Means; Inference about variances; Inference about

Proportions; Bayesian estimation.

(13 Lecturers)

Text Books:

1. Milton. J. S. and Arnold. J.C., “Introduction to Probability and Statistics”, Tata

McGraw Hill, 4 th Edition, 2007.

2. Johnson. R.A. and Gupta. C.B., “Miller and Freund‟s Probability and Statistics for

Engineers”, Pearson Education, Asia, 7th Edition, 2007. 3. Papoulis. A and Unnikrishnapillai. S., “Probability, Random Variables and

Stochastic Processes ” McGraw Hill Education India , 4th Edition, New Delhi , 2010. EXPECTED OUTCOME: To apply the knowledge in the real field situations related

to statistical computations of civil engineering problems.

27

RELIABILITY AND RISK ANALYSIS IN GEOTECHNICAL

ENGINEERING (PGCE2204)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3


Foundation Engineering.

OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge of reliability and risk in geotechnical engineering.


1. Concept of engineering design, probability, statistics, uncertainty in

geotechnical engineering, random filed theory.

6 Lectures

2. Concept of reliability, FOSM, monte carlo technique, second order reliable method,

response surface approach.

8 Lectures

3. Latin Hypercube Sampling, Variance Reduction, Importance Sampling, adaptive

sampling, subset simulation, application in geotechnical engineering.

8 Lectures

4. Reliability analysis using metamodels, system reliability, reliability analysis using

FEM

6 Lectures

5. Reliability-based design, Practical procedures, geotechnical examples, risk

assessment for geostructures.

6 Lectures

Text/reference Books

1. Risk and Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering, 1st Edition, Kok-Kwang Phoon,

Jianye Ching, CRC Press, 2017

2. Reliability and Statistics in Geotechnical Engineering, by Gregory B. Baecher ,

John T. Christian, Wiley India Pvt Ltd, 2013

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The student should be able to know the procedures of

reliable design of geostructure.

28

SOIL-STRUCTURE-INTERACTION (PGCE2205)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3


Foundation Engineering.

OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge of soil-structure-interaction problems.


1. Critical study of conventional methods of foundation design. 5 Lectures

2. Nature and complexities of soil structure interaction. 5 Lectures

3. Application of advanced techniques of analysis such as the finite element method,

finite differences, relaxation and interaction for the evaluation of soil-structure-

interaction for different types of structures under various conditions of loading and

sub-soil characteristics.

10 Lectures

4. Interaction problems based on the theory of sub grade reaction such as beams,

footings, rafts, bulkheads etc.

8 Lectures

5. Analysis of different types of framed structures founded on stratified natural deposits

with linear and nonlinear stress-strain characteristics, Indian/international standards

and codes of practice related to SSI.

10 Lectures

6. Use of appropriate software packages; Concept of cone model, wave reflection and

refraction at a material discontinuity, initial cone with outward wave propagation.

4 Lectures

Text Books

1. Analytical and computer methods in Foundation, J.E., Bowles, McGraw-Hill Book

Co., New York, 1974.

2. Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering, Eds., C.S. Desai and J.T. Christian,

McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York.

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The Student should be able to analyze various soil structure

interaction problems.

29

REINFORCED EARTH AND GEOTEXTILES (PGCE2206)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3


OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge of earth reinforcing methodologies and the use of

geotextiles and their behaviour.


1. Basic introduction to the elements of Ground Engineering, characteristics of

reinforcing materials. 6 Lectures

2. Definition of reinforced and advantage of Reinforced Earth. 5 Lectures

3. Soil reinforcement interaction. 5 Lectures

4. Behaviour of Reinforced earth walls. 4 Lectures

5. Basis of wall design, the Coulomb force method, the Rankine force methods, internal

and external stability condition. 4 Lectures

6. Field application of RE, randomly reinforced earth and analysis of reinforced soils,

testing of soil reinforcements. 5 Lectures

7. Definitions, functions, properties, and application of Geotextiles, design of

Geotextile. 5 Lectures

8. Definitions, functions, properties, design and applications of geomembrane

4 Lectures

9. Applications, Geotextiles associated with geomembrane. 2 Lectures

10. Testing on geotextiles, environmental efforts, ageing and weathering. 2 Lectures

Text books

1. Manfred R Hausmann (1990). Engineering principles of ground modification, Mc

Graw Hill Publishing Company.

2. Sanjay Kumar Shukla and Jian Hua Yin (2006). Fundamentals of Geosynthetic

Engineering, Taylor and Francis.

3. Robert M Koerner (2005). Designing with Geosynthetics, Pearson Prentice Hall.

4. NPTEL videos on Geosynthetics by Dr. K. Rajagopal (Professor, Geotechnical

Engineering Division, IIT Madras) and by Dr. J.N.Mandal (Professor, Dept. of Civil

Engineering , IIT Bombay.

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The student should be able to design and use geotextiles as an

earth reinforcing material

30

EARTH AND ROCK-FILL DAMS (PGCE2207)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3


OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge of earth and rock fill dams.


Theory:

1. Factors influencing design of earth dams, types of earth dams.

5 Lectures

2. Control of pore pressures within the dam and foundation.

4 Lectures

3. Critical study of earth dam failures.

3 Lectures

4. Embankment settlement during and after construction, differential settlement and

cracks, construction pore pressures and control.

4 Lectures

5. Seepage analysis, various methods of constructing flow nets.

5 Lectures

6. Methods of foundation treatment.

6 Lectures

7. Critical evaluation of methods of stability analysis.

5 Lectures

8. Dams with impervious membranes of manufactured materials like reinforced

concrete, steel plate and asphaltic concrete.

5 Lectures

9. Embankment construction procedures, equipment, methods of quality control,

measuring instruments, performance observations, a seismic design, slop

protection, rock fill construction.

5 Lectures


1. J.L. Sherardet. al., Earth and Earth-rock Dam, John Wiley, 1963.

2. W. P. Creager, J.D. Justin and J. Hinds, Engineering for Dams, John Wiley, 1945.

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The Student should be able to analyze and design earth and

rock fill dams.

31

FEM IN ENGINEERING PRACTICE (PGCE2208)

L-T-P-CR: 3-0-0-3

PREREQUISITE: The student should have attended course of Engineering Mechanics,

Engineering Mathematics.

OBJECTIVE: To provide knowledge of solution of ordinary and partial differential

equations using Finite Element Method.


1. Preliminaries of Matrix Algebra: Solution of linear algebraic equations using Gauss

elimination; Cholesky’s method; Jordan Method of matrix inversion; ill conditioning;

condition number; errors in numerical calculations; partial pivoting. 5 lectures

2. Mathematical preliminaries, Integral Formulations and Variational Methods: Variational

principles and methods; variational formulations; weighted-residual techniques, coordinate

systems and Del operator; Boundary value, initial value and Eigenvalue problems; Cm

continuity; Integral identities; linear and bilinear functionals; variational operator and first

variation; The Euler Equations; Natural and essential boundary conditions; Weighted Integral

and weak formulation, linear and bilinear forms and quadratic functionals; The Ritz method;

examples. 10 lectures

3. Finite element formulation of second order differential equations in one dimension: Steps

of FEM analysis; discretization of the domain; weak formulation and derivation of element

equations; derivation of interpolation functions; properties of interpolation functions;

connectivity of elements; imposition of boundary conditions; solution of equations; post

computation of the solution; examples. 6 lectures

4. FEM formulation of a fourth order differential equations (Euler-Bernoulli beam):

Governing equation; discretization of the domain; weak formulation and derivation of

element equations; assembly of element equations; imposition of boundary conditions;

examples. 5 lectures

5. Second order partial differential equation involving single variable problem in two

dimensions: The model equation; FE discretization; weak form; FE model; derivation of

interpolation functions for triangular, rectangular elements; evaluation of element matrices

and vectors; assembly of element equations; post computations; examples; 4 lectures

6. Plane elasticity: Governing equations; plane strain; plane stress; weak formulations; FE

model; derivation of interpolation functions for triangular element with 3 nodes, rectangular

elements with 4 nodes, quadrilateral elements with 8 nodes; element stiffness matrices and

load vectors; assembly of element equations; examples; 4 lectures

7. Numerical Integrations: Gauss quadrature method for numerical integration. 1 lecture

32

8. FEM in plasticity: Yield criterion; flow rule; hardening rule; associated and non-associated

plasticity; derivation of elasto-plastic constitutive matrix; 3 lectures

9. Application of FEM in engineering problems; Seepage analysis; stress-strain-displacement

evaluation of linear, elastic solids; bearing capacity analysis; 2 lectures

Text Books:

1. An Introduction to Finite Element Method by J. N. Reddy, McGraw Hill Education (India)

Pvt Ltd., New Delhi.

Reference Books:

2. Finite Element Method: Concepts and Applications in Geomechanics by Debasis Deb,

Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.

3. An Introduction to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis by J N Reddy, Oxford University

Press.

4. Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering by Tirupathi R. Chandrupatla, Ashok D.

Belegundu, Pearson; 4 edition.

EXPECTED OUTCOME: The Student should be able to solve different types of

differential equations arising in engineering problems using Finite Element Method.

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