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A designers guideto the specification of fasteners


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A designers guide to the specification of fasteners

Contents page

Introduction of SFS intec 3

Introduction to the principal functions of fasteners 6

Section 1 - Durability 71.1 Fastener material 7

1.2 The problem 8

1.3 Types of corrosion 9

1.4 Limitations of coated carbon steel 10

1.5 Types of stainless steel 11

1.5.1 Other types of stainless fasteners 12

1.6 Carbon or stainless? Selection considerations 131.6.1 System materials 14

1.6.2 Design life requirements 15

1.6.3 External environment 17

1.6.4 Internal environment (building use) / summery 18

1.7 Guide to fastener material selection table 19

1.8 Stainless steel product range 20

Section 2 - Weathertightness 212.1 The problem 21

2.2 The SFS solution 22

2.3 Specialist fastener designs 23

Section 3 - Aesthetics 253.1 The problem 25

3.2 The SFS solution 26

3.3 Low-profile aesthetic head 26

3.4 Aesthetics with security 26

Section 4 - Structural performance 274.1 Structural performance of fasteners 27

- 4.10 Structural performance of fasteners 27

4.12 Tooling 30

Section 5 - Summary 315.1 Solutions to the four principal functions 315.2 Model specification sheets 32

5.3 Specification support information - Internet - welcome by SFS intec 33

Section 6 - Project referrals (worldwide) 37


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Introduction to SFS intec

The SFS Group of companies, which has its headquarters in Heerbrugg, Switzerland, is one of the world'sleading developers, manufacturers and suppliers of mechanical fastening systems, high-precision compo-

nents and system products for a variety of technical industries.

Backed by the extensive resources of a successful international group, SFS intec sales and marketing supportlocations in Europe, North America, Near-Far East and China, can offer architects, designers, consulting engi-neers and contractors a proven commitment to product, quality and innovative ideas.

Innovative solutions to benefit everyone - from architect through toclient.As building design moves forward, architects, designers, and contrac-tors face new challenges and new problems - which mustbe met with innovative product solutions. At SFS intec we aim to meet -and exceed - your expectations of product performance through con-stant research and development into practical, effective fasteners and airsealing solutions. Through our close relationship with testing institutes,

research laboratories and manufacturers of roofing and cladding sys-tems, plus our own in-house research into metallurgy, drill technologyand corrosion testing, we are able to bring you the most technologicallyadvanced solutions to todays market needs.

SFS intec as a manufacturer.A single global total quality management system ensures a uniformquality standard wherever the parts may be produced.Our state-of-the-art production in ten facilities located in Europe andNorth America focus on producing high quality products and providingcontinuous availability.

Your local global partnerWith over 20 sales and marketing support locations and a distribution

and service network in Europe, North America, Near-Far East and China,

SFS intec ensures the continuous availability of products and services.

Developer

Manufacturer

Supplier


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Industrial / pitched roof and siding construction is subject to rapid technical change. Attaching structural com-ponents to roofing and siding imposes a wide range of demands: for example, sub-structures of thin cold-

formed sections or thick hot rolled steel-sections, tightness, mechanical reliability of the fastening, protectionagainst corrosion and visual (aesthetic) impact. SFS intec has made it its business to provide comprehensiveservices to fulfil all the user's requirements for attaching structural components to roofing and siding usingfastening systems with a technological lead.

SFS intec's comprehensive products and services at a glance

This trade mark stands for the highest quality!


Systematic collection of application needs worldwide.New cost and energy-saving structural elements call for new fasteningsolutions. Discussions with customers are the starting point for eco-nomical and reliable application solutions suitable for use in practice.

New solutions, implemented rapidly and preciselyThe new solution is produced on schedule in the company's ownmanufacturing facilities.

Total customer care.From establishing requirements to utilisation on the job site bycompetent specialists.

You can depend on it.

The high quality standards expected of our products and services areguaranteed by fully integrated quality control.It goes without saying that SFS intec fasteners have been awardedthe requisite approvals and test certificates by national andinternational testing institutions.


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Local availability, fast and reliable.

The daily goal of our logistics specialists is perfect delivery service tocustomers from our local stocks, throughout the world.


Decades of experience, proven millions of times, worldwide.Our customers and partners place their confidence in us on the basis

of our technological leadership, quality standards and expert

applications advice.

Customised systems offerings from a single source.In order to simplify the completion of projects for customers, we offer

them further products in addition to our core competence in fastening

technology.

Training on the job site. We train your personnel on-site.We guarantee tool service. These ensure of consistency of

installation quality and efficiency, right from start up.

SFS intec's comprehensive products and services at a glance


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Introduction

The specification of the fastener, despite being such a small component, is critical if the roofing and claddingsystem is to perform its required function throughout the full term of the systems service and design life.

The specification of the fastener needs, therefore, to be addressed at the design stage of a project.This guide addresses the four principal functions of fasteners, namely;

Durability

Weathertightness

Aesthetics

Structural performance

Each particular application will need the fastener to comply with at least two or three of these functions andoften will need all four. Failure of the fastener to satisfy these functions may lead to the inevitable, and some-times catastrophic, failure of the system or, at the very least, very costly remedial works. This guide will giveyou the information you need to be able to specify fasteners so as to minimise the risk of roof failure.


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Threaded fasteners for roofing and cladding systems are available in the market place in a range of materials,

most commonly:

Carbon steel As carbon steel would rapidly corrode on exposure to humidity, fasteners in this(coated) material exposure to humidity, fasteners in this material are supplied with some

form of protective coating, typically metallic or organic, or a combination of the two.

Stainless steel For increased durability, fasteners are also supplied in stainless steel of variousgrades. The relative merits of the different grades are discussed later in this guide.

Aluminium Aluminium offers enhanced durability over coated carbon steel, however, due to itssoftness, it is unable to drill or threadform into steel sheets or supports, and is

therefore restricted to securing aluminium sheets to timber supports and some limit

ed applications of aluminium to aluminium.

Principal functions of fasteners Section 1 - Durability

1.1 - Fastener material

Durability


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Corrosion of the Staining of claddinghead and washer Reduction in pullover performance

Potential leakage Increased maintenance Aesthetics

Corrosion Reduction in tensile performanceof the shank Reduction in shear performance

Reduction in pullout values Staining of interior surfaces Safety risk Fouling

Hidden Whilst corrosion of exposed heads on thecorrosion external face of the building and corrosion of the

visible shank inside the building are both easilyidentified, what is considered a much greatersecurity risk is corrosion of the fastener withinthe roofing and cladding construction. This mayonly manifest itself upon ultimate failure of thefastener, which would result in partial, and poten-tially total, detachment of the system


Corrosion of fastener head

Hidden corrosion of fastener shank

1.2 - The problem

Corrosion of fasteners for roofing and cladding will result in a number of problems and, if allowed to progress,ultimate failure of the system will occur.


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Generalised corrosion (oxygen type)

Plain and low alloy steels containing less than 13% chromiumcorrode in neutral water and in humid atmospheres, resultingin an almost uniform surface loss.

The water film permits electrolytic reactions to develop on thesteel surface, leading to progressive corrosion. The rate of cor-rosion rapidly increases in the presence of other pollutants and

raised humidity levels.

Galvanic corrosion (hydrogen type)

Where two different metals of equal surface area are in con-tact in the presence of an electrolyte (moisture), an electricalcurrent is formed and the less noble metal migrates and dis-solves into the solution. Galvanic corrosion is also used forcorrosion prevention where a less noble metal (anode) i.e.zinc, is used to protect the cathode, carbon steel. However,where the coating is damaged its protective effect diminishes.Surface coatings on carbon steel fasteners are inevitablydamaged during installation.

Biochemical corrosion

Metals are dissolved in acids and caustic solutions of differentstrengths - this is called chemical corrosion, which developsbecause metals tend to combine with oxygen to form oxides.This tendency is all the stronger the less noble the metal.The acids that attack fasteners often come from the atmos-phere e.g. sulphuric acid, resulting from sulphur dioxide emis-sions from burning fossil fuels, is found in urban and industrialenvironments; nitric oxides, chlorine, hydrogen chloride, formicacid, acetic acid etc., are found in the vicinity of correspondingindustrial plants; chloride and sodium chloride in particular, arecommon atmospheric pollutants in coastal regions.

Aeration cell corrosion

An oxygen deficiency can develop in damp thermal insulation,in laps of sheets where moisture is trapped and in other situa-tions where moisture is trapped and pollutants can gather. Thearea of restricted oxygen supply becomes the anode and cor-rosion will result, even in non-polluted areas of high pH value.A lower pH value i.e. where other pollutants are present, willincrease the corrosion rate.


1.3 - Types of corrosion

There are many types of corrosion, however the types relevant to (coated) carbon steel fasteners aresummarised below.


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Carbon steel rapidly corrodes upon exposure to humidity and pollut-ed environments

Surface coatings with excellent corrosion resistance can therefore beapplied to prolong a fasteners life but they will only slow down thecorrosion process

The effectiveness of these coatings can only be gauged after consid-ering the condition of the coating once the fastener has beenapplied within the construction

These corrosion resistant coatings tend to have poor abrasion resist-ance

Coatings on fasteners incorporated within all types of metal pitchedroofing systems will inevitably be damaged during installation as the

major portion of the shank penetrates the metal sheet and purlin.

These pitched roofing systems include:-

Composite - both factory and site-assembled Liner panel systems Liner tray systems Secret fix systems Single skin systems Over-roof systems

New flat roofing constructions (insulation and weatherproofinglayer over a deck): There is usually an insignificant risk of coating dam-age, however:

Refurbishment and overlay: There is a higher risk of damage to thecoating as it passes through abrasive materials (chippings) within theoriginal construction.

Fasteners must have at least an equal life to the proposed roofsystem

Coating damage reduces fastener life Corrosion leads to reduction in technical performance Corrosion leads to potential water ingress Corrosion leads to loss of aesthetic value of both the fastener and

associated materials

Coated carbon steel may be adequate for some less onerous applica-tions, but consider what results from a subsequent change inbuilding use to more aggressive internal conditions

Corrosion of fasteners may lead to high consequential damage costs,high disruption costs and expensive remedial work


Coated carbon steel corrosion in apitched roofing fastener

Coated carbon steel corrosion in a flatroofing fastener

1.4 - Limitations of coated carbon steel

Will coated carbon steel satisfy all your requirements?


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Rusting is regarded by many as a process which is not applicable tostainless steel - this is however incorrect. Stainless steel is a generic

term covering over 200 different types of alloy which all, to varyingdegrees, stain less than carbon steel. Stainless steels can be classifiedinto three main groups:-

Ferritic Contains at least 12% chromium Lower ductility than austenitic grades Cannot be hardened Susceptible to brittleness.

Therefore, ferritic stainless is unsuitable for the manufacture ofroofing and cladding fasteners

Martensitic (Typically AISI 410)

Contains the minimum chromium content -11% Poor corrosion resistance Susceptible to stress corrosion Can be hardened (at the further expense of stress corrosion resist-

ance) High thermal conductivity - as carbon steel Magnetic

Therefore, martensitic stainless is not considered suitable for roof-ing and cladding fasteners

Austenitic (Typically AISI - 300 series) Contains at least 17% chromium Contains at least 8% nickel

Molybdenum can also be added for extra corrosion resistance Non-hardenable *Note 1 Non-magnetic *Note 2 Low thermal conductivity, 25% of martensitic and carbon steel Best known grades are 304 and 316 Excellent corrosion resistance *Note 3

Therefore, austenitic is the onlytype of stainless steel recommend-ed for roofing and cladding fasteners

* Note 1: The threadrolling process hardens the threads sufficiently to threadformbut not enough for self drilling into steel purlins and rails. There are special tech-niques which incorporate a heat treated (hardened) carbon drillpoint to be joined toan austenitic stainless fastener to allow self drilling. It is vital that, once installed, allthreads within and above the purlin line are austenitic stainless steel.

* Note 2: Extreme cold forming of austenitic stainless steel wire can impart a smalldegree of residual magnetism without affecting the material properties.

* Note 3: Some grades of austenitic are susceptible to chlorine induced stress corro-sion cracking. Therefore, caution is required where the application is exposed tochlorine and condensation risk together with low pH values. Where these conditionspresent themselves, fasteners in this material should not be used in safety-criticalapplications i.e. where a failure may result in risk of personal injury.In such circumstances, it is unlikely that coated carbon steel fasteners would be lessprone to failure due to their high corrosion potential.


SX austenitic stainless self-drilling fas-tener with irius drive

1.5 - Types of stainless steel


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Austenitic is the only type of stainless steel recommended by BritishStandards for roofing and cladding fasteners. Because of the high tech-

nological investment required for the manufacture of austenitic self-drilling fasteners, alternative materials have been introduced by somedistributors claiming a performance comparable to austenitic grades.Independent tests have highlighted fundamental weaknesses withthese alternative stainless products:

Nitrided stainless fastenersThere is a process available which hardens austenitic stainless steel fas-teners sufficiently to enable them to self-drill mild steel without theneed to incorporate a heat treated (hardened) carbon steel drillpoint.(Refer to Note 1 on the previous page).

This process results in chromium being withdrawn from the surface ofthe parent austenitic structure and therefore the base material loses its

ability to form its passive protective layer and thus the fastener hasreduced corrosion resistance.

To reinstate corrosion protection, the fasteners may then be coatedwith, typically, an organic material. It is this surface coating that providesthe principal corrosion protection and (as described in Section 1.3,Limitations of coated carbon steel) the coating would inevitably bedamaged during fastener installation and would, therefore, provide onlytemporary corrosion protection.

Modified martensitic stainless fastenersWhilst martensitic grades of stainless steel fasteners with only 11%chromium are known to have poor corrosion resistance, their corrosionperformance may be improved by modification of the material involving

changing the element mix of their formulation and applying certain man-ufacturing techniques.

One such manufacturing technique involves hardening the surface of thefasteners to enable them to self-drill mild steel without the need for ahardened carbon steel drillpoint. The technique gives the fasteners ahard and smooth (polished) surface.

With production and installation limitations, a consistently high qualityfinish has been shown to be difficult to maintain and visible corrosionhas been evident under accelerated Kesternich and Saltspray testingand also under normal weathering conditions. These fasteners areknown to have a hard surface (550HV) and any surface corrosion canlead to the added risk of hydrogen-induced stress cracking and brittle-

ness in such hard materials. The accelerated tests, such as Kesternichand saltspray, are not relevant to this type of corrosion.

Fasteners of such hard materials are not recommended for use in load-bearing applications in Japan.

Modified martensitic stainless steel fasteners are new to the world mar-ket and do not have the benefit of real life in-situ exposure over pro-longed periods.

Austenitic stainless steel fasteners, such as grades 304 and 316,have been proven over a period exceeding 40 years in applicationsworldwide. Austenitic is the only type of stainless recommended.


Corrosion of nitrided stainless

Corrosion of modified marstenitic

Crevice corrosion of modifiedmarstenitic

Stress corrosion cracking on modifiedmarstenitic

1.5 - Other types of stainless fasteners


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1.6 - Carbon or stainless? Selection considerations


In order that a designer or specifier can make the appropriate selection of fastener material, the following con-siderations must be addressed.

1.6 a) System materials1.6 b) Design life requirements1.6 c) External environment1.6 d) Internal environment (building use)1.6 e) Warranty requirements

These considerations have been tabulated under section 1.7 to assist in fastener material selection


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1.6.1 - System materials

In the selection of the fastener material in pitched roofing and cladding systems, compatibility with boththe purlin and sheet material should be considered.Typical materials may include:

Stainless steelCoated mild steelAluminiumFibre cementPlastics (GRP, PVC, Polycarbonate)Timber

In flat roofing systems it is generally the compatibility with the deck material that has a direct influence onthe fastener selection.Decks are typically:Coated mild steelAluminiumTimberConcrete

Summary:It is the industry practice always to use austenitic stainless steel fasteners in combination with aluminium andstainless steel system materials i.e. sheets, decks and purlins.Coated carbon steel fasteners could be considered when incorporated in conjunction with all the other sys-tem materials subject to their suitability relative to the remaining considerations I.6 b), c), d) and e).



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1.6.2 - Design life requirement

What is the intended design life of the proposed building and individual components or assemblies asrequired and defined by the client (or his agent)?

Refer to Tables 1 and 2 from the British Standard BS 7543:1992 for guidance

Guide to: Durability of buildings and building elements, productsand components.


Table 1. Categories of design life for buildings

Agreed period up to10 years.

Non-permanent site huts andtemporary exhibition buildings.

Temporary classrooms; buildings forshort life industrial processes; officeinternal refurbishment, retail andwarehouse buildings: (see note 1).

Most industrial buildings; housingrefurbishment.

New health and educational buildings;new housing and high qualityrefurbishment of public buildings.

Civic and other high quality buildings.

1

Category Description Building life Examplesfor category

2

3

4

5

Note 1. Specific periods may be determined for particular buildings in any of categories 2 to5, provided they do not exceed the period suggested for the next category below on the table;for example many retail and warehouse buildings are designed to have a service life of 20years.

Note 2. Buildings may include replaceable and maintainable components (see Table 1.)

Table 2. Categories of design life for components or assemblies

Shorter life than thebuilding life and replace-ment can be envisagedat design stage.

Will last with periodictreatment for the life ofthe building.

Will last for the life ofthe building.

Most floor finishes and service installationcomponents.

Most external claddings, doors and win-dows.

Foundations and main structural elements.

1

Category Description Life Typical examples

2

3

Temporary

Short Life

Medium Life

Normal Life

Long Life

Minimum period30 years.



Replaceable

Maintainable

Lifelong



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1.6.2 - Design life requirement (continued)

Most industrial buildings to which these roofing and cladding systems are applied fall within the medium lifecategory Table 1 minimum 30 years.

Question 1: Can fasteners be classed as replaceable - Category 1 Table 2?

Non exposed fasteners can only be accessed by removal of the external weathering sheet e.g. single plymembrane, liner panel and tray assemblies, secret fix systems.

In some cases the weathering sheet, once removed, would require total renewal rather than replacement.

Installing new fasteners, both exposed and non-exposed, into existing holes from which corroded fastenershave been taken would result in very much reduced pull-out values and security risk, unless an increaseddiameter fastener is used.

Composite panel fasteners have enlarged threads under the head to support the outer skin. As the sheetmay have suffered damage and corrosion, simply installing a new fastener into the existing hole may not pro-vide the required support, thus leading to a water ingress risk.

With some systems there would be other practical difficulties in removing and installing new fasteners.Answer 1: - NO, fasteners cannot be classed as replaceable.

Question 2: Can fasteners be classed as maintainable- Category 2 Table 2?

Internal fasteners cannot be maintained or recoated in situ.

Exposed fasteners may have their visible parts recoated but this should not be regarded as acceptable atthe design stage of a project. Furthermore, applying a coating to the head, as well as being in most casesaesthetically unacceptable, would provide no additional protection to the concealed shank which may also besuffering from corrosion.

Answer 2: - NO, fasteners cannot be classed as maintainable.

Fasteners for roofing and cladding systems must therefore be classed as LIFELONG (to the specified

system) as defined in Table 2 - Category 3.

Summary:Fasteners must have at least an equal service life to the particular system they are incorporated within.

Carbon steel fasteners should only be considered for buildings with a design life requirement conforming toCategories 1 and 2 of Table 1 and only limited buildings in Category 3 where a design life expectancy up tomaximum of 30 years is required. All are subject to their suitability relative to the remaining considerations1.6 a), c) and d).

Austenitic stainless steel fasteners should be the automatic choice for buildings with a design life inCategories 4 and 5 and a serious consideration for those in Category 3 where their design life exceeds 10/15

years.



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1.6.3 - External environment

Typical atmospheres may be divided as follows:


For example: The Western European climate is classed as warm temperate with rain in all four seasons.Buildings in Western European therefore are subjected to a wide range of atmospheric conditions which, initself, presents onerous conditions for roofing and cladding systems in terms of resistance to wind, wateringress, U.V. and corrosion.

In addition to the climatic conditions present during each season, the local atmospheric conditions in theimmediate vicinity of the building are more critical in the selection of a durable fastener material.

Marine Up to 2 km from the sea. High levels of chlorideand sodium chloride.

Coastal Between 2 km and 10 km from the sea.

Industrial Atmosphere heavily polluted by sulphur dioxideand other pollutants, typically nitric oxides,chlorine, hydrogen chloride, formic acid, aceticacid, all in the vicinity of corresponding industrialplants.

Urban Densely populated area, polluted by sulphur dioxide.

Rural Mostly small towns and villages generally freefrom atmospheric pollution conducive tocorrosion.

Note: Very often these different types of atmosphere overlap, thus presenting an even more aggressiveexternal environment for both the cladding system and the fastener. For example, there are many marineand coastal areas which are densely industrialised.

Summary:

Clearly it is not easy to define precisely where coated carbon steel fasteners are suitable and where they are

not. However, it is for certain that coated carbon steel fasteners will corrode when exposed to any of theseatmospheres and the corrosion rate increases as you move up the table.

Austenitic stainless steel is durable in all these atmospheres and should always be specified in marine appli-cations and would be, in many cases, the correct choice in most coastal and industrial atmospheres.


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In many applications where fasteners are incorporated within a roofingand cladding system, the internal environment (building use) is non-

aggressive and, with the appropriate levels of insulation and vapour con-trol, the build-up of moisture and pollutants within the system resultingfrom internal processes would be at such a low level so as not to pres-ent a corrosion risk to coated carbon steel fasteners.

However, some building uses and processes can, and do, present veryaggressive conditions for the fastener. Therefore, building use is oneof the primary considerations in order to determine the correct fastenerchoice between coated carbon and stainless steel.

Building uses which potentially present corrosive internal environmentswithin the roofing and cladding system and therefore demand thataustenitic stainless is specified, for both external and internal fasteners,include:-

Leisure industry: Stadia roofs and cladding, Swimming pools,Sports centresTransport industry: Airport buildings, Ferry buildings,Dockland buildings, Rail facilities, Canopies and covered walkwaysWater industry: Sewage treatment works, Water treatment works,Pumping stationsPower industry: Flue gas desulphurisation units (F.G.D.), Boiler houses,Aircool condenser buildingsManufacturing: Paper, Pharmaceutical, Chemical/Petrochemical,Foundries, Brick, block and masonry products, Tobacco, Brewing, Textile,Food and drink

Typical building uses where coated carbon steel has been shown to per-form adequately and can be considered where there is a design life

expectancy requirement of up to a maximum of 30 years include:-

RetailDistributionManufacturing: Assembly, Windows and doors, Automotive,White goods, Metal processing

There are some building uses which, even though the internalenvironment is non-aggressive, demand that austenitic stainless steelfasteners be considered. These include buildings where there are goodsof very high value, buildings where hygiene is of paramount importance,and buildings which house sensitive equipment. Any water ingress dueto fastener corrosion or failure would be very disruptive and it would bevery expensive to repair or replace the goods or equipment.

Austenitic stainless fasteners should therefore be specified on buildingswhich house the following equipment;

Electronics Computer equipmentHygiene Food processingHigh value goods


Leisure industry

Transport industry

Manufacturing industry

1.6.4 - Internal environment - (building use)

Summary

The sections 1.1 - 1.6 of this guide have drawn to the attention of the designer and specifier the problemsrelating to fastener durability and explained all the detailed considerations that must be made in order that

the correct fastener material can be specified.The table below has been designed to assist the specifier in the selection of the most appropriate fastenermaterial for each individual project.


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Fastenermaterial


EnvironmentFunctional lifeexpectancy of

fastener

Sheet/deck material ( see note 1 )

Internal External Aluminium

Coated steel Stainless steelGRP/PVC

fibrecement

Urban/Rural

Industrial

Coastal/Marine

Urban/Rural

Industrial

Coastal/Marine

Urban/Rural

Industrial

Coastal/Marine

10/20 15/25

15/20 15/20

-

10/15

10

-

30+

30+

30+

OOOOOO

C

CC

OOOOOO

C

CC

Coated carbonsteel with integralcolour head

Dry/Low

Humidity

High

Humidity

Austenitic

stainlesssteel

All

Conditions

Recommended

Not recommended

Unsuitable O

Check with manufacturer regarding suitability C

Key

Note 1 - This table gives guidance on the selection and functional life expectancy of the exposed fastener invarious sheet materials. Consult with the sheet manufacturer regarding the most appropriate sheet materialand coating system and its functional life in the particular environment.

Note 2 - For carbon steel fasteners which are non-exposed to the external environment the functional lifewould be similar to those tabled above for carbon steel with integral colour head.

1.7 - Guide to fastener material selection

Exposed fasteners - see note 2 for non-exposed fasteners


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Having identified the need for fasteners offering increased durability than that associated with coated carbonsteel, SFS intec has developed a wide range of austenitic stainless steel fasteners to cover virtually all the

roofing and cladding systems available worldwide.

The ranges indicated on this page (opposite), represents a selection of austenitic stainless steel fastenersfrom SFS intec appropriate to the principal roofing and cladding systems. There are many other types availableand, for fasteners specific to your application detail, please contact SFS intec.

The SX range of self-drilling fasteners is manufactured from Grade 304 austenitic stainless steel and isdesigned for the various pitched roofing and cladding systems available.

The isofast S range of fasteners is designed for flat roofing applications to secure insulation and weather-proofing membrane to decks and, in recognition of the potentially higher corrosion risk, is manufactured fromGrade 316 austenitic stainless steel.

1.8 - SFS intec austenitic stainless steel product range

Corrosion resistant fasteners in austenitic chrome-nickel steels provide the only reliable way of funda-mentallyavoiding the corrision problem.

Washer if required

SX3-L12 S19

S19

S19

S16 S16

S16

S16

S16

S16

- - - -

- -

- -

- -

- -

S16 6,3xL

6,0xL

4,8xL

5,5xL

5,5xL

5,5xL

5,5xL

6,5x50

5,5x22S14 S14

SX6-L12

SX14-L12

SXW-L12

SXL2-L12

SX3-D12

IR2-S

SDK2-S

TDB-S

Roof Wall


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Principal functions of fasteners Section 2 - Weathertightness

Temperature range

Water

Acids

Alkalis

Ozone

General weathering

U.V. rays

Ageing

Abrasion and splitting

Overdriving

Oblique and non perpendicular driving

Pullover failure

Washer must seal hole in weather skin

Poor washer design

2.1 - The problem

Weathe

rtightness

Exposed fasteners i.e, those which penetrate the external weathering sheet, have to seal the penetration inthe sheet for the design-life of the roofing and cladding system.

Exposed fasteners are therefore supplied with a sealing element or washer.The design of the washer, and in some applications, the design of the fastener itself at the sheet interface, istherefore critical to ensure long-term performance compatible with the rest of the system. The total washerdesign must be resistant to the following:


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Sealing elementAll SFS intec washers have an EPDM elastomer as the sealing element.An elastomer is a material which can be repeatedly stretched to at leasttwice its original length and will then return to its original length immedi-ately the tensile load is released. Due to its overall weathering resist-ance, EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer) has become anestablished material within the fastener and building industry and hasbecome an ideal substitute for neoprene whose weaknesses includeresistance to general weathering, ultra-violet radiation, ozone, water,temperature as well as ageing.

The thickness and hardness of the EPDM is designed relative to the fas-tener type and the washer diameter.

Metal backingTo ensure the EPDM sealing element compresses evenly against boththe flat sheet surface and the fastener shank, the EPDM is vulcanisedto a metal backing washer. Merely glueing would risk the EPDM becom-ing detached as the fastener is tightened. A problem with loose sealingelements is clearly illustrated on the previous page where, for a numberof reasons associated with inadequate fastener design, the sealing ele-ment has extruded beyond the head of the fastener and has beendestroyed with the result that the seal will no longer be effective. Thismetal backing, which may be either galvanised steel, austenitic stainlesssteel, or aluminium, depending upon its durability requirements, is coni-cally shaped and of a thickness such that it provides high resistance tooverdriving and deformation.

DiametersSFS intec sealing washers vary in diameter from, typically, 12 mm to29 mm. For primary valley fixing of metal roof profiles 19mm is normallyrecommended. 29 mm washers are used for primary fixing of plastic

rooflight profiles and the smaller diameters are normally recommendedfor the primary fixing of walling profiles and also most secondary appli-cations such as sidelap stitching and flashings.


SFS intec vulcanised EPDM washers

Total sealing with SFS washers

washer 19 mm washer 12 - 16 mm

2.2 - The SFS solution

SFS intec has considered all the various performance requirements of the washer, in conjunction with the fas-tener design relative to the particular type of roofing system, and has engineered washer systems to provide

long-term security compatible with the fastener and the material being fastened.


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Composite panel fasteners

Trapezoidal metal profiles, in single skin form, or as part of a site assem-bled built-up(liner panel) system, are normally valley fixed to either thepurlin or the spacer section, whichever is applicable. This is referred toas direct fixing, i.e. between the sheet and its support there is nocompressible material which could, in service, become further com-pressed and thus break the seal. However, composite panels, by theirvery nature, have a non-rigid section (the insulation core) between theirexternal skin and the purlin. Therefore, to provide long-term compres-sion and sealing of the washer, composite panel fasteners are designedwith a dual thread. The lower threads which drill and thread into thepurlin are typically 5.5mm diameter. At the washer end of the fastenerthere is a secondary threaded section of an increased diameter,designed to engage in, and support, the outer skin of the panel, andthus provide permanent compression forces against the washer. The top

thread should be designed so that it will continue to support the exter-nal skin against all positive applied loadings, including snow loads, andthe concentrated dynamic load imparted by foot-traffic. With the appro-priate safety factor, the top thread should therefore support a load of1.26kN concentrated on the panel around the fastener. A test that couldbe adopted is defined in BS 5427: Part 1: 1996, Code of practice for: Theuse of profiled sheet for roof and wall cladding on buildings. Annex A,Clauses A.4.3 & A.5.c. To conform to this criteria all SFS intec compositepanel fasteners have top threads of a minimum 7mm diameter for steelfacings.

SFS intec includes a further feature on these specialist fasteners.Immediately below and behind the washer there is a thread-free zonewhich ensures support, and therefore a long-term weathertight seal is

given even when fasteners are overdriven, or in conditions where thefastener has to be further tightened in order to draw the panel and thepurlin together.


Sheet support and thread-free sectionson SFS intec composite panel fasteners

2.3 - Specialist fastener designs to ensure weathertightness


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2.3 - Specialist fastener designs to ensure weathertightness


Thread free zone for weathertightclamping on SFS intec stitching fasteners

Stitching fasteners

Stitching fasteners are purpose-designed to clamp thin materials together (e.g. sidelaps of profiled metalsheets) and for fixing flashings and closures to profiled metal sheets and to themselves. Use of inappropriatefasteners may lead to threadstripping (overtorque) in which case, not only is weathertightness eliminated, butalso the structural performance of the fastener is lost and components may become detached. Stitching fas-teners, designed and manufactured by SFS intec, incorporate three main features to ensure structural per-formance and weathertightness;

Reduced diameter drillpoint - high pullout values.

SFS intec washer - thicker and softer than on primary fasteners to ensure a seal over a range of applicationthicknesses.

Thread-free (free-spin) zone - to draw and clamp the materials together and to eliminate any weathertight-ness risk associated with over-driving.


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During the mid 1970s, the market share for colour-coated cladding mate-rials increased in the industrial building sector, and today colour-coated

cladding represents over 90% of the total market.

Colour-coated materials are also used in cladding non-industrial buildingssuch as schools, hospitals, transport-related buildings, commercial build-ings and high-rise accommodation.

The range of shapes to which these coloured materials can be formedhas given the architect much freedom of design, and great attention ispaid to construction details and interfaces. Designers are also usingcolour to create aesthetic appeal and impact to support their clients cor-porate image.

Where visible fasteners are used to secure these coloured materials itis, virtually without exception, desirable that the fastener head is perma-

nently coloured.

One attempt frequently chosen to obtain this colour match is to simplypush on a plastic colour cap. However, there are many potential prob-lems with this option:-

1. Caps missed off2. Caps becoming dislodged3. UV degradation4. Colour stability5. Entrapment of moisture - corrosion staining6. Short lifespan7. Installation time

These are problems for both the contractor, who may have to makereturn visits to replace caps (snagging), and to the building owner whosuffers a loss of aesthetic appeal and image and the expense associatedwith restoring the original finish.

Principal functions of fasteners Section 3 - Aesthetics

Moisture entrapment - accelerated cor-rosion leading to.....

.....rust staining on cladding.......

.....and roofing.

3.1 - The problem

Aesthe

tics


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Where the designer selects a wall cladding profile for its high aestheticappeal, he may also wish the fastening system to be virtually invisibleand thus blend in with the cladding. Raised heads of fasteners, eventhough they may be factory-coloured, may not always meet with thedesigners criteria. In such cases, SFS intec can supply a range oflow-profile headed primary and secondary fasteners which are availablein the lacquered colour form, and will blend in with the cladding toprovide an unobtrusive and pleasing aesthetic appearance.At all SFS intec factories services in Europe, and North America,fasteners can be lacquered to provide a stable, resistant and permanentcolour match offering higher performance than that normally associatedwith a wet cellulose based coating.

SFS intec has introduced a new range of low-profile aesthetic headedlacquered products which has an innovative irius drive system. Thevisible surface of the low-profile head is smooth unlike otherconventional internal drive products which have Torx, Phillips or Pozirecesses. To enable the fastener to be driven, there are concealedteeth to the underside of the low-profile head onto which thespecially configured socket engages. As well as providing an unobtrusiveaesthetic appearance, this new headform also offers the specifier andclient high levels of tamper-resistance and security.

Principal functions of fasteners Section 3 - Aesthetics

SFS intec low profile, aesthetic heads

Innovative irius drive system

3.2 - The SFS solution - Protecting your future

3.4 - Aesthetics with security:irius

drive system

3.3 - Low-profile aesthetic head

Because we all have a duty of care for the long-term performance of a roof,and because you need to be able to depend on the durability, quality, and

performance of the fasteners that secure that roof, SFS has devotedconsiderable resources to developing a complete range of readily availablerust-free fasteners, manufactured from austenitic stainless steel (300series).This is the only grade of stainless material recommended in BS 5427: 1996for use in medium-life construction projects.Due to the complex cold hardening process involved in the manufacture ofthese superior products, austenitic fasteners do cost more than carbonsteel. However on a life-time costing basis this small cost is more thanjustified.


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Failure of sheet through pullout

Apart from durability, weathertightness and aesthetics, a fastenerhas to be capable of withstanding a range of types of loading. The

types of loading are specific to the particular systems and thereforefasteners are designed such as to give optimum performancecompatible with the requirements of the system itself.

Typical structural performance criteria which influence fastener designinclude:-

4.1 Pullout and tensile resistance4.2 Pullover resistance4.3 Dynamic bend resistance4.4 Pushdown resistance4.5 Shear resistance

Principal functions of fasteners Section 4 - Structural performance

4.6 Unwinding4.7 Clamping of the membrane4.8 Over torque4.9 Fastener frequency4.10 Material compatibility

SD and SX drillpoints are designed togive optimum pullout resistance andsecurity

4.1 - Structural performance

This is the ability of a fasteners threaded connection to remain intactand resist axial and tensile loadings.

Self-tapping fasteners require a pilot hole to be pre-drilled prior toinstallation into the steel (or aluminium) supporting section. The pulloutresistance will be directly related to the pilot hole diameter actuallydrilled. Specific thicknesses of support require specific pilot hole

diameters, with the diameter increasing as the thickness of supportincreases. If too large a hole is drilled in a particular support thicknessthen the pullout value is reduced, and the risk of overtorque isincreased. If too small a hole is drilled, then the fastener will requirehigher torque to enable installation. This increased torque may lead toreduced tensile performance of the fastener. Self-tapping fasteners aretherefore entirely dependant on the operative selecting the correct drilldiameter, using a quality non-worn drill, and pre-drilling without wobble,so that the pullout values can be consistently achieved.

Additionally, self-tapping fasteners are relatively slow to install due tothe dual operation and the need for two tools. This may thereforeincrease the duration (and cost) of construction programmes because alonger period of time will be required before the roof is made weather-

tight and following trades are able to continue under cover.

Self-drilling fasteners have been developed and are available for themajority of applications into metal thicknesses up to 14mm. This type offastener is manufactured with its own integral drillpoint which isengineered to drill and facilitate efficient threadforming into pre-determined metal thicknesses, resulting in optimum pullout values withnone of the risks associated with self-tappers. SFS intec designatesself-drillers with a reference to the drilling capacity, to assist designersand contractors in the correct selection, e.g. SX3..., SX6..., SX14....These fasteners have purpose-designed drillpoints and thread types toenable their use within metals of up to 3mm, 6mm and 14mmrespectively. It can be seen from the diagram opposite that thedrillpoint increases in both diameter and length as the support

thickness increases.

4.2 - Pullout performance

Structu

ralperformance


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This is the ability of the fastener to prevent the sheet material failing bypulling over the head of the fastener - see illustration opposite.

As stated within the preceding Section 2 on Weathertightness,resistance to pullover failure of the sheet is related to the strength anddiameter of the WRS washer.

The illustration not only gives an indication of the high pullout values ofSFS self-drillers, but also shows the extremely high resistance of theSela moulded headform to pullover.


Failure of sheet through pullover

ECCS repetitive bending tests onSFS intec composite panel fasteners

Sheet support and thread-free sec-tions on SFS composite panel fas-teners

4.3 - Pullover performance

4.4 - Dynamic bend resistance

4.5 - Pushdown resistance

Long fasteners used to secure composite panels and also fibre cementsheets i.e. where the head is spaced off the support, tend to besubjected to bending forces.In the case of composites, these bendingforces tend to be dynamic and repetitive. The forces are generated bythe deflections and thermal movements of the panels and bending ofthe fastener is generally greater in hot-rolled support sections, whichtend to be less flexible, than in thinner cold-rolled sections. There is anindustry test method for such fasteners defined in the EuropeanConvention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS) Document No66,Preliminary European Recommendations for Sandwich Panels, Part 1 -Design, and manufacturers of composite panel fasteners are thereforerequired to accommodate these bending forces within their designs anddemonstrate compliance with the tests.All SFS intec composite panelfasteners, SXC and SDT product groups, comply with these

requirements.

As described with Section 2 on Weathertightness, composite panelfasteners have a secondary thread of increased diameter immediatelyunder the washer. This thread must be designed to resist theconcentrated loadings as defined in BS 5427: Part 1: 1996 Code of

practice for the use of profiled sheet for roof and wall cladding onbuildings, Annex A Clauses A.4.3.& A.5.c. The SFS intec SXC and SDTproduct groups for composite panel fasteners meet these loadingrequirements as well as providing the additional weatherabilityperformance offered by the thread-free zone.


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In some applications fasteners are subjected to a direct shear loading.SFS intec publishes documentation which gives the ultimate shear

failure value of the fastener and shows, where applicable, the loading atwhich the materials being fastened are displaced by 3 mm.

This phenomenon is not normally associated with pitched roofingsystems, but has to be designed out on fasteners for securingsingle- ply coverings over metal decks.

As the wind passes over the flexible membrane an eccentric forcepasses through the fastener. The SFS intec isofast system is able toaccommodate these dynamic windloads by nature of its reduceddiameter drillpoint, the tapered lead-in thread section and its shallowthread pitch angle. These features combine to give total threadengagement within the deck and to also provide the optimum pulloutfrom thin, 0.63mm minimum, steel decks.

On seam-fastened single-ply membranes, the washer or stress plate isdesigned to resist any sidewards movement of the membrane whichcould ultimately lead to tearing of the membrane, followed by failure.SFS intec can offer a variety of stress plate designs which, because oftheir high clamping qualities, may allow a 25% increase in fastener safeworking loads in membranes which are classed as reinforced. Adviceshould be sought from the particular membrane supplier to ensure theproposed fastening system and its permissible loadings are appropriateto their membrane.

Overdriving of fasteners may lead to thread stripping within cold-rolledsections and either thread stripping or heads shearing off the fastenersin hot-rolled sections. Control in driving, and thus the prevention ofovertorque, lies firmly within the control of the installer. Screwgunsshould always be fitted with correctly set depth-locators. Furthermore,SFS intec can supply attachments for screwguns which can ensurecorrect and consistent setting, as well as increasing the speed ofinstallation. Section 4.10 below illustrates a selection of the toolingsystems available from SFS intec.

Recognising the greater risk of overdriving when fastening into thinmaterials, SFS intec has developed a new concept in fastening,illustrated opposite, to ensure the operative cannot overtorque thefastener.


SFS intec isofast system for high clamp-ing of membranes

SFS intec isofast drillpoint and thread-form

SFS intec isofast drillpoint and thread-form

SDK fastener principal to prevent over-torque

4.6 - Shear resistance

4.7 - Unwinding

4.8 - Clamping of the membrane

4.9 - Overtorque


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4.10 - Fastener frequency calculations

SFS intec publishes a wide range of technical performance data on itsfasteners. Generally the values given are the ultimate values. The

engineer would then apply a safety factor appropriate to the particularcountries regulations/standards.

To determine the actual frequency of fasteners, it is necessary that allloading criteria are made available to include windloads.

With this information available, SFS intec can work in close co-operationwith the designer, the system supplier, and the contractor to assist indetermining fastener frequencies.


IF30

IF240

CF40

CF55

CF400

CF400

4.12 - Tooling systems

As noted in 4.8 on the previous page, the risk of overdriving fastenerscan be eliminated by always ensuring screwguns are fitted with correct-ly set depth locators. SFS intec has taken this one step further by devel-oping fastening systems which include purpose-designed tooling specifi-

cally developed for fasteners for the various roofing and cladding assem-blies. These systems help to provide security for the client as well asassisting the contractor in terms of both speed and consistent installa-tion.

Tooling systems include;

IF30 - Semi-automatic system for insulation and membrane to metalIF240 decksCF40 - Semi-automatic system for fibre cementCF55 - Semi-automatic system for composite panelsCF400 - Fully-automatic system for metal sheeting, decking and side

laps

4.11 - Material compatibility

The risk for bi-metallic corrosion between components of differentmetals should be assessed by the Designer.Commentary on corrosion at bimetallic contacts and its alleviation, maybe referred to in order that any risk could be assessed. Considerationmust be made to the relative surface areas of the metals in contact, Toprevent bi-metallic corrosion at the connection, the fastener should beof a material with, at least, the equivalent corrosion resistance to thematerial being fastened into/through. For these reasons austeniticstainless fasteners securing steel or aluminium profiles to galvanisedsteel support sections are considered a suitable combination, whereascarbon steel fasteners are not considered suitable for securingaluminium sheeting. Perhaps the main risk within metal claddingsystems occurs where aluminium profiles are in contact with galvanisedsteel spacers or supports. It is recommended practice, therefore, in

these conditions to apply a separation layer, usually an adhesive tape,over the whole surface of the support component in contact with thealuminium.


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We hope this Guide demonstrates the importance of the appropriate specification and selection of one of thesmallest, if not the smallest, component within the roofing and cladding system.

In the preceding sections, the four principal functions of fasteners have been discussed in detail to enable thedesigner and specifier to consider all the aspects of a project, so that the selection of fasteners can be madeappropriate to the demands relative to the individual project.

Durability

Stainless steel - austenitic, typically of Grade 304 or 316 All threads within and above the supports must be austenitic stainless steel

Weathertightness

EPDM elastomer washer Vulcanised (permanently bonded) to a metal backing Support threads on composite panel fasteners Thread-free zones on composite panel fasteners and stitchers

Aesthetics

Lacquered coated Low profile headform (irius)

Structural

Co-ordinated design Technical documentation Third party and industry approvals Specialist tooling systems Quality assured manufacturing source

Principal functions of fasteners Section 5 - Summary

Summary

5.1 - Below are summarised the solutions to the four principal functions


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5.2 - Model specification sheets

To assist the specifier, SFS intec specification advisors prepare project-related specifications which may thenbe incorporated within the tender documentation. Such specifications may be provided in a format complying

with that adopted by the particular practice, for example, either prescriptive, performance or a specificationformat appropriate to the particular country.


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Security and quality through planning

Every project is different, and with the increasing number of fastenerproducts on the market, and ever more pressure on your time, just howdo you sift through the mass of information available to specify thecorrect fastener?

The answer is to let SFS intec help. Our technical team is geared up toworking with architects, designers, structural engineers and contractorsto provide informed, detailed and reliable specification guidance, rightfrom the planning stages of a project through to completion.And with our technical phone helpline, getting expert advice is noweven quicker and easier than ever before.


5.3 - Specification support information

Taking our cue from your needs

Creating a building is about forging effective partnerships. When work-ing on a project you need to select a fastener supplier who is not only

an expert in the field, but who can also take an overview of the project,understand your requirements, and work with you to solve specificproblems. Through our network of technical advisors, SFS intec main-tains a close partnership with architects, engineers and contractors onbuilding projects worldwide, helping us to stay in touch with yourcommercial needs. This essential dialogue between us and the end-users of our products has triggered many new ideas for fastening sys-tems that solve the problems you commonly encounter.

Advisory service for engineers and architects

During the design phase of a building, complex and sometimesconflicting requirements can place diverse demands on the fastener.SFS intec experienced technical team can help you to resolve fastenerissues during the design stages, working side-by-side with architectsand engineers to ensure that performance requirements are met andthe project proceeds without a hitch.


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Meeting the expectations of a competitive market

As everyone in the building industry knows, building regulations and

techniques are constantly changing, and architects designers andcontractors alike are having to respond to new demands with regard tosafety, energy efficiency, durability and aesthetics. SFS intec isrepresented on the technical committees of industry bodies, so we canensure fastener specifications are able to comply with these changes.We also work in partnership with the leading system suppliers,architectural and engineering practices, and an ever-expanding networkof roofing contractors, so that we are able to pre-empt the changingneeds of the industry. Our continuous investment in research anddevelopment ensures that we are at the forefront of developing newsolutions to meet changing requirements.



Innovative solutions to benefit everyone - from architect through toclient

As building design moves forward, architects, engineers, and contrac-tors face new challenges and new problems which must be met withinnovative product solutions. At SFS intec we aim to meet and exceedyour expectations of product performance through constant researchand development into practical, effective fasteners and fastening sys-tems. Through our close relationship with test houses, research labora-tories and manufacturers of roofing and cladding systems, plus our ownresearch, metallurgy, drill technology and corrosion testing facilities, weare able to bring you the most technologically advanced solutions totodays fastening needs.

Examples include: Purpose-designed austenitic stainless steel self-drilling fasteners Factory-coloured fasteners New concept fasteners for thin metal materials Automatic fastening tooling systems

Long-term partnerships with roofing system suppliersLeading roofing and cladding system manufacturers, are constantlyimproving and developing their products and SFS intec is matchingthese developments with new fastener technologies. Worldwide,SFS intec technical specialists are working in partnership with the lead-ing system manufacturers in roofing and cladding to bring competitive,high-performance fastener solutions to the market. SFS intec productsare endorsed, sometimes exclusively, by many suppliers - testimony toour commitment to a partnership approach, and the creation of practical,customised solutions for today's competitive market.


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Adding value to the project the SFS intec quality guarantee

In this competitive market, clients are always looking for added value,whether it means a higher level of specification, greater longevity of thebuilding, low maintenance or improved performance. Creating thatadded value means being able to rely on even the smallest componentsin the building to support the demand for overall quality.

Recognised worldwide for its commitment to the highest standards ofproduct performance and customer service, SFS intec products andsystems can play an important part in helping you to deliver customersatisfaction.

Throughout the SFS intec organisation, specialised on-going trainingensures that you benefit from an informed, technically aware andexperienced team, at all levels. In terms of production, SFS intec

exacting quality assurance system exceeds international requirements,so you can have complete confidence in the technical values and per-formance specifications of the products you specify and use.



Training and on-site installation

Precision during installation can be the difference between a secure roofor performance problems. To help you eliminate any risk, SFS intecoffers free training in the use of SFS intec on-site fastener installationtools. These semi and fully automated purpose designed tooling sys-

tems are available to ensure every fastener is consistently and securelyinstalled in an ergonomic and economic manner. Whether you requireone of our technical team to carry out training on site, or you prefer tovisit the technical training centre, our expertise is only a phone-callaway.


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5.3a - Internet - welcome to SFS intec

Our Market Organisations:

Czech Republic www.sfsintec.biz/czEstonia www.sfsintec.biz/eeFinnland www.sfsintec.biz/fiFrance www.sfsintec.biz/frGermany www.sfsintec.biz/deGreat Britain www.sfsintec.biz/uk

Hungary www.sfsintec.biz/huItaly www.sfsintec.biz/itNorway www.sfsintec.biz/noPoland www.sfsintec.biz/plSpain www.sfsintec.biz/esSweden www.sfsintec.biz/seUSA www.sfsintecusa.com

Dialogue and contact around-the-clock!

www.sfsintec.biz

Continuous information exchange with our customers has been a cornerstone to the continuous developmentof our products and services we have maintained over the years.

Alongside the day-to-day contact on the part of our local customer support staff, the internet represents an

additional platform for dialogue with our global partners. We want to support your daily work by keeping youconstantly abreast of market and product-specific information through our home page.


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Project Referral

Project name: Roissy Charles de Gaulle Airport - Terminal 2E

Building use: Airport

Size

Construction year

Country / Building location

Flat roofing systems

SFS Products

Architect

Main Contractor HB

60000 m

2001-2002

France - Roissy

Deck stainless steel sheet

IR2-S-4,8x100, ID-70x70, SN3/18-7982-SR2-4,2x25

Aroport de Paris - ADP

Paul Andreu , Jean Michel Fourcade - ADP ingnirie

UTB - Pantin (93)


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Project name: Le Zenith

Building use: Exhibitions Center

Construction year


Roofing / Cladding systems

SFS Products

Client

Architect

Main Contractor

Sub Contractor HB

1998 - 1999

France / Toulouse

Cassettes Aluminum AXTER

SX3/15-S16-5,5x38

Mairie de Toulouse

Paul et Andre Grezy

Ataub

SNAC Acienoid Toulouse

Project Referral


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Project Referral

Project name: Airbus A380 - Usine Jean Luc Lagardre

Building use: Planes construction

Size

Construction year



SFS Products

Client

Architect

Sub Contractor

120000 m

2002 - 2004

Toulouse Blagnac - France

Bituminous flatroof / Metal cladding / Stainless steel metal doors

SFS irius SD5 coloured / SFS irius SX3

Airbus France

ADP - Aroport de Paris, Cardete et Huet - Toulouse

Smac Acieroid Toulouse, Soprema Toulouse, Acieroid Espagne


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Project name: Chrysler-Jeep

Building use: Automotive Plant

Size

Construction year



SFS Products

Client

Main Contractor

111500 m

1999

USA / Toledo, Ohio

Johns Manville 60-mil PVC

IF2-M-4,8x60, IF2-M-6,7x76, IF/IG-70x70, IF-2.375-AT,

Daimler-Chrysler

Fred Christen & Sons, Inc.

Project Referral


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Project name: IKEA stores

Building use: Distribution Centre

Size

Construction year


Flat roofing system:

SFS intec Products:

Main contractor :

Roofing contractor :

70000 m2

2005

Doncaster England

Sarnafil T Membrane, Rockwool mineral insulation

Fastener: SBF-SQ3, TI-Z10

Tube: SFT (Sarnafast)

Tool: TP10, 19 and 30

Shepherd Construction

Roofdec Ltd.

Project Referral


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Project name: City Hall, Praha

Building use: Sport, Culture, Entertainment

Size

Construction year




SFS Products

Client

Main Contractor

26'000 m

1999

Czech Republic, Praha

Rheinzink, Sandwichpanels DART

Steel-deck

SX, SD, SW-S

Municipality of Praha

Izolprag

Project Referral


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Project Referral

Project name: Government Communications Headquarter (GCHQ)

Building use: Administration

Size

Construction year



SFS Products

Client

12000 m

2003

England / Cheltenham

Prater Roofing, Corus Building, Kalzip system

SX irius, SD3, bulbtite rivets

Government


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Project Referral

Project name: Taipei Financial Center, Zone 4

Building use: Financial Center 101

Size

Construction year


SFS intec Products

Architect :

Main contractor :

508 m Height

2002

Taipei

TDB, TDC, SX3, SX6, SN3, SN5, SN 6about 2,3 Million pcs.

C Y Lee&Partners

Josef Gartner & Co (HK) Ltd.


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Notes:


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SFSintec2006/GedrucktinderSchweiz

Technische

nderungenvorbehalten

FS18.0

0.0

6E

designerguide en

Documents