diamond quantum sensors for magnetoencephalography
TRANSCRIPT
PowerPoint Presentation14 November 2019
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.
This material is based upon work supported by the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering under Air Force Contract No. FA8702-15-D-0001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.
© 2019 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Delivered to the U.S. Government with Unlimited Rights, as defined in DFARS Part 252.227-7013 or 7014 (Feb 2014). Notwithstanding any copyright notice, U.S. Government rights in this work are defined by DFARS 252.227-7013 or
DFARS 252.227-7014 as detailed above. Use of this work other than as specifically authorized by the U.S. Government may violate any copyrights that exist in this work.
Diamond MEG - 2 JAM 11/14/2019
• Magnetoencephalography (MEG) – Motivation
– The MIT Lincoln Lab MEG System
Outline
Brain Science
The human brain is the most complicated biological structure in the known universe. We’ve only just scratched the surface in understanding how it works – or, unfortunately, doesn’t quite work when disorders and disease occur.
- NIH Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.
USA China International
Brain Science
The Magnetoencephalography Signal
Electroencephalography
Magnetoencephalography
Neurons
• Neurons communicate via transient electrical signals.
• Bulk neuronal activity creates detectable signals.
Diamond MEG - 6 JAM 11/14/2019
Clinical Brain Imaging Methods
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Safety and Comfort
Full-Brain Imaging
Time Resolution
(f)MRI X-ray CT SPECT PET EEG MEG
E. Lin and A. Alessio, Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 3, 403 (2009).
Diamond MEG - 8 JAM 11/14/2019
MEG Visualized
Courtesy of S. Pursiainen, Inverse Problems research group at Tampere University of Technology. Created using Zeffiro Interface ©.
Data and visualization from MNE software package using sample data (citation below).
A. Gramfort, M. Luessi, E. Larson, D. Engemann, D. Strohmeier, C. Brodbeck, R. Goj, M. Jas, T. Brooks, L. Parkkonen, M. Hämäläinen, MEG and EEG data analysis with MNE-Python, Frontiers in Neuroscience, Volume 7, 2013, ISSN 1662-453X
Slowed down 20x
Inferred dipole sources
The History of Magnetoencephalography (at MIT)
Dr. David Cohen, MIT “The Father of Biomagnetometry”
Early magnetoencephalography (1971) seen by Cohen et al.
D. Cohen, Science 175, 664 (1972).; A. H. Silver and J. E. Zimmerman, Physical Review 157, 317 (1967). www.davidcohen.mit.edu.
Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)
Diamond MEG - 10 JAM 11/14/2019
Magnetoencephalography Today
Elekta Neuromag®
SQUID: Superconducting Quantum Interference Device
Diamond MEG - 11 JAM 11/14/2019
Clinical MEG
S. M. Stufflebeam, Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 22, 153 (2011). S. P. Ahlfors and M. Mody, Organizational Research Methods 22, 95 (2016).
Localization of Epileptic Spikes within the Brain
Identification of Abnormally Functioning Areas
Disease Identification and Localization
• Magnetoencephalography (MEG) – Motivation
– The MIT Lincoln Lab MEG System
Outline
Magnetic Field Scales
Superconducting MRI1 magnet
Magnetic Field (Tesla)
Urban magnetic noise
Diamond MEG - 14 JAM 11/14/2019
Quantum Sensors: Nitrogen-Vacancies in Diamond
Diamond
−
−
Advantages of a Solid State Device
No Vacuum
−
Superb Precision Measurement Capability
N. Poli, C. W. Oates, P. Gill, and G. M. Tino, La Rivista Del Nuovo Cimento 036, 555 (2013).
Fixed Crystallographic Axes (Reliable Vector Sensitivity)
Diamond MEG - 16 JAM 11/14/2019
MIT LL Unique Diamond Technology Platform
RF Engineering
X (mm)
y (m
Diamond Engineering
1EPR: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; 2PL: Photoluminescence spectroscopy; 3FTIR: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Commercial Diamond
MIT LL Shield System
C. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Qu, X. Pan, G. Fang, and L. Chen, Sensors 16, 2168 (2016).
Shielded Room: $1M MIT LL Shields: < $50k
Gradiometer → Unshielded Measurement
Technology Outlook
Acknowledgements
Back: John Barry, Alex Zhang, Erik Eisenach, Matt Steinecker, Mike O’Keeffe Front: Linh Pham, Jonah Majumder, Erik Thompson, Danielle Braje, Alexandra Day, Chuck Wuorio Not pictured: Christopher Foy, Scott Alsid, Reggie Wilcox
Mass General Hospital
Seppo AhlforsMatti Hämäläinen
Energy Levels of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center
Zero-field splitting
Inherent Vector Sensitivity
|
Diamond MEG - 23 JAM 11/14/2019
Pushing the Nitrogen-Vacancy’s Sensitivity
COTS Diamond MIT LL Diamond
MIT LL Unpublished 2019
Outline
Magnetoencephalography Today
Clinical MEG
Advantages of a Solid State Device
MIT LL Unique Diamond Technology Platform
Diamond Engineering
Inherent Vector Sensitivity
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.
This material is based upon work supported by the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering under Air Force Contract No. FA8702-15-D-0001. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering.
© 2019 Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Delivered to the U.S. Government with Unlimited Rights, as defined in DFARS Part 252.227-7013 or 7014 (Feb 2014). Notwithstanding any copyright notice, U.S. Government rights in this work are defined by DFARS 252.227-7013 or
DFARS 252.227-7014 as detailed above. Use of this work other than as specifically authorized by the U.S. Government may violate any copyrights that exist in this work.
Diamond MEG - 2 JAM 11/14/2019
• Magnetoencephalography (MEG) – Motivation
– The MIT Lincoln Lab MEG System
Outline
Brain Science
The human brain is the most complicated biological structure in the known universe. We’ve only just scratched the surface in understanding how it works – or, unfortunately, doesn’t quite work when disorders and disease occur.
- NIH Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D.
USA China International
Brain Science
The Magnetoencephalography Signal
Electroencephalography
Magnetoencephalography
Neurons
• Neurons communicate via transient electrical signals.
• Bulk neuronal activity creates detectable signals.
Diamond MEG - 6 JAM 11/14/2019
Clinical Brain Imaging Methods
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Safety and Comfort
Full-Brain Imaging
Time Resolution
(f)MRI X-ray CT SPECT PET EEG MEG
E. Lin and A. Alessio, Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography 3, 403 (2009).
Diamond MEG - 8 JAM 11/14/2019
MEG Visualized
Courtesy of S. Pursiainen, Inverse Problems research group at Tampere University of Technology. Created using Zeffiro Interface ©.
Data and visualization from MNE software package using sample data (citation below).
A. Gramfort, M. Luessi, E. Larson, D. Engemann, D. Strohmeier, C. Brodbeck, R. Goj, M. Jas, T. Brooks, L. Parkkonen, M. Hämäläinen, MEG and EEG data analysis with MNE-Python, Frontiers in Neuroscience, Volume 7, 2013, ISSN 1662-453X
Slowed down 20x
Inferred dipole sources
The History of Magnetoencephalography (at MIT)
Dr. David Cohen, MIT “The Father of Biomagnetometry”
Early magnetoencephalography (1971) seen by Cohen et al.
D. Cohen, Science 175, 664 (1972).; A. H. Silver and J. E. Zimmerman, Physical Review 157, 317 (1967). www.davidcohen.mit.edu.
Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)
Diamond MEG - 10 JAM 11/14/2019
Magnetoencephalography Today
Elekta Neuromag®
SQUID: Superconducting Quantum Interference Device
Diamond MEG - 11 JAM 11/14/2019
Clinical MEG
S. M. Stufflebeam, Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 22, 153 (2011). S. P. Ahlfors and M. Mody, Organizational Research Methods 22, 95 (2016).
Localization of Epileptic Spikes within the Brain
Identification of Abnormally Functioning Areas
Disease Identification and Localization
• Magnetoencephalography (MEG) – Motivation
– The MIT Lincoln Lab MEG System
Outline
Magnetic Field Scales
Superconducting MRI1 magnet
Magnetic Field (Tesla)
Urban magnetic noise
Diamond MEG - 14 JAM 11/14/2019
Quantum Sensors: Nitrogen-Vacancies in Diamond
Diamond
−
−
Advantages of a Solid State Device
No Vacuum
−
Superb Precision Measurement Capability
N. Poli, C. W. Oates, P. Gill, and G. M. Tino, La Rivista Del Nuovo Cimento 036, 555 (2013).
Fixed Crystallographic Axes (Reliable Vector Sensitivity)
Diamond MEG - 16 JAM 11/14/2019
MIT LL Unique Diamond Technology Platform
RF Engineering
X (mm)
y (m
Diamond Engineering
1EPR: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy; 2PL: Photoluminescence spectroscopy; 3FTIR: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Commercial Diamond
MIT LL Shield System
C. Wang, X. Zhang, X. Qu, X. Pan, G. Fang, and L. Chen, Sensors 16, 2168 (2016).
Shielded Room: $1M MIT LL Shields: < $50k
Gradiometer → Unshielded Measurement
Technology Outlook
Acknowledgements
Back: John Barry, Alex Zhang, Erik Eisenach, Matt Steinecker, Mike O’Keeffe Front: Linh Pham, Jonah Majumder, Erik Thompson, Danielle Braje, Alexandra Day, Chuck Wuorio Not pictured: Christopher Foy, Scott Alsid, Reggie Wilcox
Mass General Hospital
Seppo AhlforsMatti Hämäläinen
Energy Levels of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center
Zero-field splitting
Inherent Vector Sensitivity
|
Diamond MEG - 23 JAM 11/14/2019
Pushing the Nitrogen-Vacancy’s Sensitivity
COTS Diamond MIT LL Diamond
MIT LL Unpublished 2019
Outline
Magnetoencephalography Today
Clinical MEG
Advantages of a Solid State Device
MIT LL Unique Diamond Technology Platform
Diamond Engineering
Inherent Vector Sensitivity