design characteristics of apr1400 safety injection system ... 2... · vienna, november 19-22, 2013...

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0 APR1400

Design Characteristics of APR1400 Safety Injection System

RD&D of Advanced Design Features of APR1400 SIS

Code Validation for APR1400 LBLOCA Analysis

IAEA INPRO DF-7

Vienna, November 19-22, 2013

Kim, Han-Gon

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1 APR1400

1. INPRO UR 4.2

2. Design Characteristics of APR1400 Safety Injection System (ECCS)

3. INPRO Evaluation

• Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI

• Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for Passive Fluidic Device

• Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System

4. Summary

2 APR1400

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1. INPRO Criteria for RD&D

Safety Basic Principle BP4 (RD&D)

� The development of INS shall include associated

research, development and demonstration work to bring

the knowledge of plant characteristics and the capability

of analytical methods used for design and safety

assessment to at least the same confidence level as for

existing plants

� User Requirements (UR)� UR4.1 Safety Basis

� UR4.2 RD&D for understanding

� UR4.3 Pilot plant

� UR4.4 Safety analysis

3 APR1400

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1. INPRO Criteria for RD&D

INPRO UR 4.2 and CR 4.2.1 ~ 4.2.3

UR4.2 RD&D for understanding CR4.2.1 RD&D

Research, Development and

Demonstration on the reliability of

components and systems, including

passive systems and inherent safety

characteristics, should be performed

to achieve a thorough understanding

of all relevant physical and

engineering phenomena required to

support the safety assessment.

IN4.2.1: RD&D defined and

performed and database developed?

CR4.2.2 computer codes

IN4.2.2: Computer codes or

analytical methods developed and

validated?

CR4.2.3 scaling

IN4.2.3: Scaling understood and/or

full scale tests performed?

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4 APR1400

� Comparison of OPR1000 vs. APR140� Direct Vessel Injection (DVI) vs. Cold-leg injection� 4 Train vs 2 Train (Physically, electrically independent train)� No cross-tie between train : easy maintenance� No Low Pressure SIPs by adoption of Fluidic Device in SIT� No recirculation mode change by adoption of IRWST

CONTAINMENT

S/G S/GR

V

SIT

SIT

SIT

SIT

HPSIP

HPSIP

LPSIP

LPSIP

<2 Train CLI Safety Injection System>

Sump

RWST

CONTAINMENT

IRWST

S/G S/GRV

SIT

SIPSIT

SIP

SIT

SIP

SIT

SIP

<4 Train DVI Safety Injection System>


5 APR1400

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(1) DVI

(2) CLI

Coldleg

45

o45

o

45

o45

o

180o0o

270o

90o


� Injection Location� OPR1000 : 60 degree at RCP discharged leg� APR1400 : reactor vessel (83” above CL)

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6 APR1400

� Safety Injection Tank (Accumulator)�Role : Refill reactor vessel lower plenum rapidly during early

phase of LBLOCA� Initial Condition : Pressurized to ~40bar by Nitrogen gas, 1800ft3

(51m3) for APR1400�Problem : Too much water to fill lower plenum

� Passive fluidic device in SIT� Utilize SIT water more efficiently to remove LPSIP


Conventional SIT+LPSIP

flowrate

Ideal SIT w/ FD flowrate

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7 APR1400

� Principle : Vortex resistance� Water level higher than stand pipe elevation �� rectangular flow direction �� small vortex resistance �� high discharge flow

� Water level lower than stand pipe elevation �� tangential flow direction �� large vortex resistance �� small discharge flow

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Dis

ch

arg

e F

low

rate

, kg

/s

Time, sec

FD-II(b)-C-HH-1

FD-II(b)-C-HH-2

FD-II(b)-C-HH-3


8 APR1400

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3. RD&D for APR1400 Advanced Safety Features

UR4.2 RD&D for understanding

Research, Development and Demonstration on the reliability of components

and systems, including passive systems and inherent safety characteristics,

should be performed to achieve a thorough understanding of all relevant

physical and engineering phenomena required to support the safety

assessment.

� APR1400 has advanced safety design features compared to current PWRs� Safety Injection System� IRWST and Sparger� POSRV and Rapid depressurization system� IVR-ERVCS for severe accidents� Modern MMIS

� Among them, RD&D for following two features are evaluated in this meeting� Direct Vessel Injection (DVI) in Safety Injection System (SIS)� Passive Fluidic Device in Safety Injection Tank (SIT)

9 APR1400

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3.1. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for DVI

CR4.2.1 RD&D

IN4.2.1: RD&D defined and performed and database developed?

CR4.2.3 scaling

IN4.2.3: Scaling understood and/or full scale tests performed?

� RD&D Evaluation of CR 4.2.2 (Computer Code) will be presented separately

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10 APR1400

� Multi-dimensional phenomena in downcomer during LBLOCA refloodphase such as ECC Bypass, Sweep-out, Steam Condensation, etc

� Quantification of bypass rate for design and licensing

Technical issues in DVI design


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11 APR1400

Classification of the Tests

� Direct ECC Bypass (DEB) Test

� Some of injected water is bypassed to the broken cold leg by fast steam flow during reflood phase of LBLOCA

� Steam-water interaction at the upper downcomer region

� Void Height Test : DEB + Sweep-out

� Fast steam flow sweep-out the water accumulated in the lower downcomer.

� Downcomer water level is maintained lower than cold leg elevation (Void Height) �� Water head is reduced ��Reflooding rate can be reduced

ECC Bypass Mechanismduring the Reflood Phase


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12 APR1400

DVI Test Matrix

Test Facility

� 1/7 Scale SET : ‘DIVA’ Facility, APR1400, Air-Water

� 1/5 Scale SET : ‘MIDAS’ Facility, APR1400, Steam-Water or Air-Water

� 1/288 Scale IET : ‘ATLAS’ Facility, APR1400, Steam-Water

Test CaseTest

ScaleMajor Parameters

of Interests Test Objectives

SET

Air-Water Test

1/7 •ECC Bypass Mechanism

•Direct ECC Bypass (DEB)

•Void Height (VH)

•ECC Bypass Fraction

� Phenomena Understanding

1/5 � Condensation Effect

Steam-Water Test

1/5•DEB, VH


•Condensation/Subcooling

�Parameter quantification

�Code Validation

�

IETSteam-Water Test

1/288

•Core behavior


•Condensation/Subcooling

�Parameter quantification

�Code Validation


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13 APR1400

Test Facility (DIVA)

� Downcomer Injection Visualization and Analysis

� Downcomer Gap : 3.6 cm

� Test Sections : Transparent

� APR1400 : Linear Scale = 1 / 7.07

Sweep-out

(a) Vg = 15 m/s

(b) Vg = 25 m/s(b) Vl = 2.0 m/s

(a) Vl = 1.0 m/s

Liquid Film Spreading

1/7 Air-Water Test Facility (DIVA)

DIVA Facility


Storage Tank

Pump

Blower3

Blower1

Blower2Damper

Cold leg Din =0.108m

Hot leg Dout=0180m

DVI Nozzle Din =0.036m

Air Injection Line

CL1 CL2

CL3

Broken Cold Leg

Separator

Air Venting Line

Bypassed ECC Collection Tank

DVI1 DVI2

DVI3DVI4

Full Height, 1/50 Area ScaleGap size=0.036mDC 내경 = 0.582m

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14 APR1400

CL2

CL3

DVI1 DVI2

DVI3DVI4

HL1

HL2

Side - 4Side - 1

Side - 2 Side - 3

Side - 5

Side - 6

CL1

BC

CL1 BC

(a) side-1

HL1 CL1

(b) side-2

CL2 CL1HL1

(c) side-3

CL3 CL2

(d) side-4

HL2 CL3

(e) side-5

BC HL2

(f) side-6

Multi-dimensional PhenomenaObserved near the Cold Leg Elevation

� Major Hydraulic Phenomena� Gas jet impingement� Liquid Slug around the Gas Jet� Zero penetration zone (side-1) :

near the Broken CL� Local penetration zone (side-2&5) :

Hot leg blockage effect

� Flow Patterns in D/C� Cross flow : Downward liquid film

and Transverse gas flow� Co-current transverse annular

wispy flow� ECC penetration region

1/7 Air-Water Test : Visual Observations


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15 APR1400

1/5 Steam-Water Test Facility (MIDAS)� Multi-dimensional Investigation in Downcomer Annulus Simulation

� Fluid : Steam-Water (Superheated or Saturated Steam) or Air-Water

� Test Sections : D/C Gap 51.8 mm, D/C Vessel I.D. 938.8 mm

� APR1400 : 1/ 4.93 Linear Scale (DVI I.D. 43.8 mm, CL I.D. 182 mm)

Core

UpperPlenum

Broken Cold leg

Direct

Bypass

Legend :

Water FlowSteam Flow

Lower

Plenum

Penetration

Accumulated

Water

Sweep-out

IntactCold leg

ECCInjection

ECCSTank

DVI-2

DVI-3

CL-4

HL-1

HL-2

DVI-4

Feedwater Tank

Drain

DVI-1

CLI-1

Steam Common Head

A

B

C

Core

SIT

HPSI

DRAIN

CL-2

CL-3

C

D

그림2 1차 계통 및 유로 배치 개념도

To Vessel

From Steam Common

Head

DrainDemiwater

Vessel Lower Plenum

Steam GeneratorHL1

HL1

HL2

B

DA B

C D

Drain

ContainmentTank

DRAIN

Form City Water

Steam/Water Separator

Steam Line

WaterLine

HL2

Downcomer

N2


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16 APR1400

Development of the ‘Modified Linear Scaling’ Methodology

Scaling Parameter

Volume Scaling

Linear Scaling

Mod. LinearScaling

D/C Height, loR 1 loR ��

D/C Dia., doR doR loR ��

Aspect Ratio,

lOR / doR

lOR / doR 1 ��

Area, aoR doR2 loR

2 ��

Volume, VoR doR2 loR

3 ��

Flow rate, moR VoR loR2 loR

5/2

Velocity, UOR 1 1 loR1/2

Time, tOR 1 loR loR1/2

Gravity, gOR 1 1 / loR 1


200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500

0.0

2.5

5.0

7.5

10.0

12.5

15.0

17.5

20.0

22.5

25.0

27.5

30.0

32.5

35.0

37.5

40.0

TIME(SEC)

WS

TM(K

G/S

)-T

RA

C R

esults for

KN

GR

KNGR Case

TRAC Results

Polynominal Fit

Steam Mass Flow for Each Cold Leg[kg/s]

200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

KNGR Case

TRAC Results

Polynominal Fit

TIME(SEC)

AV

ER

AG

E C

OLD

LE

G S

TE

AM

VE

LO

CIT

Y (

m/S

)

200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

0.35

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.55

0.60

0.65

0.70

1/4.93 SCALE

Scaled Mass Flow Rate

Polynominal Fit

WS

TM F

OR

EX

PE

RIM

EN

TS

(KG

/S)

TIME(SEC)200 225 250 275 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

VS

TM F

OR

EX

PE

RIM

EN

TS

(m/S

)

TIME(SEC)

1/4.93 SCALE

Scaled Average Steam Velocity

Polynominal Fit

Steam Injection Velocitythrough Each Cold Leg[m/s]

APR1400(CodeAnalysis *)

TestCondition(MIDAS)Modif.LinearScalingApplied

� To keep ECC bypass phenomena, velocity scale is reduced by √2 from the original linear scaling

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17 APR1400

Direct ECC Bypass Test Results for APR1400

DEB Fraction vs. Wallis NumberDEB Fraction vs. Wallis Number

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Byp

ass F

ractio

n

j*

g,eff

DVI 2&4

Air/Water

Steam/Water

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

20

40

60

80

100

Modified Linear Scaling

1/5 scale

DVI-4 Injection

DVI-2&4 Injection

1/10 scale(SNU)

DVI-2 Injection

DVI-4 Injection

DVI-2&4 Injection

Dir

ect

Byp

ass F

ractio

n (

%)

jg,eff

* (Characteristic Length: D

CL)


Steam/WaterAir/Water

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18 APR1400

Void Height Test Results for APR1400

Void Height vs. Bypass Fraction

Mass Balance Error

Degree of Subcooling vs. Bypass Fraction

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Steam/Water Modified Linear Scaling

wg,cl

=0.15 kg/s x 3

wg,cl

=0.19 kg/s x 3

wg,cl

=0.26 kg/s x 3

wg,cl

=0.35 kg/s x 3

Subco

olin

g(o

C)

Bypass Fraction

Degree of Subcooling vs. Steam Wallis Parameter

0.0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


wg,cl

=0.15 kg/s x 3

wg,cl

=0.19 kg/s x 3

wg,cl

=0.26 kg/s x 3

wg,cl

=0.35 kg/s x 3

Jg,eff

(m/s)

Sub

coo

ling(o

C)

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Vo

id H

eig

ht

Bypass Fraction


wg,cl

=0.15 kg/s x 3

wg,cl

=0.19 kg/s x 3

wg,cl

=0.26 kg/s x 3

wg,cl

=0.35 kg/s x 3


0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0-1.0

-0.9

-0.8

-0.7

-0.6

-0.5

-0.4

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0


Ma

ss B

ala

nce

Err

or

Bypass Fraction

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19 APR1400

� Design Press. : 18.7 [Mpa]

� Design Temp. : 370 [Co]

� Height, Length scale : 1/2, 1/12

� Volume scale : 1/288

� Max. core power : 2MW

� Tests : LBLOCA, SBLOCA, SLB, FLB, SGTR, ATWS, TLOWF

LL LLTT TT-- --RR RR

PP PPVV VV-- --00 0044 44AA AA,, ,, BB BB

(4895)

LL LLTT TT-- --DD DD

CC CC-- --00 0011 11

(834)

P T -L P -0 1P T -L P -0 1P T -L P -0 1P T -L P -0 1

P T - U H - 0 1P T - U H - 0 1P T - U H - 0 1P T - U H - 0 1

P T -D C - 0 1P T -D C - 0 1P T -D C - 0 1P T -D C - 0 1

L O W E R L O W E R L O W E R L O W E R P L E N U MP L E N U MP L E N U MP L E N U M

C O R EC O R EC O R EC O R E

U P P E R P L E N U MU P P E R P L E N U MU P P E R P L E N U MU P P E R P L E N U M

U P P E R H E A DU P P E R H E A DU P P E R H E A DU P P E R H E A D

1905

721.6

771

2008.3

R P V - L ev el

T ra n s m itte rs

433

348

686

499.6

ID 317 .5 ID 40 8

t= 19 .0 5

t= 50

G a p =2 5.75

381.6


CC CC-- --00 0022 22

(834)

LL LLTT TT-- --

DD DDCC CC

-- --00 0033 33

(834)

LL LLTT TT-- --

DD DDCC CC

-- --00 0044 44

(834)


CC CC-- --00 0055 55

(590)

LL LLTT TT-- --

DD DDCC CC

-- --00 0066 66

(590)


CC CC-- --

00 0077 77 (

379)

5 4 .6

L T - L P - 0 1L T - L P - 0 1L T - L P - 0 1L T - L P - 0 1(1 49 .6 )

L T - C O -0 1L T - C O -0 1L T - C O -0 1L T - C O -0 1 (31 7)








PP PPVV VV-- --00 0022 22

(3061.5

)


PP PPVV VV-- --00 0011 11

(2910)


PP PPVV VV-- --00 0033 33

(5971.5

)

254

(t=50)

L T - L P - 02L T - L P - 02L T - L P - 02L T - L P - 02 (5 72 )

L T - U P - 0 1L T - U P - 0 1L T - U P - 0 1L T - U P - 0 1 (69 9)

L T - U H -0 1L T - U H -0 1L T - U H -0 1L T - U H -0 1 (59 5 .5 )




u n it= m m

B O C R ECB O C R ECB O C R ECB O C R EC

R E F L O O D R E F L O O D R E F L O O D R E F L O O D S ta rt L e ve lS ta rt L e ve lS ta rt L e ve lS ta rt L e ve l

(5 34 )(5 34 )(5 34 )(5 34 )

T o F C V - L P - 0 1T o F C V - L P - 0 1T o F C V - L P - 0 1T o F C V - L P - 0 1

Integral Effect Test - ATLAS

� Test Facility


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20 APR1400

ATLAS – APR1400 Integral Test Loop

SITSITSITSIT-2-2-2-2


SG -1SG -1SG -1SG -1 SG -2SG -2SG -2SG -2

R C PR C PR C PR C P-2A-2A-2A-2AR C PR C PR C PR C P-2B-2B-2B-2B

C DC DC DC D

M W TM W TM W TM W T

IR W STIR W STIR W STIR W ST

PVPVPVPV

C P/C P/C P/C P/H P SIP-1H P SIP-1H P SIP-1H P SIP-1

H PSIP -2H PSIP -2H PSIP -2H PSIP -2

H L-1H L-1H L-1H L-1C L-1BC L-1BC L-1BC L-1BC L-1AC L-1AC L-1AC L-1A

H L-2H L-2H L-2H L-2C L-2AC L-2AC L-2AC L-2AC L-2BC L-2BC L-2BC L-2B

SC H XSC H XSC H XSC H X

SC PSC PSC PSC P

M FW PM FW PM FW PM FW P

SD VSD VSD VSD V

C TC TC TC T

C TC TC TC T

P ZRP ZRP ZRP ZR

S LS LS LS LP SPP SPP SPP SP

NNNN 2 2 2 2 G asG asG asG as NNNN 2 2 2 2

G asG asG asG as

D VID VID VID VI- 1- 1- 1- 1

D VID VID VID VI- 4- 4- 4- 4

D VID VID VID VI- 3- 3- 3- 3 D VID VID VID VI

- 2- 2- 2- 2

Letdown

Letdown

Letdown

Letdown

C TC TC TC T



AFW P-2AFW P-2AFW P-2AFW P-2A FW P -1A FW P -1A FW P -1A FW P -1

C HC HC HC HM SIV-1M SIV-1M SIV-1M SIV-1

S V-2S V-2S V-2S V-2A D V-2A D V-2A D V-2A D V-2SV-1SV-1SV-1SV-1A D V-1A D V-1A D V-1A D V-1

M SIV-2M SIV-2M SIV-2M SIV-2

PSVPSVPSVPSV

C TC TC TC TSR PSR PSR PSR P

H PIPH PIPH PIPH PIPM W TM W TM W TM W T

C TC TC TC T

R C PR C PR C PR C P-1B-1B-1B-1BR C PR C PR C PR C P-1A-1A-1A-1A

A tm osphereA tm osphereA tm osphereA tm osphere

B SB SB SB S

C S (I)C S (I)C S (I)C S (I)

B SB SB SB S

C S(II)C S(II)C S(II)C S(II)

LC (I)LC (I)LC (I)LC (I) LC (II)LC (II)LC (II)LC (II)

S C H XS C H XS C H XS C H X

S C H XS C H XS C H XS C H X


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21 APR1400

ATLAS Major Scaling Parameters

2

Parameters Scaling Law ATLAS Design

Length (Height) 1/2

Diameter 1/12

Area 1/144

Volume 1/288

Core T 1

Velocity

Time

Power/Volume

Heat flux

Core power 1/203.6

Rod diameter (core) 1

No. of rods (core) 1/144

Tube diameter (SG)

No. of tube (SG) 1/72

Flow rate 1/203.6

Frication factor 1

Pressure drop 1/2

ORl

ORd

2

ORd

2

ORORdl

ORT∆

2/1

ORl

2/1

ORl

2/1−

ORl

2/1−

ORl

2/12

ORORld

ORRD

2

ORd

RTD

22 −

RORTDd

2/12

ORORld

ORF

ORl

2/1

2

2/1

2/1


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22 APR1400

ATLAS LBLOCA Test� Overview

� Automatic operation by a control logic

� LBLOCA reflood test using the ATLAS facility

� Direct simulation of the entire reflood period for APR1400

� Experimental objectives

� To provide reliable data to help in validating the LBLOCA analysis methodology for APR1400.

� Licensing issues for APR1400 are to be solved.

� Quantitative data with uncertainty will be provided with well-defined initial and boundary conditions.

� To understand and identity the major thermal hydraulic characteristics during the reflood phase of LBLOCA for APR1400.

� Tests are being performed at several typical APR1400 conditions.


23 APR1400

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� ATLAS LBLOCA Reflood Test Matrix

Phase Classification Objectives Test No.

Phase 1 :

Parametric test during reflood

Effect on core cooling by major T/H parameters

Test No.1 ~ No.7

Phase 2 :

LBLOCA reflood testReflood test for DVI design Test No.8 ~ No.15

Test ID Experimental conditions

Test No.9(IET)

Design ConditionFrom Rx trip to late reflood


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� Summary of Events (Reflood Period)

Events Time (DAS)

Time (from reflood)

Description

Power Restart

1855 -57 After achievement of ICs

20s linear increase

SIT Injection

1910 -2 Max. T > 450oC (target: 456)

~1930 ~18 SIT-High Flow (94% ~ 72%)

~2033 ~121 SIT-Low Flow (72% ~ 47%)

RefloodStart

1912 0 2.0 s after SIT Injection

1.2*ANS-73 curve

HPSI Injection

1927 15 12.7 s after Reflood Start

Test End 2778.5 866.5 TW-DC-AVG < 115oC; DAS stop


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� System Pressure & DC Wall Temperature

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

0

2

4

6

8

10

100

150

200

250

300

p=0.5MPa

p=1.5MPa

Pre

ssu

re (

MP

a)

Time (second)

PT-PZR-01 (MPa)

PT-UH-01 (MPa)

PT-DC-01 (MPa)

PT-LP-01 (MPa)

trip

p=2.5MPa

vent

Power Restart

DC

Wa

ll T

em

pe

ratu

re (

oC

)

TW-DC-01A (oC)

TW-DC-02A (oC)

TW-DC-03A (oC)

TW-DC-04A (oC)

TW-DC-01B (oC)

TW-DC-02B (oC)

TW-DC-03B (oC)

TW-DC-04B (oC)

TF-DC-011 (oC)

TF-DC-021 (oC)

TF-DC-031 (oC)

TF-DC-041 (oC)


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� Variation of Selected Major Parameters

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

0

500

1000

1500

2000

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

0123451800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.0

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

01234567

1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

0100200300400500600700

Pow

er

(kW

)

HP-CO-01 (kW)

HP-CO-02 (kW)

HP-CO-03 (kW)

Total Power (kW)

Pre

ssure

(M

Pa)

PT-SIT1-01 (MPa)

PT-SIT2-01 (MPa)

PT-SIT3-01 (MPa)

PT-SIT4-01 (MPa)

1. Power_Restart2. SIT - High Flow3. Reflood Start 4. HPSI Flow5. SIT - Low Flow

Flo

wra

te (

kg/s

)

QV-HPSI1-01 (Kg/sec)

QV-HPSI3-01 (Kg/sec)

QV-SIT1-01 (Kg/sec)

QV-SIT2-01 (Kg/sec)

QV-SIT3-01 (Kg/sec)

QV-SIT4-01 (Kg/sec)

1

3

25

4

Level (m

) LT-CO-07-I

LT-RPV-01-I

LT-RPV-03-I

LT-RPV-04a-I

LT-RPV-04b-I

Tem

pera

ture

(oC

)

Time (second)

TH-CO-08G11i

TH-CO-09G11b1

TH-CO-10G11b1

1086 mm from BOHL

1329 mm from BOHL

1517 mm from BOHL

1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

100

150

200

250

3001800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

0.000.050.100.150.200.250.30

1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

0.00.20.40.60.81.0

1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

0.00.20.40.60.81.0

1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800

0.00.20.40.60.81.0

Tem

pera

ture

(oC

)

TW-DC-01A (oC) TW-DC-02A (oC) TW-DC-03A (oC) TW-DC-04A (oC)

TW-DC-01B (oC) TW-DC-02B (oC) TW-DC-03B (oC) TW-DC-04B (oC)

TF-DC-011 (oC) TF-DC-021 (oC) TF-DC-031 (oC) TF-DC-041 (oC)

Pre

ssure

(M

Pa

)

PT-PZR-01 (MPa)

PT-UH-01 (MPa)

PT-DC-01 (MPa)

PT-LP-01 (MPa)

Void

Fra

ctio

n

VoidRPV01

VoidRPV02

VoidRPV03

VoidRPV04a

VoidRPV04b

Void

- D

C VoidRPV04a VoidRPV04b

VoidDC01 VoidDC02

VoidDC03 VoidDC04

VoidCO05 VoidDC06

VoidDC07

Void

- C

ore

Time (second)

VoidRPV01 VoidRPV02

VoidRPV03 VoidCO01

VoidCO02 VoidCO03

VoidCO04 VoidCO05

VoidCO06 VoidCO07

VoidUP01

ECC

ECC

Core & DC

Heater Rod

Heater System

DC Wall

Wide Range LT


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Selected Test Results

� Primary System Levels� FCV-BS-02 & OV-BS-01 open: Core level decrease

� Fluctuation at SIT & HPSI injection

� Higher levels in DC than Core

LOWER LOWER LOWER LOWER PLENUMPLENUMPLENUMPLENUM

CORECORECORECORE

UPPER UPPER UPPER UPPER PLENUMPLENUMPLENUMPLENUM

UPPER UPPER UPPER UPPER HEADHEADHEADHEAD

RPV - Level

Transmitters

381.6

DC1

3

2

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

CO7

LP2

1

UP1

1

UH4

3

2

RPV4A

RPV1

RPV2

RPV3

RPV4B

HOT LEGHOT LEGHOT LEGHOT LEGCOLD LEGCOLD LEGCOLD LEGCOLD LEG

DDDDOOOOWWWWNNNNCCCCOOOOMMMMEEEERRRR

1 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 8 0 0

0 .0

0 .5

1 .0

1 .5

2 .0

2 .5

3 .0

3 .5

4 .0

Le

ve

l (m

)

T im e ( s e c o n d )

L T -C O -0 7 - I

L T -R P V - 0 1 - I

L T -R P V - 0 3 - I

L T -R P V - 0 4 a - I

L T -R P V - 0 4 b - I


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Selected Test Results� Heater Rod Surface Temp.

� Gradual quenching of a heating rod: G3 (outer zone)

1 8 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 4 0 0 2 6 0 0 2 8 0 0

0

5 0

1 0 0

1 5 0

2 0 0

2 5 0

3 0 0

3 5 0

4 0 0

4 5 0

5 0 0

5 5 0

6 0 0

6 5 0

7 0 0

7 5 0

T

em

pera

ture

(o

C)

T im e ( s e c o n d )

E X P (G 3 3 -a 1 , b 1 )

0 . 1 2 7 m

0 . 3 1 2 m

0 . 4 3 4 m

0 . 6 2 6 m

0 . 7 7 9 m

0 . 9 5 3 m

1 . 0 8 6 m

1 . 2 7 1 m

1 . 3 2 9 m

1 . 5 1 7 m

1 . 6 4 5 m

1 . 8 1 9 m


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Summary

CR4.2.1 RD&D


CR4.2.3 scaling


� For the DVI design in APR1400 SIS� Technical Issues are well defined� RD&D scope and necessity is defined� Various scaling methods are developed and understood� SET/IET have been performed� Database has been developed and used for plant design and

licensing� Therefore, APR1400 DVI design satisfies Criteria 4.2 RD&D

requirements


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3.2. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3

for Passive Fluidic Device

� Technical Issues and RD&D objective� Conventional PWR : Early reflood of LBLOCA �� High decay heat

�� Large capacity Pump �� LPSIP

� APR1400 : Early reflood of LBLOCA �� High decay heat �� Fluidic Device �� No LPSIPs

� Fluidic Device� Passive Device (No electricity,

No moving part)

� Performance should be demonstratedConventional SIT+LPSIP

flowrate

Ideal SIT w/ FD flowrate

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Full Scale Fluidic Device Test Facility

VAlve Performance Evaluation test Rig (VAPER) � Safety Injection Tank (SIT): Full-Scale (ID: 2.74 m, H: 11.99 m, V: 68.13 m3 )� Stock Tank : 97 m3

� Compressed Air Supply : Max. 50 bar� Discharging Pipe : 12 inch

Stock

Tank(97m3)

Quick

Opening

Valve

Orifice

Recirculation

Pump

Air

Compressor

Discharge Pipe Line

(12" #80)

SIT(68.13m3)

Stand

Pipe

Fluidic

Device

Vent

Safety

Valve

Demi-Water

Supply Line

Demi-Water

Recircluation

Line

Compressed Air

Supply Line

LT

LT

Conductivity

Probe

TE

TE

PTDP

PT

PTPTPT

DP

TE

TE

LT

Drain

Discharge

Bypass

Vent

Bypass

PI

LT : Level Transmitter

PT : Pressure Transmitter

PI : Pressure Indicator

TE : RTD or Thermocouple

Schematic of the VAPER Facility

3.2. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.1 and 4.2.3 for Passive Fluidic Device

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Test matrix and measured parameters

� Test matrix� Basic Tests to confirm performance parameters

� Low pressure tests

� Sensitivity tests for manufacturing uncertainty

� Typical conditions� System pressure : 4,000 kPa-g

� System temperature : Room temperature

� SIT water level : 8.9 m

� Measured (calculated) parameters� Flow resistance (K-value) at high flow rate period

� Flow resistance (K-value) at low flow rate period


2

22

SIT

pipew

W

APK

ρ∆=

t

tththAtW SITSIT

SITwSIT

∆

∆+−≈

)()()( ρ

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Sample Test Results

Test IDPeak Flow

(kg/s)

Mission Time(sec)

FD K-Factor(High/Low)

Test-II(b)-C-H-1 1000 165 18.8/159.7

FD-II(b)-C-H-1 1040 160 16.2/156.3

FD-II(b)-C-H-2 1010 16015.6/159.816.4/158.6

FD-II(b)-C-H-3 1005 16516.2/159.217.0/158.7

FD-II(b)-C-H-4 1005 16515.7/162.616.6/162.6

FD-II(b)-C-H-5 780 21015.2/169.416.1/169.4


0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Dis

ch

arg

e F

low

rate

, kg

/s

Time, sec

Test-II(b)-C-H-1

FD-II(b)-C-H-1

FD-II(b)-C-H-2

FD-II(b)-C-H-3

FD-II(b)-C-H-4

0 20 40 60 80 100 1201

10

100

1000

FD

K F

acto

r

Time, sec

Test-II(b)-C-H-1

FD-II(b)-C-H-1

FD-II(b)-C-H-2 (DPT101)

FD-II(b)-C-H-2 (DPT101-1)





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Summary

CR4.2.1 RD&D


CR4.2.3 scaling


� For the Passive Fluidic Device design in APR1400 SIS� RD&D scope and necessity is defined� Full Scale Test has been performed� Database has been developed and used for plant design and

licensing� Therefore, APR1400 Fluidic Device satisfies Criteria 4.2 RD&D

requirements


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3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2

for Safety Injection System

� Computer codes for SIS performance (LBLOCA analysis)� RELAP5/Mod3.3-KREM

� Code modification from RELAP5/Mod3.3

� Code validation� International test facility

� ECC Bypass (MIDAS)

� IET for APR1400 LBLOCA (ATLAS)

� Fluidic Device Performance

CR4.2.2 computer codes

IN4.2.2: Computer codes or analytical methods developed and validated?

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PIRT for APR1400 LBLOCA

� Accident : Double-ended Cold leg Break

� 4 Phases : Blowdown, Refill, Early reflood, Late reflood

� 15 Components, 73 Phenomena

3.3. Evaluation of RD&D CR 4.2.2 for Safety Injection System

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� General PWR Test matrix

� 27 SET facilities

� 4 IET facilities� APR1400 Specific Test Matrix

� ECC Bypass : MIDAS, UPTF-21D

� Downcomer Boiling : DOBO

� Overall Reflood behavior : ALTAS

� FD Performance : VAPER


Code validation test matrix

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� LBLOCA Blowdown Period LBLOCA Reflood Period

- Evaluation by SET - Evaluation by SET/IET- (17 FLECHT-SEASET, 7 NEPTUN, (SET + LOFT L2-2, L2-3, LP-02-6, CCTF C2-4.

1 ATLAS; Total 616 Data) PKL-IIb5, Semiscale S-06-3 : Total 688 Data)- Peak Cladding Temperature - Peak Cladding Temperature

700

900

1100

1300

1500

1700

700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700

Experiment (K)

Calc

ula

tio

n (

K)

.

FLECHT-SEASETNEPTUNATLAS

Bias

y1 = x + 39.81

One-side 95% bound

y = y1 + 80.37

500

700

900

1100

1300

1500

1700

500 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700

Experiment (K)

Calc

ula

tio

n (

K)

.

FLECHT-SEASETNEPTUNATLASLOFTSemiscalePKLCCTF

Bias

y1 = x + 35.32

One-side 95% bound

y = y1 + 86.14


Code Accuracy

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0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

S team flo w rate (kg/sec)

Byp

ass Fraction . RELAP5

Data


Code Validation – ECC Bypass (MIDAS)

1879

I.D. 408, t8

Bottom of Pipe

Base Elevation = 0.0 mmBase Elevation = 0.0 mmBase Elevation = 0.0 mmBase Elevation = 0.0 mm(Reference Elevation=0.0 )

1387.8

3926

16", sch20SI.D. 390.6mm

195

370

16"

16"

I.D. 720

522.

1439.5

1840.5

1202

1872

300

660

4121

4491 (

LT-D

U-02)

2851

(LT-D

U-0117F)

426

2109

Pressure Tap

DVI Nozzle : KNGR Full Height

DVI Nozzle : KNGR Linear Height

KNGRColdleg 1~3, Broken ColdlegHotlegs

I.D. 938.7, t10

O.D. 834.8, t22

0o

90o

180o

270o

Coldleg-2 Coldleg-3

Coldleg-1

Hotleg-2Hotleg-1

B.L.

90o270o

180o

0o

Level=4491

Level=6972(from base Level)

Level=1582.8

Level=195

Level =717(from base Level)

Level=9081(from base Level)

R685(20o)

R60

9(70

o )

V160 V150

J143

V20 0

V140_01

J562V932 (SI)

V495

V496

V395

V396

943(C/L)

942(C/L) 48 5

48 6

941(C/L)386

998(Drain to Co re)

99 7(Separator)

999(steam)

996(liquid)

958_01

958_05

V180_01

V130_01

J560 V932(SI)

V170_01

J144

J145

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Code Validation – ECC Bypass (VAPER)

ACCUM

SNGVOL

Atm

High KLow K

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Dis

charg

e F

low

rate

, kg/s

Time, sec

Test-II(b)-C-H-1

FD-II(b)-C-H-1

FD-II(b)-C-H-2

FD-II(b)-C-H-3

FD-II(b)-C-H-4

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� Validation results (PCT Behavior)

� Code results are well predict test results


Code Validation – Overall LBLOCA Behavior (ATLAS)

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� Current status : Modification of RELAP5 and V&V

� On-going plan : Development of new T/H code named SPACE

(Safety and Performance Analysis CodE)


Code Development

RELAP5 SPACE

Language Fortran C++

# of fields 2 (Liq., Vap.) 3(Liq., Vap., Drop.)

Dimensions 1 3

Mesh Structured Structured/Unstructured

� Completion of developmental V&V : June 2012

� SPACE 2.0 : Dec. 2012

� Licensing : 2013 ~ 2015

� NPP application : 2015 ~

3D Collocated Mesh3D Collocated Mesh

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� Example of SPACE code validation

� ATLAS SBLOCA: 6-inch in APR1400

Code Development


PressurePressure

Water LevelWater Level

PCTPCT

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� Independent modeling of 2 hot-legs and 4 cold-legs

� Core : Two T/H channel (hot and average)

� Downcomer : 6 DC channel


Plant analysis – APR1400 noding

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Peak cladding temperature Oxidation rate Hydrogen generation


Plant analysis – Uncertainty quantification

Summary

� RELAP5/MOD3.3-KREM code has been developed� The code is validated using various test facilities� The code uncertainty is quantified� Therefore, APR1400 SIS design satisfies Criteria 4.2 RD&D

requirements

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4. Summary

� INPRO UR4.2 “RD&D for understanding” is evaluated for APR1400 safety injection system

�For the advanced design features in SIS (DVI, FD), following RD&D has been performed during APR1400 development� Technical issues and scope definition

� SET and IET with appropriate scaling

� Full scale test for FD

� Code validation

� Uncertainty quantification and best estimate safety analysis

�For the other advanced design features, similar RD&D has been performed

�APR1400 design satisfies INPRO UR4.2 RD&D for understanding

design characteristics of apr1400 safety injection system ... 2... · vienna, november 19-22, 2013...

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